MFC r327317:

humanize_number(3): fix math edge case in rounding large numbers

Fix for remainder overflow, when in rare cases adding remainder to divider
exceeded 1 and turned the total to 1000 in final formatting, taking up
the space for the unit character.

The fix continues the division of the original number if the above case
happens -- added the appropriate check to the for loop performing
the division. This lowers the value shown, to make it fit into the buffer
space provided (1.0M for 4+1 character buffer, as used by ls).

Add test case for the reported bug and extend test program to support
providing buffer length (ls -lh uses 5, tests hard-coded 4).

PR: 224498

MFC r316766:

Correct an out of bounds read with HN_AUTOSCALE and very large numbers.

The maximum scale is 6 (K, M, G, T, P, E) (B is 0).

Overly large explict scales were checked correctly, but for sufficently
large numbers HN_AUTOSCALE would get to 7 resulting in an out of bounds
read.

Found with humanize_number_test and CHERI bounds checking.

Reviewed by: emaste
Obtained from: CheriBSD
Sponsored by: DARPA, AFRL

Copy head (r256279) to stable/10 as part of the 10.0-RELEASE cycle.

Approved by: re (implicit)
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation

don't assert on bad args, instead return an error..

Since so many programs don't check return value, always NUL terminate
the buf...

fix rounding when using base 1024 (the bug that started it all)...

add a set of test cases so we can make sure that things don't break
in the future...

Thanks to Clifton Royston for testing and the test program...

Approved by: re (hrs, glebius)
MFC after: 1 week

Fix IEC / SI binary prefixes (Ki, Mi, Gi, etc) production by humanize_number(3)

PR: bin/171487
Submitted by: matthew
MFC after: 1 week

Add support for IEE/IEC (and now also SI) power of two notions of
prefixes (Ki, Mi, Gi...) for humanize_number(3).

Note that applications has to pass HN_IEC_PREFIXES to use this
feature for backward compatibility reasons.

Reviewed by: arundel
MFC after: 2 weeks

humanize_number(3) multiply the input number by 100, which could cause an
integer overflow when the input is very large (for example, 100 Pi would
become about 10 Ei which exceeded signed int64_t).

Solve this issue by splitting the division into two parts and avoid the
multiplication.

PR: bin/146205
Reviewed by: arundel
MFC after: 1 month

Merge NetBSD revision 1.14: humanize_number.c is now 2-clause BSD licensed.
(humanize_number.3 intentionally hold back until I make sure why we didn't
merged dehumanize_number(3)).

Obtained from: NetBSD

Merge changes from NetBSD on humanize_number.c, 1.8 -> 1.13
Significant changes:
- rev. 1.11: Use PRId64 instead of a cast to long long and %lld to print
an int64_t.
- rev. 1.12: Fix a bug that humanize_number() produces "1000" where it
should be "1.0G" or "1.0M". The bug reported by Greg Troxel.

PR: 118461
PR: 102694
Approved by: rwatson (mentor)
Obtained from: NetBSD
MFC after: 1 month

Take the lastest fixes from NetBSD.

Obtained from: NetBSD

Add humanize_number(3) to libutil for formating numbers into a human
readable form.

Obtained from: NetBSD