1/*-
2 * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993
3 *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
4 *
5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7 * are met:
8 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
14 *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
15 *    without specific prior written permission.
16 *
17 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
18 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
19 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
20 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
21 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
22 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
23 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
24 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
25 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
26 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
27 * SUCH DAMAGE.
28 */
29
30#if 0
31#ifndef lint
32static char const copyright[] =
33"@(#) Copyright (c) 1989, 1993\n\
34	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
35#endif /* not lint */
36
37#ifndef lint
38static char sccsid[] = "@(#)echo.c	8.1 (Berkeley) 5/31/93";
39#endif /* not lint */
40#endif
41#include <sys/cdefs.h>
42__FBSDID("$FreeBSD: stable/11/bin/echo/echo.c 367266 2020-11-02 01:34:58Z lwhsu $");
43
44#include <sys/types.h>
45#include <sys/uio.h>
46
47#include <assert.h>
48#include <capsicum_helpers.h>
49#include <err.h>
50#include <errno.h>
51#include <limits.h>
52#include <stdlib.h>
53#include <string.h>
54#include <unistd.h>
55
56/*
57 * Report an error and exit.
58 * Use it instead of err(3) to avoid linking-in stdio.
59 */
60static __dead2 void
61errexit(const char *prog, const char *reason)
62{
63	char *errstr = strerror(errno);
64	write(STDERR_FILENO, prog, strlen(prog));
65	write(STDERR_FILENO, ": ", 2);
66	write(STDERR_FILENO, reason, strlen(reason));
67	write(STDERR_FILENO, ": ", 2);
68	write(STDERR_FILENO, errstr, strlen(errstr));
69	write(STDERR_FILENO, "\n", 1);
70	exit(1);
71}
72
73int
74main(int argc, char *argv[])
75{
76	int nflag;	/* if not set, output a trailing newline. */
77	int veclen;	/* number of writev arguments. */
78	struct iovec *iov, *vp; /* Elements to write, current element. */
79	char space[] = " ";
80	char newline[] = "\n";
81	char *progname = argv[0];
82
83	if (caph_limit_stdio() < 0 || (cap_enter() < 0 && errno != ENOSYS))
84		err(1, "capsicum");
85
86	/* This utility may NOT do getopt(3) option parsing. */
87	if (*++argv && !strcmp(*argv, "-n")) {
88		++argv;
89		--argc;
90		nflag = 1;
91	} else
92		nflag = 0;
93
94	veclen = (argc >= 2) ? (argc - 2) * 2 + 1 : 0;
95
96	if ((vp = iov = malloc((veclen + 1) * sizeof(struct iovec))) == NULL)
97		errexit(progname, "malloc");
98
99	while (argv[0] != NULL) {
100		size_t len;
101
102		len = strlen(argv[0]);
103
104		/*
105		 * If the next argument is NULL then this is the last argument,
106		 * therefore we need to check for a trailing \c.
107		 */
108		if (argv[1] == NULL) {
109			/* is there room for a '\c' and is there one? */
110			if (len >= 2 &&
111			    argv[0][len - 2] == '\\' &&
112			    argv[0][len - 1] == 'c') {
113				/* chop it and set the no-newline flag. */
114				len -= 2;
115				nflag = 1;
116			}
117		}
118		vp->iov_base = *argv;
119		vp++->iov_len = len;
120		if (*++argv) {
121			vp->iov_base = space;
122			vp++->iov_len = 1;
123		}
124	}
125	if (!nflag) {
126		veclen++;
127		vp->iov_base = newline;
128		vp++->iov_len = 1;
129	}
130	/* assert(veclen == (vp - iov)); */
131	while (veclen) {
132		int nwrite;
133
134		nwrite = (veclen > IOV_MAX) ? IOV_MAX : veclen;
135		if (writev(STDOUT_FILENO, iov, nwrite) == -1)
136			errexit(progname, "write");
137		iov += nwrite;
138		veclen -= nwrite;
139	}
140	return 0;
141}
142