xref: /freebsd-10.0-release/sbin/ipfw/ipfw2.c

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Luigi Rizzo
 * Copyright (c) 1996 Alex Nash, Paul Traina, Poul-Henning Kamp
 * Copyright (c) 1994 Ugen J.S.Antsilevich
 *
 * Idea and grammar partially left from:
 * Copyright (c) 1993 Daniel Boulet
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source forms, with and without modification,
 * are permitted provided that this entire comment appears intact.
 *
 * Redistribution in binary form may occur without any restrictions.
 * Obviously, it would be nice if you gave credit where credit is due
 * but requiring it would be too onerous.
 *
 * This software is provided ``AS IS'' without any warranties of any kind.
 *
 * NEW command line interface for IP firewall facility
 *
 * $FreeBSD$
 */

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/sockio.h>
#include <sys/sysctl.h>

#include "ipfw2.h"

#include <ctype.h>
#include <err.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <grp.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <pwd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sysexits.h>
#include <time.h>	/* ctime */
#include <timeconv.h>	/* _long_to_time */
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stddef.h>	/* offsetof */

#include <net/ethernet.h>
#include <net/if.h>		/* only IFNAMSIZ */
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/in_systm.h>	/* only n_short, n_long */
#include <netinet/ip.h>
#include <netinet/ip_icmp.h>
#include <netinet/ip_fw.h>
#include <netinet/tcp.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>

struct cmdline_opts co;	/* global options */

int resvd_set_number = RESVD_SET;

int ipfw_socket = -1;

#ifndef s6_addr32
#define s6_addr32 __u6_addr.__u6_addr32
#endif

#define	CHECK_LENGTH(v, len) do {				\
	if ((v) < (len))					\
		errx(EX_DATAERR, "Rule too long");		\
	} while (0)
/*
 * Check if we have enough space in cmd buffer. Note that since
 * first 8? u32 words are reserved by reserved header, full cmd
 * buffer can't be used, so we need to protect from buffer overrun
 * only. At the beginnig, cblen is less than actual buffer size by
 * size of ipfw_insn_u32 instruction + 1 u32 work. This eliminates need
 * for checking small instructions fitting in given range.
 * We also (ab)use the fact that ipfw_insn is always the first field
 * for any custom instruction.
 */
#define	CHECK_CMDLEN	CHECK_LENGTH(cblen, F_LEN((ipfw_insn *)cmd))

#define GET_UINT_ARG(arg, min, max, tok, s_x) do {			\
	if (!av[0])							\
		errx(EX_USAGE, "%s: missing argument", match_value(s_x, tok)); \
	if (_substrcmp(*av, "tablearg") == 0) {				\
		arg = IP_FW_TABLEARG;					\
		break;							\
	}								\
									\
	{								\
	long _xval;							\
	char *end;							\
									\
	_xval = strtol(*av, &end, 10);					\
									\
	if (!isdigit(**av) || *end != '\0' || (_xval == 0 && errno == EINVAL)) \
		errx(EX_DATAERR, "%s: invalid argument: %s",		\
		    match_value(s_x, tok), *av);			\
									\
	if (errno == ERANGE || _xval < min || _xval > max)		\
		errx(EX_DATAERR, "%s: argument is out of range (%u..%u): %s", \
		    match_value(s_x, tok), min, max, *av);		\
									\
	if (_xval == IP_FW_TABLEARG)					\
		errx(EX_DATAERR, "%s: illegal argument value: %s",	\
		    match_value(s_x, tok), *av);			\
	arg = _xval;							\
	}								\
} while (0)

static void
PRINT_UINT_ARG(const char *str, uint32_t arg)
{
	if (str != NULL)
		printf("%s",str);
	if (arg == IP_FW_TABLEARG)
		printf("tablearg");
	else
		printf("%u", arg);
}

static struct _s_x f_tcpflags[] = {
	{ "syn", TH_SYN },
	{ "fin", TH_FIN },
	{ "ack", TH_ACK },
	{ "psh", TH_PUSH },
	{ "rst", TH_RST },
	{ "urg", TH_URG },
	{ "tcp flag", 0 },
	{ NULL,	0 }
};

static struct _s_x f_tcpopts[] = {
	{ "mss",	IP_FW_TCPOPT_MSS },
	{ "maxseg",	IP_FW_TCPOPT_MSS },
	{ "window",	IP_FW_TCPOPT_WINDOW },
	{ "sack",	IP_FW_TCPOPT_SACK },
	{ "ts",		IP_FW_TCPOPT_TS },
	{ "timestamp",	IP_FW_TCPOPT_TS },
	{ "cc",		IP_FW_TCPOPT_CC },
	{ "tcp option",	0 },
	{ NULL,	0 }
};

/*
 * IP options span the range 0 to 255 so we need to remap them
 * (though in fact only the low 5 bits are significant).
 */
static struct _s_x f_ipopts[] = {
	{ "ssrr",	IP_FW_IPOPT_SSRR},
	{ "lsrr",	IP_FW_IPOPT_LSRR},
	{ "rr",		IP_FW_IPOPT_RR},
	{ "ts",		IP_FW_IPOPT_TS},
	{ "ip option",	0 },
	{ NULL,	0 }
};

static struct _s_x f_iptos[] = {
	{ "lowdelay",	IPTOS_LOWDELAY},
	{ "throughput",	IPTOS_THROUGHPUT},
	{ "reliability", IPTOS_RELIABILITY},
	{ "mincost",	IPTOS_MINCOST},
	{ "congestion",	IPTOS_ECN_CE},
	{ "ecntransport", IPTOS_ECN_ECT0},
	{ "ip tos option", 0},
	{ NULL,	0 }
};

static struct _s_x f_ipdscp[] = {
	{ "af11", IPTOS_DSCP_AF11 >> 2 },	/* 001010 */
	{ "af12", IPTOS_DSCP_AF12 >> 2 },	/* 001100 */
	{ "af13", IPTOS_DSCP_AF13 >> 2 },	/* 001110 */
	{ "af21", IPTOS_DSCP_AF21 >> 2 },	/* 010010 */
	{ "af22", IPTOS_DSCP_AF22 >> 2 },	/* 010100 */
	{ "af23", IPTOS_DSCP_AF23 >> 2 },	/* 010110 */
	{ "af31", IPTOS_DSCP_AF31 >> 2 },	/* 011010 */
	{ "af32", IPTOS_DSCP_AF32 >> 2 },	/* 011100 */
	{ "af33", IPTOS_DSCP_AF33 >> 2 },	/* 011110 */
	{ "af41", IPTOS_DSCP_AF41 >> 2 },	/* 100010 */
	{ "af42", IPTOS_DSCP_AF42 >> 2 },	/* 100100 */
	{ "af43", IPTOS_DSCP_AF43 >> 2 },	/* 100110 */
	{ "be", IPTOS_DSCP_CS0 >> 2 }, 	/* 000000 */
	{ "ef", IPTOS_DSCP_EF >> 2 },	/* 101110 */
	{ "cs0", IPTOS_DSCP_CS0 >> 2 },	/* 000000 */
	{ "cs1", IPTOS_DSCP_CS1 >> 2 },	/* 001000 */
	{ "cs2", IPTOS_DSCP_CS2 >> 2 },	/* 010000 */
	{ "cs3", IPTOS_DSCP_CS3 >> 2 },	/* 011000 */
	{ "cs4", IPTOS_DSCP_CS4 >> 2 },	/* 100000 */
	{ "cs5", IPTOS_DSCP_CS5 >> 2 },	/* 101000 */
	{ "cs6", IPTOS_DSCP_CS6 >> 2 },	/* 110000 */
	{ "cs7", IPTOS_DSCP_CS7 >> 2 },	/* 100000 */
	{ NULL, 0 }
};

static struct _s_x limit_masks[] = {
	{"all",		DYN_SRC_ADDR|DYN_SRC_PORT|DYN_DST_ADDR|DYN_DST_PORT},
	{"src-addr",	DYN_SRC_ADDR},
	{"src-port",	DYN_SRC_PORT},
	{"dst-addr",	DYN_DST_ADDR},
	{"dst-port",	DYN_DST_PORT},
	{NULL,		0}
};

/*
 * we use IPPROTO_ETHERTYPE as a fake protocol id to call the print routines
 * This is only used in this code.
 */
#define IPPROTO_ETHERTYPE	0x1000
static struct _s_x ether_types[] = {
    /*
     * Note, we cannot use "-:&/" in the names because they are field
     * separators in the type specifications. Also, we use s = NULL as
     * end-delimiter, because a type of 0 can be legal.
     */
	{ "ip",		0x0800 },
	{ "ipv4",	0x0800 },
	{ "ipv6",	0x86dd },
	{ "arp",	0x0806 },
	{ "rarp",	0x8035 },
	{ "vlan",	0x8100 },
	{ "loop",	0x9000 },
	{ "trail",	0x1000 },
	{ "at",		0x809b },
	{ "atalk",	0x809b },
	{ "aarp",	0x80f3 },
	{ "pppoe_disc",	0x8863 },
	{ "pppoe_sess",	0x8864 },
	{ "ipx_8022",	0x00E0 },
	{ "ipx_8023",	0x0000 },
	{ "ipx_ii",	0x8137 },
	{ "ipx_snap",	0x8137 },
	{ "ipx",	0x8137 },
	{ "ns",		0x0600 },
	{ NULL,		0 }
};


static struct _s_x rule_actions[] = {
	{ "accept",		TOK_ACCEPT },
	{ "pass",		TOK_ACCEPT },
	{ "allow",		TOK_ACCEPT },
	{ "permit",		TOK_ACCEPT },
	{ "count",		TOK_COUNT },
	{ "pipe",		TOK_PIPE },
	{ "queue",		TOK_QUEUE },
	{ "divert",		TOK_DIVERT },
	{ "tee",		TOK_TEE },
	{ "netgraph",		TOK_NETGRAPH },
	{ "ngtee",		TOK_NGTEE },
	{ "fwd",		TOK_FORWARD },
	{ "forward",		TOK_FORWARD },
	{ "skipto",		TOK_SKIPTO },
	{ "deny",		TOK_DENY },
	{ "drop",		TOK_DENY },
	{ "reject",		TOK_REJECT },
	{ "reset6",		TOK_RESET6 },
	{ "reset",		TOK_RESET },
	{ "unreach6",		TOK_UNREACH6 },
	{ "unreach",		TOK_UNREACH },
	{ "check-state",	TOK_CHECKSTATE },
	{ "//",			TOK_COMMENT },
	{ "nat",		TOK_NAT },
	{ "reass",		TOK_REASS },
	{ "setfib",		TOK_SETFIB },
	{ "setdscp",		TOK_SETDSCP },
	{ "call",		TOK_CALL },
	{ "return",		TOK_RETURN },
	{ NULL, 0 }	/* terminator */
};

static struct _s_x rule_action_params[] = {
	{ "altq",		TOK_ALTQ },
	{ "log",		TOK_LOG },
	{ "tag",		TOK_TAG },
	{ "untag",		TOK_UNTAG },
	{ NULL, 0 }	/* terminator */
};

/*
 * The 'lookup' instruction accepts one of the following arguments.
 * -1 is a terminator for the list.
 * Arguments are passed as v[1] in O_DST_LOOKUP options.
 */
static int lookup_key[] = {
	TOK_DSTIP, TOK_SRCIP, TOK_DSTPORT, TOK_SRCPORT,
	TOK_UID, TOK_JAIL, TOK_DSCP, -1 };

static struct _s_x rule_options[] = {
	{ "tagged",		TOK_TAGGED },
	{ "uid",		TOK_UID },
	{ "gid",		TOK_GID },
	{ "jail",		TOK_JAIL },
	{ "in",			TOK_IN },
	{ "limit",		TOK_LIMIT },
	{ "keep-state",		TOK_KEEPSTATE },
	{ "bridged",		TOK_LAYER2 },
	{ "layer2",		TOK_LAYER2 },
	{ "out",		TOK_OUT },
	{ "diverted",		TOK_DIVERTED },
	{ "diverted-loopback",	TOK_DIVERTEDLOOPBACK },
	{ "diverted-output",	TOK_DIVERTEDOUTPUT },
	{ "xmit",		TOK_XMIT },
	{ "recv",		TOK_RECV },
	{ "via",		TOK_VIA },
	{ "fragment",		TOK_FRAG },
	{ "frag",		TOK_FRAG },
	{ "fib",		TOK_FIB },
	{ "ipoptions",		TOK_IPOPTS },
	{ "ipopts",		TOK_IPOPTS },
	{ "iplen",		TOK_IPLEN },
	{ "ipid",		TOK_IPID },
	{ "ipprecedence",	TOK_IPPRECEDENCE },
	{ "dscp",		TOK_DSCP },
	{ "iptos",		TOK_IPTOS },
	{ "ipttl",		TOK_IPTTL },
	{ "ipversion",		TOK_IPVER },
	{ "ipver",		TOK_IPVER },
	{ "estab",		TOK_ESTAB },
	{ "established",	TOK_ESTAB },
	{ "setup",		TOK_SETUP },
	{ "sockarg",		TOK_SOCKARG },
	{ "tcpdatalen",		TOK_TCPDATALEN },
	{ "tcpflags",		TOK_TCPFLAGS },
	{ "tcpflgs",		TOK_TCPFLAGS },
	{ "tcpoptions",		TOK_TCPOPTS },
	{ "tcpopts",		TOK_TCPOPTS },
	{ "tcpseq",		TOK_TCPSEQ },
	{ "tcpack",		TOK_TCPACK },
	{ "tcpwin",		TOK_TCPWIN },
	{ "icmptype",		TOK_ICMPTYPES },
	{ "icmptypes",		TOK_ICMPTYPES },
	{ "dst-ip",		TOK_DSTIP },
	{ "src-ip",		TOK_SRCIP },
	{ "dst-port",		TOK_DSTPORT },
	{ "src-port",		TOK_SRCPORT },
	{ "proto",		TOK_PROTO },
	{ "MAC",		TOK_MAC },
	{ "mac",		TOK_MAC },
	{ "mac-type",		TOK_MACTYPE },
	{ "verrevpath",		TOK_VERREVPATH },
	{ "versrcreach",	TOK_VERSRCREACH },
	{ "antispoof",		TOK_ANTISPOOF },
	{ "ipsec",		TOK_IPSEC },
	{ "icmp6type",		TOK_ICMP6TYPES },
	{ "icmp6types",		TOK_ICMP6TYPES },
	{ "ext6hdr",		TOK_EXT6HDR},
	{ "flow-id",		TOK_FLOWID},
	{ "ipv6",		TOK_IPV6},
	{ "ip6",		TOK_IPV6},
	{ "ipv4",		TOK_IPV4},
	{ "ip4",		TOK_IPV4},
	{ "dst-ipv6",		TOK_DSTIP6},
	{ "dst-ip6",		TOK_DSTIP6},
	{ "src-ipv6",		TOK_SRCIP6},
	{ "src-ip6",		TOK_SRCIP6},
	{ "lookup",		TOK_LOOKUP},
	{ "//",			TOK_COMMENT },

	{ "not",		TOK_NOT },		/* pseudo option */
	{ "!", /* escape ? */	TOK_NOT },		/* pseudo option */
	{ "or",			TOK_OR },		/* pseudo option */
	{ "|", /* escape */	TOK_OR },		/* pseudo option */
	{ "{",			TOK_STARTBRACE },	/* pseudo option */
	{ "(",			TOK_STARTBRACE },	/* pseudo option */
	{ "}",			TOK_ENDBRACE },		/* pseudo option */
	{ ")",			TOK_ENDBRACE },		/* pseudo option */
	{ NULL, 0 }	/* terminator */
};

/*
 * Helper routine to print a possibly unaligned uint64_t on
 * various platform. If width > 0, print the value with
 * the desired width, followed by a space;
 * otherwise, return the required width.
 */
int
pr_u64(uint64_t *pd, int width)
{
#ifdef TCC
#define U64_FMT "I64"
#else
#define U64_FMT "llu"
#endif
	uint64_t u;
	unsigned long long d;

	bcopy (pd, &u, sizeof(u));
	d = u;
	return (width > 0) ?
		printf("%*" U64_FMT " ", width, d) :
		snprintf(NULL, 0, "%" U64_FMT, d) ;
#undef U64_FMT
}

void *
safe_calloc(size_t number, size_t size)
{
	void *ret = calloc(number, size);

	if (ret == NULL)
		err(EX_OSERR, "calloc");
	return ret;
}

void *
safe_realloc(void *ptr, size_t size)
{
	void *ret = realloc(ptr, size);

	if (ret == NULL)
		err(EX_OSERR, "realloc");
	return ret;
}

/*
 * conditionally runs the command.
 * Selected options or negative -> getsockopt
 */
int
do_cmd(int optname, void *optval, uintptr_t optlen)
{
	int i;

	if (co.test_only)
		return 0;

	if (ipfw_socket == -1)
		ipfw_socket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_RAW);
	if (ipfw_socket < 0)
		err(EX_UNAVAILABLE, "socket");

	if (optname == IP_FW_GET || optname == IP_DUMMYNET_GET ||
	    optname == IP_FW_ADD || optname == IP_FW3 ||
	    optname == IP_FW_NAT_GET_CONFIG ||
	    optname < 0 ||
	    optname == IP_FW_NAT_GET_LOG) {
		if (optname < 0)
			optname = -optname;
		i = getsockopt(ipfw_socket, IPPROTO_IP, optname, optval,
			(socklen_t *)optlen);
	} else {
		i = setsockopt(ipfw_socket, IPPROTO_IP, optname, optval, optlen);
	}
	return i;
}

/*
 * do_setcmd3 - pass ipfw control cmd to kernel
 * @optname: option name
 * @optval: pointer to option data
 * @optlen: option length
 *
 * Function encapsulates option value in IP_FW3 socket option
 * and calls setsockopt().
 * Function returns 0 on success or -1 otherwise.
 */
static int
do_setcmd3(int optname, void *optval, socklen_t optlen)
{
	socklen_t len;
	ip_fw3_opheader *op3;

	if (co.test_only)
		return (0);

	if (ipfw_socket == -1)
		ipfw_socket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_RAW);
	if (ipfw_socket < 0)
		err(EX_UNAVAILABLE, "socket");

	len = sizeof(ip_fw3_opheader) + optlen;
	op3 = alloca(len);
	/* Zero reserved fields */
	memset(op3, 0, sizeof(ip_fw3_opheader));
	memcpy(op3 + 1, optval, optlen);
	op3->opcode = optname;

	return setsockopt(ipfw_socket, IPPROTO_IP, IP_FW3, op3, len);
}

/**
 * match_token takes a table and a string, returns the value associated
 * with the string (-1 in case of failure).
 */
int
match_token(struct _s_x *table, char *string)
{
	struct _s_x *pt;
	uint i = strlen(string);

	for (pt = table ; i && pt->s != NULL ; pt++)
		if (strlen(pt->s) == i && !bcmp(string, pt->s, i))
			return pt->x;
	return -1;
}

/**
 * match_value takes a table and a value, returns the string associated
 * with the value (NULL in case of failure).
 */
char const *
match_value(struct _s_x *p, int value)
{
	for (; p->s != NULL; p++)
		if (p->x == value)
			return p->s;
	return NULL;
}

/*
 * _substrcmp takes two strings and returns 1 if they do not match,
 * and 0 if they match exactly or the first string is a sub-string
 * of the second.  A warning is printed to stderr in the case that the
 * first string is a sub-string of the second.
 *
 * This function will be removed in the future through the usual
 * deprecation process.
 */
int
_substrcmp(const char *str1, const char* str2)
{

	if (strncmp(str1, str2, strlen(str1)) != 0)
		return 1;

	if (strlen(str1) != strlen(str2))
		warnx("DEPRECATED: '%s' matched '%s' as a sub-string",
		    str1, str2);
	return 0;
}

/*
 * _substrcmp2 takes three strings and returns 1 if the first two do not match,
 * and 0 if they match exactly or the second string is a sub-string
 * of the first.  A warning is printed to stderr in the case that the
 * first string does not match the third.
 *
 * This function exists to warn about the bizarre construction
 * strncmp(str, "by", 2) which is used to allow people to use a shortcut
 * for "bytes".  The problem is that in addition to accepting "by",
 * "byt", "byte", and "bytes", it also excepts "by_rabid_dogs" and any
 * other string beginning with "by".
 *
 * This function will be removed in the future through the usual
 * deprecation process.
 */
int
_substrcmp2(const char *str1, const char* str2, const char* str3)
{

	if (strncmp(str1, str2, strlen(str2)) != 0)
		return 1;

	if (strcmp(str1, str3) != 0)
		warnx("DEPRECATED: '%s' matched '%s'",
		    str1, str3);
	return 0;
}

/*
 * prints one port, symbolic or numeric
 */
static void
print_port(int proto, uint16_t port)
{

	if (proto == IPPROTO_ETHERTYPE) {
		char const *s;

		if (co.do_resolv && (s = match_value(ether_types, port)) )
			printf("%s", s);
		else
			printf("0x%04x", port);
	} else {
		struct servent *se = NULL;
		if (co.do_resolv) {
			struct protoent *pe = getprotobynumber(proto);

			se = getservbyport(htons(port), pe ? pe->p_name : NULL);
		}
		if (se)
			printf("%s", se->s_name);
		else
			printf("%d", port);
	}
}

static struct _s_x _port_name[] = {
	{"dst-port",	O_IP_DSTPORT},
	{"src-port",	O_IP_SRCPORT},
	{"ipid",	O_IPID},
	{"iplen",	O_IPLEN},
	{"ipttl",	O_IPTTL},
	{"mac-type",	O_MAC_TYPE},
	{"tcpdatalen",	O_TCPDATALEN},
	{"tcpwin",	O_TCPWIN},
	{"tagged",	O_TAGGED},
	{NULL,		0}
};

/*
 * Print the values in a list 16-bit items of the types above.
 * XXX todo: add support for mask.
 */
static void
print_newports(ipfw_insn_u16 *cmd, int proto, int opcode)
{
	uint16_t *p = cmd->ports;
	int i;
	char const *sep;

	if (opcode != 0) {
		sep = match_value(_port_name, opcode);
		if (sep == NULL)
			sep = "???";
		printf (" %s", sep);
	}
	sep = " ";
	for (i = F_LEN((ipfw_insn *)cmd) - 1; i > 0; i--, p += 2) {
		printf("%s", sep);
		print_port(proto, p[0]);
		if (p[0] != p[1]) {
			printf("-");
			print_port(proto, p[1]);
		}
		sep = ",";
	}
}

/*
 * Like strtol, but also translates service names into port numbers
 * for some protocols.
 * In particular:
 *	proto == -1 disables the protocol check;
 *	proto == IPPROTO_ETHERTYPE looks up an internal table
 *	proto == <some value in /etc/protocols> matches the values there.
 * Returns *end == s in case the parameter is not found.
 */
static int
strtoport(char *s, char **end, int base, int proto)
{
	char *p, *buf;
	char *s1;
	int i;

	*end = s;		/* default - not found */
	if (*s == '\0')
		return 0;	/* not found */

	if (isdigit(*s))
		return strtol(s, end, base);

	/*
	 * find separator. '\\' escapes the next char.
	 */
	for (s1 = s; *s1 && (isalnum(*s1) || *s1 == '\\') ; s1++)
		if (*s1 == '\\' && s1[1] != '\0')
			s1++;

	buf = safe_calloc(s1 - s + 1, 1);

	/*
	 * copy into a buffer skipping backslashes
	 */
	for (p = s, i = 0; p != s1 ; p++)
		if (*p != '\\')
			buf[i++] = *p;
	buf[i++] = '\0';

	if (proto == IPPROTO_ETHERTYPE) {
		i = match_token(ether_types, buf);
		free(buf);
		if (i != -1) {	/* found */
			*end = s1;
			return i;
		}
	} else {
		struct protoent *pe = NULL;
		struct servent *se;

		if (proto != 0)
			pe = getprotobynumber(proto);
		setservent(1);
		se = getservbyname(buf, pe ? pe->p_name : NULL);
		free(buf);
		if (se != NULL) {
			*end = s1;
			return ntohs(se->s_port);
		}
	}
	return 0;	/* not found */
}

/*
 * Fill the body of the command with the list of port ranges.
 */
static int
fill_newports(ipfw_insn_u16 *cmd, char *av, int proto, int cblen)
{
	uint16_t a, b, *p = cmd->ports;
	int i = 0;
	char *s = av;

	while (*s) {
		a = strtoport(av, &s, 0, proto);
		if (s == av) 			/* empty or invalid argument */
			return (0);

		CHECK_LENGTH(cblen, i + 2);

		switch (*s) {
		case '-':			/* a range */
			av = s + 1;
			b = strtoport(av, &s, 0, proto);
			/* Reject expressions like '1-abc' or '1-2-3'. */
			if (s == av || (*s != ',' && *s != '\0'))
				return (0);
			p[0] = a;
			p[1] = b;
			break;
		case ',':			/* comma separated list */
		case '\0':
			p[0] = p[1] = a;
			break;
		default:
			warnx("port list: invalid separator <%c> in <%s>",
				*s, av);
			return (0);
		}

		i++;
		p += 2;
		av = s + 1;
	}
	if (i > 0) {
		if (i + 1 > F_LEN_MASK)
			errx(EX_DATAERR, "too many ports/ranges\n");
		cmd->o.len |= i + 1;	/* leave F_NOT and F_OR untouched */
	}
	return (i);
}

/*
 * Fill the body of the command with the list of DiffServ codepoints.
 */
static void
fill_dscp(ipfw_insn *cmd, char *av, int cblen)
{
	uint32_t *low, *high;
	char *s = av, *a;
	int code;

	cmd->opcode = O_DSCP;
	cmd->len |= F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_u32) + 1;

	CHECK_CMDLEN;

	low = (uint32_t *)(cmd + 1);
	high = low + 1;

	*low = 0;
	*high = 0;

	while (s != NULL) {
		a = strchr(s, ',');

		if (a != NULL)
			*a++ = '\0';

		if (isalpha(*s)) {
			if ((code = match_token(f_ipdscp, s)) == -1)
				errx(EX_DATAERR, "Unknown DSCP code");
		} else {
			code = strtoul(s, NULL, 10);
			if (code < 0 || code > 63)
				errx(EX_DATAERR, "Invalid DSCP value");
		}

		if (code > 32)
			*high |= 1 << (code - 32);
		else
			*low |= 1 << code;

		s = a;
	}
}

static struct _s_x icmpcodes[] = {
      { "net",			ICMP_UNREACH_NET },
      { "host",			ICMP_UNREACH_HOST },
      { "protocol",		ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL },
      { "port",			ICMP_UNREACH_PORT },
      { "needfrag",		ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG },
      { "srcfail",		ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL },
      { "net-unknown",		ICMP_UNREACH_NET_UNKNOWN },
      { "host-unknown",		ICMP_UNREACH_HOST_UNKNOWN },
      { "isolated",		ICMP_UNREACH_ISOLATED },
      { "net-prohib",		ICMP_UNREACH_NET_PROHIB },
      { "host-prohib",		ICMP_UNREACH_HOST_PROHIB },
      { "tosnet",		ICMP_UNREACH_TOSNET },
      { "toshost",		ICMP_UNREACH_TOSHOST },
      { "filter-prohib",	ICMP_UNREACH_FILTER_PROHIB },
      { "host-precedence",	ICMP_UNREACH_HOST_PRECEDENCE },
      { "precedence-cutoff",	ICMP_UNREACH_PRECEDENCE_CUTOFF },
      { NULL, 0 }
};

static void
fill_reject_code(u_short *codep, char *str)
{
	int val;
	char *s;

	val = strtoul(str, &s, 0);
	if (s == str || *s != '\0' || val >= 0x100)
		val = match_token(icmpcodes, str);
	if (val < 0)
		errx(EX_DATAERR, "unknown ICMP unreachable code ``%s''", str);
	*codep = val;
	return;
}

static void
print_reject_code(uint16_t code)
{
	char const *s = match_value(icmpcodes, code);

	if (s != NULL)
		printf("unreach %s", s);
	else
		printf("unreach %u", code);
}

/*
 * Returns the number of bits set (from left) in a contiguous bitmask,
 * or -1 if the mask is not contiguous.
 * XXX this needs a proper fix.
 * This effectively works on masks in big-endian (network) format.
 * when compiled on little endian architectures.
 *
 * First bit is bit 7 of the first byte -- note, for MAC addresses,
 * the first bit on the wire is bit 0 of the first byte.
 * len is the max length in bits.
 */
int
contigmask(uint8_t *p, int len)
{
	int i, n;

	for (i=0; i<len ; i++)
		if ( (p[i/8] & (1 << (7 - (i%8)))) == 0) /* first bit unset */
			break;
	for (n=i+1; n < len; n++)
		if ( (p[n/8] & (1 << (7 - (n%8)))) != 0)
			return -1; /* mask not contiguous */
	return i;
}

/*
 * print flags set/clear in the two bitmasks passed as parameters.
 * There is a specialized check for f_tcpflags.
 */
static void
print_flags(char const *name, ipfw_insn *cmd, struct _s_x *list)
{
	char const *comma = "";
	int i;
	uint8_t set = cmd->arg1 & 0xff;
	uint8_t clear = (cmd->arg1 >> 8) & 0xff;

	if (list == f_tcpflags && set == TH_SYN && clear == TH_ACK) {
		printf(" setup");
		return;
	}

	printf(" %s ", name);
	for (i=0; list[i].x != 0; i++) {
		if (set & list[i].x) {
			set &= ~list[i].x;
			printf("%s%s", comma, list[i].s);
			comma = ",";
		}
		if (clear & list[i].x) {
			clear &= ~list[i].x;
			printf("%s!%s", comma, list[i].s);
			comma = ",";
		}
	}
}

/*
 * Print the ip address contained in a command.
 */
static void
print_ip(ipfw_insn_ip *cmd, char const *s)
{
	struct hostent *he = NULL;
	uint32_t len = F_LEN((ipfw_insn *)cmd);
	uint32_t *a = ((ipfw_insn_u32 *)cmd)->d;

	if (cmd->o.opcode == O_IP_DST_LOOKUP && len > F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_u32)) {
		uint32_t d = a[1];
		const char *arg = "<invalid>";

		if (d < sizeof(lookup_key)/sizeof(lookup_key[0]))
			arg = match_value(rule_options, lookup_key[d]);
		printf("%s lookup %s %d", cmd->o.len & F_NOT ? " not": "",
			arg, cmd->o.arg1);
		return;
	}
	printf("%s%s ", cmd->o.len & F_NOT ? " not": "", s);

	if (cmd->o.opcode == O_IP_SRC_ME || cmd->o.opcode == O_IP_DST_ME) {
		printf("me");
		return;
	}
	if (cmd->o.opcode == O_IP_SRC_LOOKUP ||
	    cmd->o.opcode == O_IP_DST_LOOKUP) {
		printf("table(%u", ((ipfw_insn *)cmd)->arg1);
		if (len == F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_u32))
			printf(",%u", *a);
		printf(")");
		return;
	}
	if (cmd->o.opcode == O_IP_SRC_SET || cmd->o.opcode == O_IP_DST_SET) {
		uint32_t x, *map = (uint32_t *)&(cmd->mask);
		int i, j;
		char comma = '{';

		x = cmd->o.arg1 - 1;
		x = htonl( ~x );
		cmd->addr.s_addr = htonl(cmd->addr.s_addr);
		printf("%s/%d", inet_ntoa(cmd->addr),
			contigmask((uint8_t *)&x, 32));
		x = cmd->addr.s_addr = htonl(cmd->addr.s_addr);
		x &= 0xff; /* base */
		/*
		 * Print bits and ranges.
		 * Locate first bit set (i), then locate first bit unset (j).
		 * If we have 3+ consecutive bits set, then print them as a
		 * range, otherwise only print the initial bit and rescan.
		 */
		for (i=0; i < cmd->o.arg1; i++)
			if (map[i/32] & (1<<(i & 31))) {
				for (j=i+1; j < cmd->o.arg1; j++)
					if (!(map[ j/32] & (1<<(j & 31))))
						break;
				printf("%c%d", comma, i+x);
				if (j>i+2) { /* range has at least 3 elements */
					printf("-%d", j-1+x);
					i = j-1;
				}
				comma = ',';
			}
		printf("}");
		return;
	}
	/*
	 * len == 2 indicates a single IP, whereas lists of 1 or more
	 * addr/mask pairs have len = (2n+1). We convert len to n so we
	 * use that to count the number of entries.
	 */
    for (len = len / 2; len > 0; len--, a += 2) {
	int mb =	/* mask length */
	    (cmd->o.opcode == O_IP_SRC || cmd->o.opcode == O_IP_DST) ?
		32 : contigmask((uint8_t *)&(a[1]), 32);
	if (mb == 32 && co.do_resolv)
		he = gethostbyaddr((char *)&(a[0]), sizeof(u_long), AF_INET);
	if (he != NULL)		/* resolved to name */
		printf("%s", he->h_name);
	else if (mb == 0)	/* any */
		printf("any");
	else {		/* numeric IP followed by some kind of mask */
		printf("%s", inet_ntoa( *((struct in_addr *)&a[0]) ) );
		if (mb < 0)
			printf(":%s", inet_ntoa( *((struct in_addr *)&a[1]) ) );
		else if (mb < 32)
			printf("/%d", mb);
	}
	if (len > 1)
		printf(",");
    }
}

/*
 * prints a MAC address/mask pair
 */
static void
print_mac(uint8_t *addr, uint8_t *mask)
{
	int l = contigmask(mask, 48);

	if (l == 0)
		printf(" any");
	else {
		printf(" %02x:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x",
		    addr[0], addr[1], addr[2], addr[3], addr[4], addr[5]);
		if (l == -1)
			printf("&%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x",
			    mask[0], mask[1], mask[2],
			    mask[3], mask[4], mask[5]);
		else if (l < 48)
			printf("/%d", l);
	}
}

static void
fill_icmptypes(ipfw_insn_u32 *cmd, char *av)
{
	uint8_t type;

	cmd->d[0] = 0;
	while (*av) {
		if (*av == ',')
			av++;

		type = strtoul(av, &av, 0);

		if (*av != ',' && *av != '\0')
			errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid ICMP type");

		if (type > 31)
			errx(EX_DATAERR, "ICMP type out of range");

		cmd->d[0] |= 1 << type;
	}
	cmd->o.opcode = O_ICMPTYPE;
	cmd->o.len |= F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_u32);
}

static void
print_icmptypes(ipfw_insn_u32 *cmd)
{
	int i;
	char sep= ' ';

	printf(" icmptypes");
	for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
		if ( (cmd->d[0] & (1 << (i))) == 0)
			continue;
		printf("%c%d", sep, i);
		sep = ',';
	}
}

static void
print_dscp(ipfw_insn_u32 *cmd)
{
	int i, c;
	uint32_t *v;
	char sep= ' ';
	const char *code;

	printf(" dscp");
	i = 0;
	c = 0;
	v = cmd->d;
	while (i < 64) {
		if (*v & (1 << i)) {
			if ((code = match_value(f_ipdscp, i)) != NULL)
				printf("%c%s", sep, code);
			else
				printf("%c%d", sep, i);
			sep = ',';
		}

		if ((++i % 32) == 0)
			v++;
	}
}

/*
 * show_ipfw() prints the body of an ipfw rule.
 * Because the standard rule has at least proto src_ip dst_ip, we use
 * a helper function to produce these entries if not provided explicitly.
 * The first argument is the list of fields we have, the second is
 * the list of fields we want to be printed.
 *
 * Special cases if we have provided a MAC header:
 *   + if the rule does not contain IP addresses/ports, do not print them;
 *   + if the rule does not contain an IP proto, print "all" instead of "ip";
 *
 * Once we have 'have_options', IP header fields are printed as options.
 */
#define	HAVE_PROTO	0x0001
#define	HAVE_SRCIP	0x0002
#define	HAVE_DSTIP	0x0004
#define	HAVE_PROTO4	0x0008
#define	HAVE_PROTO6	0x0010
#define	HAVE_IP		0x0100
#define	HAVE_OPTIONS	0x8000

static void
show_prerequisites(int *flags, int want, int cmd)
{
	(void)cmd;	/* UNUSED */
	if (co.comment_only)
		return;
	if ( (*flags & HAVE_IP) == HAVE_IP)
		*flags |= HAVE_OPTIONS;

	if ( !(*flags & HAVE_OPTIONS)) {
		if ( !(*flags & HAVE_PROTO) && (want & HAVE_PROTO)) {
			if ( (*flags & HAVE_PROTO4))
				printf(" ip4");
			else if ( (*flags & HAVE_PROTO6))
				printf(" ip6");
			else
				printf(" ip");
		}
		if ( !(*flags & HAVE_SRCIP) && (want & HAVE_SRCIP))
			printf(" from any");
		if ( !(*flags & HAVE_DSTIP) && (want & HAVE_DSTIP))
			printf(" to any");
	}
	*flags |= want;
}

static void
show_ipfw(struct ip_fw *rule, int pcwidth, int bcwidth)
{
	static int twidth = 0;
	int l;
	ipfw_insn *cmd, *tagptr = NULL;
	const char *comment = NULL;	/* ptr to comment if we have one */
	int proto = 0;		/* default */
	int flags = 0;	/* prerequisites */
	ipfw_insn_log *logptr = NULL; /* set if we find an O_LOG */
	ipfw_insn_altq *altqptr = NULL; /* set if we find an O_ALTQ */
	int or_block = 0;	/* we are in an or block */
	uint32_t set_disable;

	bcopy(&rule->next_rule, &set_disable, sizeof(set_disable));

	if (set_disable & (1 << rule->set)) { /* disabled */
		if (!co.show_sets)
			return;
		else
			printf("# DISABLED ");
	}
	printf("%05u ", rule->rulenum);

	if (pcwidth > 0 || bcwidth > 0) {
		pr_u64(&rule->pcnt, pcwidth);
		pr_u64(&rule->bcnt, bcwidth);
	}

	if (co.do_time == 2)
		printf("%10u ", rule->timestamp);
	else if (co.do_time == 1) {
		char timestr[30];
		time_t t = (time_t)0;

		if (twidth == 0) {
			strcpy(timestr, ctime(&t));
			*strchr(timestr, '\n') = '\0';
			twidth = strlen(timestr);
		}
		if (rule->timestamp) {
			t = _long_to_time(rule->timestamp);

			strcpy(timestr, ctime(&t));
			*strchr(timestr, '\n') = '\0';
			printf("%s ", timestr);
		} else {
			printf("%*s", twidth, " ");
		}
	}

	if (co.show_sets)
		printf("set %d ", rule->set);

	/*
	 * print the optional "match probability"
	 */
	if (rule->cmd_len > 0) {
		cmd = rule->cmd ;
		if (cmd->opcode == O_PROB) {
			ipfw_insn_u32 *p = (ipfw_insn_u32 *)cmd;
			double d = 1.0 * p->d[0];

			d = (d / 0x7fffffff);
			printf("prob %f ", d);
		}
	}

	/*
	 * first print actions
	 */
	for (l = rule->cmd_len - rule->act_ofs, cmd = ACTION_PTR(rule);
			l > 0 ; l -= F_LEN(cmd), cmd += F_LEN(cmd)) {
		switch(cmd->opcode) {
		case O_CHECK_STATE:
			printf("check-state");
			/* avoid printing anything else */
			flags = HAVE_PROTO | HAVE_SRCIP |
				HAVE_DSTIP | HAVE_IP;
			break;

		case O_ACCEPT:
			printf("allow");
			break;

		case O_COUNT:
			printf("count");
			break;

		case O_DENY:
			printf("deny");
			break;

		case O_REJECT:
			if (cmd->arg1 == ICMP_REJECT_RST)
				printf("reset");
			else if (cmd->arg1 == ICMP_UNREACH_HOST)
				printf("reject");
			else
				print_reject_code(cmd->arg1);
			break;

		case O_UNREACH6:
			if (cmd->arg1 == ICMP6_UNREACH_RST)
				printf("reset6");
			else
				print_unreach6_code(cmd->arg1);
			break;

		case O_SKIPTO:
			PRINT_UINT_ARG("skipto ", cmd->arg1);
			break;

		case O_PIPE:
			PRINT_UINT_ARG("pipe ", cmd->arg1);
			break;

		case O_QUEUE:
			PRINT_UINT_ARG("queue ", cmd->arg1);
			break;

		case O_DIVERT:
			PRINT_UINT_ARG("divert ", cmd->arg1);
			break;

		case O_TEE:
			PRINT_UINT_ARG("tee ", cmd->arg1);
			break;

		case O_NETGRAPH:
			PRINT_UINT_ARG("netgraph ", cmd->arg1);
			break;

		case O_NGTEE:
			PRINT_UINT_ARG("ngtee ", cmd->arg1);
			break;

		case O_FORWARD_IP:
		    {
			ipfw_insn_sa *s = (ipfw_insn_sa *)cmd;

			if (s->sa.sin_addr.s_addr == INADDR_ANY) {
				printf("fwd tablearg");
			} else {
				printf("fwd %s", inet_ntoa(s->sa.sin_addr));
			}
			if (s->sa.sin_port)
				printf(",%d", s->sa.sin_port);
		    }
			break;

		case O_FORWARD_IP6:
		    {
			char buf[4 + INET6_ADDRSTRLEN + 1];
			ipfw_insn_sa6 *s = (ipfw_insn_sa6 *)cmd;

			printf("fwd %s", inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &s->sa.sin6_addr,
			    buf, sizeof(buf)));
			if (s->sa.sin6_port)
				printf(",%d", s->sa.sin6_port);
		    }
			break;

		case O_LOG: /* O_LOG is printed last */
			logptr = (ipfw_insn_log *)cmd;
			break;

		case O_ALTQ: /* O_ALTQ is printed after O_LOG */
			altqptr = (ipfw_insn_altq *)cmd;
			break;

		case O_TAG:
			tagptr = cmd;
			break;

		case O_NAT:
			if (cmd->arg1 != 0)
				PRINT_UINT_ARG("nat ", cmd->arg1);
			else
				printf("nat global");
			break;

		case O_SETFIB:
			PRINT_UINT_ARG("setfib ", cmd->arg1);
 			break;

		case O_SETDSCP:
		    {
			const char *code;

			if ((code = match_value(f_ipdscp, cmd->arg1)) != NULL)
				printf("setdscp %s", code);
			else
				PRINT_UINT_ARG("setdscp ", cmd->arg1);
		    }
 			break;

		case O_REASS:
			printf("reass");
			break;

		case O_CALLRETURN:
			if (cmd->len & F_NOT)
				printf("return");
			else
				PRINT_UINT_ARG("call ", cmd->arg1);
			break;

		default:
			printf("** unrecognized action %d len %d ",
				cmd->opcode, cmd->len);
		}
	}
	if (logptr) {
		if (logptr->max_log > 0)
			printf(" log logamount %d", logptr->max_log);
		else
			printf(" log");
	}
#ifndef NO_ALTQ
	if (altqptr) {
		print_altq_cmd(altqptr);
	}
#endif
	if (tagptr) {
		if (tagptr->len & F_NOT)
			PRINT_UINT_ARG(" untag ", tagptr->arg1);
		else
			PRINT_UINT_ARG(" tag ", tagptr->arg1);
	}

	/*
	 * then print the body.
	 */
	for (l = rule->act_ofs, cmd = rule->cmd ;
			l > 0 ; l -= F_LEN(cmd) , cmd += F_LEN(cmd)) {
		if ((cmd->len & F_OR) || (cmd->len & F_NOT))
			continue;
		if (cmd->opcode == O_IP4) {
			flags |= HAVE_PROTO4;
			break;
		} else if (cmd->opcode == O_IP6) {
			flags |= HAVE_PROTO6;
			break;
		}
	}
	if (rule->_pad & 1) {	/* empty rules before options */
		if (!co.do_compact) {
			show_prerequisites(&flags, HAVE_PROTO, 0);
			printf(" from any to any");
		}
		flags |= HAVE_IP | HAVE_OPTIONS | HAVE_PROTO |
			 HAVE_SRCIP | HAVE_DSTIP;
	}

	if (co.comment_only)
		comment = "...";

	for (l = rule->act_ofs, cmd = rule->cmd ;
			l > 0 ; l -= F_LEN(cmd) , cmd += F_LEN(cmd)) {
		/* useful alias */
		ipfw_insn_u32 *cmd32 = (ipfw_insn_u32 *)cmd;

		if (co.comment_only) {
			if (cmd->opcode != O_NOP)
				continue;
			printf(" // %s\n", (char *)(cmd + 1));
			return;
		}

		show_prerequisites(&flags, 0, cmd->opcode);

		switch(cmd->opcode) {
		case O_PROB:
			break;	/* done already */

		case O_PROBE_STATE:
			break; /* no need to print anything here */

		case O_IP_SRC:
		case O_IP_SRC_LOOKUP:
		case O_IP_SRC_MASK:
		case O_IP_SRC_ME:
		case O_IP_SRC_SET:
			show_prerequisites(&flags, HAVE_PROTO, 0);
			if (!(flags & HAVE_SRCIP))
				printf(" from");
			if ((cmd->len & F_OR) && !or_block)
				printf(" {");
			print_ip((ipfw_insn_ip *)cmd,
				(flags & HAVE_OPTIONS) ? " src-ip" : "");
			flags |= HAVE_SRCIP;
			break;

		case O_IP_DST:
		case O_IP_DST_LOOKUP:
		case O_IP_DST_MASK:
		case O_IP_DST_ME:
		case O_IP_DST_SET:
			show_prerequisites(&flags, HAVE_PROTO|HAVE_SRCIP, 0);
			if (!(flags & HAVE_DSTIP))
				printf(" to");
			if ((cmd->len & F_OR) && !or_block)
				printf(" {");
			print_ip((ipfw_insn_ip *)cmd,
				(flags & HAVE_OPTIONS) ? " dst-ip" : "");
			flags |= HAVE_DSTIP;
			break;

		case O_IP6_SRC:
		case O_IP6_SRC_MASK:
		case O_IP6_SRC_ME:
			show_prerequisites(&flags, HAVE_PROTO, 0);
			if (!(flags & HAVE_SRCIP))
				printf(" from");
			if ((cmd->len & F_OR) && !or_block)
				printf(" {");
			print_ip6((ipfw_insn_ip6 *)cmd,
			    (flags & HAVE_OPTIONS) ? " src-ip6" : "");
			flags |= HAVE_SRCIP | HAVE_PROTO;
			break;

		case O_IP6_DST:
		case O_IP6_DST_MASK:
		case O_IP6_DST_ME:
			show_prerequisites(&flags, HAVE_PROTO|HAVE_SRCIP, 0);
			if (!(flags & HAVE_DSTIP))
				printf(" to");
			if ((cmd->len & F_OR) && !or_block)
				printf(" {");
			print_ip6((ipfw_insn_ip6 *)cmd,
			    (flags & HAVE_OPTIONS) ? " dst-ip6" : "");
			flags |= HAVE_DSTIP;
			break;

		case O_FLOW6ID:
		print_flow6id( (ipfw_insn_u32 *) cmd );
		flags |= HAVE_OPTIONS;
		break;

		case O_IP_DSTPORT:
			show_prerequisites(&flags,
				HAVE_PROTO | HAVE_SRCIP |
				HAVE_DSTIP | HAVE_IP, 0);
		case O_IP_SRCPORT:
			if (flags & HAVE_DSTIP)
				flags |= HAVE_IP;
			show_prerequisites(&flags,
				HAVE_PROTO | HAVE_SRCIP, 0);
			if ((cmd->len & F_OR) && !or_block)
				printf(" {");
			if (cmd->len & F_NOT)
				printf(" not");
			print_newports((ipfw_insn_u16 *)cmd, proto,
				(flags & HAVE_OPTIONS) ? cmd->opcode : 0);
			break;

		case O_PROTO: {
			struct protoent *pe = NULL;

			if ((cmd->len & F_OR) && !or_block)
				printf(" {");
			if (cmd->len & F_NOT)
				printf(" not");
			proto = cmd->arg1;
			pe = getprotobynumber(cmd->arg1);
			if ((flags & (HAVE_PROTO4 | HAVE_PROTO6)) &&
			    !(flags & HAVE_PROTO))
				show_prerequisites(&flags,
				    HAVE_PROTO | HAVE_IP | HAVE_SRCIP |
				    HAVE_DSTIP | HAVE_OPTIONS, 0);
			if (flags & HAVE_OPTIONS)
				printf(" proto");
			if (pe)
				printf(" %s", pe->p_name);
			else
				printf(" %u", cmd->arg1);
			}
			flags |= HAVE_PROTO;
			break;

		default: /*options ... */
			if (!(cmd->len & (F_OR|F_NOT)))
				if (((cmd->opcode == O_IP6) &&
				    (flags & HAVE_PROTO6)) ||
				    ((cmd->opcode == O_IP4) &&
				    (flags & HAVE_PROTO4)))
					break;
			show_prerequisites(&flags, HAVE_PROTO | HAVE_SRCIP |
				    HAVE_DSTIP | HAVE_IP | HAVE_OPTIONS, 0);
			if ((cmd->len & F_OR) && !or_block)
				printf(" {");
			if (cmd->len & F_NOT && cmd->opcode != O_IN)
				printf(" not");
			switch(cmd->opcode) {
			case O_MACADDR2: {
				ipfw_insn_mac *m = (ipfw_insn_mac *)cmd;

				printf(" MAC");
				print_mac(m->addr, m->mask);
				print_mac(m->addr + 6, m->mask + 6);
				}
				break;

			case O_MAC_TYPE:
				print_newports((ipfw_insn_u16 *)cmd,
						IPPROTO_ETHERTYPE, cmd->opcode);
				break;


			case O_FRAG:
				printf(" frag");
				break;

			case O_FIB:
				printf(" fib %u", cmd->arg1 );
				break;
			case O_SOCKARG:
				printf(" sockarg");
				break;

			case O_IN:
				printf(cmd->len & F_NOT ? " out" : " in");
				break;

			case O_DIVERTED:
				switch (cmd->arg1) {
				case 3:
					printf(" diverted");
					break;
				case 1:
					printf(" diverted-loopback");
					break;
				case 2:
					printf(" diverted-output");
					break;
				default:
					printf(" diverted-?<%u>", cmd->arg1);
					break;
				}
				break;

			case O_LAYER2:
				printf(" layer2");
				break;
			case O_XMIT:
			case O_RECV:
			case O_VIA:
			    {
				char const *s;
				ipfw_insn_if *cmdif = (ipfw_insn_if *)cmd;

				if (cmd->opcode == O_XMIT)
					s = "xmit";
				else if (cmd->opcode == O_RECV)
					s = "recv";
				else /* if (cmd->opcode == O_VIA) */
					s = "via";
				if (cmdif->name[0] == '\0')
					printf(" %s %s", s,
					    inet_ntoa(cmdif->p.ip));
				else if (cmdif->name[0] == '\1') /* interface table */
					printf(" %s table(%d)", s, cmdif->p.glob);
				else
					printf(" %s %s", s, cmdif->name);

				break;
			    }
			case O_IPID:
				if (F_LEN(cmd) == 1)
				    printf(" ipid %u", cmd->arg1 );
				else
				    print_newports((ipfw_insn_u16 *)cmd, 0,
					O_IPID);
				break;

			case O_IPTTL:
				if (F_LEN(cmd) == 1)
				    printf(" ipttl %u", cmd->arg1 );
				else
				    print_newports((ipfw_insn_u16 *)cmd, 0,
					O_IPTTL);
				break;

			case O_IPVER:
				printf(" ipver %u", cmd->arg1 );
				break;

			case O_IPPRECEDENCE:
				printf(" ipprecedence %u", (cmd->arg1) >> 5 );
				break;

			case O_DSCP:
				print_dscp((ipfw_insn_u32 *)cmd);
	 			break;

			case O_IPLEN:
				if (F_LEN(cmd) == 1)
				    printf(" iplen %u", cmd->arg1 );
				else
				    print_newports((ipfw_insn_u16 *)cmd, 0,
					O_IPLEN);
				break;

			case O_IPOPT:
				print_flags("ipoptions", cmd, f_ipopts);
				break;

			case O_IPTOS:
				print_flags("iptos", cmd, f_iptos);
				break;

			case O_ICMPTYPE:
				print_icmptypes((ipfw_insn_u32 *)cmd);
				break;

			case O_ESTAB:
				printf(" established");
				break;

			case O_TCPDATALEN:
				if (F_LEN(cmd) == 1)
				    printf(" tcpdatalen %u", cmd->arg1 );
				else
				    print_newports((ipfw_insn_u16 *)cmd, 0,
					O_TCPDATALEN);
				break;

			case O_TCPFLAGS:
				print_flags("tcpflags", cmd, f_tcpflags);
				break;

			case O_TCPOPTS:
				print_flags("tcpoptions", cmd, f_tcpopts);
				break;

			case O_TCPWIN:
				if (F_LEN(cmd) == 1)
				    printf(" tcpwin %u", cmd->arg1);
				else
				    print_newports((ipfw_insn_u16 *)cmd, 0,
					O_TCPWIN);
				break;

			case O_TCPACK:
				printf(" tcpack %d", ntohl(cmd32->d[0]));
				break;

			case O_TCPSEQ:
				printf(" tcpseq %d", ntohl(cmd32->d[0]));
				break;

			case O_UID:
			    {
				struct passwd *pwd = getpwuid(cmd32->d[0]);

				if (pwd)
					printf(" uid %s", pwd->pw_name);
				else
					printf(" uid %u", cmd32->d[0]);
			    }
				break;

			case O_GID:
			    {
				struct group *grp = getgrgid(cmd32->d[0]);

				if (grp)
					printf(" gid %s", grp->gr_name);
				else
					printf(" gid %u", cmd32->d[0]);
			    }
				break;

			case O_JAIL:
				printf(" jail %d", cmd32->d[0]);
				break;

			case O_VERREVPATH:
				printf(" verrevpath");
				break;

			case O_VERSRCREACH:
				printf(" versrcreach");
				break;

			case O_ANTISPOOF:
				printf(" antispoof");
				break;

			case O_IPSEC:
				printf(" ipsec");
				break;

			case O_NOP:
				comment = (char *)(cmd + 1);
				break;

			case O_KEEP_STATE:
				printf(" keep-state");
				break;

			case O_LIMIT: {
				struct _s_x *p = limit_masks;
				ipfw_insn_limit *c = (ipfw_insn_limit *)cmd;
				uint8_t x = c->limit_mask;
				char const *comma = " ";

				printf(" limit");
				for (; p->x != 0 ; p++)
					if ((x & p->x) == p->x) {
						x &= ~p->x;
						printf("%s%s", comma, p->s);
						comma = ",";
					}
				PRINT_UINT_ARG(" ", c->conn_limit);
				break;
			}

			case O_IP6:
				printf(" ip6");
				break;

			case O_IP4:
				printf(" ip4");
				break;

			case O_ICMP6TYPE:
				print_icmp6types((ipfw_insn_u32 *)cmd);
				break;

			case O_EXT_HDR:
				print_ext6hdr( (ipfw_insn *) cmd );
				break;

			case O_TAGGED:
				if (F_LEN(cmd) == 1)
					PRINT_UINT_ARG(" tagged ", cmd->arg1);
				else
					print_newports((ipfw_insn_u16 *)cmd, 0,
					    O_TAGGED);
				break;

			default:
				printf(" [opcode %d len %d]",
				    cmd->opcode, cmd->len);
			}
		}
		if (cmd->len & F_OR) {
			printf(" or");
			or_block = 1;
		} else if (or_block) {
			printf(" }");
			or_block = 0;
		}
	}
	show_prerequisites(&flags, HAVE_PROTO | HAVE_SRCIP | HAVE_DSTIP
					      | HAVE_IP, 0);
	if (comment)
		printf(" // %s", comment);
	printf("\n");
}

static void
show_dyn_ipfw(ipfw_dyn_rule *d, int pcwidth, int bcwidth)
{
	struct protoent *pe;
	struct in_addr a;
	uint16_t rulenum;
	char buf[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];

	if (!co.do_expired) {
		if (!d->expire && !(d->dyn_type == O_LIMIT_PARENT))
			return;
	}
	bcopy(&d->rule, &rulenum, sizeof(rulenum));
	printf("%05d", rulenum);
	if (pcwidth > 0 || bcwidth > 0) {
		printf(" ");
		pr_u64(&d->pcnt, pcwidth);
		pr_u64(&d->bcnt, bcwidth);
		printf("(%ds)", d->expire);
	}
	switch (d->dyn_type) {
	case O_LIMIT_PARENT:
		printf(" PARENT %d", d->count);
		break;
	case O_LIMIT:
		printf(" LIMIT");
		break;
	case O_KEEP_STATE: /* bidir, no mask */
		printf(" STATE");
		break;
	}

	if ((pe = getprotobynumber(d->id.proto)) != NULL)
		printf(" %s", pe->p_name);
	else
		printf(" proto %u", d->id.proto);

	if (d->id.addr_type == 4) {
		a.s_addr = htonl(d->id.src_ip);
		printf(" %s %d", inet_ntoa(a), d->id.src_port);

		a.s_addr = htonl(d->id.dst_ip);
		printf(" <-> %s %d", inet_ntoa(a), d->id.dst_port);
	} else if (d->id.addr_type == 6) {
		printf(" %s %d", inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &d->id.src_ip6, buf,
		    sizeof(buf)), d->id.src_port);
		printf(" <-> %s %d", inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &d->id.dst_ip6, buf,
		    sizeof(buf)), d->id.dst_port);
	} else
		printf(" UNKNOWN <-> UNKNOWN\n");

	printf("\n");
}

/*
 * This one handles all set-related commands
 * 	ipfw set { show | enable | disable }
 * 	ipfw set swap X Y
 * 	ipfw set move X to Y
 * 	ipfw set move rule X to Y
 */
void
ipfw_sets_handler(char *av[])
{
	uint32_t set_disable, masks[2];
	int i, nbytes;
	uint16_t rulenum;
	uint8_t cmd, new_set;

	av++;

	if (av[0] == NULL)
		errx(EX_USAGE, "set needs command");
	if (_substrcmp(*av, "show") == 0) {
		void *data = NULL;
		char const *msg;
		int nalloc;

		nalloc = nbytes = sizeof(struct ip_fw);
		while (nbytes >= nalloc) {
			if (data)
				free(data);
			nalloc = nalloc * 2 + 200;
			nbytes = nalloc;
			data = safe_calloc(1, nbytes);
			if (do_cmd(IP_FW_GET, data, (uintptr_t)&nbytes) < 0)
				err(EX_OSERR, "getsockopt(IP_FW_GET)");
		}

		bcopy(&((struct ip_fw *)data)->next_rule,
			&set_disable, sizeof(set_disable));

		for (i = 0, msg = "disable" ; i < RESVD_SET; i++)
			if ((set_disable & (1<<i))) {
				printf("%s %d", msg, i);
				msg = "";
			}
		msg = (set_disable) ? " enable" : "enable";
		for (i = 0; i < RESVD_SET; i++)
			if (!(set_disable & (1<<i))) {
				printf("%s %d", msg, i);
				msg = "";
			}
		printf("\n");
	} else if (_substrcmp(*av, "swap") == 0) {
		av++;
		if ( av[0] == NULL || av[1] == NULL )
			errx(EX_USAGE, "set swap needs 2 set numbers\n");
		rulenum = atoi(av[0]);
		new_set = atoi(av[1]);
		if (!isdigit(*(av[0])) || rulenum > RESVD_SET)
			errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid set number %s\n", av[0]);
		if (!isdigit(*(av[1])) || new_set > RESVD_SET)
			errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid set number %s\n", av[1]);
		masks[0] = (4 << 24) | (new_set << 16) | (rulenum);
		i = do_cmd(IP_FW_DEL, masks, sizeof(uint32_t));
	} else if (_substrcmp(*av, "move") == 0) {
		av++;
		if (av[0] && _substrcmp(*av, "rule") == 0) {
			cmd = 2;
			av++;
		} else
			cmd = 3;
		if (av[0] == NULL || av[1] == NULL || av[2] == NULL ||
				av[3] != NULL ||  _substrcmp(av[1], "to") != 0)
			errx(EX_USAGE, "syntax: set move [rule] X to Y\n");
		rulenum = atoi(av[0]);
		new_set = atoi(av[2]);
		if (!isdigit(*(av[0])) || (cmd == 3 && rulenum > RESVD_SET) ||
			(cmd == 2 && rulenum == IPFW_DEFAULT_RULE) )
			errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid source number %s\n", av[0]);
		if (!isdigit(*(av[2])) || new_set > RESVD_SET)
			errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid dest. set %s\n", av[1]);
		masks[0] = (cmd << 24) | (new_set << 16) | (rulenum);
		i = do_cmd(IP_FW_DEL, masks, sizeof(uint32_t));
	} else if (_substrcmp(*av, "disable") == 0 ||
		   _substrcmp(*av, "enable") == 0 ) {
		int which = _substrcmp(*av, "enable") == 0 ? 1 : 0;

		av++;
		masks[0] = masks[1] = 0;

		while (av[0]) {
			if (isdigit(**av)) {
				i = atoi(*av);
				if (i < 0 || i > RESVD_SET)
					errx(EX_DATAERR,
					    "invalid set number %d\n", i);
				masks[which] |= (1<<i);
			} else if (_substrcmp(*av, "disable") == 0)
				which = 0;
			else if (_substrcmp(*av, "enable") == 0)
				which = 1;
			else
				errx(EX_DATAERR,
					"invalid set command %s\n", *av);
			av++;
		}
		if ( (masks[0] & masks[1]) != 0 )
			errx(EX_DATAERR,
			    "cannot enable and disable the same set\n");

		i = do_cmd(IP_FW_DEL, masks, sizeof(masks));
		if (i)
			warn("set enable/disable: setsockopt(IP_FW_DEL)");
	} else
		errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid set command %s\n", *av);
}

void
ipfw_sysctl_handler(char *av[], int which)
{
	av++;

	if (av[0] == NULL) {
		warnx("missing keyword to enable/disable\n");
	} else if (_substrcmp(*av, "firewall") == 0) {
		sysctlbyname("net.inet.ip.fw.enable", NULL, 0,
		    &which, sizeof(which));
		sysctlbyname("net.inet6.ip6.fw.enable", NULL, 0,
		    &which, sizeof(which));
	} else if (_substrcmp(*av, "one_pass") == 0) {
		sysctlbyname("net.inet.ip.fw.one_pass", NULL, 0,
		    &which, sizeof(which));
	} else if (_substrcmp(*av, "debug") == 0) {
		sysctlbyname("net.inet.ip.fw.debug", NULL, 0,
		    &which, sizeof(which));
	} else if (_substrcmp(*av, "verbose") == 0) {
		sysctlbyname("net.inet.ip.fw.verbose", NULL, 0,
		    &which, sizeof(which));
	} else if (_substrcmp(*av, "dyn_keepalive") == 0) {
		sysctlbyname("net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_keepalive", NULL, 0,
		    &which, sizeof(which));
#ifndef NO_ALTQ
	} else if (_substrcmp(*av, "altq") == 0) {
		altq_set_enabled(which);
#endif
	} else {
		warnx("unrecognize enable/disable keyword: %s\n", *av);
	}
}

void
ipfw_list(int ac, char *av[], int show_counters)
{
	struct ip_fw *r;
	ipfw_dyn_rule *dynrules, *d;

#define NEXT(r)	((struct ip_fw *)((char *)r + RULESIZE(r)))
	char *lim;
	void *data = NULL;
	int bcwidth, n, nbytes, nstat, ndyn, pcwidth, width;
	int exitval = EX_OK;
	int lac;
	char **lav;
	u_long rnum, last;
	char *endptr;
	int seen = 0;
	uint8_t set;

	const int ocmd = co.do_pipe ? IP_DUMMYNET_GET : IP_FW_GET;
	int nalloc = 1024;	/* start somewhere... */

	last = 0;

	if (co.test_only) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Testing only, list disabled\n");
		return;
	}
	if (co.do_pipe) {
		dummynet_list(ac, av, show_counters);
		return;
	}

	ac--;
	av++;

	/* get rules or pipes from kernel, resizing array as necessary */
	nbytes = nalloc;

	while (nbytes >= nalloc) {
		nalloc = nalloc * 2 + 200;
		nbytes = nalloc;
		data = safe_realloc(data, nbytes);
		if (do_cmd(ocmd, data, (uintptr_t)&nbytes) < 0)
			err(EX_OSERR, "getsockopt(IP_%s_GET)",
				co.do_pipe ? "DUMMYNET" : "FW");
	}

	/*
	 * Count static rules. They have variable size so we
	 * need to scan the list to count them.
	 */
	for (nstat = 1, r = data, lim = (char *)data + nbytes;
		    r->rulenum < IPFW_DEFAULT_RULE && (char *)r < lim;
		    ++nstat, r = NEXT(r) )
		; /* nothing */

	/*
	 * Count dynamic rules. This is easier as they have
	 * fixed size.
	 */
	r = NEXT(r);
	dynrules = (ipfw_dyn_rule *)r ;
	n = (char *)r - (char *)data;
	ndyn = (nbytes - n) / sizeof *dynrules;

	/* if showing stats, figure out column widths ahead of time */
	bcwidth = pcwidth = 0;
	if (show_counters) {
		for (n = 0, r = data; n < nstat; n++, r = NEXT(r)) {
			/* skip rules from another set */
			if (co.use_set && r->set != co.use_set - 1)
				continue;

			/* packet counter */
			width = pr_u64(&r->pcnt, 0);
			if (width > pcwidth)
				pcwidth = width;

			/* byte counter */
			width = pr_u64(&r->bcnt, 0);
			if (width > bcwidth)
				bcwidth = width;
		}
	}
	if (co.do_dynamic && ndyn) {
		for (n = 0, d = dynrules; n < ndyn; n++, d++) {
			if (co.use_set) {
				/* skip rules from another set */
				bcopy((char *)&d->rule + sizeof(uint16_t),
				      &set, sizeof(uint8_t));
				if (set != co.use_set - 1)
					continue;
			}
			width = pr_u64(&d->pcnt, 0);
			if (width > pcwidth)
				pcwidth = width;

			width = pr_u64(&d->bcnt, 0);
			if (width > bcwidth)
				bcwidth = width;
		}
	}
	/* if no rule numbers were specified, list all rules */
	if (ac == 0) {
		for (n = 0, r = data; n < nstat; n++, r = NEXT(r)) {
			if (co.use_set && r->set != co.use_set - 1)
				continue;
			show_ipfw(r, pcwidth, bcwidth);
		}

		if (co.do_dynamic && ndyn) {
			printf("## Dynamic rules (%d):\n", ndyn);
			for (n = 0, d = dynrules; n < ndyn; n++, d++) {
				if (co.use_set) {
					bcopy((char *)&d->rule + sizeof(uint16_t),
					      &set, sizeof(uint8_t));
					if (set != co.use_set - 1)
						continue;
				}
				show_dyn_ipfw(d, pcwidth, bcwidth);
		}
		}
		goto done;
	}

	/* display specific rules requested on command line */

	for (lac = ac, lav = av; lac != 0; lac--) {
		/* convert command line rule # */
		last = rnum = strtoul(*lav++, &endptr, 10);
		if (*endptr == '-')
			last = strtoul(endptr+1, &endptr, 10);
		if (*endptr) {
			exitval = EX_USAGE;
			warnx("invalid rule number: %s", *(lav - 1));
			continue;
		}
		for (n = seen = 0, r = data; n < nstat; n++, r = NEXT(r) ) {
			if (r->rulenum > last)
				break;
			if (co.use_set && r->set != co.use_set - 1)
				continue;
			if (r->rulenum >= rnum && r->rulenum <= last) {
				show_ipfw(r, pcwidth, bcwidth);
				seen = 1;
			}
		}
		if (!seen) {
			/* give precedence to other error(s) */
			if (exitval == EX_OK)
				exitval = EX_UNAVAILABLE;
			warnx("rule %lu does not exist", rnum);
		}
	}

	if (co.do_dynamic && ndyn) {
		printf("## Dynamic rules:\n");
		for (lac = ac, lav = av; lac != 0; lac--) {
			last = rnum = strtoul(*lav++, &endptr, 10);
			if (*endptr == '-')
				last = strtoul(endptr+1, &endptr, 10);
			if (*endptr)
				/* already warned */
				continue;
			for (n = 0, d = dynrules; n < ndyn; n++, d++) {
				uint16_t rulenum;

				bcopy(&d->rule, &rulenum, sizeof(rulenum));
				if (rulenum > rnum)
					break;
				if (co.use_set) {
					bcopy((char *)&d->rule + sizeof(uint16_t),
					      &set, sizeof(uint8_t));
					if (set != co.use_set - 1)
						continue;
				}
				if (r->rulenum >= rnum && r->rulenum <= last)
					show_dyn_ipfw(d, pcwidth, bcwidth);
			}
		}
	}

	ac = 0;

done:
	free(data);

	if (exitval != EX_OK)
		exit(exitval);
#undef NEXT
}

static int
lookup_host (char *host, struct in_addr *ipaddr)
{
	struct hostent *he;

	if (!inet_aton(host, ipaddr)) {
		if ((he = gethostbyname(host)) == NULL)
			return(-1);
		*ipaddr = *(struct in_addr *)he->h_addr_list[0];
	}
	return(0);
}

/*
 * fills the addr and mask fields in the instruction as appropriate from av.
 * Update length as appropriate.
 * The following formats are allowed:
 *	me	returns O_IP_*_ME
 *	1.2.3.4		single IP address
 *	1.2.3.4:5.6.7.8	address:mask
 *	1.2.3.4/24	address/mask
 *	1.2.3.4/26{1,6,5,4,23}	set of addresses in a subnet
 * We can have multiple comma-separated address/mask entries.
 */
static void
fill_ip(ipfw_insn_ip *cmd, char *av, int cblen)
{
	int len = 0;
	uint32_t *d = ((ipfw_insn_u32 *)cmd)->d;

	cmd->o.len &= ~F_LEN_MASK;	/* zero len */

	if (_substrcmp(av, "any") == 0)
		return;

	if (_substrcmp(av, "me") == 0) {
		cmd->o.len |= F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn);
		return;
	}

	if (strncmp(av, "table(", 6) == 0) {
		char *p = strchr(av + 6, ',');

		if (p)
			*p++ = '\0';
		cmd->o.opcode = O_IP_DST_LOOKUP;
		cmd->o.arg1 = strtoul(av + 6, NULL, 0);
		if (p) {
			cmd->o.len |= F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_u32);
			d[0] = strtoul(p, NULL, 0);
		} else
			cmd->o.len |= F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn);
		return;
	}

    while (av) {
	/*
	 * After the address we can have '/' or ':' indicating a mask,
	 * ',' indicating another address follows, '{' indicating a
	 * set of addresses of unspecified size.
	 */
	char *t = NULL, *p = strpbrk(av, "/:,{");
	int masklen;
	char md, nd = '\0';

	CHECK_LENGTH(cblen, F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn) + 2 + len);

	if (p) {
		md = *p;
		*p++ = '\0';
		if ((t = strpbrk(p, ",{")) != NULL) {
			nd = *t;
			*t = '\0';
		}
	} else
		md = '\0';

	if (lookup_host(av, (struct in_addr *)&d[0]) != 0)
		errx(EX_NOHOST, "hostname ``%s'' unknown", av);
	switch (md) {
	case ':':
		if (!inet_aton(p, (struct in_addr *)&d[1]))
			errx(EX_DATAERR, "bad netmask ``%s''", p);
		break;
	case '/':
		masklen = atoi(p);
		if (masklen == 0)
			d[1] = htonl(0);	/* mask */
		else if (masklen > 32)
			errx(EX_DATAERR, "bad width ``%s''", p);
		else
			d[1] = htonl(~0 << (32 - masklen));
		break;
	case '{':	/* no mask, assume /24 and put back the '{' */
		d[1] = htonl(~0 << (32 - 24));
		*(--p) = md;
		break;

	case ',':	/* single address plus continuation */
		*(--p) = md;
		/* FALLTHROUGH */
	case 0:		/* initialization value */
	default:
		d[1] = htonl(~0);	/* force /32 */
		break;
	}
	d[0] &= d[1];		/* mask base address with mask */
	if (t)
		*t = nd;
	/* find next separator */
	if (p)
		p = strpbrk(p, ",{");
	if (p && *p == '{') {
		/*
		 * We have a set of addresses. They are stored as follows:
		 *   arg1	is the set size (powers of 2, 2..256)
		 *   addr	is the base address IN HOST FORMAT
		 *   mask..	is an array of arg1 bits (rounded up to
		 *		the next multiple of 32) with bits set
		 *		for each host in the map.
		 */
		uint32_t *map = (uint32_t *)&cmd->mask;
		int low, high;
		int i = contigmask((uint8_t *)&(d[1]), 32);

		if (len > 0)
			errx(EX_DATAERR, "address set cannot be in a list");
		if (i < 24 || i > 31)
			errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid set with mask %d\n", i);
		cmd->o.arg1 = 1<<(32-i);	/* map length		*/
		d[0] = ntohl(d[0]);		/* base addr in host format */
		cmd->o.opcode = O_IP_DST_SET;	/* default */
		cmd->o.len |= F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_u32) + (cmd->o.arg1+31)/32;
		for (i = 0; i < (cmd->o.arg1+31)/32 ; i++)
			map[i] = 0;	/* clear map */

		av = p + 1;
		low = d[0] & 0xff;
		high = low + cmd->o.arg1 - 1;
		/*
		 * Here, i stores the previous value when we specify a range
		 * of addresses within a mask, e.g. 45-63. i = -1 means we
		 * have no previous value.
		 */
		i = -1;	/* previous value in a range */
		while (isdigit(*av)) {
			char *s;
			int a = strtol(av, &s, 0);

			if (s == av) { /* no parameter */
			    if (*av != '}')
				errx(EX_DATAERR, "set not closed\n");
			    if (i != -1)
				errx(EX_DATAERR, "incomplete range %d-", i);
			    break;
			}
			if (a < low || a > high)
			    errx(EX_DATAERR, "addr %d out of range [%d-%d]\n",
				a, low, high);
			a -= low;
			if (i == -1)	/* no previous in range */
			    i = a;
			else {		/* check that range is valid */
			    if (i > a)
				errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid range %d-%d",
					i+low, a+low);
			    if (*s == '-')
				errx(EX_DATAERR, "double '-' in range");
			}
			for (; i <= a; i++)
			    map[i/32] |= 1<<(i & 31);
			i = -1;
			if (*s == '-')
			    i = a;
			else if (*s == '}')
			    break;
			av = s+1;
		}
		return;
	}
	av = p;
	if (av)			/* then *av must be a ',' */
		av++;

	/* Check this entry */
	if (d[1] == 0) { /* "any", specified as x.x.x.x/0 */
		/*
		 * 'any' turns the entire list into a NOP.
		 * 'not any' never matches, so it is removed from the
		 * list unless it is the only item, in which case we
		 * report an error.
		 */
		if (cmd->o.len & F_NOT) {	/* "not any" never matches */
			if (av == NULL && len == 0) /* only this entry */
				errx(EX_DATAERR, "not any never matches");
		}
		/* else do nothing and skip this entry */
		return;
	}
	/* A single IP can be stored in an optimized format */
	if (d[1] == (uint32_t)~0 && av == NULL && len == 0) {
		cmd->o.len |= F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_u32);
		return;
	}
	len += 2;	/* two words... */
	d += 2;
    } /* end while */
    if (len + 1 > F_LEN_MASK)
	errx(EX_DATAERR, "address list too long");
    cmd->o.len |= len+1;
}


/* n2mask sets n bits of the mask */
void
n2mask(struct in6_addr *mask, int n)
{
	static int	minimask[9] =
	    { 0x00, 0x80, 0xc0, 0xe0, 0xf0, 0xf8, 0xfc, 0xfe, 0xff };
	u_char		*p;

	memset(mask, 0, sizeof(struct in6_addr));
	p = (u_char *) mask;
	for (; n > 0; p++, n -= 8) {
		if (n >= 8)
			*p = 0xff;
		else
			*p = minimask[n];
	}
	return;
}

/*
 * helper function to process a set of flags and set bits in the
 * appropriate masks.
 */
static void
fill_flags(ipfw_insn *cmd, enum ipfw_opcodes opcode,
	struct _s_x *flags, char *p)
{
	uint8_t set=0, clear=0;

	while (p && *p) {
		char *q;	/* points to the separator */
		int val;
		uint8_t *which;	/* mask we are working on */

		if (*p == '!') {
			p++;
			which = &clear;
		} else
			which = &set;
		q = strchr(p, ',');
		if (q)
			*q++ = '\0';
		val = match_token(flags, p);
		if (val <= 0)
			errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid flag %s", p);
		*which |= (uint8_t)val;
		p = q;
	}
	cmd->opcode = opcode;
	cmd->len =  (cmd->len & (F_NOT | F_OR)) | 1;
	cmd->arg1 = (set & 0xff) | ( (clear & 0xff) << 8);
}


void
ipfw_delete(char *av[])
{
	uint32_t rulenum;
	int i;
	int exitval = EX_OK;
	int do_set = 0;

	av++;
	NEED1("missing rule specification");
	if ( *av && _substrcmp(*av, "set") == 0) {
		/* Do not allow using the following syntax:
		 *	ipfw set N delete set M
		 */
		if (co.use_set)
			errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid syntax");
		do_set = 1;	/* delete set */
		av++;
	}

	/* Rule number */
	while (*av && isdigit(**av)) {
		i = atoi(*av); av++;
		if (co.do_nat) {
			exitval = do_cmd(IP_FW_NAT_DEL, &i, sizeof i);
			if (exitval) {
				exitval = EX_UNAVAILABLE;
				warn("rule %u not available", i);
			}
 		} else if (co.do_pipe) {
			exitval = ipfw_delete_pipe(co.do_pipe, i);
		} else {
			if (co.use_set)
				rulenum = (i & 0xffff) | (5 << 24) |
				    ((co.use_set - 1) << 16);
			else
			rulenum =  (i & 0xffff) | (do_set << 24);
			i = do_cmd(IP_FW_DEL, &rulenum, sizeof rulenum);
			if (i) {
				exitval = EX_UNAVAILABLE;
				warn("rule %u: setsockopt(IP_FW_DEL)",
				    rulenum);
			}
		}
	}
	if (exitval != EX_OK)
		exit(exitval);
}


/*
 * fill the interface structure. We do not check the name as we can
 * create interfaces dynamically, so checking them at insert time
 * makes relatively little sense.
 * Interface names containing '*', '?', or '[' are assumed to be shell
 * patterns which match interfaces.
 */
static void
fill_iface(ipfw_insn_if *cmd, char *arg, int cblen)
{
	cmd->name[0] = '\0';
	cmd->o.len |= F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_if);

	CHECK_CMDLEN;

	/* Parse the interface or address */
	if (strcmp(arg, "any") == 0)
		cmd->o.len = 0;		/* effectively ignore this command */
	else if (strncmp(arg, "table(", 6) == 0) {
		char *p = strchr(arg + 6, ',');
		if (p)
			*p++ = '\0';
		cmd->name[0] = '\1'; /* Special value indicating table */
		cmd->p.glob = strtoul(arg + 6, NULL, 0);
	} else if (!isdigit(*arg)) {
		strlcpy(cmd->name, arg, sizeof(cmd->name));
		cmd->p.glob = strpbrk(arg, "*?[") != NULL ? 1 : 0;
	} else if (!inet_aton(arg, &cmd->p.ip))
		errx(EX_DATAERR, "bad ip address ``%s''", arg);
}

static void
get_mac_addr_mask(const char *p, uint8_t *addr, uint8_t *mask)
{
	int i;
	size_t l;
	char *ap, *ptr, *optr;
	struct ether_addr *mac;
	const char *macset = "0123456789abcdefABCDEF:";

	if (strcmp(p, "any") == 0) {
		for (i = 0; i < ETHER_ADDR_LEN; i++)
			addr[i] = mask[i] = 0;
		return;
	}

	optr = ptr = strdup(p);
	if ((ap = strsep(&ptr, "&/")) != NULL && *ap != 0) {
		l = strlen(ap);
		if (strspn(ap, macset) != l || (mac = ether_aton(ap)) == NULL)
			errx(EX_DATAERR, "Incorrect MAC address");
		bcopy(mac, addr, ETHER_ADDR_LEN);
	} else
		errx(EX_DATAERR, "Incorrect MAC address");

	if (ptr != NULL) { /* we have mask? */
		if (p[ptr - optr - 1] == '/') { /* mask len */
			long ml = strtol(ptr, &ap, 10);
			if (*ap != 0 || ml > ETHER_ADDR_LEN * 8 || ml < 0)
				errx(EX_DATAERR, "Incorrect mask length");
			for (i = 0; ml > 0 && i < ETHER_ADDR_LEN; ml -= 8, i++)
				mask[i] = (ml >= 8) ? 0xff: (~0) << (8 - ml);
		} else { /* mask */
			l = strlen(ptr);
			if (strspn(ptr, macset) != l ||
			    (mac = ether_aton(ptr)) == NULL)
				errx(EX_DATAERR, "Incorrect mask");
			bcopy(mac, mask, ETHER_ADDR_LEN);
		}
	} else { /* default mask: ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff */
		for (i = 0; i < ETHER_ADDR_LEN; i++)
			mask[i] = 0xff;
	}
	for (i = 0; i < ETHER_ADDR_LEN; i++)
		addr[i] &= mask[i];

	free(optr);
}

/*
 * helper function, updates the pointer to cmd with the length
 * of the current command, and also cleans up the first word of
 * the new command in case it has been clobbered before.
 */
static ipfw_insn *
next_cmd(ipfw_insn *cmd, int *len)
{
	*len -= F_LEN(cmd);
	CHECK_LENGTH(*len, 0);
	cmd += F_LEN(cmd);
	bzero(cmd, sizeof(*cmd));
	return cmd;
}

/*
 * Takes arguments and copies them into a comment
 */
static void
fill_comment(ipfw_insn *cmd, char **av, int cblen)
{
	int i, l;
	char *p = (char *)(cmd + 1);

	cmd->opcode = O_NOP;
	cmd->len =  (cmd->len & (F_NOT | F_OR));

	/* Compute length of comment string. */
	for (i = 0, l = 0; av[i] != NULL; i++)
		l += strlen(av[i]) + 1;
	if (l == 0)
		return;
	if (l > 84)
		errx(EX_DATAERR,
		    "comment too long (max 80 chars)");
	l = 1 + (l+3)/4;
	cmd->len =  (cmd->len & (F_NOT | F_OR)) | l;
	CHECK_CMDLEN;

	for (i = 0; av[i] != NULL; i++) {
		strcpy(p, av[i]);
		p += strlen(av[i]);
		*p++ = ' ';
	}
	*(--p) = '\0';
}

/*
 * A function to fill simple commands of size 1.
 * Existing flags are preserved.
 */
static void
fill_cmd(ipfw_insn *cmd, enum ipfw_opcodes opcode, int flags, uint16_t arg)
{
	cmd->opcode = opcode;
	cmd->len =  ((cmd->len | flags) & (F_NOT | F_OR)) | 1;
	cmd->arg1 = arg;
}

/*
 * Fetch and add the MAC address and type, with masks. This generates one or
 * two microinstructions, and returns the pointer to the last one.
 */
static ipfw_insn *
add_mac(ipfw_insn *cmd, char *av[], int cblen)
{
	ipfw_insn_mac *mac;

	if ( ( av[0] == NULL ) || ( av[1] == NULL ) )
		errx(EX_DATAERR, "MAC dst src");

	cmd->opcode = O_MACADDR2;
	cmd->len = (cmd->len & (F_NOT | F_OR)) | F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_mac);
	CHECK_CMDLEN;

	mac = (ipfw_insn_mac *)cmd;
	get_mac_addr_mask(av[0], mac->addr, mac->mask);	/* dst */
	get_mac_addr_mask(av[1], &(mac->addr[ETHER_ADDR_LEN]),
	    &(mac->mask[ETHER_ADDR_LEN])); /* src */
	return cmd;
}

static ipfw_insn *
add_mactype(ipfw_insn *cmd, char *av, int cblen)
{
	if (!av)
		errx(EX_DATAERR, "missing MAC type");
	if (strcmp(av, "any") != 0) { /* we have a non-null type */
		fill_newports((ipfw_insn_u16 *)cmd, av, IPPROTO_ETHERTYPE,
		    cblen);
		cmd->opcode = O_MAC_TYPE;
		return cmd;
	} else
		return NULL;
}

static ipfw_insn *
add_proto0(ipfw_insn *cmd, char *av, u_char *protop)
{
	struct protoent *pe;
	char *ep;
	int proto;

	proto = strtol(av, &ep, 10);
	if (*ep != '\0' || proto <= 0) {
		if ((pe = getprotobyname(av)) == NULL)
			return NULL;
		proto = pe->p_proto;
	}

	fill_cmd(cmd, O_PROTO, 0, proto);
	*protop = proto;
	return cmd;
}

static ipfw_insn *
add_proto(ipfw_insn *cmd, char *av, u_char *protop)
{
	u_char proto = IPPROTO_IP;

	if (_substrcmp(av, "all") == 0 || strcmp(av, "ip") == 0)
		; /* do not set O_IP4 nor O_IP6 */
	else if (strcmp(av, "ip4") == 0)
		/* explicit "just IPv4" rule */
		fill_cmd(cmd, O_IP4, 0, 0);
	else if (strcmp(av, "ip6") == 0) {
		/* explicit "just IPv6" rule */
		proto = IPPROTO_IPV6;
		fill_cmd(cmd, O_IP6, 0, 0);
	} else
		return add_proto0(cmd, av, protop);

	*protop = proto;
	return cmd;
}

static ipfw_insn *
add_proto_compat(ipfw_insn *cmd, char *av, u_char *protop)
{
	u_char proto = IPPROTO_IP;

	if (_substrcmp(av, "all") == 0 || strcmp(av, "ip") == 0)
		; /* do not set O_IP4 nor O_IP6 */
	else if (strcmp(av, "ipv4") == 0 || strcmp(av, "ip4") == 0)
		/* explicit "just IPv4" rule */
		fill_cmd(cmd, O_IP4, 0, 0);
	else if (strcmp(av, "ipv6") == 0 || strcmp(av, "ip6") == 0) {
		/* explicit "just IPv6" rule */
		proto = IPPROTO_IPV6;
		fill_cmd(cmd, O_IP6, 0, 0);
	} else
		return add_proto0(cmd, av, protop);

	*protop = proto;
	return cmd;
}

static ipfw_insn *
add_srcip(ipfw_insn *cmd, char *av, int cblen)
{
	fill_ip((ipfw_insn_ip *)cmd, av, cblen);
	if (cmd->opcode == O_IP_DST_SET)			/* set */
		cmd->opcode = O_IP_SRC_SET;
	else if (cmd->opcode == O_IP_DST_LOOKUP)		/* table */
		cmd->opcode = O_IP_SRC_LOOKUP;
	else if (F_LEN(cmd) == F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn))		/* me */
		cmd->opcode = O_IP_SRC_ME;
	else if (F_LEN(cmd) == F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_u32))	/* one IP */
		cmd->opcode = O_IP_SRC;
	else							/* addr/mask */
		cmd->opcode = O_IP_SRC_MASK;
	return cmd;
}

static ipfw_insn *
add_dstip(ipfw_insn *cmd, char *av, int cblen)
{
	fill_ip((ipfw_insn_ip *)cmd, av, cblen);
	if (cmd->opcode == O_IP_DST_SET)			/* set */
		;
	else if (cmd->opcode == O_IP_DST_LOOKUP)		/* table */
		;
	else if (F_LEN(cmd) == F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn))		/* me */
		cmd->opcode = O_IP_DST_ME;
	else if (F_LEN(cmd) == F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_u32))	/* one IP */
		cmd->opcode = O_IP_DST;
	else							/* addr/mask */
		cmd->opcode = O_IP_DST_MASK;
	return cmd;
}

static ipfw_insn *
add_ports(ipfw_insn *cmd, char *av, u_char proto, int opcode, int cblen)
{
	/* XXX "any" is trapped before. Perhaps "to" */
	if (_substrcmp(av, "any") == 0) {
		return NULL;
	} else if (fill_newports((ipfw_insn_u16 *)cmd, av, proto, cblen)) {
		/* XXX todo: check that we have a protocol with ports */
		cmd->opcode = opcode;
		return cmd;
	}
	return NULL;
}

static ipfw_insn *
add_src(ipfw_insn *cmd, char *av, u_char proto, int cblen)
{
	struct in6_addr a;
	char *host, *ch, buf[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
	ipfw_insn *ret = NULL;
	int len;

	/* Copy first address in set if needed */
	if ((ch = strpbrk(av, "/,")) != NULL) {
		len = ch - av;
		strlcpy(buf, av, sizeof(buf));
		if (len < sizeof(buf))
			buf[len] = '\0';
		host = buf;
	} else
		host = av;

	if (proto == IPPROTO_IPV6  || strcmp(av, "me6") == 0 ||
	    inet_pton(AF_INET6, host, &a) == 1)
		ret = add_srcip6(cmd, av, cblen);
	/* XXX: should check for IPv4, not !IPv6 */
	if (ret == NULL && (proto == IPPROTO_IP || strcmp(av, "me") == 0 ||
	    inet_pton(AF_INET6, host, &a) != 1))
		ret = add_srcip(cmd, av, cblen);
	if (ret == NULL && strcmp(av, "any") != 0)
		ret = cmd;

	return ret;
}

static ipfw_insn *
add_dst(ipfw_insn *cmd, char *av, u_char proto, int cblen)
{
	struct in6_addr a;
	char *host, *ch, buf[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
	ipfw_insn *ret = NULL;
	int len;

	/* Copy first address in set if needed */
	if ((ch = strpbrk(av, "/,")) != NULL) {
		len = ch - av;
		strlcpy(buf, av, sizeof(buf));
		if (len < sizeof(buf))
			buf[len] = '\0';
		host = buf;
	} else
		host = av;

	if (proto == IPPROTO_IPV6  || strcmp(av, "me6") == 0 ||
	    inet_pton(AF_INET6, host, &a) == 1)
		ret = add_dstip6(cmd, av, cblen);
	/* XXX: should check for IPv4, not !IPv6 */
	if (ret == NULL && (proto == IPPROTO_IP || strcmp(av, "me") == 0 ||
	    inet_pton(AF_INET6, host, &a) != 1))
		ret = add_dstip(cmd, av, cblen);
	if (ret == NULL && strcmp(av, "any") != 0)
		ret = cmd;

	return ret;
}

/*
 * Parse arguments and assemble the microinstructions which make up a rule.
 * Rules are added into the 'rulebuf' and then copied in the correct order
 * into the actual rule.
 *
 * The syntax for a rule starts with the action, followed by
 * optional action parameters, and the various match patterns.
 * In the assembled microcode, the first opcode must be an O_PROBE_STATE
 * (generated if the rule includes a keep-state option), then the
 * various match patterns, log/altq actions, and the actual action.
 *
 */
void
ipfw_add(char *av[])
{
	/*
	 * rules are added into the 'rulebuf' and then copied in
	 * the correct order into the actual rule.
	 * Some things that need to go out of order (prob, action etc.)
	 * go into actbuf[].
	 */
	static uint32_t rulebuf[255], actbuf[255], cmdbuf[255];
	int rblen, ablen, cblen;

	ipfw_insn *src, *dst, *cmd, *action, *prev=NULL;
	ipfw_insn *first_cmd;	/* first match pattern */

	struct ip_fw *rule;

	/*
	 * various flags used to record that we entered some fields.
	 */
	ipfw_insn *have_state = NULL;	/* check-state or keep-state */
	ipfw_insn *have_log = NULL, *have_altq = NULL, *have_tag = NULL;
	size_t len;

	int i;

	int open_par = 0;	/* open parenthesis ( */

	/* proto is here because it is used to fetch ports */
	u_char proto = IPPROTO_IP;	/* default protocol */

	double match_prob = 1; /* match probability, default is always match */

	bzero(actbuf, sizeof(actbuf));		/* actions go here */
	bzero(cmdbuf, sizeof(cmdbuf));
	bzero(rulebuf, sizeof(rulebuf));

	rule = (struct ip_fw *)rulebuf;
	cmd = (ipfw_insn *)cmdbuf;
	action = (ipfw_insn *)actbuf;

	rblen = sizeof(rulebuf) / sizeof(rulebuf[0]);
	rblen -= offsetof(struct ip_fw, cmd) / sizeof(rulebuf[0]);
	ablen = sizeof(actbuf) / sizeof(actbuf[0]);
	cblen = sizeof(cmdbuf) / sizeof(cmdbuf[0]);
	cblen -= F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_u32) + 1;

#define	CHECK_RBUFLEN(len)	{ CHECK_LENGTH(rblen, len); rblen -= len; }
#define	CHECK_ACTLEN		CHECK_LENGTH(ablen, action->len)

	av++;

	/* [rule N]	-- Rule number optional */
	if (av[0] && isdigit(**av)) {
		rule->rulenum = atoi(*av);
		av++;
	}

	/* [set N]	-- set number (0..RESVD_SET), optional */
	if (av[0] && av[1] && _substrcmp(*av, "set") == 0) {
		int set = strtoul(av[1], NULL, 10);
		if (set < 0 || set > RESVD_SET)
			errx(EX_DATAERR, "illegal set %s", av[1]);
		rule->set = set;
		av += 2;
	}

	/* [prob D]	-- match probability, optional */
	if (av[0] && av[1] && _substrcmp(*av, "prob") == 0) {
		match_prob = strtod(av[1], NULL);

		if (match_prob <= 0 || match_prob > 1)
			errx(EX_DATAERR, "illegal match prob. %s", av[1]);
		av += 2;
	}

	/* action	-- mandatory */
	NEED1("missing action");
	i = match_token(rule_actions, *av);
	av++;
	action->len = 1;	/* default */
	CHECK_ACTLEN;
	switch(i) {
	case TOK_CHECKSTATE:
		have_state = action;
		action->opcode = O_CHECK_STATE;
		break;

	case TOK_ACCEPT:
		action->opcode = O_ACCEPT;
		break;

	case TOK_DENY:
		action->opcode = O_DENY;
		action->arg1 = 0;
		break;

	case TOK_REJECT:
		action->opcode = O_REJECT;
		action->arg1 = ICMP_UNREACH_HOST;
		break;

	case TOK_RESET:
		action->opcode = O_REJECT;
		action->arg1 = ICMP_REJECT_RST;
		break;

	case TOK_RESET6:
		action->opcode = O_UNREACH6;
		action->arg1 = ICMP6_UNREACH_RST;
		break;

	case TOK_UNREACH:
		action->opcode = O_REJECT;
		NEED1("missing reject code");
		fill_reject_code(&action->arg1, *av);
		av++;
		break;

	case TOK_UNREACH6:
		action->opcode = O_UNREACH6;
		NEED1("missing unreach code");
		fill_unreach6_code(&action->arg1, *av);
		av++;
		break;

	case TOK_COUNT:
		action->opcode = O_COUNT;
		break;

	case TOK_NAT:
		action->opcode = O_NAT;
		action->len = F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_nat);
		CHECK_ACTLEN;
		if (_substrcmp(*av, "global") == 0) {
			action->arg1 = 0;
			av++;
			break;
		} else
			goto chkarg;

	case TOK_QUEUE:
		action->opcode = O_QUEUE;
		goto chkarg;
	case TOK_PIPE:
		action->opcode = O_PIPE;
		goto chkarg;
	case TOK_SKIPTO:
		action->opcode = O_SKIPTO;
		goto chkarg;
	case TOK_NETGRAPH:
		action->opcode = O_NETGRAPH;
		goto chkarg;
	case TOK_NGTEE:
		action->opcode = O_NGTEE;
		goto chkarg;
	case TOK_DIVERT:
		action->opcode = O_DIVERT;
		goto chkarg;
	case TOK_TEE:
		action->opcode = O_TEE;
		goto chkarg;
	case TOK_CALL:
		action->opcode = O_CALLRETURN;
chkarg:
		if (!av[0])
			errx(EX_USAGE, "missing argument for %s", *(av - 1));
		if (isdigit(**av)) {
			action->arg1 = strtoul(*av, NULL, 10);
			if (action->arg1 <= 0 || action->arg1 >= IP_FW_TABLEARG)
				errx(EX_DATAERR, "illegal argument for %s",
				    *(av - 1));
		} else if (_substrcmp(*av, "tablearg") == 0) {
			action->arg1 = IP_FW_TABLEARG;
		} else if (i == TOK_DIVERT || i == TOK_TEE) {
			struct servent *s;
			setservent(1);
			s = getservbyname(av[0], "divert");
			if (s != NULL)
				action->arg1 = ntohs(s->s_port);
			else
				errx(EX_DATAERR, "illegal divert/tee port");
		} else
			errx(EX_DATAERR, "illegal argument for %s", *(av - 1));
		av++;
		break;

	case TOK_FORWARD: {
		/*
		 * Locate the address-port separator (':' or ',').
		 * Could be one of the following:
		 *	hostname:port
		 *	IPv4 a.b.c.d,port
		 *	IPv4 a.b.c.d:port
		 *	IPv6 w:x:y::z,port
		 * The ':' can only be used with hostname and IPv4 address.
		 * XXX-BZ Should we also support [w:x:y::z]:port?
		 */
		struct sockaddr_storage result;
		struct addrinfo *res;
		char *s, *end;
		int family;
		u_short port_number;

		NEED1("missing forward address[:port]");

		/*
		 * locate the address-port separator (':' or ',')
		 */
		s = strchr(*av, ',');
		if (s == NULL) {
			/* Distinguish between IPv4:port and IPv6 cases. */
			s = strchr(*av, ':');
			if (s && strchr(s+1, ':'))
				s = NULL; /* no port */
		}

		port_number = 0;
		if (s != NULL) {
			/* Terminate host portion and set s to start of port. */
			*(s++) = '\0';
			i = strtoport(s, &end, 0 /* base */, 0 /* proto */);
			if (s == end)
				errx(EX_DATAERR,
				    "illegal forwarding port ``%s''", s);
			port_number = (u_short)i;
		}

		if (_substrcmp(*av, "tablearg") == 0) {
			family = PF_INET;
			((struct sockaddr_in*)&result)->sin_addr.s_addr =
			    INADDR_ANY;
		} else {
			/*
			 * Resolve the host name or address to a family and a
			 * network representation of the address.
			 */
			if (getaddrinfo(*av, NULL, NULL, &res))
				errx(EX_DATAERR, NULL);
			/* Just use the first host in the answer. */
			family = res->ai_family;
			memcpy(&result, res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen);
			freeaddrinfo(res);
		}

 		if (family == PF_INET) {
			ipfw_insn_sa *p = (ipfw_insn_sa *)action;

			action->opcode = O_FORWARD_IP;
			action->len = F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_sa);
			CHECK_ACTLEN;

			/*
			 * In the kernel we assume AF_INET and use only
			 * sin_port and sin_addr. Remember to set sin_len as
			 * the routing code seems to use it too.
			 */
			p->sa.sin_len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
			p->sa.sin_family = AF_INET;
			p->sa.sin_port = port_number;
			p->sa.sin_addr.s_addr =
			     ((struct sockaddr_in *)&result)->sin_addr.s_addr;
		} else if (family == PF_INET6) {
			ipfw_insn_sa6 *p = (ipfw_insn_sa6 *)action;

			action->opcode = O_FORWARD_IP6;
			action->len = F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_sa6);
			CHECK_ACTLEN;

			p->sa.sin6_len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6);
			p->sa.sin6_family = AF_INET6;
			p->sa.sin6_port = port_number;
			p->sa.sin6_flowinfo = 0;
			p->sa.sin6_scope_id = 0;
			/* No table support for v6 yet. */
			bcopy(&((struct sockaddr_in6*)&result)->sin6_addr,
			    &p->sa.sin6_addr, sizeof(p->sa.sin6_addr));
		} else {
			errx(EX_DATAERR, "Invalid address family in forward action");
		}
		av++;
		break;
	    }
	case TOK_COMMENT:
		/* pretend it is a 'count' rule followed by the comment */
		action->opcode = O_COUNT;
		av--;		/* go back... */
		break;

	case TOK_SETFIB:
	    {
		int numfibs;
		size_t intsize = sizeof(int);

		action->opcode = O_SETFIB;
		NEED1("missing fib number");
		if (_substrcmp(*av, "tablearg") == 0) {
			action->arg1 = IP_FW_TABLEARG;
		} else {
		        action->arg1 = strtoul(*av, NULL, 10);
			if (sysctlbyname("net.fibs", &numfibs, &intsize,
			    NULL, 0) == -1)
				errx(EX_DATAERR, "fibs not suported.\n");
			if (action->arg1 >= numfibs)  /* Temporary */
				errx(EX_DATAERR, "fib too large.\n");
		}
		av++;
		break;
	    }

	case TOK_SETDSCP:
	    {
		int code;

		action->opcode = O_SETDSCP;
		NEED1("missing DSCP code");
		if (_substrcmp(*av, "tablearg") == 0) {
			action->arg1 = IP_FW_TABLEARG;
		} else if (isalpha(*av[0])) {
			if ((code = match_token(f_ipdscp, *av)) == -1)
				errx(EX_DATAERR, "Unknown DSCP code");
			action->arg1 = code;
		} else
		        action->arg1 = strtoul(*av, NULL, 10);
		av++;
		break;
	    }

	case TOK_REASS:
		action->opcode = O_REASS;
		break;

	case TOK_RETURN:
		fill_cmd(action, O_CALLRETURN, F_NOT, 0);
		break;

	default:
		errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid action %s\n", av[-1]);
	}
	action = next_cmd(action, &ablen);

	/*
	 * [altq queuename] -- altq tag, optional
	 * [log [logamount N]]	-- log, optional
	 *
	 * If they exist, it go first in the cmdbuf, but then it is
	 * skipped in the copy section to the end of the buffer.
	 */
	while (av[0] != NULL && (i = match_token(rule_action_params, *av)) != -1) {
		av++;
		switch (i) {
		case TOK_LOG:
		    {
			ipfw_insn_log *c = (ipfw_insn_log *)cmd;
			int l;

			if (have_log)
				errx(EX_DATAERR,
				    "log cannot be specified more than once");
			have_log = (ipfw_insn *)c;
			cmd->len = F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_log);
			CHECK_CMDLEN;
			cmd->opcode = O_LOG;
			if (av[0] && _substrcmp(*av, "logamount") == 0) {
				av++;
				NEED1("logamount requires argument");
				l = atoi(*av);
				if (l < 0)
					errx(EX_DATAERR,
					    "logamount must be positive");
				c->max_log = l;
				av++;
			} else {
				len = sizeof(c->max_log);
				if (sysctlbyname("net.inet.ip.fw.verbose_limit",
				    &c->max_log, &len, NULL, 0) == -1) {
					if (co.test_only) {
						c->max_log = 0;
						break;
					}
					errx(1, "sysctlbyname(\"%s\")",
					    "net.inet.ip.fw.verbose_limit");
				}
			}
		    }
			break;

#ifndef NO_ALTQ
		case TOK_ALTQ:
		    {
			ipfw_insn_altq *a = (ipfw_insn_altq *)cmd;

			NEED1("missing altq queue name");
			if (have_altq)
				errx(EX_DATAERR,
				    "altq cannot be specified more than once");
			have_altq = (ipfw_insn *)a;
			cmd->len = F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_altq);
			CHECK_CMDLEN;
			cmd->opcode = O_ALTQ;
			a->qid = altq_name_to_qid(*av);
			av++;
		    }
			break;
#endif

		case TOK_TAG:
		case TOK_UNTAG: {
			uint16_t tag;

			if (have_tag)
				errx(EX_USAGE, "tag and untag cannot be "
				    "specified more than once");
			GET_UINT_ARG(tag, IPFW_ARG_MIN, IPFW_ARG_MAX, i,
			   rule_action_params);
			have_tag = cmd;
			fill_cmd(cmd, O_TAG, (i == TOK_TAG) ? 0: F_NOT, tag);
			av++;
			break;
		}

		default:
			abort();
		}
		cmd = next_cmd(cmd, &cblen);
	}

	if (have_state)	/* must be a check-state, we are done */
		goto done;

#define OR_START(target)					\
	if (av[0] && (*av[0] == '(' || *av[0] == '{')) { 	\
		if (open_par)					\
			errx(EX_USAGE, "nested \"(\" not allowed\n"); \
		prev = NULL;					\
		open_par = 1;					\
		if ( (av[0])[1] == '\0') {			\
			av++;					\
		} else						\
			(*av)++;				\
	}							\
	target:							\


#define	CLOSE_PAR						\
	if (open_par) {						\
		if (av[0] && (					\
		    strcmp(*av, ")") == 0 ||			\
		    strcmp(*av, "}") == 0)) {			\
			prev = NULL;				\
			open_par = 0;				\
			av++;					\
		} else						\
			errx(EX_USAGE, "missing \")\"\n");	\
	}

#define NOT_BLOCK						\
	if (av[0] && _substrcmp(*av, "not") == 0) {		\
		if (cmd->len & F_NOT)				\
			errx(EX_USAGE, "double \"not\" not allowed\n"); \
		cmd->len |= F_NOT;				\
		av++;						\
	}

#define OR_BLOCK(target)					\
	if (av[0] && _substrcmp(*av, "or") == 0) {		\
		if (prev == NULL || open_par == 0)		\
			errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid OR block");	\
		prev->len |= F_OR;				\
		av++;					\
		goto target;					\
	}							\
	CLOSE_PAR;

	first_cmd = cmd;

#if 0
	/*
	 * MAC addresses, optional.
	 * If we have this, we skip the part "proto from src to dst"
	 * and jump straight to the option parsing.
	 */
	NOT_BLOCK;
	NEED1("missing protocol");
	if (_substrcmp(*av, "MAC") == 0 ||
	    _substrcmp(*av, "mac") == 0) {
		av++;			/* the "MAC" keyword */
		add_mac(cmd, av);	/* exits in case of errors */
		cmd = next_cmd(cmd);
		av += 2;		/* dst-mac and src-mac */
		NOT_BLOCK;
		NEED1("missing mac type");
		if (add_mactype(cmd, av[0]))
			cmd = next_cmd(cmd);
		av++;			/* any or mac-type */
		goto read_options;
	}
#endif

	/*
	 * protocol, mandatory
	 */
    OR_START(get_proto);
	NOT_BLOCK;
	NEED1("missing protocol");
	if (add_proto_compat(cmd, *av, &proto)) {
		av++;
		if (F_LEN(cmd) != 0) {
			prev = cmd;
			cmd = next_cmd(cmd, &cblen);
		}
	} else if (first_cmd != cmd) {
		errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid protocol ``%s''", *av);
	} else
		goto read_options;
    OR_BLOCK(get_proto);

	/*
	 * "from", mandatory
	 */
	if ((av[0] == NULL) || _substrcmp(*av, "from") != 0)
		errx(EX_USAGE, "missing ``from''");
	av++;

	/*
	 * source IP, mandatory
	 */
    OR_START(source_ip);
	NOT_BLOCK;	/* optional "not" */
	NEED1("missing source address");
	if (add_src(cmd, *av, proto, cblen)) {
		av++;
		if (F_LEN(cmd) != 0) {	/* ! any */
			prev = cmd;
			cmd = next_cmd(cmd, &cblen);
		}
	} else
		errx(EX_USAGE, "bad source address %s", *av);
    OR_BLOCK(source_ip);

	/*
	 * source ports, optional
	 */
	NOT_BLOCK;	/* optional "not" */
	if ( av[0] != NULL ) {
		if (_substrcmp(*av, "any") == 0 ||
		    add_ports(cmd, *av, proto, O_IP_SRCPORT, cblen)) {
			av++;
			if (F_LEN(cmd) != 0)
				cmd = next_cmd(cmd, &cblen);
		}
	}

	/*
	 * "to", mandatory
	 */
	if ( (av[0] == NULL) || _substrcmp(*av, "to") != 0 )
		errx(EX_USAGE, "missing ``to''");
	av++;

	/*
	 * destination, mandatory
	 */
    OR_START(dest_ip);
	NOT_BLOCK;	/* optional "not" */
	NEED1("missing dst address");
	if (add_dst(cmd, *av, proto, cblen)) {
		av++;
		if (F_LEN(cmd) != 0) {	/* ! any */
			prev = cmd;
			cmd = next_cmd(cmd, &cblen);
		}
	} else
		errx( EX_USAGE, "bad destination address %s", *av);
    OR_BLOCK(dest_ip);

	/*
	 * dest. ports, optional
	 */
	NOT_BLOCK;	/* optional "not" */
	if (av[0]) {
		if (_substrcmp(*av, "any") == 0 ||
		    add_ports(cmd, *av, proto, O_IP_DSTPORT, cblen)) {
			av++;
			if (F_LEN(cmd) != 0)
				cmd = next_cmd(cmd, &cblen);
		}
	}

read_options:
	if (av[0] && first_cmd == cmd) {
		/*
		 * nothing specified so far, store in the rule to ease
		 * printout later.
		 */
		 rule->_pad = 1;
	}
	prev = NULL;
	while ( av[0] != NULL ) {
		char *s;
		ipfw_insn_u32 *cmd32;	/* alias for cmd */

		s = *av;
		cmd32 = (ipfw_insn_u32 *)cmd;

		if (*s == '!') {	/* alternate syntax for NOT */
			if (cmd->len & F_NOT)
				errx(EX_USAGE, "double \"not\" not allowed\n");
			cmd->len = F_NOT;
			s++;
		}
		i = match_token(rule_options, s);
		av++;
		switch(i) {
		case TOK_NOT:
			if (cmd->len & F_NOT)
				errx(EX_USAGE, "double \"not\" not allowed\n");
			cmd->len = F_NOT;
			break;

		case TOK_OR:
			if (open_par == 0 || prev == NULL)
				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid \"or\" block\n");
			prev->len |= F_OR;
			break;

		case TOK_STARTBRACE:
			if (open_par)
				errx(EX_USAGE, "+nested \"(\" not allowed\n");
			open_par = 1;
			break;

		case TOK_ENDBRACE:
			if (!open_par)
				errx(EX_USAGE, "+missing \")\"\n");
			open_par = 0;
			prev = NULL;
			break;

		case TOK_IN:
			fill_cmd(cmd, O_IN, 0, 0);
			break;

		case TOK_OUT:
			cmd->len ^= F_NOT; /* toggle F_NOT */
			fill_cmd(cmd, O_IN, 0, 0);
			break;

		case TOK_DIVERTED:
			fill_cmd(cmd, O_DIVERTED, 0, 3);
			break;

		case TOK_DIVERTEDLOOPBACK:
			fill_cmd(cmd, O_DIVERTED, 0, 1);
			break;

		case TOK_DIVERTEDOUTPUT:
			fill_cmd(cmd, O_DIVERTED, 0, 2);
			break;

		case TOK_FRAG:
			fill_cmd(cmd, O_FRAG, 0, 0);
			break;

		case TOK_LAYER2:
			fill_cmd(cmd, O_LAYER2, 0, 0);
			break;

		case TOK_XMIT:
		case TOK_RECV:
		case TOK_VIA:
			NEED1("recv, xmit, via require interface name"
				" or address");
			fill_iface((ipfw_insn_if *)cmd, av[0], cblen);
			av++;
			if (F_LEN(cmd) == 0)	/* not a valid address */
				break;
			if (i == TOK_XMIT)
				cmd->opcode = O_XMIT;
			else if (i == TOK_RECV)
				cmd->opcode = O_RECV;
			else if (i == TOK_VIA)
				cmd->opcode = O_VIA;
			break;

		case TOK_ICMPTYPES:
			NEED1("icmptypes requires list of types");
			fill_icmptypes((ipfw_insn_u32 *)cmd, *av);
			av++;
			break;

		case TOK_ICMP6TYPES:
			NEED1("icmptypes requires list of types");
			fill_icmp6types((ipfw_insn_icmp6 *)cmd, *av, cblen);
			av++;
			break;

		case TOK_IPTTL:
			NEED1("ipttl requires TTL");
			if (strpbrk(*av, "-,")) {
			    if (!add_ports(cmd, *av, 0, O_IPTTL, cblen))
				errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid ipttl %s", *av);
			} else
			    fill_cmd(cmd, O_IPTTL, 0, strtoul(*av, NULL, 0));
			av++;
			break;

		case TOK_IPID:
			NEED1("ipid requires id");
			if (strpbrk(*av, "-,")) {
			    if (!add_ports(cmd, *av, 0, O_IPID, cblen))
				errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid ipid %s", *av);
			} else
			    fill_cmd(cmd, O_IPID, 0, strtoul(*av, NULL, 0));
			av++;
			break;

		case TOK_IPLEN:
			NEED1("iplen requires length");
			if (strpbrk(*av, "-,")) {
			    if (!add_ports(cmd, *av, 0, O_IPLEN, cblen))
				errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid ip len %s", *av);
			} else
			    fill_cmd(cmd, O_IPLEN, 0, strtoul(*av, NULL, 0));
			av++;
			break;

		case TOK_IPVER:
			NEED1("ipver requires version");
			fill_cmd(cmd, O_IPVER, 0, strtoul(*av, NULL, 0));
			av++;
			break;

		case TOK_IPPRECEDENCE:
			NEED1("ipprecedence requires value");
			fill_cmd(cmd, O_IPPRECEDENCE, 0,
			    (strtoul(*av, NULL, 0) & 7) << 5);
			av++;
			break;

		case TOK_DSCP:
			NEED1("missing DSCP code");
			fill_dscp(cmd, *av, cblen);
			av++;
			break;

		case TOK_IPOPTS:
			NEED1("missing argument for ipoptions");
			fill_flags(cmd, O_IPOPT, f_ipopts, *av);
			av++;
			break;

		case TOK_IPTOS:
			NEED1("missing argument for iptos");
			fill_flags(cmd, O_IPTOS, f_iptos, *av);
			av++;
			break;

		case TOK_UID:
			NEED1("uid requires argument");
		    {
			char *end;
			uid_t uid;
			struct passwd *pwd;

			cmd->opcode = O_UID;
			uid = strtoul(*av, &end, 0);
			pwd = (*end == '\0') ? getpwuid(uid) : getpwnam(*av);
			if (pwd == NULL)
				errx(EX_DATAERR, "uid \"%s\" nonexistent", *av);
			cmd32->d[0] = pwd->pw_uid;
			cmd->len |= F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_u32);
			av++;
		    }
			break;

		case TOK_GID:
			NEED1("gid requires argument");
		    {
			char *end;
			gid_t gid;
			struct group *grp;

			cmd->opcode = O_GID;
			gid = strtoul(*av, &end, 0);
			grp = (*end == '\0') ? getgrgid(gid) : getgrnam(*av);
			if (grp == NULL)
				errx(EX_DATAERR, "gid \"%s\" nonexistent", *av);
			cmd32->d[0] = grp->gr_gid;
			cmd->len |= F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_u32);
			av++;
		    }
			break;

		case TOK_JAIL:
			NEED1("jail requires argument");
		    {
			char *end;
			int jid;

			cmd->opcode = O_JAIL;
			jid = (int)strtol(*av, &end, 0);
			if (jid < 0 || *end != '\0')
				errx(EX_DATAERR, "jail requires prison ID");
			cmd32->d[0] = (uint32_t)jid;
			cmd->len |= F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_u32);
			av++;
		    }
			break;

		case TOK_ESTAB:
			fill_cmd(cmd, O_ESTAB, 0, 0);
			break;

		case TOK_SETUP:
			fill_cmd(cmd, O_TCPFLAGS, 0,
				(TH_SYN) | ( (TH_ACK) & 0xff) <<8 );
			break;

		case TOK_TCPDATALEN:
			NEED1("tcpdatalen requires length");
			if (strpbrk(*av, "-,")) {
			    if (!add_ports(cmd, *av, 0, O_TCPDATALEN, cblen))
				errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid tcpdata len %s", *av);
			} else
			    fill_cmd(cmd, O_TCPDATALEN, 0,
				    strtoul(*av, NULL, 0));
			av++;
			break;

		case TOK_TCPOPTS:
			NEED1("missing argument for tcpoptions");
			fill_flags(cmd, O_TCPOPTS, f_tcpopts, *av);
			av++;
			break;

		case TOK_TCPSEQ:
		case TOK_TCPACK:
			NEED1("tcpseq/tcpack requires argument");
			cmd->len = F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_u32);
			cmd->opcode = (i == TOK_TCPSEQ) ? O_TCPSEQ : O_TCPACK;
			cmd32->d[0] = htonl(strtoul(*av, NULL, 0));
			av++;
			break;

		case TOK_TCPWIN:
			NEED1("tcpwin requires length");
			if (strpbrk(*av, "-,")) {
			    if (!add_ports(cmd, *av, 0, O_TCPWIN, cblen))
				errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid tcpwin len %s", *av);
			} else
			    fill_cmd(cmd, O_TCPWIN, 0,
				    strtoul(*av, NULL, 0));
			av++;
			break;

		case TOK_TCPFLAGS:
			NEED1("missing argument for tcpflags");
			cmd->opcode = O_TCPFLAGS;
			fill_flags(cmd, O_TCPFLAGS, f_tcpflags, *av);
			av++;
			break;

		case TOK_KEEPSTATE:
			if (open_par)
				errx(EX_USAGE, "keep-state cannot be part "
				    "of an or block");
			if (have_state)
				errx(EX_USAGE, "only one of keep-state "
					"and limit is allowed");
			have_state = cmd;
			fill_cmd(cmd, O_KEEP_STATE, 0, 0);
			break;

		case TOK_LIMIT: {
			ipfw_insn_limit *c = (ipfw_insn_limit *)cmd;
			int val;

			if (open_par)
				errx(EX_USAGE,
				    "limit cannot be part of an or block");
			if (have_state)
				errx(EX_USAGE, "only one of keep-state and "
				    "limit is allowed");
			have_state = cmd;

			cmd->len = F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_limit);
			CHECK_CMDLEN;
			cmd->opcode = O_LIMIT;
			c->limit_mask = c->conn_limit = 0;

			while ( av[0] != NULL ) {
				if ((val = match_token(limit_masks, *av)) <= 0)
					break;
				c->limit_mask |= val;
				av++;
			}

			if (c->limit_mask == 0)
				errx(EX_USAGE, "limit: missing limit mask");

			GET_UINT_ARG(c->conn_limit, IPFW_ARG_MIN, IPFW_ARG_MAX,
			    TOK_LIMIT, rule_options);

			av++;
			break;
		}

		case TOK_PROTO:
			NEED1("missing protocol");
			if (add_proto(cmd, *av, &proto)) {
				av++;
			} else
				errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid protocol ``%s''",
				    *av);
			break;

		case TOK_SRCIP:
			NEED1("missing source IP");
			if (add_srcip(cmd, *av, cblen)) {
				av++;
			}
			break;

		case TOK_DSTIP:
			NEED1("missing destination IP");
			if (add_dstip(cmd, *av, cblen)) {
				av++;
			}
			break;

		case TOK_SRCIP6:
			NEED1("missing source IP6");
			if (add_srcip6(cmd, *av, cblen)) {
				av++;
			}
			break;

		case TOK_DSTIP6:
			NEED1("missing destination IP6");
			if (add_dstip6(cmd, *av, cblen)) {
				av++;
			}
			break;

		case TOK_SRCPORT:
			NEED1("missing source port");
			if (_substrcmp(*av, "any") == 0 ||
			    add_ports(cmd, *av, proto, O_IP_SRCPORT, cblen)) {
				av++;
			} else
				errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid source port %s", *av);
			break;

		case TOK_DSTPORT:
			NEED1("missing destination port");
			if (_substrcmp(*av, "any") == 0 ||
			    add_ports(cmd, *av, proto, O_IP_DSTPORT, cblen)) {
				av++;
			} else
				errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid destination port %s",
				    *av);
			break;

		case TOK_MAC:
			if (add_mac(cmd, av, cblen))
				av += 2;
			break;

		case TOK_MACTYPE:
			NEED1("missing mac type");
			if (!add_mactype(cmd, *av, cblen))
				errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid mac type %s", *av);
			av++;
			break;

		case TOK_VERREVPATH:
			fill_cmd(cmd, O_VERREVPATH, 0, 0);
			break;

		case TOK_VERSRCREACH:
			fill_cmd(cmd, O_VERSRCREACH, 0, 0);
			break;

		case TOK_ANTISPOOF:
			fill_cmd(cmd, O_ANTISPOOF, 0, 0);
			break;

		case TOK_IPSEC:
			fill_cmd(cmd, O_IPSEC, 0, 0);
			break;

		case TOK_IPV6:
			fill_cmd(cmd, O_IP6, 0, 0);
			break;

		case TOK_IPV4:
			fill_cmd(cmd, O_IP4, 0, 0);
			break;

		case TOK_EXT6HDR:
			fill_ext6hdr( cmd, *av );
			av++;
			break;

		case TOK_FLOWID:
			if (proto != IPPROTO_IPV6 )
				errx( EX_USAGE, "flow-id filter is active "
				    "only for ipv6 protocol\n");
			fill_flow6( (ipfw_insn_u32 *) cmd, *av, cblen);
			av++;
			break;

		case TOK_COMMENT:
			fill_comment(cmd, av, cblen);
			av[0]=NULL;
			break;

		case TOK_TAGGED:
			if (av[0] && strpbrk(*av, "-,")) {
				if (!add_ports(cmd, *av, 0, O_TAGGED, cblen))
					errx(EX_DATAERR, "tagged: invalid tag"
					    " list: %s", *av);
			}
			else {
				uint16_t tag;

				GET_UINT_ARG(tag, IPFW_ARG_MIN, IPFW_ARG_MAX,
				    TOK_TAGGED, rule_options);
				fill_cmd(cmd, O_TAGGED, 0, tag);
			}
			av++;
			break;

		case TOK_FIB:
			NEED1("fib requires fib number");
			fill_cmd(cmd, O_FIB, 0, strtoul(*av, NULL, 0));
			av++;
			break;
		case TOK_SOCKARG:
			fill_cmd(cmd, O_SOCKARG, 0, 0);
			break;

		case TOK_LOOKUP: {
			ipfw_insn_u32 *c = (ipfw_insn_u32 *)cmd;
			char *p;
			int j;

			if (!av[0] || !av[1])
				errx(EX_USAGE, "format: lookup argument tablenum");
			cmd->opcode = O_IP_DST_LOOKUP;
			cmd->len |= F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn) + 2;
			i = match_token(rule_options, *av);
			for (j = 0; lookup_key[j] >= 0 ; j++) {
				if (i == lookup_key[j])
					break;
			}
			if (lookup_key[j] <= 0)
				errx(EX_USAGE, "format: cannot lookup on %s", *av);
			__PAST_END(c->d, 1) = j; // i converted to option
			av++;
			cmd->arg1 = strtoul(*av, &p, 0);
			if (p && *p)
				errx(EX_USAGE, "format: lookup argument tablenum");
			av++;
		    }
			break;

		default:
			errx(EX_USAGE, "unrecognised option [%d] %s\n", i, s);
		}
		if (F_LEN(cmd) > 0) {	/* prepare to advance */
			prev = cmd;
			cmd = next_cmd(cmd, &cblen);
		}
	}

done:
	/*
	 * Now copy stuff into the rule.
	 * If we have a keep-state option, the first instruction
	 * must be a PROBE_STATE (which is generated here).
	 * If we have a LOG option, it was stored as the first command,
	 * and now must be moved to the top of the action part.
	 */
	dst = (ipfw_insn *)rule->cmd;

	/*
	 * First thing to write into the command stream is the match probability.
	 */
	if (match_prob != 1) { /* 1 means always match */
		dst->opcode = O_PROB;
		dst->len = 2;
		*((int32_t *)(dst+1)) = (int32_t)(match_prob * 0x7fffffff);
		dst += dst->len;
	}

	/*
	 * generate O_PROBE_STATE if necessary
	 */
	if (have_state && have_state->opcode != O_CHECK_STATE) {
		fill_cmd(dst, O_PROBE_STATE, 0, 0);
		dst = next_cmd(dst, &rblen);
	}

	/* copy all commands but O_LOG, O_KEEP_STATE, O_LIMIT, O_ALTQ, O_TAG */
	for (src = (ipfw_insn *)cmdbuf; src != cmd; src += i) {
		i = F_LEN(src);
		CHECK_RBUFLEN(i);

		switch (src->opcode) {
		case O_LOG:
		case O_KEEP_STATE:
		case O_LIMIT:
		case O_ALTQ:
		case O_TAG:
			break;
		default:
			bcopy(src, dst, i * sizeof(uint32_t));
			dst += i;
		}
	}

	/*
	 * put back the have_state command as last opcode
	 */
	if (have_state && have_state->opcode != O_CHECK_STATE) {
		i = F_LEN(have_state);
		CHECK_RBUFLEN(i);
		bcopy(have_state, dst, i * sizeof(uint32_t));
		dst += i;
	}
	/*
	 * start action section
	 */
	rule->act_ofs = dst - rule->cmd;

	/* put back O_LOG, O_ALTQ, O_TAG if necessary */
	if (have_log) {
		i = F_LEN(have_log);
		CHECK_RBUFLEN(i);
		bcopy(have_log, dst, i * sizeof(uint32_t));
		dst += i;
	}
	if (have_altq) {
		i = F_LEN(have_altq);
		CHECK_RBUFLEN(i);
		bcopy(have_altq, dst, i * sizeof(uint32_t));
		dst += i;
	}
	if (have_tag) {
		i = F_LEN(have_tag);
		CHECK_RBUFLEN(i);
		bcopy(have_tag, dst, i * sizeof(uint32_t));
		dst += i;
	}

	/*
	 * copy all other actions
	 */
	for (src = (ipfw_insn *)actbuf; src != action; src += i) {
		i = F_LEN(src);
		CHECK_RBUFLEN(i);
		bcopy(src, dst, i * sizeof(uint32_t));
		dst += i;
	}

	rule->cmd_len = (uint32_t *)dst - (uint32_t *)(rule->cmd);
	i = (char *)dst - (char *)rule;
	if (do_cmd(IP_FW_ADD, rule, (uintptr_t)&i) == -1)
		err(EX_UNAVAILABLE, "getsockopt(%s)", "IP_FW_ADD");
	if (!co.do_quiet)
		show_ipfw(rule, 0, 0);
}

/*
 * clear the counters or the log counters.
 */
void
ipfw_zero(int ac, char *av[], int optname /* 0 = IP_FW_ZERO, 1 = IP_FW_RESETLOG */)
{
	uint32_t arg, saved_arg;
	int failed = EX_OK;
	char const *errstr;
	char const *name = optname ? "RESETLOG" : "ZERO";

	optname = optname ? IP_FW_RESETLOG : IP_FW_ZERO;

	av++; ac--;

	if (!ac) {
		/* clear all entries */
		if (do_cmd(optname, NULL, 0) < 0)
			err(EX_UNAVAILABLE, "setsockopt(IP_FW_%s)", name);
		if (!co.do_quiet)
			printf("%s.\n", optname == IP_FW_ZERO ?
			    "Accounting cleared":"Logging counts reset");

		return;
	}

	while (ac) {
		/* Rule number */
		if (isdigit(**av)) {
			arg = strtonum(*av, 0, 0xffff, &errstr);
			if (errstr)
				errx(EX_DATAERR,
				    "invalid rule number %s\n", *av);
			saved_arg = arg;
			if (co.use_set)
				arg |= (1 << 24) | ((co.use_set - 1) << 16);
			av++;
			ac--;
			if (do_cmd(optname, &arg, sizeof(arg))) {
				warn("rule %u: setsockopt(IP_FW_%s)",
				    saved_arg, name);
				failed = EX_UNAVAILABLE;
			} else if (!co.do_quiet)
				printf("Entry %d %s.\n", saved_arg,
				    optname == IP_FW_ZERO ?
					"cleared" : "logging count reset");
		} else {
			errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid rule number ``%s''", *av);
		}
	}
	if (failed != EX_OK)
		exit(failed);
}

void
ipfw_flush(int force)
{
	int cmd = co.do_pipe ? IP_DUMMYNET_FLUSH : IP_FW_FLUSH;

	if (!force && !co.do_quiet) { /* need to ask user */
		int c;

		printf("Are you sure? [yn] ");
		fflush(stdout);
		do {
			c = toupper(getc(stdin));
			while (c != '\n' && getc(stdin) != '\n')
				if (feof(stdin))
					return; /* and do not flush */
		} while (c != 'Y' && c != 'N');
		printf("\n");
		if (c == 'N')	/* user said no */
			return;
	}
	if (co.do_pipe) {
		dummynet_flush();
		return;
	}
	/* `ipfw set N flush` - is the same that `ipfw delete set N` */
	if (co.use_set) {
		uint32_t arg = ((co.use_set - 1) & 0xffff) | (1 << 24);
		if (do_cmd(IP_FW_DEL, &arg, sizeof(arg)) < 0)
			err(EX_UNAVAILABLE, "setsockopt(IP_FW_DEL)");
	} else if (do_cmd(cmd, NULL, 0) < 0)
		err(EX_UNAVAILABLE, "setsockopt(IP_%s_FLUSH)",
		    co.do_pipe ? "DUMMYNET" : "FW");
	if (!co.do_quiet)
		printf("Flushed all %s.\n", co.do_pipe ? "pipes" : "rules");
}


static void table_list(uint16_t num, int need_header);
static void table_fill_xentry(char *arg, ipfw_table_xentry *xent);

/*
 * This one handles all table-related commands
 * 	ipfw table N add addr[/masklen] [value]
 * 	ipfw table N delete addr[/masklen]
 * 	ipfw table {N | all} flush
 * 	ipfw table {N | all} list
 */
void
ipfw_table_handler(int ac, char *av[])
{
	ipfw_table_xentry xent;
	int do_add;
	int is_all;
	size_t len;
	uint32_t a;
	uint32_t tables_max;

	len = sizeof(tables_max);
	if (sysctlbyname("net.inet.ip.fw.tables_max", &tables_max, &len,
	    NULL, 0) == -1) {
		if (co.test_only)
			tables_max = 128; /* Old conservative default */
		else
			errx(1, "Can't determine maximum number of ipfw tables."
			    " Perhaps you forgot to load ipfw module?");
	}

	memset(&xent, 0, sizeof(xent));

	ac--; av++;
	if (ac && isdigit(**av)) {
		xent.tbl = atoi(*av);
		is_all = 0;
		ac--; av++;
	} else if (ac && _substrcmp(*av, "all") == 0) {
		xent.tbl = 0;
		is_all = 1;
		ac--; av++;
	} else
		errx(EX_USAGE, "table number or 'all' keyword required");
	if (xent.tbl >= tables_max)
		errx(EX_USAGE, "The table number exceeds the maximum allowed "
			"value (%d)", tables_max - 1);
	NEED1("table needs command");
	if (is_all && _substrcmp(*av, "list") != 0
		   && _substrcmp(*av, "flush") != 0)
		errx(EX_USAGE, "table number required");

	if (_substrcmp(*av, "add") == 0 ||
	    _substrcmp(*av, "delete") == 0) {
		do_add = **av == 'a';
		ac--; av++;
		if (!ac)
			errx(EX_USAGE, "address required");

		table_fill_xentry(*av, &xent);

		ac--; av++;
		if (do_add && ac) {
			unsigned int tval;
			/* isdigit is a bit of a hack here.. */
			if (strchr(*av, (int)'.') == NULL && isdigit(**av))  {
				xent.value = strtoul(*av, NULL, 0);
			} else {
				if (lookup_host(*av, (struct in_addr *)&tval) == 0) {
					/* The value must be stored in host order	 *
					 * so that the values < 65k can be distinguished */
		       			xent.value = ntohl(tval);
				} else {
					errx(EX_NOHOST, "hostname ``%s'' unknown", *av);
				}
			}
		} else
			xent.value = 0;
		if (do_setcmd3(do_add ? IP_FW_TABLE_XADD : IP_FW_TABLE_XDEL,
		    &xent, xent.len) < 0) {
			/* If running silent, don't bomb out on these errors. */
			if (!(co.do_quiet && (errno == (do_add ? EEXIST : ESRCH))))
				err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt(IP_FW_TABLE_%s)",
				    do_add ? "XADD" : "XDEL");
			/* In silent mode, react to a failed add by deleting */
			if (do_add) {
				do_setcmd3(IP_FW_TABLE_XDEL, &xent, xent.len);
				if (do_setcmd3(IP_FW_TABLE_XADD, &xent, xent.len) < 0)
					err(EX_OSERR,
					    "setsockopt(IP_FW_TABLE_XADD)");
			}
		}
	} else if (_substrcmp(*av, "flush") == 0) {
		a = is_all ? tables_max : (uint32_t)(xent.tbl + 1);
		do {
			if (do_cmd(IP_FW_TABLE_FLUSH, &xent.tbl,
			    sizeof(xent.tbl)) < 0)
				err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt(IP_FW_TABLE_FLUSH)");
		} while (++xent.tbl < a);
	} else if (_substrcmp(*av, "list") == 0) {
		a = is_all ? tables_max : (uint32_t)(xent.tbl + 1);
		do {
			table_list(xent.tbl, is_all);
		} while (++xent.tbl < a);
	} else
		errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid table command %s", *av);
}

static void
table_fill_xentry(char *arg, ipfw_table_xentry *xent)
{
	int addrlen, mask, masklen, type;
	struct in6_addr *paddr;
	uint32_t *pkey;
	char *p;
	uint32_t key;

	mask = 0;
	type = 0;
	addrlen = 0;
	masklen = 0;

	/*
	 * Let's try to guess type by agrument.
	 * Possible types:
	 * 1) IPv4[/mask]
	 * 2) IPv6[/mask]
	 * 3) interface name
	 * 4) port, uid/gid or other u32 key (base 10 format)
	 * 5) hostname
	 */
	paddr = &xent->k.addr6;
	if (ishexnumber(*arg) != 0 || *arg == ':') {
		/* Remove / if exists */
		if ((p = strchr(arg, '/')) != NULL) {
			*p = '\0';
			mask = atoi(p + 1);
		}

		if (inet_pton(AF_INET, arg, paddr) == 1) {
			if (p != NULL && mask > 32)
				errx(EX_DATAERR, "bad IPv4 mask width: %s",
				    p + 1);

			type = IPFW_TABLE_CIDR;
			masklen = p ? mask : 32;
			addrlen = sizeof(struct in_addr);
		} else if (inet_pton(AF_INET6, arg, paddr) == 1) {
			if (IN6_IS_ADDR_V4COMPAT(paddr))
				errx(EX_DATAERR,
				    "Use IPv4 instead of v4-compatible");
			if (p != NULL && mask > 128)
				errx(EX_DATAERR, "bad IPv6 mask width: %s",
				    p + 1);

			type = IPFW_TABLE_CIDR;
			masklen = p ? mask : 128;
			addrlen = sizeof(struct in6_addr);
		} else {
			/* Port or any other key */
			key = strtol(arg, &p, 10);
			/* Skip non-base 10 entries like 'fa1' */
			if (p != arg) {
				pkey = (uint32_t *)paddr;
				*pkey = htonl(key);
				type = IPFW_TABLE_CIDR;
				addrlen = sizeof(uint32_t);
			}
		}
	}

	if (type == 0 && strchr(arg, '.') == NULL) {
		/* Assume interface name. Copy significant data only */
		mask = MIN(strlen(arg), IF_NAMESIZE - 1);
		memcpy(xent->k.iface, arg, mask);
		/* Set mask to exact match */
		masklen = 8 * IF_NAMESIZE;
		type = IPFW_TABLE_INTERFACE;
		addrlen = IF_NAMESIZE;
	}

	if (type == 0) {
		if (lookup_host(arg, (struct in_addr *)paddr) != 0)
			errx(EX_NOHOST, "hostname ``%s'' unknown", arg);

		masklen = 32;
		type = IPFW_TABLE_CIDR;
		addrlen = sizeof(struct in_addr);
	}

	xent->type = type;
	xent->masklen = masklen;
	xent->len = offsetof(ipfw_table_xentry, k) + addrlen;
}

static void
table_list(uint16_t num, int need_header)
{
	ipfw_xtable *tbl;
	ipfw_table_xentry *xent;
	socklen_t l;
	uint32_t *a, sz, tval;
	char tbuf[128];
	struct in6_addr *addr6;
	ip_fw3_opheader *op3;

	/* Prepend value with IP_FW3 header */
	l = sizeof(ip_fw3_opheader) + sizeof(uint32_t);
	op3 = alloca(l);
	/* Zero reserved fields */
	memset(op3, 0, sizeof(ip_fw3_opheader));
	a = (uint32_t *)(op3 + 1);
	*a = num;
	op3->opcode = IP_FW_TABLE_XGETSIZE;
	if (do_cmd(IP_FW3, op3, (uintptr_t)&l) < 0)
		err(EX_OSERR, "getsockopt(IP_FW_TABLE_XGETSIZE)");

	/* If a is zero we have nothing to do, the table is empty. */
	if (*a == 0)
		return;

	l = *a;
	tbl = safe_calloc(1, l);
	tbl->opheader.opcode = IP_FW_TABLE_XLIST;
	tbl->tbl = num;
	if (do_cmd(IP_FW3, tbl, (uintptr_t)&l) < 0)
		err(EX_OSERR, "getsockopt(IP_FW_TABLE_XLIST)");
	if (tbl->cnt && need_header)
		printf("---table(%d)---\n", tbl->tbl);
	sz = tbl->size - sizeof(ipfw_xtable);
	xent = &tbl->xent[0];
	while (sz > 0) {
		switch (tbl->type) {
		case IPFW_TABLE_CIDR:
			/* IPv4 or IPv6 prefixes */
			tval = xent->value;
			addr6 = &xent->k.addr6;


			if (IN6_IS_ADDR_V4COMPAT(addr6)) {
				/* IPv4 address */
				inet_ntop(AF_INET, &addr6->s6_addr32[3], tbuf, sizeof(tbuf));
			} else {
				/* IPv6 address */
				inet_ntop(AF_INET6, addr6, tbuf, sizeof(tbuf));
			}

			if (co.do_value_as_ip) {
				tval = htonl(tval);
				printf("%s/%u %s\n", tbuf, xent->masklen,
				    inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&tval));
			} else
				printf("%s/%u %u\n", tbuf, xent->masklen, tval);
			break;
		case IPFW_TABLE_INTERFACE:
			/* Interface names */
			tval = xent->value;
			if (co.do_value_as_ip) {
				tval = htonl(tval);
				printf("%s %s\n", xent->k.iface,
				    inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&tval));
			} else
				printf("%s %u\n", xent->k.iface, tval);
		}

		if (sz < xent->len)
			break;
		sz -= xent->len;
		xent = (ipfw_table_xentry *)((char *)xent + xent->len);
	}

	free(tbl);
}