1/*-
2 * Copyright (c) 2003-2007 Tim Kientzle
3 * All rights reserved.
4 *
5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7 * are met:
8 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
10 *    in this position and unchanged.
11 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
12 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
13 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
14 *
15 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
16 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
17 * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
18 * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
19 * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
20 * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
21 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
22 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
23 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
24 * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
25 */
26
27
28#include "cpio_platform.h"
29__FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
30
31#include <sys/types.h>
32#include <archive.h>
33#include <archive_entry.h>
34
35#ifdef HAVE_SYS_MKDEV_H
36#include <sys/mkdev.h>
37#endif
38#ifdef HAVE_SYS_STAT_H
39#include <sys/stat.h>
40#endif
41#ifdef HAVE_SYS_TIME_H
42#include <sys/time.h>
43#endif
44#ifdef HAVE_ERRNO_H
45#include <errno.h>
46#endif
47#ifdef HAVE_FCNTL_H
48#include <fcntl.h>
49#endif
50#ifdef HAVE_GRP_H
51#include <grp.h>
52#endif
53#ifdef HAVE_PWD_H
54#include <pwd.h>
55#endif
56#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_H
57#include <stdarg.h>
58#endif
59#ifdef HAVE_STDINT_H
60#include <stdint.h>
61#endif
62#include <stdio.h>
63#ifdef HAVE_STDLIB_H
64#include <stdlib.h>
65#endif
66#ifdef HAVE_STRING_H
67#include <string.h>
68#endif
69#ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
70#include <unistd.h>
71#endif
72#ifdef HAVE_SYS_TIME_H
73#include <sys/time.h>
74#endif
75#ifdef HAVE_TIME_H
76#include <time.h>
77#endif
78
79#include "cpio.h"
80#include "err.h"
81#include "line_reader.h"
82#include "matching.h"
83
84/* Fixed size of uname/gname caches. */
85#define	name_cache_size 101
86
87#ifndef O_BINARY
88#define O_BINARY 0
89#endif
90
91struct name_cache {
92	int	probes;
93	int	hits;
94	size_t	size;
95	struct {
96		id_t id;
97		char *name;
98	} cache[name_cache_size];
99};
100
101static int	extract_data(struct archive *, struct archive *);
102const char *	cpio_i64toa(int64_t);
103static const char *cpio_rename(const char *name);
104static int	entry_to_archive(struct cpio *, struct archive_entry *);
105static int	file_to_archive(struct cpio *, const char *);
106static void	free_cache(struct name_cache *cache);
107static void	list_item_verbose(struct cpio *, struct archive_entry *);
108static void	long_help(void);
109static const char *lookup_gname(struct cpio *, gid_t gid);
110static int	lookup_gname_helper(struct cpio *,
111		    const char **name, id_t gid);
112static const char *lookup_uname(struct cpio *, uid_t uid);
113static int	lookup_uname_helper(struct cpio *,
114		    const char **name, id_t uid);
115static void	mode_in(struct cpio *);
116static void	mode_list(struct cpio *);
117static void	mode_out(struct cpio *);
118static void	mode_pass(struct cpio *, const char *);
119static int	restore_time(struct cpio *, struct archive_entry *,
120		    const char *, int fd);
121static void	usage(void);
122static void	version(void);
123
124int
125main(int argc, char *argv[])
126{
127	static char buff[16384];
128	struct cpio _cpio; /* Allocated on stack. */
129	struct cpio *cpio;
130	const char *errmsg;
131	int uid, gid;
132	int opt;
133
134	cpio = &_cpio;
135	memset(cpio, 0, sizeof(*cpio));
136	cpio->buff = buff;
137	cpio->buff_size = sizeof(buff);
138
139	/* Need lafe_progname before calling lafe_warnc. */
140	if (*argv == NULL)
141		lafe_progname = "bsdcpio";
142	else {
143#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
144		lafe_progname = strrchr(*argv, '\\');
145#else
146		lafe_progname = strrchr(*argv, '/');
147#endif
148		if (lafe_progname != NULL)
149			lafe_progname++;
150		else
151			lafe_progname = *argv;
152	}
153
154	cpio->uid_override = -1;
155	cpio->gid_override = -1;
156	cpio->argv = argv;
157	cpio->argc = argc;
158	cpio->mode = '\0';
159	cpio->verbose = 0;
160	cpio->compress = '\0';
161	cpio->extract_flags = ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_NO_AUTODIR;
162	cpio->extract_flags |= ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_NO_OVERWRITE_NEWER;
163	cpio->extract_flags |= ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_SECURE_SYMLINKS;
164	cpio->extract_flags |= ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_SECURE_NODOTDOT;
165	cpio->extract_flags |= ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_SECURE_NOABSOLUTEPATHS;
166	cpio->extract_flags |= ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_PERM;
167	cpio->extract_flags |= ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_FFLAGS;
168	cpio->extract_flags |= ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_ACL;
169#if !defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
170	if (geteuid() == 0)
171		cpio->extract_flags |= ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_OWNER;
172#endif
173	cpio->bytes_per_block = 512;
174	cpio->filename = NULL;
175
176	while ((opt = cpio_getopt(cpio)) != -1) {
177		switch (opt) {
178		case '0': /* GNU convention: --null, -0 */
179			cpio->option_null = 1;
180			break;
181		case 'A': /* NetBSD/OpenBSD */
182			cpio->option_append = 1;
183			break;
184		case 'a': /* POSIX 1997 */
185			cpio->option_atime_restore = 1;
186			break;
187		case 'B': /* POSIX 1997 */
188			cpio->bytes_per_block = 5120;
189			break;
190		case 'C': /* NetBSD/OpenBSD */
191			cpio->bytes_per_block = atoi(cpio->optarg);
192			if (cpio->bytes_per_block <= 0)
193				lafe_errc(1, 0, "Invalid blocksize %s", cpio->optarg);
194			break;
195		case 'c': /* POSIX 1997 */
196			cpio->format = "odc";
197			break;
198		case 'd': /* POSIX 1997 */
199			cpio->extract_flags &= ~ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_NO_AUTODIR;
200			break;
201		case 'E': /* NetBSD/OpenBSD */
202			lafe_include_from_file(&cpio->matching,
203			    cpio->optarg, cpio->option_null);
204			break;
205		case 'F': /* NetBSD/OpenBSD/GNU cpio */
206			cpio->filename = cpio->optarg;
207			break;
208		case 'f': /* POSIX 1997 */
209			lafe_exclude(&cpio->matching, cpio->optarg);
210			break;
211		case 'H': /* GNU cpio (also --format) */
212			cpio->format = cpio->optarg;
213			break;
214		case 'h':
215			long_help();
216			break;
217		case 'I': /* NetBSD/OpenBSD */
218			cpio->filename = cpio->optarg;
219			break;
220		case 'i': /* POSIX 1997 */
221			if (cpio->mode != '\0')
222				lafe_errc(1, 0,
223				    "Cannot use both -i and -%c", cpio->mode);
224			cpio->mode = opt;
225			break;
226		case 'J': /* GNU tar, others */
227			cpio->compress = opt;
228			break;
229		case 'j': /* GNU tar, others */
230			cpio->compress = opt;
231			break;
232		case OPTION_INSECURE:
233			cpio->extract_flags &= ~ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_SECURE_SYMLINKS;
234			cpio->extract_flags &= ~ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_SECURE_NODOTDOT;
235			cpio->extract_flags &= ~ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_SECURE_NOABSOLUTEPATHS;
236			break;
237		case 'L': /* GNU cpio */
238			cpio->option_follow_links = 1;
239			break;
240		case 'l': /* POSIX 1997 */
241			cpio->option_link = 1;
242			break;
243		case OPTION_LZMA: /* GNU tar, others */
244			cpio->compress = opt;
245			break;
246		case 'm': /* POSIX 1997 */
247			cpio->extract_flags |= ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_TIME;
248			break;
249		case 'n': /* GNU cpio */
250			cpio->option_numeric_uid_gid = 1;
251			break;
252		case OPTION_NO_PRESERVE_OWNER: /* GNU cpio */
253			cpio->extract_flags &= ~ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_OWNER;
254			break;
255		case 'O': /* GNU cpio */
256			cpio->filename = cpio->optarg;
257			break;
258		case 'o': /* POSIX 1997 */
259			if (cpio->mode != '\0')
260				lafe_errc(1, 0,
261				    "Cannot use both -o and -%c", cpio->mode);
262			cpio->mode = opt;
263			break;
264		case 'p': /* POSIX 1997 */
265			if (cpio->mode != '\0')
266				lafe_errc(1, 0,
267				    "Cannot use both -p and -%c", cpio->mode);
268			cpio->mode = opt;
269			cpio->extract_flags &= ~ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_SECURE_NODOTDOT;
270			cpio->extract_flags &= ~ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_SECURE_NOABSOLUTEPATHS;
271			break;
272		case OPTION_PRESERVE_OWNER:
273			cpio->extract_flags |= ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_OWNER;
274			break;
275		case OPTION_QUIET: /* GNU cpio */
276			cpio->quiet = 1;
277			break;
278		case 'R': /* GNU cpio, also --owner */
279			/* TODO: owner_parse should return uname/gname
280			 * also; use that to set [ug]name_override. */
281			errmsg = owner_parse(cpio->optarg, &uid, &gid);
282			if (errmsg) {
283				lafe_warnc(-1, "%s", errmsg);
284				usage();
285			}
286			if (uid != -1) {
287				cpio->uid_override = uid;
288				cpio->uname_override = NULL;
289			}
290			if (gid != -1) {
291				cpio->gid_override = gid;
292				cpio->gname_override = NULL;
293			}
294			break;
295		case 'r': /* POSIX 1997 */
296			cpio->option_rename = 1;
297			break;
298		case 't': /* POSIX 1997 */
299			cpio->option_list = 1;
300			break;
301		case 'u': /* POSIX 1997 */
302			cpio->extract_flags
303			    &= ~ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_NO_OVERWRITE_NEWER;
304			break;
305		case 'v': /* POSIX 1997 */
306			cpio->verbose++;
307			break;
308		case OPTION_VERSION: /* GNU convention */
309			version();
310			break;
311#if 0
312	        /*
313		 * cpio_getopt() handles -W specially, so it's not
314		 * available here.
315		 */
316		case 'W': /* Obscure, but useful GNU convention. */
317			break;
318#endif
319		case 'y': /* tar convention */
320			cpio->compress = opt;
321			break;
322		case 'Z': /* tar convention */
323			cpio->compress = opt;
324			break;
325		case 'z': /* tar convention */
326			cpio->compress = opt;
327			break;
328		default:
329			usage();
330		}
331	}
332
333	/*
334	 * Sanity-check args, error out on nonsensical combinations.
335	 */
336	/* -t implies -i if no mode was specified. */
337	if (cpio->option_list && cpio->mode == '\0')
338		cpio->mode = 'i';
339	/* -t requires -i */
340	if (cpio->option_list && cpio->mode != 'i')
341		lafe_errc(1, 0, "Option -t requires -i");
342	/* -n requires -it */
343	if (cpio->option_numeric_uid_gid && !cpio->option_list)
344		lafe_errc(1, 0, "Option -n requires -it");
345	/* Can only specify format when writing */
346	if (cpio->format != NULL && cpio->mode != 'o')
347		lafe_errc(1, 0, "Option --format requires -o");
348	/* -l requires -p */
349	if (cpio->option_link && cpio->mode != 'p')
350		lafe_errc(1, 0, "Option -l requires -p");
351	/* TODO: Flag other nonsensical combinations. */
352
353	switch (cpio->mode) {
354	case 'o':
355		/* TODO: Implement old binary format in libarchive,
356		   use that here. */
357		if (cpio->format == NULL)
358			cpio->format = "odc"; /* Default format */
359
360		mode_out(cpio);
361		break;
362	case 'i':
363		while (*cpio->argv != NULL) {
364			lafe_include(&cpio->matching, *cpio->argv);
365			--cpio->argc;
366			++cpio->argv;
367		}
368		if (cpio->option_list)
369			mode_list(cpio);
370		else
371			mode_in(cpio);
372		break;
373	case 'p':
374		if (*cpio->argv == NULL || **cpio->argv == '\0')
375			lafe_errc(1, 0,
376			    "-p mode requires a target directory");
377		mode_pass(cpio, *cpio->argv);
378		break;
379	default:
380		lafe_errc(1, 0,
381		    "Must specify at least one of -i, -o, or -p");
382	}
383
384	free_cache(cpio->gname_cache);
385	free_cache(cpio->uname_cache);
386	return (cpio->return_value);
387}
388
389static void
390usage(void)
391{
392	const char	*p;
393
394	p = lafe_progname;
395
396	fprintf(stderr, "Brief Usage:\n");
397	fprintf(stderr, "  List:    %s -it < archive\n", p);
398	fprintf(stderr, "  Extract: %s -i < archive\n", p);
399	fprintf(stderr, "  Create:  %s -o < filenames > archive\n", p);
400	fprintf(stderr, "  Help:    %s --help\n", p);
401	exit(1);
402}
403
404static const char *long_help_msg =
405	"First option must be a mode specifier:\n"
406	"  -i Input  -o Output  -p Pass\n"
407	"Common Options:\n"
408	"  -v    Verbose\n"
409	"Create: %p -o [options]  < [list of files] > [archive]\n"
410	"  -J,-y,-z,--lzma  Compress archive with xz/bzip2/gzip/lzma\n"
411	"  --format {odc|newc|ustar}  Select archive format\n"
412	"List: %p -it < [archive]\n"
413	"Extract: %p -i [options] < [archive]\n";
414
415
416/*
417 * Note that the word 'bsdcpio' will always appear in the first line
418 * of output.
419 *
420 * In particular, /bin/sh scripts that need to test for the presence
421 * of bsdcpio can use the following template:
422 *
423 * if (cpio --help 2>&1 | grep bsdcpio >/dev/null 2>&1 ) then \
424 *          echo bsdcpio; else echo not bsdcpio; fi
425 */
426static void
427long_help(void)
428{
429	const char	*prog;
430	const char	*p;
431
432	prog = lafe_progname;
433
434	fflush(stderr);
435
436	p = (strcmp(prog,"bsdcpio") != 0) ? "(bsdcpio)" : "";
437	printf("%s%s: manipulate archive files\n", prog, p);
438
439	for (p = long_help_msg; *p != '\0'; p++) {
440		if (*p == '%') {
441			if (p[1] == 'p') {
442				fputs(prog, stdout);
443				p++;
444			} else
445				putchar('%');
446		} else
447			putchar(*p);
448	}
449	version();
450}
451
452static void
453version(void)
454{
455	fprintf(stdout,"bsdcpio %s -- %s\n",
456	    BSDCPIO_VERSION_STRING,
457	    archive_version());
458	exit(0);
459}
460
461static void
462mode_out(struct cpio *cpio)
463{
464	struct archive_entry *entry, *spare;
465	struct lafe_line_reader *lr;
466	const char *p;
467	int r;
468
469	if (cpio->option_append)
470		lafe_errc(1, 0, "Append mode not yet supported.");
471
472	cpio->archive_read_disk = archive_read_disk_new();
473	if (cpio->archive_read_disk == NULL)
474		lafe_errc(1, 0, "Failed to allocate archive object");
475	if (cpio->option_follow_links)
476		archive_read_disk_set_symlink_logical(cpio->archive_read_disk);
477	else
478		archive_read_disk_set_symlink_physical(cpio->archive_read_disk);
479	archive_read_disk_set_standard_lookup(cpio->archive_read_disk);
480
481	cpio->archive = archive_write_new();
482	if (cpio->archive == NULL)
483		lafe_errc(1, 0, "Failed to allocate archive object");
484	switch (cpio->compress) {
485	case 'J':
486		r = archive_write_set_compression_xz(cpio->archive);
487		break;
488	case OPTION_LZMA:
489		r = archive_write_set_compression_lzma(cpio->archive);
490		break;
491	case 'j': case 'y':
492		r = archive_write_set_compression_bzip2(cpio->archive);
493		break;
494	case 'z':
495		r = archive_write_set_compression_gzip(cpio->archive);
496		break;
497	case 'Z':
498		r = archive_write_set_compression_compress(cpio->archive);
499		break;
500	default:
501		r = archive_write_set_compression_none(cpio->archive);
502		break;
503	}
504	if (r < ARCHIVE_WARN)
505		lafe_errc(1, 0, "Requested compression not available");
506	r = archive_write_set_format_by_name(cpio->archive, cpio->format);
507	if (r != ARCHIVE_OK)
508		lafe_errc(1, 0, "%s", archive_error_string(cpio->archive));
509	archive_write_set_bytes_per_block(cpio->archive, cpio->bytes_per_block);
510	cpio->linkresolver = archive_entry_linkresolver_new();
511	archive_entry_linkresolver_set_strategy(cpio->linkresolver,
512	    archive_format(cpio->archive));
513
514	/*
515	 * The main loop:  Copy each file into the output archive.
516	 */
517	r = archive_write_open_file(cpio->archive, cpio->filename);
518	if (r != ARCHIVE_OK)
519		lafe_errc(1, 0, "%s", archive_error_string(cpio->archive));
520	lr = lafe_line_reader("-", cpio->option_null);
521	while ((p = lafe_line_reader_next(lr)) != NULL)
522		file_to_archive(cpio, p);
523	lafe_line_reader_free(lr);
524
525	/*
526	 * The hardlink detection may have queued up a couple of entries
527	 * that can now be flushed.
528	 */
529	entry = NULL;
530	archive_entry_linkify(cpio->linkresolver, &entry, &spare);
531	while (entry != NULL) {
532		entry_to_archive(cpio, entry);
533		archive_entry_free(entry);
534		entry = NULL;
535		archive_entry_linkify(cpio->linkresolver, &entry, &spare);
536	}
537
538	r = archive_write_close(cpio->archive);
539	if (r != ARCHIVE_OK)
540		lafe_errc(1, 0, "%s", archive_error_string(cpio->archive));
541
542	if (!cpio->quiet) {
543		int64_t blocks =
544			(archive_position_uncompressed(cpio->archive) + 511)
545			/ 512;
546		fprintf(stderr, "%lu %s\n", (unsigned long)blocks,
547		    blocks == 1 ? "block" : "blocks");
548	}
549	archive_write_finish(cpio->archive);
550}
551
552/*
553 * This is used by both out mode (to copy objects from disk into
554 * an archive) and pass mode (to copy objects from disk to
555 * an archive_write_disk "archive").
556 */
557static int
558file_to_archive(struct cpio *cpio, const char *srcpath)
559{
560	const char *destpath;
561	struct archive_entry *entry, *spare;
562	size_t len;
563	const char *p;
564	int r;
565
566	/*
567	 * Create an archive_entry describing the source file.
568	 *
569	 */
570	entry = archive_entry_new();
571	if (entry == NULL)
572		lafe_errc(1, 0, "Couldn't allocate entry");
573	archive_entry_copy_sourcepath(entry, srcpath);
574	r = archive_read_disk_entry_from_file(cpio->archive_read_disk,
575	    entry, -1, NULL);
576	if (r < ARCHIVE_FAILED)
577		lafe_errc(1, 0, "%s",
578		    archive_error_string(cpio->archive_read_disk));
579	if (r < ARCHIVE_OK)
580		lafe_warnc(0, "%s",
581		    archive_error_string(cpio->archive_read_disk));
582	if (r <= ARCHIVE_FAILED) {
583		cpio->return_value = 1;
584		return (r);
585	}
586
587	if (cpio->uid_override >= 0) {
588		archive_entry_set_uid(entry, cpio->uid_override);
589		archive_entry_set_uname(entry, cpio->uname_override);
590	}
591	if (cpio->gid_override >= 0) {
592		archive_entry_set_gid(entry, cpio->gid_override);
593		archive_entry_set_gname(entry, cpio->gname_override);
594	}
595
596	/*
597	 * Generate a destination path for this entry.
598	 * "destination path" is the name to which it will be copied in
599	 * pass mode or the name that will go into the archive in
600	 * output mode.
601	 */
602	destpath = srcpath;
603	if (cpio->destdir) {
604		len = strlen(cpio->destdir) + strlen(srcpath) + 8;
605		if (len >= cpio->pass_destpath_alloc) {
606			while (len >= cpio->pass_destpath_alloc) {
607				cpio->pass_destpath_alloc += 512;
608				cpio->pass_destpath_alloc *= 2;
609			}
610			free(cpio->pass_destpath);
611			cpio->pass_destpath = malloc(cpio->pass_destpath_alloc);
612			if (cpio->pass_destpath == NULL)
613				lafe_errc(1, ENOMEM,
614				    "Can't allocate path buffer");
615		}
616		strcpy(cpio->pass_destpath, cpio->destdir);
617		p = srcpath;
618		while (p[0] == '/')
619			++p;
620		strcat(cpio->pass_destpath, p);
621		destpath = cpio->pass_destpath;
622	}
623	if (cpio->option_rename)
624		destpath = cpio_rename(destpath);
625	if (destpath == NULL)
626		return (0);
627	archive_entry_copy_pathname(entry, destpath);
628
629	/*
630	 * If we're trying to preserve hardlinks, match them here.
631	 */
632	spare = NULL;
633	if (cpio->linkresolver != NULL
634	    && archive_entry_filetype(entry) != AE_IFDIR) {
635		archive_entry_linkify(cpio->linkresolver, &entry, &spare);
636	}
637
638	if (entry != NULL) {
639		r = entry_to_archive(cpio, entry);
640		archive_entry_free(entry);
641		if (spare != NULL) {
642			if (r == 0)
643				r = entry_to_archive(cpio, spare);
644			archive_entry_free(spare);
645		}
646	}
647	return (r);
648}
649
650static int
651entry_to_archive(struct cpio *cpio, struct archive_entry *entry)
652{
653	const char *destpath = archive_entry_pathname(entry);
654	const char *srcpath = archive_entry_sourcepath(entry);
655	int fd = -1;
656	ssize_t bytes_read;
657	int r;
658
659	/* Print out the destination name to the user. */
660	if (cpio->verbose)
661		fprintf(stderr,"%s", destpath);
662
663	/*
664	 * Option_link only makes sense in pass mode and for
665	 * regular files.  Also note: if a link operation fails
666	 * because of cross-device restrictions, we'll fall back
667	 * to copy mode for that entry.
668	 *
669	 * TODO: Test other cpio implementations to see if they
670	 * hard-link anything other than regular files here.
671	 */
672	if (cpio->option_link
673	    && archive_entry_filetype(entry) == AE_IFREG)
674	{
675		struct archive_entry *t;
676		/* Save the original entry in case we need it later. */
677		t = archive_entry_clone(entry);
678		if (t == NULL)
679			lafe_errc(1, ENOMEM, "Can't create link");
680		/* Note: link(2) doesn't create parent directories,
681		 * so we use archive_write_header() instead as a
682		 * convenience. */
683		archive_entry_set_hardlink(t, srcpath);
684		/* This is a straight link that carries no data. */
685		archive_entry_set_size(t, 0);
686		r = archive_write_header(cpio->archive, t);
687		archive_entry_free(t);
688		if (r != ARCHIVE_OK)
689			lafe_warnc(archive_errno(cpio->archive),
690			    "%s", archive_error_string(cpio->archive));
691		if (r == ARCHIVE_FATAL)
692			exit(1);
693#ifdef EXDEV
694		if (r != ARCHIVE_OK && archive_errno(cpio->archive) == EXDEV) {
695			/* Cross-device link:  Just fall through and use
696			 * the original entry to copy the file over. */
697			lafe_warnc(0, "Copying file instead");
698		} else
699#endif
700		return (0);
701	}
702
703	/*
704	 * Make sure we can open the file (if necessary) before
705	 * trying to write the header.
706	 */
707	if (archive_entry_filetype(entry) == AE_IFREG) {
708		if (archive_entry_size(entry) > 0) {
709			fd = open(srcpath, O_RDONLY | O_BINARY);
710			if (fd < 0) {
711				lafe_warnc(errno,
712				    "%s: could not open file", srcpath);
713				goto cleanup;
714			}
715		}
716	} else {
717		archive_entry_set_size(entry, 0);
718	}
719
720	r = archive_write_header(cpio->archive, entry);
721
722	if (r != ARCHIVE_OK)
723		lafe_warnc(archive_errno(cpio->archive),
724		    "%s: %s",
725		    srcpath,
726		    archive_error_string(cpio->archive));
727
728	if (r == ARCHIVE_FATAL)
729		exit(1);
730
731	if (r >= ARCHIVE_WARN && fd >= 0) {
732		bytes_read = read(fd, cpio->buff, cpio->buff_size);
733		while (bytes_read > 0) {
734			r = archive_write_data(cpio->archive,
735			    cpio->buff, bytes_read);
736			if (r < 0)
737				lafe_errc(1, archive_errno(cpio->archive),
738				    "%s", archive_error_string(cpio->archive));
739			if (r < bytes_read) {
740				lafe_warnc(0,
741				    "Truncated write; file may have grown while being archived.");
742			}
743			bytes_read = read(fd, cpio->buff, cpio->buff_size);
744		}
745	}
746
747	fd = restore_time(cpio, entry, srcpath, fd);
748
749cleanup:
750	if (cpio->verbose)
751		fprintf(stderr,"\n");
752	if (fd >= 0)
753		close(fd);
754	return (0);
755}
756
757static int
758restore_time(struct cpio *cpio, struct archive_entry *entry,
759    const char *name, int fd)
760{
761#ifndef HAVE_UTIMES
762	static int warned = 0;
763
764	(void)cpio; /* UNUSED */
765	(void)entry; /* UNUSED */
766	(void)name; /* UNUSED */
767
768	if (!warned)
769		lafe_warnc(0, "Can't restore access times on this platform");
770	warned = 1;
771	return (fd);
772#else
773#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
774	struct __timeval times[2];
775#else
776	struct timeval times[2];
777#endif
778
779	if (!cpio->option_atime_restore)
780		return (fd);
781
782        times[1].tv_sec = archive_entry_mtime(entry);
783        times[1].tv_usec = archive_entry_mtime_nsec(entry) / 1000;
784
785        times[0].tv_sec = archive_entry_atime(entry);
786        times[0].tv_usec = archive_entry_atime_nsec(entry) / 1000;
787
788#if defined(HAVE_FUTIMES) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
789        if (fd >= 0 && futimes(fd, times) == 0)
790		return (fd);
791#endif
792	/*
793	 * Some platform cannot restore access times if the file descriptor
794	 * is still opened.
795	 */
796	if (fd >= 0) {
797		close(fd);
798		fd = -1;
799	}
800
801#ifdef HAVE_LUTIMES
802        if (lutimes(name, times) != 0)
803#else
804        if ((AE_IFLNK != archive_entry_filetype(entry))
805			&& utimes(name, times) != 0)
806#endif
807                lafe_warnc(errno, "Can't update time for %s", name);
808#endif
809	return (fd);
810}
811
812
813static void
814mode_in(struct cpio *cpio)
815{
816	struct archive *a;
817	struct archive_entry *entry;
818	struct archive *ext;
819	const char *destpath;
820	int r;
821
822	ext = archive_write_disk_new();
823	if (ext == NULL)
824		lafe_errc(1, 0, "Couldn't allocate restore object");
825	r = archive_write_disk_set_options(ext, cpio->extract_flags);
826	if (r != ARCHIVE_OK)
827		lafe_errc(1, 0, "%s", archive_error_string(ext));
828	a = archive_read_new();
829	if (a == NULL)
830		lafe_errc(1, 0, "Couldn't allocate archive object");
831	archive_read_support_compression_all(a);
832	archive_read_support_format_all(a);
833
834	if (archive_read_open_file(a, cpio->filename, cpio->bytes_per_block))
835		lafe_errc(1, archive_errno(a),
836		    "%s", archive_error_string(a));
837	for (;;) {
838		r = archive_read_next_header(a, &entry);
839		if (r == ARCHIVE_EOF)
840			break;
841		if (r != ARCHIVE_OK) {
842			lafe_errc(1, archive_errno(a),
843			    "%s", archive_error_string(a));
844		}
845		if (lafe_excluded(cpio->matching, archive_entry_pathname(entry)))
846			continue;
847		if (cpio->option_rename) {
848			destpath = cpio_rename(archive_entry_pathname(entry));
849			archive_entry_set_pathname(entry, destpath);
850		} else
851			destpath = archive_entry_pathname(entry);
852		if (destpath == NULL)
853			continue;
854		if (cpio->verbose)
855			fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", destpath);
856		if (cpio->uid_override >= 0)
857			archive_entry_set_uid(entry, cpio->uid_override);
858		if (cpio->gid_override >= 0)
859			archive_entry_set_gid(entry, cpio->gid_override);
860		r = archive_write_header(ext, entry);
861		if (r != ARCHIVE_OK) {
862			fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s\n",
863			    archive_entry_pathname(entry),
864			    archive_error_string(ext));
865		} else if (archive_entry_size(entry) > 0) {
866			r = extract_data(a, ext);
867			if (r != ARCHIVE_OK)
868				cpio->return_value = 1;
869		}
870	}
871	r = archive_read_close(a);
872	if (r != ARCHIVE_OK)
873		lafe_errc(1, 0, "%s", archive_error_string(a));
874	r = archive_write_close(ext);
875	if (r != ARCHIVE_OK)
876		lafe_errc(1, 0, "%s", archive_error_string(ext));
877	if (!cpio->quiet) {
878		int64_t blocks = (archive_position_uncompressed(a) + 511)
879			      / 512;
880		fprintf(stderr, "%lu %s\n", (unsigned long)blocks,
881		    blocks == 1 ? "block" : "blocks");
882	}
883	archive_read_finish(a);
884	archive_write_finish(ext);
885	exit(cpio->return_value);
886}
887
888/*
889 * Exits if there's a fatal error.  Returns ARCHIVE_OK
890 * if everything is kosher.
891 */
892static int
893extract_data(struct archive *ar, struct archive *aw)
894{
895	int r;
896	size_t size;
897	const void *block;
898	off_t offset;
899
900	for (;;) {
901		r = archive_read_data_block(ar, &block, &size, &offset);
902		if (r == ARCHIVE_EOF)
903			return (ARCHIVE_OK);
904		if (r != ARCHIVE_OK) {
905			lafe_warnc(archive_errno(ar),
906			    "%s", archive_error_string(ar));
907			exit(1);
908		}
909		r = archive_write_data_block(aw, block, size, offset);
910		if (r != ARCHIVE_OK) {
911			lafe_warnc(archive_errno(aw),
912			    "%s", archive_error_string(aw));
913			return (r);
914		}
915	}
916}
917
918static void
919mode_list(struct cpio *cpio)
920{
921	struct archive *a;
922	struct archive_entry *entry;
923	int r;
924
925	a = archive_read_new();
926	if (a == NULL)
927		lafe_errc(1, 0, "Couldn't allocate archive object");
928	archive_read_support_compression_all(a);
929	archive_read_support_format_all(a);
930
931	if (archive_read_open_file(a, cpio->filename, cpio->bytes_per_block))
932		lafe_errc(1, archive_errno(a),
933		    "%s", archive_error_string(a));
934	for (;;) {
935		r = archive_read_next_header(a, &entry);
936		if (r == ARCHIVE_EOF)
937			break;
938		if (r != ARCHIVE_OK) {
939			lafe_errc(1, archive_errno(a),
940			    "%s", archive_error_string(a));
941		}
942		if (lafe_excluded(cpio->matching, archive_entry_pathname(entry)))
943			continue;
944		if (cpio->verbose)
945			list_item_verbose(cpio, entry);
946		else
947			fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", archive_entry_pathname(entry));
948	}
949	r = archive_read_close(a);
950	if (r != ARCHIVE_OK)
951		lafe_errc(1, 0, "%s", archive_error_string(a));
952	if (!cpio->quiet) {
953		int64_t blocks = (archive_position_uncompressed(a) + 511)
954			      / 512;
955		fprintf(stderr, "%lu %s\n", (unsigned long)blocks,
956		    blocks == 1 ? "block" : "blocks");
957	}
958	archive_read_finish(a);
959	exit(0);
960}
961
962/*
963 * Display information about the current file.
964 *
965 * The format here roughly duplicates the output of 'ls -l'.
966 * This is based on SUSv2, where 'tar tv' is documented as
967 * listing additional information in an "unspecified format,"
968 * and 'pax -l' is documented as using the same format as 'ls -l'.
969 */
970static void
971list_item_verbose(struct cpio *cpio, struct archive_entry *entry)
972{
973	char			 size[32];
974	char			 date[32];
975	char			 uids[16], gids[16];
976	const char 		*uname, *gname;
977	FILE			*out = stdout;
978	const char		*fmt;
979	time_t			 mtime;
980	static time_t		 now;
981
982	if (!now)
983		time(&now);
984
985	if (cpio->option_numeric_uid_gid) {
986		/* Format numeric uid/gid for display. */
987		strcpy(uids, cpio_i64toa(archive_entry_uid(entry)));
988		uname = uids;
989		strcpy(gids, cpio_i64toa(archive_entry_gid(entry)));
990		gname = gids;
991	} else {
992		/* Use uname if it's present, else lookup name from uid. */
993		uname = archive_entry_uname(entry);
994		if (uname == NULL)
995			uname = lookup_uname(cpio, archive_entry_uid(entry));
996		/* Use gname if it's present, else lookup name from gid. */
997		gname = archive_entry_gname(entry);
998		if (gname == NULL)
999			gname = lookup_gname(cpio, archive_entry_gid(entry));
1000	}
1001
1002	/* Print device number or file size. */
1003	if (archive_entry_filetype(entry) == AE_IFCHR
1004	    || archive_entry_filetype(entry) == AE_IFBLK) {
1005		snprintf(size, sizeof(size), "%lu,%lu",
1006		    (unsigned long)archive_entry_rdevmajor(entry),
1007		    (unsigned long)archive_entry_rdevminor(entry));
1008	} else {
1009		strcpy(size, cpio_i64toa(archive_entry_size(entry)));
1010	}
1011
1012	/* Format the time using 'ls -l' conventions. */
1013	mtime = archive_entry_mtime(entry);
1014#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
1015	/* Windows' strftime function does not support %e format. */
1016	if (mtime - now > 365*86400/2
1017		|| mtime - now < -365*86400/2)
1018		fmt = cpio->day_first ? "%d %b  %Y" : "%b %d  %Y";
1019	else
1020		fmt = cpio->day_first ? "%d %b %H:%M" : "%b %d %H:%M";
1021#else
1022	if (abs(mtime - now) > (365/2)*86400)
1023		fmt = cpio->day_first ? "%e %b  %Y" : "%b %e  %Y";
1024	else
1025		fmt = cpio->day_first ? "%e %b %H:%M" : "%b %e %H:%M";
1026#endif
1027	strftime(date, sizeof(date), fmt, localtime(&mtime));
1028
1029	fprintf(out, "%s%3d %-8s %-8s %8s %12s %s",
1030	    archive_entry_strmode(entry),
1031	    archive_entry_nlink(entry),
1032	    uname, gname, size, date,
1033	    archive_entry_pathname(entry));
1034
1035	/* Extra information for links. */
1036	if (archive_entry_hardlink(entry)) /* Hard link */
1037		fprintf(out, " link to %s", archive_entry_hardlink(entry));
1038	else if (archive_entry_symlink(entry)) /* Symbolic link */
1039		fprintf(out, " -> %s", archive_entry_symlink(entry));
1040	fprintf(out, "\n");
1041}
1042
1043static void
1044mode_pass(struct cpio *cpio, const char *destdir)
1045{
1046	struct lafe_line_reader *lr;
1047	const char *p;
1048	int r;
1049
1050	/* Ensure target dir has a trailing '/' to simplify path surgery. */
1051	cpio->destdir = malloc(strlen(destdir) + 8);
1052	strcpy(cpio->destdir, destdir);
1053	if (destdir[strlen(destdir) - 1] != '/')
1054		strcat(cpio->destdir, "/");
1055
1056	cpio->archive = archive_write_disk_new();
1057	if (cpio->archive == NULL)
1058		lafe_errc(1, 0, "Failed to allocate archive object");
1059	r = archive_write_disk_set_options(cpio->archive, cpio->extract_flags);
1060	if (r != ARCHIVE_OK)
1061		lafe_errc(1, 0, "%s", archive_error_string(cpio->archive));
1062	cpio->linkresolver = archive_entry_linkresolver_new();
1063	archive_write_disk_set_standard_lookup(cpio->archive);
1064
1065	cpio->archive_read_disk = archive_read_disk_new();
1066	if (cpio->archive_read_disk == NULL)
1067		lafe_errc(1, 0, "Failed to allocate archive object");
1068	if (cpio->option_follow_links)
1069		archive_read_disk_set_symlink_logical(cpio->archive_read_disk);
1070	else
1071		archive_read_disk_set_symlink_physical(cpio->archive_read_disk);
1072	archive_read_disk_set_standard_lookup(cpio->archive_read_disk);
1073
1074	lr = lafe_line_reader("-", cpio->option_null);
1075	while ((p = lafe_line_reader_next(lr)) != NULL)
1076		file_to_archive(cpio, p);
1077	lafe_line_reader_free(lr);
1078
1079	archive_entry_linkresolver_free(cpio->linkresolver);
1080	r = archive_write_close(cpio->archive);
1081	if (r != ARCHIVE_OK)
1082		lafe_errc(1, 0, "%s", archive_error_string(cpio->archive));
1083
1084	if (!cpio->quiet) {
1085		int64_t blocks =
1086			(archive_position_uncompressed(cpio->archive) + 511)
1087			/ 512;
1088		fprintf(stderr, "%lu %s\n", (unsigned long)blocks,
1089		    blocks == 1 ? "block" : "blocks");
1090	}
1091
1092	archive_write_finish(cpio->archive);
1093}
1094
1095/*
1096 * Prompt for a new name for this entry.  Returns a pointer to the
1097 * new name or NULL if the entry should not be copied.  This
1098 * implements the semantics defined in POSIX.1-1996, which specifies
1099 * that an input of '.' means the name should be unchanged.  GNU cpio
1100 * treats '.' as a literal new name.
1101 */
1102static const char *
1103cpio_rename(const char *name)
1104{
1105	static char buff[1024];
1106	FILE *t;
1107	char *p, *ret;
1108
1109	t = fopen("/dev/tty", "r+");
1110	if (t == NULL)
1111		return (name);
1112	fprintf(t, "%s (Enter/./(new name))? ", name);
1113	fflush(t);
1114
1115	p = fgets(buff, sizeof(buff), t);
1116	fclose(t);
1117	if (p == NULL)
1118		/* End-of-file is a blank line. */
1119		return (NULL);
1120
1121	while (*p == ' ' || *p == '\t')
1122		++p;
1123	if (*p == '\n' || *p == '\0')
1124		/* Empty line. */
1125		return (NULL);
1126	if (*p == '.' && p[1] == '\n')
1127		/* Single period preserves original name. */
1128		return (name);
1129	ret = p;
1130	/* Trim the final newline. */
1131	while (*p != '\0' && *p != '\n')
1132		++p;
1133	/* Overwrite the final \n with a null character. */
1134	*p = '\0';
1135	return (ret);
1136}
1137
1138static void
1139free_cache(struct name_cache *cache)
1140{
1141	size_t i;
1142
1143	if (cache != NULL) {
1144		for (i = 0; i < cache->size; i++)
1145			free(cache->cache[i].name);
1146		free(cache);
1147	}
1148}
1149
1150/*
1151 * Lookup uname/gname from uid/gid, return NULL if no match.
1152 */
1153static const char *
1154lookup_name(struct cpio *cpio, struct name_cache **name_cache_variable,
1155    int (*lookup_fn)(struct cpio *, const char **, id_t), id_t id)
1156{
1157	char asnum[16];
1158	struct name_cache	*cache;
1159	const char *name;
1160	int slot;
1161
1162
1163	if (*name_cache_variable == NULL) {
1164		*name_cache_variable = malloc(sizeof(struct name_cache));
1165		if (*name_cache_variable == NULL)
1166			lafe_errc(1, ENOMEM, "No more memory");
1167		memset(*name_cache_variable, 0, sizeof(struct name_cache));
1168		(*name_cache_variable)->size = name_cache_size;
1169	}
1170
1171	cache = *name_cache_variable;
1172	cache->probes++;
1173
1174	slot = id % cache->size;
1175	if (cache->cache[slot].name != NULL) {
1176		if (cache->cache[slot].id == id) {
1177			cache->hits++;
1178			return (cache->cache[slot].name);
1179		}
1180		free(cache->cache[slot].name);
1181		cache->cache[slot].name = NULL;
1182	}
1183
1184	if (lookup_fn(cpio, &name, id) == 0) {
1185		if (name == NULL || name[0] == '\0') {
1186			/* If lookup failed, format it as a number. */
1187			snprintf(asnum, sizeof(asnum), "%u", (unsigned)id);
1188			name = asnum;
1189		}
1190		cache->cache[slot].name = strdup(name);
1191		if (cache->cache[slot].name != NULL) {
1192			cache->cache[slot].id = id;
1193			return (cache->cache[slot].name);
1194		}
1195		/*
1196		 * Conveniently, NULL marks an empty slot, so
1197		 * if the strdup() fails, we've just failed to
1198		 * cache it.  No recovery necessary.
1199		 */
1200	}
1201	return (NULL);
1202}
1203
1204static const char *
1205lookup_uname(struct cpio *cpio, uid_t uid)
1206{
1207	return (lookup_name(cpio, &cpio->uname_cache,
1208		    &lookup_uname_helper, (id_t)uid));
1209}
1210
1211static int
1212lookup_uname_helper(struct cpio *cpio, const char **name, id_t id)
1213{
1214	struct passwd	*pwent;
1215
1216	(void)cpio; /* UNUSED */
1217
1218	errno = 0;
1219	pwent = getpwuid((uid_t)id);
1220	if (pwent == NULL) {
1221		*name = NULL;
1222		if (errno != 0 && errno != ENOENT)
1223			lafe_warnc(errno, "getpwuid(%d) failed", id);
1224		return (errno);
1225	}
1226
1227	*name = pwent->pw_name;
1228	return (0);
1229}
1230
1231static const char *
1232lookup_gname(struct cpio *cpio, gid_t gid)
1233{
1234	return (lookup_name(cpio, &cpio->gname_cache,
1235		    &lookup_gname_helper, (id_t)gid));
1236}
1237
1238static int
1239lookup_gname_helper(struct cpio *cpio, const char **name, id_t id)
1240{
1241	struct group	*grent;
1242
1243	(void)cpio; /* UNUSED */
1244
1245	errno = 0;
1246	grent = getgrgid((gid_t)id);
1247	if (grent == NULL) {
1248		*name = NULL;
1249		if (errno != 0)
1250			lafe_warnc(errno, "getgrgid(%d) failed", id);
1251		return (errno);
1252	}
1253
1254	*name = grent->gr_name;
1255	return (0);
1256}
1257
1258/*
1259 * It would be nice to just use printf() for formatting large numbers,
1260 * but the compatibility problems are a big headache.  Hence the
1261 * following simple utility function.
1262 */
1263const char *
1264cpio_i64toa(int64_t n0)
1265{
1266	// 2^64 =~ 1.8 * 10^19, so 20 decimal digits suffice.
1267	// We also need 1 byte for '-' and 1 for '\0'.
1268	static char buff[22];
1269	int64_t n = n0 < 0 ? -n0 : n0;
1270	char *p = buff + sizeof(buff);
1271
1272	*--p = '\0';
1273	do {
1274		*--p = '0' + (int)(n % 10);
1275		n /= 10;
1276	} while (n > 0);
1277	if (n0 < 0)
1278		*--p = '-';
1279	return p;
1280}
1281