1/*-
2 * Copyright (c) 1990, 1993, 1994
3 *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
4 * Copyright (c) 2002 Networks Associates Technology, Inc.
5 * All rights reserved.
6 *
7 * Portions of this software were developed for the FreeBSD Project by
8 * ThinkSec AS and NAI Labs, the Security Research Division of Network
9 * Associates, Inc.  under DARPA/SPAWAR contract N66001-01-C-8035
10 * ("CBOSS"), as part of the DARPA CHATS research program.
11 *
12 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
13 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
14 * are met:
15 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
16 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
17 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
18 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
19 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
20 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
21 *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
22 *    without specific prior written permission.
23 *
24 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
25 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
26 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
27 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
28 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
29 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
30 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
31 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
32 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
33 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
34 * SUCH DAMAGE.
35 */
36
37#ifndef lint
38#if 0
39static const char sccsid[] = "@(#)pw_util.c	8.3 (Berkeley) 4/2/94";
40#endif
41static const char rcsid[] =
42  "$FreeBSD$";
43#endif /* not lint */
44
45/*
46 * This file is used by all the "password" programs; vipw(8), chpass(1),
47 * and passwd(1).
48 */
49
50#include <sys/param.h>
51#include <sys/errno.h>
52#include <sys/time.h>
53#include <sys/resource.h>
54#include <sys/stat.h>
55#include <sys/wait.h>
56
57#include <ctype.h>
58#include <err.h>
59#include <fcntl.h>
60#include <inttypes.h>
61#include <libgen.h>
62#include <paths.h>
63#include <pwd.h>
64#include <signal.h>
65#include <stdio.h>
66#include <stdlib.h>
67#include <string.h>
68#include <unistd.h>
69
70#include "libutil.h"
71
72static pid_t editpid = -1;
73static int lockfd = -1;
74static char masterpasswd[PATH_MAX];
75static char passwd_dir[PATH_MAX];
76static char tempname[PATH_MAX];
77static int initialized;
78
79#if 0
80void
81pw_cont(int sig)
82{
83
84	if (editpid != -1)
85		kill(editpid, sig);
86}
87#endif
88
89/*
90 * Initialize statics and set limits, signals & umask to try to avoid
91 * interruptions, crashes etc. that might expose passord data.
92 */
93int
94pw_init(const char *dir, const char *master)
95{
96#if 0
97	struct rlimit rlim;
98#endif
99
100	if (dir == NULL) {
101		strcpy(passwd_dir, _PATH_ETC);
102	} else {
103		if (strlen(dir) >= sizeof(passwd_dir)) {
104			errno = ENAMETOOLONG;
105			return (-1);
106		}
107		strcpy(passwd_dir, dir);
108	}
109
110	if (master == NULL) {
111		if (dir == NULL) {
112			strcpy(masterpasswd, _PATH_MASTERPASSWD);
113		} else if (snprintf(masterpasswd, sizeof(masterpasswd), "%s/%s",
114		    passwd_dir, _MASTERPASSWD) > (int)sizeof(masterpasswd)) {
115			errno = ENAMETOOLONG;
116			return (-1);
117		}
118	} else {
119		if (strlen(master) >= sizeof(masterpasswd)) {
120			errno = ENAMETOOLONG;
121			return (-1);
122		}
123		strcpy(masterpasswd, master);
124	}
125
126	/*
127	 * The code that follows is extremely disruptive to the calling
128	 * process, and is therefore disabled until someone can conceive
129	 * of a realistic scenario where it would fend off a compromise.
130	 * Race conditions concerning the temporary files can be guarded
131	 * against in other ways than masking signals (by checking stat(2)
132	 * results after creation).
133	 */
134#if 0
135	/* Unlimited resource limits. */
136	rlim.rlim_cur = rlim.rlim_max = RLIM_INFINITY;
137	(void)setrlimit(RLIMIT_CPU, &rlim);
138	(void)setrlimit(RLIMIT_FSIZE, &rlim);
139	(void)setrlimit(RLIMIT_STACK, &rlim);
140	(void)setrlimit(RLIMIT_DATA, &rlim);
141	(void)setrlimit(RLIMIT_RSS, &rlim);
142
143	/* Don't drop core (not really necessary, but GP's). */
144	rlim.rlim_cur = rlim.rlim_max = 0;
145	(void)setrlimit(RLIMIT_CORE, &rlim);
146
147	/* Turn off signals. */
148	(void)signal(SIGALRM, SIG_IGN);
149	(void)signal(SIGHUP, SIG_IGN);
150	(void)signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
151	(void)signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
152	(void)signal(SIGQUIT, SIG_IGN);
153	(void)signal(SIGTERM, SIG_IGN);
154	(void)signal(SIGCONT, pw_cont);
155
156	/* Create with exact permissions. */
157	(void)umask(0);
158#endif
159	initialized = 1;
160	return (0);
161}
162
163/*
164 * Lock the master password file.
165 */
166int
167pw_lock(void)
168{
169
170	if (*masterpasswd == '\0')
171		return (-1);
172
173	/*
174	 * If the master password file doesn't exist, the system is hosed.
175	 * Might as well try to build one.  Set the close-on-exec bit so
176	 * that users can't get at the encrypted passwords while editing.
177	 * Open should allow flock'ing the file; see 4.4BSD.	XXX
178	 */
179	for (;;) {
180		struct stat st;
181
182		lockfd = flopen(masterpasswd, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC, 0);
183		if (lockfd == -1) {
184			if (errno == EWOULDBLOCK) {
185				errx(1, "the password db file is busy");
186			} else {
187				err(1, "could not lock the passwd file: ");
188			}
189		}
190
191		/*
192		 * If the password file was replaced while we were trying to
193		 * get the lock, our hardlink count will be 0 and we have to
194		 * close and retry.
195		 */
196		if (fstat(lockfd, &st) == -1)
197			err(1, "fstat() failed: ");
198		if (st.st_nlink != 0)
199			break;
200		close(lockfd);
201		lockfd = -1;
202	}
203	return (lockfd);
204}
205
206/*
207 * Create and open a presumably safe temp file for editing the password
208 * data, and copy the master password file into it.
209 */
210int
211pw_tmp(int mfd)
212{
213	char buf[8192];
214	ssize_t nr;
215	const char *p;
216	int tfd;
217
218	if (*masterpasswd == '\0')
219		return (-1);
220	if ((p = strrchr(masterpasswd, '/')))
221		++p;
222	else
223		p = masterpasswd;
224	if (snprintf(tempname, sizeof(tempname), "%.*spw.XXXXXX",
225		(int)(p - masterpasswd), masterpasswd) >= (int)sizeof(tempname)) {
226		errno = ENAMETOOLONG;
227		return (-1);
228	}
229	if ((tfd = mkstemp(tempname)) == -1)
230		return (-1);
231	if (mfd != -1) {
232		while ((nr = read(mfd, buf, sizeof(buf))) > 0)
233			if (write(tfd, buf, (size_t)nr) != nr)
234				break;
235		if (nr != 0) {
236			unlink(tempname);
237			*tempname = '\0';
238			close(tfd);
239			return (-1);
240		}
241	}
242	return (tfd);
243}
244
245/*
246 * Regenerate the password database.
247 */
248int
249pw_mkdb(const char *user)
250{
251	int pstat;
252	pid_t pid;
253
254	(void)fflush(stderr);
255	switch ((pid = fork())) {
256	case -1:
257		return (-1);
258	case 0:
259		/* child */
260		if (user == NULL)
261			execl(_PATH_PWD_MKDB, "pwd_mkdb", "-p",
262			    "-d", passwd_dir, tempname, (char *)NULL);
263		else
264			execl(_PATH_PWD_MKDB, "pwd_mkdb", "-p",
265			    "-d", passwd_dir, "-u", user, tempname,
266			    (char *)NULL);
267		_exit(1);
268		/* NOTREACHED */
269	default:
270		/* parent */
271		break;
272	}
273	if (waitpid(pid, &pstat, 0) == -1)
274		return (-1);
275	if (WIFEXITED(pstat) && WEXITSTATUS(pstat) == 0)
276		return (0);
277	errno = 0;
278	return (-1);
279}
280
281/*
282 * Edit the temp file.  Return -1 on error, >0 if the file was modified, 0
283 * if it was not.
284 */
285int
286pw_edit(int notsetuid)
287{
288	struct sigaction sa, sa_int, sa_quit;
289	sigset_t oldsigset, nsigset;
290	struct stat st1, st2;
291	const char *editor;
292	int pstat;
293
294	if ((editor = getenv("EDITOR")) == NULL)
295		editor = _PATH_VI;
296	if (stat(tempname, &st1) == -1)
297		return (-1);
298	sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
299	sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
300	sa.sa_flags = 0;
301	sigaction(SIGINT, &sa, &sa_int);
302	sigaction(SIGQUIT, &sa, &sa_quit);
303	sigemptyset(&nsigset);
304	sigaddset(&nsigset, SIGCHLD);
305	sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &nsigset, &oldsigset);
306	switch ((editpid = fork())) {
307	case -1:
308		return (-1);
309	case 0:
310		sigaction(SIGINT, &sa_int, NULL);
311		sigaction(SIGQUIT, &sa_quit, NULL);
312		sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &oldsigset, NULL);
313		if (notsetuid) {
314			(void)setgid(getgid());
315			(void)setuid(getuid());
316		}
317		errno = 0;
318		execlp(editor, basename(editor), tempname, (char *)NULL);
319		_exit(errno);
320	default:
321		/* parent */
322		break;
323	}
324	for (;;) {
325		if (waitpid(editpid, &pstat, WUNTRACED) == -1) {
326			if (errno == EINTR)
327				continue;
328			unlink(tempname);
329			editpid = -1;
330			break;
331		} else if (WIFSTOPPED(pstat)) {
332			raise(WSTOPSIG(pstat));
333		} else if (WIFEXITED(pstat) && WEXITSTATUS(pstat) == 0) {
334			editpid = -1;
335			break;
336		} else {
337			unlink(tempname);
338			editpid = -1;
339			break;
340		}
341	}
342	sigaction(SIGINT, &sa_int, NULL);
343	sigaction(SIGQUIT, &sa_quit, NULL);
344	sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &oldsigset, NULL);
345	if (stat(tempname, &st2) == -1)
346		return (-1);
347	return (st1.st_mtim.tv_sec != st2.st_mtim.tv_sec ||
348	    st1.st_mtim.tv_nsec != st2.st_mtim.tv_nsec);
349}
350
351/*
352 * Clean up.  Preserve errno for the caller's convenience.
353 */
354void
355pw_fini(void)
356{
357	int serrno, status;
358
359	if (!initialized)
360		return;
361	initialized = 0;
362	serrno = errno;
363	if (editpid != -1) {
364		kill(editpid, SIGTERM);
365		kill(editpid, SIGCONT);
366		waitpid(editpid, &status, 0);
367		editpid = -1;
368	}
369	if (*tempname != '\0') {
370		unlink(tempname);
371		*tempname = '\0';
372	}
373	if (lockfd != -1)
374		close(lockfd);
375	errno = serrno;
376}
377
378/*
379 * Compares two struct pwds.
380 */
381int
382pw_equal(const struct passwd *pw1, const struct passwd *pw2)
383{
384	return (strcmp(pw1->pw_name, pw2->pw_name) == 0 &&
385	    pw1->pw_uid == pw2->pw_uid &&
386	    pw1->pw_gid == pw2->pw_gid &&
387	    strcmp(pw1->pw_class, pw2->pw_class) == 0 &&
388	    pw1->pw_change == pw2->pw_change &&
389	    pw1->pw_expire == pw2->pw_expire &&
390	    strcmp(pw1->pw_gecos, pw2->pw_gecos) == 0 &&
391	    strcmp(pw1->pw_dir, pw2->pw_dir) == 0 &&
392	    strcmp(pw1->pw_shell, pw2->pw_shell) == 0);
393}
394
395/*
396 * Make a passwd line out of a struct passwd.
397 */
398char *
399pw_make(const struct passwd *pw)
400{
401	char *line;
402
403	asprintf(&line, "%s:%s:%ju:%ju:%s:%ju:%ju:%s:%s:%s", pw->pw_name,
404	    pw->pw_passwd, (uintmax_t)pw->pw_uid, (uintmax_t)pw->pw_gid,
405	    pw->pw_class, (uintmax_t)pw->pw_change, (uintmax_t)pw->pw_expire,
406	    pw->pw_gecos, pw->pw_dir, pw->pw_shell);
407	return (line);
408}
409
410/*
411 * Make a passwd line (in v7 format) out of a struct passwd
412 */
413char *
414pw_make_v7(const struct passwd *pw)
415{
416	char *line;
417
418	asprintf(&line, "%s:*:%ju:%ju:%s:%s:%s", pw->pw_name,
419	    (uintmax_t)pw->pw_uid, (uintmax_t)pw->pw_gid,
420	    pw->pw_gecos, pw->pw_dir, pw->pw_shell);
421	return (line);
422}
423
424/*
425 * Copy password file from one descriptor to another, replacing, deleting
426 * or adding a single record on the way.
427 */
428int
429pw_copy(int ffd, int tfd, const struct passwd *pw, struct passwd *old_pw)
430{
431	char buf[8192], *end, *line, *p, *q, *r, t;
432	struct passwd *fpw;
433	const struct passwd *spw;
434	size_t len;
435	int eof, readlen;
436
437	if (old_pw == NULL && pw == NULL)
438			return (-1);
439
440	spw = old_pw;
441	/* deleting a user */
442	if (pw == NULL) {
443		line = NULL;
444	} else {
445		if ((line = pw_make(pw)) == NULL)
446			return (-1);
447	}
448
449	/* adding a user */
450	if (spw == NULL)
451		spw = pw;
452
453	eof = 0;
454	len = 0;
455	p = q = end = buf;
456	for (;;) {
457		/* find the end of the current line */
458		for (p = q; q < end && *q != '\0'; ++q)
459			if (*q == '\n')
460				break;
461
462		/* if we don't have a complete line, fill up the buffer */
463		if (q >= end) {
464			if (eof)
465				break;
466			if ((size_t)(q - p) >= sizeof(buf)) {
467				warnx("passwd line too long");
468				errno = EINVAL; /* hack */
469				goto err;
470			}
471			if (p < end) {
472				q = memmove(buf, p, end - p);
473				end -= p - buf;
474			} else {
475				p = q = end = buf;
476			}
477			readlen = read(ffd, end, sizeof(buf) - (end - buf));
478			if (readlen == -1)
479				goto err;
480			else
481				len = (size_t)readlen;
482			if (len == 0 && p == buf)
483				break;
484			end += len;
485			len = end - buf;
486			if (len < (ssize_t)sizeof(buf)) {
487				eof = 1;
488				if (len > 0 && buf[len - 1] != '\n')
489					++len, *end++ = '\n';
490			}
491			continue;
492		}
493
494		/* is it a blank line or a comment? */
495		for (r = p; r < q && isspace(*r); ++r)
496			/* nothing */ ;
497		if (r == q || *r == '#') {
498			/* yep */
499			if (write(tfd, p, q - p + 1) != q - p + 1)
500				goto err;
501			++q;
502			continue;
503		}
504
505		/* is it the one we're looking for? */
506
507		t = *q;
508		*q = '\0';
509
510		fpw = pw_scan(r, PWSCAN_MASTER);
511
512		/*
513		 * fpw is either the struct passwd for the current line,
514		 * or NULL if the line is malformed.
515		 */
516
517		*q = t;
518		if (fpw == NULL || strcmp(fpw->pw_name, spw->pw_name) != 0) {
519			/* nope */
520			if (fpw != NULL)
521				free(fpw);
522			if (write(tfd, p, q - p + 1) != q - p + 1)
523				goto err;
524			++q;
525			continue;
526		}
527		if (old_pw && !pw_equal(fpw, old_pw)) {
528			warnx("entry inconsistent");
529			free(fpw);
530			errno = EINVAL; /* hack */
531			goto err;
532		}
533		free(fpw);
534
535		/* it is, replace or remove it */
536		if (line != NULL) {
537			len = strlen(line);
538			if (write(tfd, line, len) != (int)len)
539				goto err;
540		} else {
541			/* when removed, avoid the \n */
542			q++;
543		}
544		/* we're done, just copy the rest over */
545		for (;;) {
546			if (write(tfd, q, end - q) != end - q)
547				goto err;
548			q = buf;
549			readlen = read(ffd, buf, sizeof(buf));
550			if (readlen == 0)
551				break;
552			else
553				len = (size_t)readlen;
554			if (readlen == -1)
555				goto err;
556			end = buf + len;
557		}
558		goto done;
559	}
560
561	/* if we got here, we didn't find the old entry */
562	if (line == NULL) {
563		errno = ENOENT;
564		goto err;
565	}
566	len = strlen(line);
567	if ((size_t)write(tfd, line, len) != len ||
568	    write(tfd, "\n", 1) != 1)
569		goto err;
570 done:
571	if (line != NULL)
572		free(line);
573	return (0);
574 err:
575	if (line != NULL)
576		free(line);
577	return (-1);
578}
579
580/*
581 * Return the current value of tempname.
582 */
583const char *
584pw_tempname(void)
585{
586
587	return (tempname);
588}
589
590/*
591 * Duplicate a struct passwd.
592 */
593struct passwd *
594pw_dup(const struct passwd *pw)
595{
596	char *dst;
597	struct passwd *npw;
598	ssize_t len;
599
600	len = sizeof(*npw);
601	if (pw->pw_name != NULL)
602		len += strlen(pw->pw_name) + 1;
603	if (pw->pw_passwd != NULL)
604		len += strlen(pw->pw_passwd) + 1;
605	if (pw->pw_class != NULL)
606		len += strlen(pw->pw_class) + 1;
607	if (pw->pw_gecos != NULL)
608		len += strlen(pw->pw_gecos) + 1;
609	if (pw->pw_dir != NULL)
610		len += strlen(pw->pw_dir) + 1;
611	if (pw->pw_shell != NULL)
612		len += strlen(pw->pw_shell) + 1;
613	if ((npw = malloc((size_t)len)) == NULL)
614		return (NULL);
615	memcpy(npw, pw, sizeof(*npw));
616	dst = (char *)npw + sizeof(*npw);
617	if (pw->pw_name != NULL) {
618		npw->pw_name = dst;
619		dst = stpcpy(npw->pw_name, pw->pw_name) + 1;
620	}
621	if (pw->pw_passwd != NULL) {
622		npw->pw_passwd = dst;
623		dst = stpcpy(npw->pw_passwd, pw->pw_passwd) + 1;
624	}
625	if (pw->pw_class != NULL) {
626		npw->pw_class = dst;
627		dst = stpcpy(npw->pw_class, pw->pw_class) + 1;
628	}
629	if (pw->pw_gecos != NULL) {
630		npw->pw_gecos = dst;
631		dst = stpcpy(npw->pw_gecos, pw->pw_gecos) + 1;
632	}
633	if (pw->pw_dir != NULL) {
634		npw->pw_dir = dst;
635		dst = stpcpy(npw->pw_dir, pw->pw_dir) + 1;
636	}
637	if (pw->pw_shell != NULL) {
638		npw->pw_shell = dst;
639		dst = stpcpy(npw->pw_shell, pw->pw_shell) + 1;
640	}
641	return (npw);
642}
643
644#include "pw_scan.h"
645
646/*
647 * Wrapper around an internal libc function
648 */
649struct passwd *
650pw_scan(const char *line, int flags)
651{
652	struct passwd pw, *ret;
653	char *bp;
654
655	if ((bp = strdup(line)) == NULL)
656		return (NULL);
657	if (!__pw_scan(bp, &pw, flags)) {
658		free(bp);
659		return (NULL);
660	}
661	ret = pw_dup(&pw);
662	free(bp);
663	return (ret);
664}
665