$NetBSD: utmp.5,v 1.5 1994/11/30 19:31:35 jtc Exp $

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@(#)utmp.5 8.2 (Berkeley) 3/17/94

.Dd March 17, 1994 .Dt UTMP 5 .Os BSD 4 .Sh NAME .Nm utmp , .Nm wtmp , .Nm lastlog .Nd login records (DEPRECATED) .Sh SYNOPSIS .Fd #include <utmp.h> .Sh DESCRIPTION The interfaces in file .Aq Pa utmp.h are all .Sy DEPRECATED and are only provided for compatibility with previous releases of Mac OS X. See .Xr pututxline 3 and .Xr utmpx 5 for the supported interfaces.

p .Aq Pa utmp.h declares the structures used to record information about current users in the file .Nm utmp , logins and logouts in the file .Nm wtmp , and last logins in the file .Nm lastlog . The time stamps of date changes, shutdowns and reboots are also logged in the .Nm wtmp file.

p These files can grow rapidly on busy systems, daily or weekly rotation is recommended. If any of these files do not exist, it is not created. These files must be created manually and are normally maintained in either the script

a /etc/daily or the script

a /etc/weekly . (See .Xr cron 8 . ) d -literal -offset indent #define _PATH_UTMP "/var/run/utmp" #define _PATH_WTMP "/var/log/wtmp" #define _PATH_LASTLOG "/var/log/lastlog" #define UT_NAMESIZE 8 #define UT_LINESIZE 8 #define UT_HOSTSIZE 16 struct lastlog { time_t ll_time; char ll_line[UT_LINESIZE]; char ll_host[UT_HOSTSIZE]; }; struct utmp { char ut_line[UT_LINESIZE]; char ut_name[UT_NAMESIZE]; char ut_host[UT_HOSTSIZE]; time_t ut_time; }; .Ed

p Each time a user logs in, the .Xr login program looks up the user's .Tn UID in the file .Nm lastlog. If it is found, the timestamp of the last time the user logged in, the terminal line and the hostname are written to the standard output. (Providing the login is not .Em quiet , see .Xr login 1 . ) The .Xr login program then records the new login time in the file .Nm lastlog .

p After the new .Fa lastlog record is written , the
.Xr libutil 3
routine
the file .Nm utmp is opened and the .Fa utmp record for the user inserted. This record remains there until the user logs out at which time it is deleted. The .Nm utmp file is used by the programs .Xr rwho 1 , .Xr users 1 , .Xr w 1 , and .Xr who 1 .

p Next, the .Xr login program opens the file .Nm wtmp , and appends the user's .Fa utmp record. The same .Fa utmp record, with an updated time stamp is later appended to the file when the user logs out. (See .Xr launchd 8 . ) The .Nm wtmp file is used by the programs .Xr last 1 and .Xr ac 8 .

p In the event of a date change, a shutdown or reboot, the following items are logged in the .Nm wtmp file.

p l -tag -width shutdownxx -compact t Li reboot t Li shutdown A system reboot or shutdown has been initiated. The character .Ql ~ is placed in the field .Fa ut_line , and .Li reboot or .Li shutdown in the field .Fa ut_name . (See .Xr shutdown 8 and .Xr reboot 8 . )

p t Li date The system time has been manually or automatically updated. (See .Xr date 1 . ) The command name .Xr date is recorded in the field .Fa ut_name . In the field .Fa ut_line , the character .Ql \\*(Ba indicates the time prior to the change, and the character .Ql { indicates the new time. .El .Sh FILES f Sy (These files no longer exist in 10.5 or later.) .Ef

p l -tag -width /var/log/lastlog -compact t Pa /var/run/utmp The .Nm utmp file. t Pa /var/log/wtmp The .Nm wtmp file. t Pa /var/log/lastlog The .Nm lastlog file. .El .Sh SEE ALSO .Xr last 1 , .Xr login 1 , .Xr who 1 , .Xr ac 8 , .Xr launchd 8 .Sh HISTORY A .Nm utmp and .Nm wtmp file format appeared in .At v6 . The .Nm lastlog file format appeared in x 3.0 .