internal/parser/Parser.java

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2010, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 *
 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
 * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
 * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
 *
 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
 * accompanied this code).
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 *
 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
 * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 * questions.
 */

package jdk.nashorn.internal.parser;

import static jdk.nashorn.internal.codegen.CompilerConstants.ANON_FUNCTION_PREFIX;
import static jdk.nashorn.internal.codegen.CompilerConstants.EVAL;
import static jdk.nashorn.internal.codegen.CompilerConstants.PROGRAM;
import static jdk.nashorn.internal.parser.TokenType.ASSIGN;
import static jdk.nashorn.internal.parser.TokenType.CASE;
import static jdk.nashorn.internal.parser.TokenType.CATCH;
import static jdk.nashorn.internal.parser.TokenType.COLON;
import static jdk.nashorn.internal.parser.TokenType.COMMARIGHT;
import static jdk.nashorn.internal.parser.TokenType.CONST;
import static jdk.nashorn.internal.parser.TokenType.DECPOSTFIX;
import static jdk.nashorn.internal.parser.TokenType.DECPREFIX;
import static jdk.nashorn.internal.parser.TokenType.ELSE;
import static jdk.nashorn.internal.parser.TokenType.EOF;
import static jdk.nashorn.internal.parser.TokenType.EOL;
import static jdk.nashorn.internal.parser.TokenType.FINALLY;
import static jdk.nashorn.internal.parser.TokenType.FUNCTION;
import static jdk.nashorn.internal.parser.TokenType.IDENT;
import static jdk.nashorn.internal.parser.TokenType.IF;
import static jdk.nashorn.internal.parser.TokenType.INCPOSTFIX;
import static jdk.nashorn.internal.parser.TokenType.LBRACE;
import static jdk.nashorn.internal.parser.TokenType.LPAREN;
import static jdk.nashorn.internal.parser.TokenType.RBRACE;
import static jdk.nashorn.internal.parser.TokenType.RBRACKET;
import static jdk.nashorn.internal.parser.TokenType.RPAREN;
import static jdk.nashorn.internal.parser.TokenType.SEMICOLON;
import static jdk.nashorn.internal.parser.TokenType.TERNARY;
import static jdk.nashorn.internal.parser.TokenType.WHILE;

import java.util.ArrayDeque;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Deque;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import jdk.internal.dynalink.support.NameCodec;
import jdk.nashorn.internal.codegen.CompilerConstants;
import jdk.nashorn.internal.codegen.Namespace;
import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.AccessNode;
import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.BaseNode;
import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.BinaryNode;
import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.Block;
import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.BlockLexicalContext;
import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.BlockStatement;
import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.BreakNode;
import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.BreakableNode;
import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.CallNode;
import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.CaseNode;
import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.CatchNode;
import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.ContinueNode;
import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.EmptyNode;
import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.Expression;
import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.ExpressionStatement;
import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.ForNode;
import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.FunctionNode;
import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.FunctionNode.CompilationState;
import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.IdentNode;
import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.IfNode;
import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.IndexNode;
import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.JoinPredecessorExpression;
import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.LabelNode;
import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.LexicalContext;
import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.LiteralNode;
import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.LoopNode;
import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.Node;
import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.ObjectNode;
import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.PropertyKey;
import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.PropertyNode;
import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.ReturnNode;
import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.RuntimeNode;
import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.Statement;
import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.SwitchNode;
import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.TernaryNode;
import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.ThrowNode;
import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.TryNode;
import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.UnaryNode;
import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.VarNode;
import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.WhileNode;
import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.WithNode;
import jdk.nashorn.internal.runtime.Context;
import jdk.nashorn.internal.runtime.ErrorManager;
import jdk.nashorn.internal.runtime.JSErrorType;
import jdk.nashorn.internal.runtime.ParserException;
import jdk.nashorn.internal.runtime.RecompilableScriptFunctionData;
import jdk.nashorn.internal.runtime.ScriptEnvironment;
import jdk.nashorn.internal.runtime.ScriptingFunctions;
import jdk.nashorn.internal.runtime.Source;
import jdk.nashorn.internal.runtime.logging.DebugLogger;
import jdk.nashorn.internal.runtime.logging.Loggable;
import jdk.nashorn.internal.runtime.logging.Logger;

/**
 * Builds the IR.
 */
@Logger(name="parser")
public class Parser extends AbstractParser implements Loggable {
    private static final String ARGUMENTS_NAME = CompilerConstants.ARGUMENTS_VAR.symbolName();

    /** Current env. */
    private final ScriptEnvironment env;

    /** Is scripting mode. */
    private final boolean scripting;

    private List<Statement> functionDeclarations;

    private final BlockLexicalContext lc = new BlockLexicalContext();
    private final Deque<Object> defaultNames = new ArrayDeque<>();

    /** Namespace for function names where not explicitly given */
    private final Namespace namespace;

    private final DebugLogger log;

    /** to receive line information from Lexer when scanning multine literals. */
    protected final Lexer.LineInfoReceiver lineInfoReceiver;

    private int nextFunctionId;

    /**
     * Constructor
     *
     * @param env     script environment
     * @param source  source to parse
     * @param errors  error manager
     */
    public Parser(final ScriptEnvironment env, final Source source, final ErrorManager errors) {
        this(env, source, errors, env._strict, null);
    }

    /**
     * Constructor
     *
     * @param env     script environment
     * @param source  source to parse
     * @param errors  error manager
     * @param strict  strict
     * @param log debug logger if one is needed
     */
    public Parser(final ScriptEnvironment env, final Source source, final ErrorManager errors, final boolean strict, final DebugLogger log) {
        this(env, source, errors, strict, FunctionNode.FIRST_FUNCTION_ID, 0, log);
    }

    /**
     * Construct a parser.
     *
     * @param env     script environment
     * @param source  source to parse
     * @param errors  error manager
     * @param strict  parser created with strict mode enabled.
     * @param nextFunctionId  starting value for assigning new unique ids to function nodes
     * @param lineOffset line offset to start counting lines from
     * @param log debug logger if one is needed
     */
    public Parser(final ScriptEnvironment env, final Source source, final ErrorManager errors, final boolean strict, final int nextFunctionId, final int lineOffset, final DebugLogger log) {
        super(source, errors, strict, lineOffset);
        this.env = env;
        this.namespace = new Namespace(env.getNamespace());
        this.nextFunctionId    = nextFunctionId;
        this.scripting = env._scripting;
        if (this.scripting) {
            this.lineInfoReceiver = new Lexer.LineInfoReceiver() {
                @Override
                public void lineInfo(final int receiverLine, final int receiverLinePosition) {
                    // update the parser maintained line information
                    Parser.this.line = receiverLine;
                    Parser.this.linePosition = receiverLinePosition;
                }
            };
        } else {
            // non-scripting mode script can't have multi-line literals
            this.lineInfoReceiver = null;
        }

        this.log = log == null ? DebugLogger.DISABLED_LOGGER : log;
    }

    @Override
    public DebugLogger getLogger() {
        return log;
    }

    @Override
    public DebugLogger initLogger(final Context context) {
        return context.getLogger(this.getClass());
    }

    /**
     * Sets the name for the first function. This is only used when reparsing anonymous functions to ensure they can
     * preserve their already assigned name, as that name doesn't appear in their source text.
     * @param name the name for the first parsed function.
     */
    public void setFunctionName(final String name) {
        defaultNames.push(new IdentNode(0, 0, name));
    }

    /**
     * Execute parse and return the resulting function node.
     * Errors will be thrown and the error manager will contain information
     * if parsing should fail
     *
     * This is the default parse call, which will name the function node
     * {code :program} {@link CompilerConstants#PROGRAM}
     *
     * @return function node resulting from successful parse
     */
    public FunctionNode parse() {
        return parse(PROGRAM.symbolName(), 0, source.getLength(), false);
    }

    /**
     * Execute parse and return the resulting function node.
     * Errors will be thrown and the error manager will contain information
     * if parsing should fail
     *
     * This should be used to create one and only one function node
     *
     * @param scriptName name for the script, given to the parsed FunctionNode
     * @param startPos start position in source
     * @param len length of parse
     * @param allowPropertyFunction if true, "get" and "set" are allowed as first tokens of the program, followed by
     * a property getter or setter function. This is used when reparsing a function that can potentially be defined as a
     * property getter or setter in an object literal.
     *
     * @return function node resulting from successful parse
     */
    public FunctionNode parse(final String scriptName, final int startPos, final int len, final boolean allowPropertyFunction) {
        final boolean isTimingEnabled = env.isTimingEnabled();
        final long t0 = isTimingEnabled ? System.currentTimeMillis() : 0L;
        log.info(this, " begin for '", scriptName, "'");

        try {
            stream = new TokenStream();
            lexer  = new Lexer(source, startPos, len, stream, scripting && !env._no_syntax_extensions);
            lexer.line = lexer.pendingLine = lineOffset + 1;
            line = lineOffset;

            // Set up first token (skips opening EOL.)
            k = -1;
            next();
            // Begin parse.
            return program(scriptName, allowPropertyFunction);
        } catch (final Exception e) {
            handleParseException(e);

            return null;
        } finally {
            final String end = this + " end '" + scriptName + "'";
            if (isTimingEnabled) {
                env._timing.accumulateTime(toString(), System.currentTimeMillis() - t0);
                log.info(end, "' in ", System.currentTimeMillis() - t0, " ms");
            } else {
                log.info(end);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Parse and return the list of function parameter list. A comma
     * separated list of function parameter identifiers is expected to be parsed.
     * Errors will be thrown and the error manager will contain information
     * if parsing should fail. This method is used to check if parameter Strings
     * passed to "Function" constructor is a valid or not.
     *
     * @return the list of IdentNodes representing the formal parameter list
     */
    public List<IdentNode> parseFormalParameterList() {
        try {
            stream = new TokenStream();
            lexer  = new Lexer(source, stream, scripting && !env._no_syntax_extensions);

            // Set up first token (skips opening EOL.)
            k = -1;
            next();

            return formalParameterList(TokenType.EOF);
        } catch (final Exception e) {
            handleParseException(e);
            return null;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Execute parse and return the resulting function node.
     * Errors will be thrown and the error manager will contain information
     * if parsing should fail. This method is used to check if code String
     * passed to "Function" constructor is a valid function body or not.
     *
     * @return function node resulting from successful parse
     */
    public FunctionNode parseFunctionBody() {
        try {
            stream = new TokenStream();
            lexer  = new Lexer(source, stream, scripting && !env._no_syntax_extensions);
            final int functionLine = line;

            // Set up first token (skips opening EOL.)
            k = -1;
            next();

            // Make a fake token for the function.
            final long functionToken = Token.toDesc(FUNCTION, 0, source.getLength());
            // Set up the function to append elements.

            FunctionNode function = newFunctionNode(
                functionToken,
                new IdentNode(functionToken, Token.descPosition(functionToken), PROGRAM.symbolName()),
                new ArrayList<IdentNode>(),
                FunctionNode.Kind.NORMAL,
                functionLine);

            functionDeclarations = new ArrayList<>();
            sourceElements(false);
            addFunctionDeclarations(function);
            functionDeclarations = null;

            expect(EOF);

            function.setFinish(source.getLength() - 1);

            function = restoreFunctionNode(function, token); //commit code
            function = function.setBody(lc, function.getBody().setNeedsScope(lc));
            return function;
        } catch (final Exception e) {
            handleParseException(e);
            return null;
        }
    }

    private void handleParseException(final Exception e) {
        // Extract message from exception.  The message will be in error
        // message format.
        String message = e.getMessage();

        // If empty message.
        if (message == null) {
            message = e.toString();
        }

        // Issue message.
        if (e instanceof ParserException) {
            errors.error((ParserException)e);
        } else {
            errors.error(message);
        }

        if (env._dump_on_error) {
            e.printStackTrace(env.getErr());
        }
    }

    /**
     * Skip to a good parsing recovery point.
     */
    private void recover(final Exception e) {
        if (e != null) {
            // Extract message from exception.  The message will be in error
            // message format.
            String message = e.getMessage();

            // If empty message.
            if (message == null) {
                message = e.toString();
            }

            // Issue message.
            if (e instanceof ParserException) {
                errors.error((ParserException)e);
            } else {
                errors.error(message);
            }

            if (env._dump_on_error) {
                e.printStackTrace(env.getErr());
            }
        }

        // Skip to a recovery point.
loop:
        while (true) {
            switch (type) {
            case EOF:
                // Can not go any further.
                break loop;
            case EOL:
            case SEMICOLON:
            case RBRACE:
                // Good recovery points.
                next();
                break loop;
            default:
                // So we can recover after EOL.
                nextOrEOL();
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Set up a new block.
     *
     * @return New block.
     */
    private Block newBlock() {
        return lc.push(new Block(token, Token.descPosition(token)));
    }

    /**
     * Set up a new function block.
     *
     * @param ident Name of function.
     * @return New block.
     */
    private FunctionNode newFunctionNode(final long startToken, final IdentNode ident, final List<IdentNode> parameters, final FunctionNode.Kind kind, final int functionLine) {
        // Build function name.
        final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();

        final FunctionNode parentFunction = lc.getCurrentFunction();
        if (parentFunction != null && !parentFunction.isProgram()) {
            sb.append(parentFunction.getName()).append('$');
        }

        assert ident.getName() != null;
        sb.append(ident.getName());

        final String name = namespace.uniqueName(sb.toString());
        assert parentFunction != null || name.equals(PROGRAM.symbolName()) || name.startsWith(RecompilableScriptFunctionData.RECOMPILATION_PREFIX) : "name = " + name;

        int flags = 0;
        if (isStrictMode) {
            flags |= FunctionNode.IS_STRICT;
        }
        if (parentFunction == null) {
            flags |= FunctionNode.IS_PROGRAM;
        }

        // Start new block.
        final FunctionNode functionNode =
            new FunctionNode(
                source,
                nextFunctionId++,
                functionLine,
                token,
                Token.descPosition(token),
                startToken,
                namespace,
                ident,
                name,
                parameters,
                kind,
                flags,
                sourceURL);

        lc.push(functionNode);
        // Create new block, and just put it on the context stack, restoreFunctionNode() will associate it with the
        // FunctionNode.
        newBlock();

        return functionNode;
    }

    /**
     * Restore the current block.
     */
    private Block restoreBlock(final Block block) {
        return lc.pop(block);
    }


    private FunctionNode restoreFunctionNode(final FunctionNode functionNode, final long lastToken) {
        final Block newBody = restoreBlock(lc.getFunctionBody(functionNode));

        return lc.pop(functionNode).
            setBody(lc, newBody).
            setLastToken(lc, lastToken).
            setState(lc, errors.hasErrors() ? CompilationState.PARSE_ERROR : CompilationState.PARSED);
    }

    /**
     * Get the statements in a block.
     * @return Block statements.
     */
    private Block getBlock(final boolean needsBraces) {
        // Set up new block. Captures LBRACE.
        Block newBlock = newBlock();
        try {
            // Block opening brace.
            if (needsBraces) {
                expect(LBRACE);
            }
            // Accumulate block statements.
            statementList();

        } finally {
            newBlock = restoreBlock(newBlock);
        }

        final int possibleEnd = Token.descPosition(token) + Token.descLength(token);

        // Block closing brace.
        if (needsBraces) {
            expect(RBRACE);
        }

        newBlock.setFinish(possibleEnd);

        return newBlock;
    }

    /**
     * Get all the statements generated by a single statement.
     * @return Statements.
     */
    private Block getStatement() {
        if (type == LBRACE) {
            return getBlock(true);
        }
        // Set up new block. Captures first token.
        Block newBlock = newBlock();
        try {
            statement();
        } finally {
            newBlock = restoreBlock(newBlock);
        }
        return newBlock;
    }

    /**
     * Detect calls to special functions.
     * @param ident Called function.
     */
    private void detectSpecialFunction(final IdentNode ident) {
        final String name = ident.getName();

        if (EVAL.symbolName().equals(name)) {
            markEval(lc);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Detect use of special properties.
     * @param ident Referenced property.
     */
    private void detectSpecialProperty(final IdentNode ident) {
        if (isArguments(ident)) {
            lc.setFlag(lc.getCurrentFunction(), FunctionNode.USES_ARGUMENTS);
        }
    }

    private static boolean isArguments(final String name) {
        return ARGUMENTS_NAME.equals(name);
    }

    private static boolean isArguments(final IdentNode ident) {
        return isArguments(ident.getName());
    }

    /**
     * Tells whether a IdentNode can be used as L-value of an assignment
     *
     * @param ident IdentNode to be checked
     * @return whether the ident can be used as L-value
     */
    private static boolean checkIdentLValue(final IdentNode ident) {
        return Token.descType(ident.getToken()).getKind() != TokenKind.KEYWORD;
    }

    /**
     * Verify an assignment expression.
     * @param op  Operation token.
     * @param lhs Left hand side expression.
     * @param rhs Right hand side expression.
     * @return Verified expression.
     */
    private Expression verifyAssignment(final long op, final Expression lhs, final Expression rhs) {
        final TokenType opType = Token.descType(op);

        switch (opType) {
        case ASSIGN:
        case ASSIGN_ADD:
        case ASSIGN_BIT_AND:
        case ASSIGN_BIT_OR:
        case ASSIGN_BIT_XOR:
        case ASSIGN_DIV:
        case ASSIGN_MOD:
        case ASSIGN_MUL:
        case ASSIGN_SAR:
        case ASSIGN_SHL:
        case ASSIGN_SHR:
        case ASSIGN_SUB:
            if (!(lhs instanceof AccessNode ||
                  lhs instanceof IndexNode ||
                  lhs instanceof IdentNode)) {
                return referenceError(lhs, rhs, env._early_lvalue_error);
            }

            if (lhs instanceof IdentNode) {
                if (!checkIdentLValue((IdentNode)lhs)) {
                    return referenceError(lhs, rhs, false);
                }
                verifyStrictIdent((IdentNode)lhs, "assignment");
            }
            break;

        default:
            break;
        }

        // Build up node.
        if(BinaryNode.isLogical(opType)) {
            return new BinaryNode(op, new JoinPredecessorExpression(lhs), new JoinPredecessorExpression(rhs));
        }
        return new BinaryNode(op, lhs, rhs);
    }


    /**
     * Reduce increment/decrement to simpler operations.
     * @param firstToken First token.
     * @param tokenType  Operation token (INCPREFIX/DEC.)
     * @param expression Left hand side expression.
     * @param isPostfix  Prefix or postfix.
     * @return           Reduced expression.
     */
    private static UnaryNode incDecExpression(final long firstToken, final TokenType tokenType, final Expression expression, final boolean isPostfix) {
        if (isPostfix) {
            return new UnaryNode(Token.recast(firstToken, tokenType == DECPREFIX ? DECPOSTFIX : INCPOSTFIX), expression.getStart(), Token.descPosition(firstToken) + Token.descLength(firstToken), expression);
        }

        return new UnaryNode(firstToken, expression);
    }

    /**
     * -----------------------------------------------------------------------
     *
     * Grammar based on
     *
     *      ECMAScript Language Specification
     *      ECMA-262 5th Edition / December 2009
     *
     * -----------------------------------------------------------------------
     */

    /**
     * Program :
     *      SourceElements?
     *
     * See 14
     *
     * Parse the top level script.
     */
    private FunctionNode program(final String scriptName, final boolean allowPropertyFunction) {
        // Make a pseudo-token for the script holding its start and length.
        final long functionToken = Token.toDesc(FUNCTION, Token.descPosition(Token.withDelimiter(token)), source.getLength());
        final int  functionLine  = line;
        // Set up the script to append elements.

        FunctionNode script = newFunctionNode(
            functionToken,
            new IdentNode(functionToken, Token.descPosition(functionToken), scriptName),
            new ArrayList<IdentNode>(),
            FunctionNode.Kind.SCRIPT,
            functionLine);

        functionDeclarations = new ArrayList<>();
        sourceElements(allowPropertyFunction);
        addFunctionDeclarations(script);
        functionDeclarations = null;

        expect(EOF);

        script.setFinish(source.getLength() - 1);

        script = restoreFunctionNode(script, token); //commit code
        script = script.setBody(lc, script.getBody().setNeedsScope(lc));
        // user may have directive comment to set sourceURL
        if (sourceURL != null) {
            script = script.setSourceURL(lc, sourceURL);
        }

        return script;
    }

    /**
     * Directive value or null if statement is not a directive.
     *
     * @param stmt Statement to be checked
     * @return Directive value if the given statement is a directive
     */
    private String getDirective(final Node stmt) {
        if (stmt instanceof ExpressionStatement) {
            final Node expr = ((ExpressionStatement)stmt).getExpression();
            if (expr instanceof LiteralNode) {
                final LiteralNode<?> lit = (LiteralNode<?>)expr;
                final long litToken = lit.getToken();
                final TokenType tt = Token.descType(litToken);
                // A directive is either a string or an escape string
                if (tt == TokenType.STRING || tt == TokenType.ESCSTRING) {
                    // Make sure that we don't unescape anything. Return as seen in source!
                    return source.getString(lit.getStart(), Token.descLength(litToken));
                }
            }
        }

        return null;
    }

    /**
     * SourceElements :
     *      SourceElement
     *      SourceElements SourceElement
     *
     * See 14
     *
     * Parse the elements of the script or function.
     */
    private void sourceElements(final boolean shouldAllowPropertyFunction) {
        List<Node>    directiveStmts        = null;
        boolean       checkDirective        = true;
        boolean       allowPropertyFunction = shouldAllowPropertyFunction;
        final boolean oldStrictMode         = isStrictMode;


        try {
            // If is a script, then process until the end of the script.
            while (type != EOF) {
                // Break if the end of a code block.
                if (type == RBRACE) {
                    break;
                }

                try {
                    // Get the next element.
                    statement(true, allowPropertyFunction);
                    allowPropertyFunction = false;

                    // check for directive prologues
                    if (checkDirective) {
                        // skip any debug statement like line number to get actual first line
                        final Node lastStatement = lc.getLastStatement();

                        // get directive prologue, if any
                        final String directive = getDirective(lastStatement);

                        // If we have seen first non-directive statement,
                        // no more directive statements!!
                        checkDirective = directive != null;

                        if (checkDirective) {
                            if (!oldStrictMode) {
                                if (directiveStmts == null) {
                                    directiveStmts = new ArrayList<>();
                                }
                                directiveStmts.add(lastStatement);
                            }

                            // handle use strict directive
                            if ("use strict".equals(directive)) {
                                isStrictMode = true;
                                final FunctionNode function = lc.getCurrentFunction();
                                lc.setFlag(lc.getCurrentFunction(), FunctionNode.IS_STRICT);

                                // We don't need to check these, if lexical environment is already strict
                                if (!oldStrictMode && directiveStmts != null) {
                                    // check that directives preceding this one do not violate strictness
                                    for (final Node statement : directiveStmts) {
                                        // the get value will force unescape of preceeding
                                        // escaped string directives
                                        getValue(statement.getToken());
                                    }

                                    // verify that function name as well as parameter names
                                    // satisfy strict mode restrictions.
                                    verifyStrictIdent(function.getIdent(), "function name");
                                    for (final IdentNode param : function.getParameters()) {
                                        verifyStrictIdent(param, "function parameter");
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                } catch (final Exception e) {
                    //recover parsing
                    recover(e);
                }

                // No backtracking from here on.
                stream.commit(k);
            }
        } finally {
            isStrictMode = oldStrictMode;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Statement :
     *      Block
     *      VariableStatement
     *      EmptyStatement
     *      ExpressionStatement
     *      IfStatement
     *      IterationStatement
     *      ContinueStatement
     *      BreakStatement
     *      ReturnStatement
     *      WithStatement
     *      LabelledStatement
     *      SwitchStatement
     *      ThrowStatement
     *      TryStatement
     *      DebuggerStatement
     *
     * see 12
     *
     * Parse any of the basic statement types.
     */
    private void statement() {
        statement(false, false);
    }

    /**
     * @param topLevel does this statement occur at the "top level" of a script or a function?
     */
    private void statement(final boolean topLevel, final boolean allowPropertyFunction) {
        if (type == FUNCTION) {
            // As per spec (ECMA section 12), function declarations as arbitrary statement
            // is not "portable". Implementation can issue a warning or disallow the same.
            functionExpression(true, topLevel);
            return;
        }

        switch (type) {
        case LBRACE:
            block();
            break;
        case VAR:
            variableStatement(true);
            break;
        case SEMICOLON:
            emptyStatement();
            break;
        case IF:
            ifStatement();
            break;
        case FOR:
            forStatement();
            break;
        case WHILE:
            whileStatement();
            break;
        case DO:
            doStatement();
            break;
        case CONTINUE:
            continueStatement();
            break;
        case BREAK:
            breakStatement();
            break;
        case RETURN:
            returnStatement();
            break;
        case YIELD:
            yieldStatement();
            break;
        case WITH:
            withStatement();
            break;
        case SWITCH:
            switchStatement();
            break;
        case THROW:
            throwStatement();
            break;
        case TRY:
            tryStatement();
            break;
        case DEBUGGER:
            debuggerStatement();
            break;
        case RPAREN:
        case RBRACKET:
        case EOF:
            expect(SEMICOLON);
            break;
        default:
            if (env._const_as_var && type == CONST) {
                variableStatement(true);
                break;
            }

            if (type == IDENT || isNonStrictModeIdent()) {
                if (T(k + 1) == COLON) {
                    labelStatement();
                    return;
                }
                if(allowPropertyFunction) {
                    final String ident = (String)getValue();
                    final long propertyToken = token;
                    final int propertyLine = line;
                    if("get".equals(ident)) {
                        next();
                        addPropertyFunctionStatement(propertyGetterFunction(propertyToken, propertyLine));
                        return;
                    } else if("set".equals(ident)) {
                        next();
                        addPropertyFunctionStatement(propertySetterFunction(propertyToken, propertyLine));
                        return;
                    }
                }
            }

            expressionStatement();
            break;
        }
    }

    private void addPropertyFunctionStatement(final PropertyFunction propertyFunction) {
        final FunctionNode fn = propertyFunction.functionNode;
        functionDeclarations.add(new ExpressionStatement(fn.getLineNumber(), fn.getToken(), finish, fn));
    }

    /**
     * block :
     *      { StatementList? }
     *
     * see 12.1
     *
     * Parse a statement block.
     */
    private void block() {
        appendStatement(new BlockStatement(line, getBlock(true)));
    }

    /**
     * StatementList :
     *      Statement
     *      StatementList Statement
     *
     * See 12.1
     *
     * Parse a list of statements.
     */
    private void statementList() {
        // Accumulate statements until end of list. */
loop:
        while (type != EOF) {
            switch (type) {
            case EOF:
            case CASE:
            case DEFAULT:
            case RBRACE:
                break loop;
            default:
                break;
            }

            // Get next statement.
            statement();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Make sure that in strict mode, the identifier name used is allowed.
     *
     * @param ident         Identifier that is verified
     * @param contextString String used in error message to give context to the user
     */
    private void verifyStrictIdent(final IdentNode ident, final String contextString) {
        if (isStrictMode) {
            switch (ident.getName()) {
            case "eval":
            case "arguments":
                throw error(AbstractParser.message("strict.name", ident.getName(), contextString), ident.getToken());
            default:
                break;
            }

            if (ident.isFutureStrictName()) {
                throw error(AbstractParser.message("strict.name", ident.getName(), contextString), ident.getToken());
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * VariableStatement :
     *      var VariableDeclarationList ;
     *
     * VariableDeclarationList :
     *      VariableDeclaration
     *      VariableDeclarationList , VariableDeclaration
     *
     * VariableDeclaration :
     *      Identifier Initializer?
     *
     * Initializer :
     *      = AssignmentExpression
     *
     * See 12.2
     *
     * Parse a VAR statement.
     * @param isStatement True if a statement (not used in a FOR.)
     */
    private List<VarNode> variableStatement(final boolean isStatement) {
        // VAR tested in caller.
        next();

        final List<VarNode> vars = new ArrayList<>();

        while (true) {
            // Get starting token.
            final int  varLine  = line;
            final long varToken = token;
            // Get name of var.
            final IdentNode name = getIdent();
            verifyStrictIdent(name, "variable name");

            // Assume no init.
            Expression init = null;

            // Look for initializer assignment.
            if (type == ASSIGN) {
                next();

                // Get initializer expression. Suppress IN if not statement.
                defaultNames.push(name);
                try {
                    init = assignmentExpression(!isStatement);
                } finally {
                    defaultNames.pop();
                }
            }

            // Allocate var node.
            final VarNode var = new VarNode(varLine, varToken, finish, name, init);
            vars.add(var);
            appendStatement(var);

            if (type != COMMARIGHT) {
                break;
            }
            next();
        }

        // If is a statement then handle end of line.
        if (isStatement) {
            final boolean semicolon = type == SEMICOLON;
            endOfLine();
            if (semicolon) {
                lc.getCurrentBlock().setFinish(finish);
            }
        }

        return vars;
    }

    /**
     * EmptyStatement :
     *      ;
     *
     * See 12.3
     *
     * Parse an empty statement.
     */
    private void emptyStatement() {
        if (env._empty_statements) {
            appendStatement(new EmptyNode(line, token, Token.descPosition(token) + Token.descLength(token)));
        }

        // SEMICOLON checked in caller.
        next();
    }

    /**
     * ExpressionStatement :
     *      Expression ; // [lookahead ~( or  function )]
     *
     * See 12.4
     *
     * Parse an expression used in a statement block.
     */
    private void expressionStatement() {
        // Lookahead checked in caller.
        final int  expressionLine  = line;
        final long expressionToken = token;

        // Get expression and add as statement.
        final Expression expression = expression();

        ExpressionStatement expressionStatement = null;
        if (expression != null) {
            expressionStatement = new ExpressionStatement(expressionLine, expressionToken, finish, expression);
            appendStatement(expressionStatement);
        } else {
            expect(null);
        }

        endOfLine();

        if (expressionStatement != null) {
            expressionStatement.setFinish(finish);
            lc.getCurrentBlock().setFinish(finish);
        }
    }

    /**
     * IfStatement :
     *      if ( Expression ) Statement else Statement
     *      if ( Expression ) Statement
     *
     * See 12.5
     *
     * Parse an IF statement.
     */
    private void ifStatement() {
        // Capture IF token.
        final int  ifLine  = line;
        final long ifToken = token;
         // IF tested in caller.
        next();

        expect(LPAREN);
        final Expression test = expression();
        expect(RPAREN);
        final Block pass = getStatement();

        Block fail = null;
        if (type == ELSE) {
            next();
            fail = getStatement();
        }

        appendStatement(new IfNode(ifLine, ifToken, fail != null ? fail.getFinish() : pass.getFinish(), test, pass, fail));
    }

    /**
     * ... IterationStatement:
     *           ...
     *           for ( Expression[NoIn]?; Expression? ; Expression? ) Statement
     *           for ( var VariableDeclarationList[NoIn]; Expression? ; Expression? ) Statement
     *           for ( LeftHandSideExpression in Expression ) Statement
     *           for ( var VariableDeclaration[NoIn] in Expression ) Statement
     *
     * See 12.6
     *
     * Parse a FOR statement.
     */
    private void forStatement() {
        // Create FOR node, capturing FOR token.
        ForNode forNode = new ForNode(line, token, Token.descPosition(token), null, ForNode.IS_FOR);

        lc.push(forNode);

        try {
            // FOR tested in caller.
            next();

            // Nashorn extension: for each expression.
            // iterate property values rather than property names.
            if (!env._no_syntax_extensions && type == IDENT && "each".equals(getValue())) {
                forNode = forNode.setIsForEach(lc);
                next();
            }

            expect(LPAREN);

            List<VarNode> vars = null;

            switch (type) {
            case VAR:
                // Var statements captured in for outer block.
                vars = variableStatement(false);
                break;
            case SEMICOLON:
                break;
            default:
                if (env._const_as_var && type == CONST) {
                    // Var statements captured in for outer block.
                    vars = variableStatement(false);
                    break;
                }

                final Expression expression = expression(unaryExpression(), COMMARIGHT.getPrecedence(), true);
                forNode = forNode.setInit(lc, expression);
                break;
            }

            switch (type) {
            case SEMICOLON:
                // for (init; test; modify)

                // for each (init; test; modify) is invalid
                if (forNode.isForEach()) {
                    throw error(AbstractParser.message("for.each.without.in"), token);
                }

                expect(SEMICOLON);
                if (type != SEMICOLON) {
                    forNode = forNode.setTest(lc, joinPredecessorExpression());
                }
                expect(SEMICOLON);
                if (type != RPAREN) {
                    forNode = forNode.setModify(lc, joinPredecessorExpression());
                }
                break;

            case IN:
                forNode = forNode.setIsForIn(lc).setTest(lc, new JoinPredecessorExpression());
                if (vars != null) {
                    // for (var i in obj)
                    if (vars.size() == 1) {
                        forNode = forNode.setInit(lc, new IdentNode(vars.get(0).getName()));
                    } else {
                        // for (var i, j in obj) is invalid
                        throw error(AbstractParser.message("many.vars.in.for.in.loop"), vars.get(1).getToken());
                    }

                } else {
                    // for (expr in obj)
                    final Node init = forNode.getInit();
                    assert init != null : "for..in init expression can not be null here";

                    // check if initial expression is a valid L-value
                    if (!(init instanceof AccessNode ||
                          init instanceof IndexNode ||
                          init instanceof IdentNode)) {
                        throw error(AbstractParser.message("not.lvalue.for.in.loop"), init.getToken());
                    }

                    if (init instanceof IdentNode) {
                        if (!checkIdentLValue((IdentNode)init)) {
                            throw error(AbstractParser.message("not.lvalue.for.in.loop"), init.getToken());
                        }
                        verifyStrictIdent((IdentNode)init, "for-in iterator");
                    }
                }

                next();

                // Get the collection expression.
                forNode = forNode.setModify(lc, joinPredecessorExpression());
                break;

            default:
                expect(SEMICOLON);
                break;
            }

            expect(RPAREN);

            // Set the for body.
            final Block body = getStatement();
            forNode = forNode.setBody(lc, body);
            forNode.setFinish(body.getFinish());

            appendStatement(forNode);
        } finally {
            lc.pop(forNode);
        }
     }

    /**
     * ... IterationStatement :
     *           ...
     *           Expression[NoIn]?; Expression? ; Expression?
     *           var VariableDeclarationList[NoIn]; Expression? ; Expression?
     *           LeftHandSideExpression in Expression
     *           var VariableDeclaration[NoIn] in Expression
     *
     * See 12.6
     *
     * Parse the control section of a FOR statement.  Also used for
     * comprehensions.
     * @param forNode Owning FOR.
     */


    /**
     * ...IterationStatement :
     *           ...
     *           while ( Expression ) Statement
     *           ...
     *
     * See 12.6
     *
     * Parse while statement.
     */
    private void whileStatement() {
        // Capture WHILE token.
        final long whileToken = token;
        // WHILE tested in caller.
        next();

        // Construct WHILE node.
        WhileNode whileNode = new WhileNode(line, whileToken, Token.descPosition(whileToken), false);
        lc.push(whileNode);

        try {
            expect(LPAREN);
            final int whileLine = line;
            final JoinPredecessorExpression test = joinPredecessorExpression();
            expect(RPAREN);
            final Block body = getStatement();
            appendStatement(whileNode =
                new WhileNode(whileLine, whileToken, finish, false).
                    setTest(lc, test).
                    setBody(lc, body));
        } finally {
            lc.pop(whileNode);
        }
    }

    /**
     * ...IterationStatement :
     *           ...
     *           do Statement while( Expression ) ;
     *           ...
     *
     * See 12.6
     *
     * Parse DO WHILE statement.
     */
    private void doStatement() {
        // Capture DO token.
        final long doToken = token;
        // DO tested in the caller.
        next();

        WhileNode doWhileNode = new WhileNode(-1, doToken, Token.descPosition(doToken), true);
        lc.push(doWhileNode);

        try {
           // Get DO body.
            final Block body = getStatement();

            expect(WHILE);
            expect(LPAREN);
            final int doLine = line;
            final JoinPredecessorExpression test = joinPredecessorExpression();
            expect(RPAREN);

            if (type == SEMICOLON) {
                endOfLine();
            }
            doWhileNode.setFinish(finish);

            //line number is last
            appendStatement(doWhileNode =
                new WhileNode(doLine, doToken, finish, true).
                    setBody(lc, body).
                    setTest(lc, test));
        } finally {
            lc.pop(doWhileNode);
        }
    }

    /**
     * ContinueStatement :
     *      continue Identifier? ; // [no LineTerminator here]
     *
     * See 12.7
     *
     * Parse CONTINUE statement.
     */
    private void continueStatement() {
        // Capture CONTINUE token.
        final int  continueLine  = line;
        final long continueToken = token;
        // CONTINUE tested in caller.
        nextOrEOL();

        LabelNode labelNode = null;

        // SEMICOLON or label.
        switch (type) {
        case RBRACE:
        case SEMICOLON:
        case EOL:
        case EOF:
            break;

        default:
            final IdentNode ident = getIdent();
            labelNode = lc.findLabel(ident.getName());

            if (labelNode == null) {
                throw error(AbstractParser.message("undefined.label", ident.getName()), ident.getToken());
            }

            break;
        }

        final String labelName = labelNode == null ? null : labelNode.getLabelName();
        final LoopNode targetNode = lc.getContinueTo(labelName);

        if (targetNode == null) {
            throw error(AbstractParser.message("illegal.continue.stmt"), continueToken);
        }

        endOfLine();

        // Construct and add CONTINUE node.
        appendStatement(new ContinueNode(continueLine, continueToken, finish, labelName));
    }

    /**
     * BreakStatement :
     *      break Identifier? ; // [no LineTerminator here]
     *
     * See 12.8
     *
     */
    private void breakStatement() {
        // Capture BREAK token.
        final int  breakLine  = line;
        final long breakToken = token;
        // BREAK tested in caller.
        nextOrEOL();

        LabelNode labelNode = null;

        // SEMICOLON or label.
        switch (type) {
        case RBRACE:
        case SEMICOLON:
        case EOL:
        case EOF:
            break;

        default:
            final IdentNode ident = getIdent();
            labelNode = lc.findLabel(ident.getName());

            if (labelNode == null) {
                throw error(AbstractParser.message("undefined.label", ident.getName()), ident.getToken());
            }

            break;
        }

        //either an explicit label - then get its node or just a "break" - get first breakable
        //targetNode is what we are breaking out from.
        final String labelName = labelNode == null ? null : labelNode.getLabelName();
        final BreakableNode targetNode = lc.getBreakable(labelName);
        if (targetNode == null) {
            throw error(AbstractParser.message("illegal.break.stmt"), breakToken);
        }

        endOfLine();

        // Construct and add BREAK node.
        appendStatement(new BreakNode(breakLine, breakToken, finish, labelName));
    }

    /**
     * ReturnStatement :
     *      return Expression? ; // [no LineTerminator here]
     *
     * See 12.9
     *
     * Parse RETURN statement.
     */
    private void returnStatement() {
        // check for return outside function
        if (lc.getCurrentFunction().getKind() == FunctionNode.Kind.SCRIPT) {
            throw error(AbstractParser.message("invalid.return"));
        }

        // Capture RETURN token.
        final int  returnLine  = line;
        final long returnToken = token;
        // RETURN tested in caller.
        nextOrEOL();

        Expression expression = null;

        // SEMICOLON or expression.
        switch (type) {
        case RBRACE:
        case SEMICOLON:
        case EOL:
        case EOF:
            break;

        default:
            expression = expression();
            break;
        }

        endOfLine();

        // Construct and add RETURN node.
        appendStatement(new ReturnNode(returnLine, returnToken, finish, expression));
    }

    /**
     * YieldStatement :
     *      yield Expression? ; // [no LineTerminator here]
     *
     * JavaScript 1.8
     *
     * Parse YIELD statement.
     */
    private void yieldStatement() {
        // Capture YIELD token.
        final int  yieldLine  = line;
        final long yieldToken = token;
        // YIELD tested in caller.
        nextOrEOL();

        Expression expression = null;

        // SEMICOLON or expression.
        switch (type) {
        case RBRACE:
        case SEMICOLON:
        case EOL:
        case EOF:
            break;

        default:
            expression = expression();
            break;
        }

        endOfLine();

        // Construct and add YIELD node.
        appendStatement(new ReturnNode(yieldLine, yieldToken, finish, expression));
    }

    /**
     * WithStatement :
     *      with ( Expression ) Statement
     *
     * See 12.10
     *
     * Parse WITH statement.
     */
    private void withStatement() {
        // Capture WITH token.
        final int  withLine  = line;
        final long withToken = token;
        // WITH tested in caller.
        next();

        // ECMA 12.10.1 strict mode restrictions
        if (isStrictMode) {
            throw error(AbstractParser.message("strict.no.with"), withToken);
        }

        // Get WITH expression.
        WithNode withNode = new WithNode(withLine, withToken, finish);

        try {
            lc.push(withNode);
            expect(LPAREN);
            withNode = withNode.setExpression(lc, expression());
            expect(RPAREN);
            withNode = withNode.setBody(lc, getStatement());
        } finally {
            lc.pop(withNode);
        }

        appendStatement(withNode);
    }

    /**
     * SwitchStatement :
     *      switch ( Expression ) CaseBlock
     *
     * CaseBlock :
     *      { CaseClauses? }
     *      { CaseClauses? DefaultClause CaseClauses }
     *
     * CaseClauses :
     *      CaseClause
     *      CaseClauses CaseClause
     *
     * CaseClause :
     *      case Expression : StatementList?
     *
     * DefaultClause :
     *      default : StatementList?
     *
     * See 12.11
     *
     * Parse SWITCH statement.
     */
    private void switchStatement() {
        final int  switchLine  = line;
        final long switchToken = token;
        // SWITCH tested in caller.
        next();

        // Create and add switch statement.
        SwitchNode switchNode = new SwitchNode(switchLine, switchToken, Token.descPosition(switchToken), null, new ArrayList<CaseNode>(), null);
        lc.push(switchNode);

        try {
            expect(LPAREN);
            switchNode = switchNode.setExpression(lc, expression());
            expect(RPAREN);

            expect(LBRACE);

            // Prepare to accumulate cases.
            final List<CaseNode> cases = new ArrayList<>();
            CaseNode defaultCase = null;

            while (type != RBRACE) {
                // Prepare for next case.
                Expression caseExpression = null;
                final long caseToken = token;

                switch (type) {
                case CASE:
                    next();
                    caseExpression = expression();
                    break;

                case DEFAULT:
                    if (defaultCase != null) {
                        throw error(AbstractParser.message("duplicate.default.in.switch"));
                    }
                    next();
                    break;

                default:
                    // Force an error.
                    expect(CASE);
                    break;
                }

                expect(COLON);

                // Get CASE body.
                final Block statements = getBlock(false);
                final CaseNode caseNode = new CaseNode(caseToken, finish, caseExpression, statements);
                statements.setFinish(finish);

                if (caseExpression == null) {
                    defaultCase = caseNode;
                }

                cases.add(caseNode);
            }

            switchNode = switchNode.setCases(lc, cases, defaultCase);
            next();
            switchNode.setFinish(finish);

            appendStatement(switchNode);
        } finally {
            lc.pop(switchNode);
        }
    }

    /**
     * LabelledStatement :
     *      Identifier : Statement
     *
     * See 12.12
     *
     * Parse label statement.
     */
    private void labelStatement() {
        // Capture label token.
        final long labelToken = token;
        // Get label ident.
        final IdentNode ident = getIdent();

        expect(COLON);

        if (lc.findLabel(ident.getName()) != null) {
            throw error(AbstractParser.message("duplicate.label", ident.getName()), labelToken);
        }

        LabelNode labelNode = new LabelNode(line, labelToken, finish, ident.getName(), null);
        try {
            lc.push(labelNode);
            labelNode = labelNode.setBody(lc, getStatement());
            labelNode.setFinish(finish);
            appendStatement(labelNode);
        } finally {
            assert lc.peek() instanceof LabelNode;
            lc.pop(labelNode);
        }
    }

   /**
     * ThrowStatement :
     *      throw Expression ; // [no LineTerminator here]
     *
     * See 12.13
     *
     * Parse throw statement.
     */
    private void throwStatement() {
        // Capture THROW token.
        final int  throwLine  = line;
        final long throwToken = token;
        // THROW tested in caller.
        nextOrEOL();

        Expression expression = null;

        // SEMICOLON or expression.
        switch (type) {
        case RBRACE:
        case SEMICOLON:
        case EOL:
            break;

        default:
            expression = expression();
            break;
        }

        if (expression == null) {
            throw error(AbstractParser.message("expected.operand", type.getNameOrType()));
        }

        endOfLine();

        appendStatement(new ThrowNode(throwLine, throwToken, finish, expression, false));
    }

    /**
     * TryStatement :
     *      try Block Catch
     *      try Block Finally
     *      try Block Catch Finally
     *
     * Catch :
     *      catch( Identifier if Expression ) Block
     *      catch( Identifier ) Block
     *
     * Finally :
     *      finally Block
     *
     * See 12.14
     *
     * Parse TRY statement.
     */
    private void tryStatement() {
        // Capture TRY token.
        final int  tryLine  = line;
        final long tryToken = token;
        // TRY tested in caller.
        next();

        // Container block needed to act as target for labeled break statements
        final int startLine = line;
        Block outer = newBlock();

        // Create try.

        try {
            final Block       tryBody     = getBlock(true);
            final List<Block> catchBlocks = new ArrayList<>();

            while (type == CATCH) {
                final int  catchLine  = line;
                final long catchToken = token;
                next();
                expect(LPAREN);
                final IdentNode exception = getIdent();

                // ECMA 12.4.1 strict mode restrictions
                verifyStrictIdent(exception, "catch argument");

                // Nashorn extension: catch clause can have optional
                // condition. So, a single try can have more than one
                // catch clause each with it's own condition.
                final Expression ifExpression;
                if (!env._no_syntax_extensions && type == IF) {
                    next();
                    // Get the exception condition.
                    ifExpression = expression();
                } else {
                    ifExpression = null;
                }

                expect(RPAREN);

                Block catchBlock = newBlock();
                try {
                    // Get CATCH body.
                    final Block catchBody = getBlock(true);
                    final CatchNode catchNode = new CatchNode(catchLine, catchToken, finish, exception, ifExpression, catchBody, false);
                    appendStatement(catchNode);
                } finally {
                    catchBlock = restoreBlock(catchBlock);
                    catchBlocks.add(catchBlock);
                }

                // If unconditional catch then should to be the end.
                if (ifExpression == null) {
                    break;
                }
            }

            // Prepare to capture finally statement.
            Block finallyStatements = null;

            if (type == FINALLY) {
                next();
                finallyStatements = getBlock(true);
            }

            // Need at least one catch or a finally.
            if (catchBlocks.isEmpty() && finallyStatements == null) {
                throw error(AbstractParser.message("missing.catch.or.finally"), tryToken);
            }

            final TryNode tryNode = new TryNode(tryLine, tryToken, Token.descPosition(tryToken), tryBody, catchBlocks, finallyStatements);
            // Add try.
            assert lc.peek() == outer;
            appendStatement(tryNode);

            tryNode.setFinish(finish);
            outer.setFinish(finish);

        } finally {
            outer = restoreBlock(outer);
        }

        appendStatement(new BlockStatement(startLine, outer));
    }

    /**
     * DebuggerStatement :
     *      debugger ;
     *
     * See 12.15
     *
     * Parse debugger statement.
     */
    private void  debuggerStatement() {
        // Capture DEBUGGER token.
        final int  debuggerLine  = line;
        final long debuggerToken = token;
        // DEBUGGER tested in caller.
        next();
        endOfLine();
        appendStatement(new ExpressionStatement(debuggerLine, debuggerToken, finish, new RuntimeNode(debuggerToken, finish, RuntimeNode.Request.DEBUGGER, new ArrayList<Expression>())));
    }

    /**
     * PrimaryExpression :
     *      this
     *      Identifier
     *      Literal
     *      ArrayLiteral
     *      ObjectLiteral
     *      ( Expression )
     *
     *  See 11.1
     *
     * Parse primary expression.
     * @return Expression node.
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("fallthrough")
    private Expression primaryExpression() {
        // Capture first token.
        final int  primaryLine  = line;
        final long primaryToken = token;

        switch (type) {
        case THIS:
            final String name = type.getName();
            next();
            lc.setFlag(lc.getCurrentFunction(), FunctionNode.USES_THIS);
            return new IdentNode(primaryToken, finish, name);
        case IDENT:
            final IdentNode ident = getIdent();
            if (ident == null) {
                break;
            }
            detectSpecialProperty(ident);
            return ident;
        case OCTAL:
            if (isStrictMode) {
               throw error(AbstractParser.message("strict.no.octal"), token);
            }
        case STRING:
        case ESCSTRING:
        case DECIMAL:
        case HEXADECIMAL:
        case FLOATING:
        case REGEX:
        case XML:
            return getLiteral();
        case EXECSTRING:
            return execString(primaryLine, primaryToken);
        case FALSE:
            next();
            return LiteralNode.newInstance(primaryToken, finish, false);
        case TRUE:
            next();
            return LiteralNode.newInstance(primaryToken, finish, true);
        case NULL:
            next();
            return LiteralNode.newInstance(primaryToken, finish);
        case LBRACKET:
            return arrayLiteral();
        case LBRACE:
            return objectLiteral();
        case LPAREN:
            next();

            final Expression expression = expression();

            expect(RPAREN);

            return expression;

        default:
            // In this context some operator tokens mark the start of a literal.
            if (lexer.scanLiteral(primaryToken, type, lineInfoReceiver)) {
                next();
                return getLiteral();
            }
            if (isNonStrictModeIdent()) {
                return getIdent();
            }
            break;
        }

        return null;
    }

    /**
     * Convert execString to a call to $EXEC.
     *
     * @param primaryToken Original string token.
     * @return callNode to $EXEC.
     */
    CallNode execString(final int primaryLine, final long primaryToken) {
        // Synthesize an ident to call $EXEC.
        final IdentNode execIdent = new IdentNode(primaryToken, finish, ScriptingFunctions.EXEC_NAME);
        // Skip over EXECSTRING.
        next();
        // Set up argument list for call.
        // Skip beginning of edit string expression.
        expect(LBRACE);
        // Add the following expression to arguments.
        final List<Expression> arguments = Collections.singletonList(expression());
        // Skip ending of edit string expression.
        expect(RBRACE);

        return new CallNode(primaryLine, primaryToken, finish, execIdent, arguments, false);
    }

    /**
     * ArrayLiteral :
     *      [ Elision? ]
     *      [ ElementList ]
     *      [ ElementList , Elision? ]
     *      [ expression for (LeftHandExpression in expression) ( (if ( Expression ) )? ]
     *
     * ElementList : Elision? AssignmentExpression
     *      ElementList , Elision? AssignmentExpression
     *
     * Elision :
     *      ,
     *      Elision ,
     *
     * See 12.1.4
     * JavaScript 1.8
     *
     * Parse array literal.
     * @return Expression node.
     */
    private LiteralNode<Expression[]> arrayLiteral() {
        // Capture LBRACKET token.
        final long arrayToken = token;
        // LBRACKET tested in caller.
        next();

        // Prepare to accummulating elements.
        final List<Expression> elements = new ArrayList<>();
        // Track elisions.
        boolean elision = true;
loop:
        while (true) {
             switch (type) {
            case RBRACKET:
                next();

                break loop;

            case COMMARIGHT:
                next();

                // If no prior expression
                if (elision) {
                    elements.add(null);
                }

                elision = true;

                break;

            default:
                if (!elision) {
                    throw error(AbstractParser.message("expected.comma", type.getNameOrType()));
                }
                // Add expression element.
                final Expression expression = assignmentExpression(false);

                if (expression != null) {
                    elements.add(expression);
                } else {
                    expect(RBRACKET);
                }

                elision = false;
                break;
            }
        }

        return LiteralNode.newInstance(arrayToken, finish, elements);
    }

    /**
     * ObjectLiteral :
     *      { }
     *      { PropertyNameAndValueList } { PropertyNameAndValueList , }
     *
     * PropertyNameAndValueList :
     *      PropertyAssignment
     *      PropertyNameAndValueList , PropertyAssignment
     *
     * See 11.1.5
     *
     * Parse an object literal.
     * @return Expression node.
     */
    private ObjectNode objectLiteral() {
        // Capture LBRACE token.
        final long objectToken = token;
        // LBRACE tested in caller.
        next();

        // Object context.
        // Prepare to accumulate elements.
        final List<PropertyNode> elements = new ArrayList<>();
        final Map<String, Integer> map = new HashMap<>();

        // Create a block for the object literal.
        boolean commaSeen = true;
loop:
        while (true) {
            switch (type) {
                case RBRACE:
                    next();
                    break loop;

                case COMMARIGHT:
                    if (commaSeen) {
                        throw error(AbstractParser.message("expected.property.id", type.getNameOrType()));
                    }
                    next();
                    commaSeen = true;
                    break;

                default:
                    if (!commaSeen) {
                        throw error(AbstractParser.message("expected.comma", type.getNameOrType()));
                    }

                    commaSeen = false;
                    // Get and add the next property.
                    final PropertyNode property = propertyAssignment();
                    final String key = property.getKeyName();
                    final Integer existing = map.get(key);

                    if (existing == null) {
                        map.put(key, elements.size());
                        elements.add(property);
                        break;
                    }

                    final PropertyNode existingProperty = elements.get(existing);

                    // ECMA section 11.1.5 Object Initialiser
                    // point # 4 on property assignment production
                    final Expression   value  = property.getValue();
                    final FunctionNode getter = property.getGetter();
                    final FunctionNode setter = property.getSetter();

                    final Expression   prevValue  = existingProperty.getValue();
                    final FunctionNode prevGetter = existingProperty.getGetter();
                    final FunctionNode prevSetter = existingProperty.getSetter();

                    // ECMA 11.1.5 strict mode restrictions
                    if (isStrictMode && value != null && prevValue != null) {
                        throw error(AbstractParser.message("property.redefinition", key), property.getToken());
                    }

                    final boolean isPrevAccessor = prevGetter != null || prevSetter != null;
                    final boolean isAccessor     = getter != null     || setter != null;

                    // data property redefined as accessor property
                    if (prevValue != null && isAccessor) {
                        throw error(AbstractParser.message("property.redefinition", key), property.getToken());
                    }

                    // accessor property redefined as data
                    if (isPrevAccessor && value != null) {
                        throw error(AbstractParser.message("property.redefinition", key), property.getToken());
                    }

                    if (isAccessor && isPrevAccessor) {
                        if (getter != null && prevGetter != null ||
                                setter != null && prevSetter != null) {
                            throw error(AbstractParser.message("property.redefinition", key), property.getToken());
                        }
                    }

                    if (value != null) {
                        elements.add(property);
                    } else if (getter != null) {
                        elements.set(existing, existingProperty.setGetter(getter));
                    } else if (setter != null) {
                        elements.set(existing, existingProperty.setSetter(setter));
                    }
                    break;
            }
        }

        return new ObjectNode(objectToken, finish, elements);
    }

    /**
     * PropertyName :
     *      IdentifierName
     *      StringLiteral
     *      NumericLiteral
     *
     * See 11.1.5
     *
     * @return PropertyName node
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("fallthrough")
    private PropertyKey propertyName() {
        switch (type) {
        case IDENT:
            return getIdent().setIsPropertyName();
        case OCTAL:
            if (isStrictMode) {
                throw error(AbstractParser.message("strict.no.octal"), token);
            }
        case STRING:
        case ESCSTRING:
        case DECIMAL:
        case HEXADECIMAL:
        case FLOATING:
            return getLiteral();
        default:
            return getIdentifierName().setIsPropertyName();
        }
    }

    /**
     * PropertyAssignment :
     *      PropertyName : AssignmentExpression
     *      get PropertyName ( ) { FunctionBody }
     *      set PropertyName ( PropertySetParameterList ) { FunctionBody }
     *
     * PropertySetParameterList :
     *      Identifier
     *
     * PropertyName :
     *      IdentifierName
     *      StringLiteral
     *      NumericLiteral
     *
     * See 11.1.5
     *
     * Parse an object literal property.
     * @return Property or reference node.
     */
    private PropertyNode propertyAssignment() {
        // Capture firstToken.
        final long propertyToken = token;
        final int  functionLine  = line;

        PropertyKey propertyName;

        if (type == IDENT) {
            // Get IDENT.
            final String ident = (String)expectValue(IDENT);

            if (type != COLON) {
                final long getSetToken = propertyToken;

                switch (ident) {
                case "get":
                    final PropertyFunction getter = propertyGetterFunction(getSetToken, functionLine);
                    return new PropertyNode(propertyToken, finish, getter.ident, null, getter.functionNode, null);

                case "set":
                    final PropertyFunction setter = propertySetterFunction(getSetToken, functionLine);
                    return new PropertyNode(propertyToken, finish, setter.ident, null, null, setter.functionNode);
                default:
                    break;
                }
            }

            propertyName =  new IdentNode(propertyToken, finish, ident).setIsPropertyName();
        } else {
            propertyName = propertyName();
        }

        expect(COLON);

        defaultNames.push(propertyName);
        try {
            return new PropertyNode(propertyToken, finish, propertyName, assignmentExpression(false), null, null);
        } finally {
            defaultNames.pop();
        }
    }

    private PropertyFunction propertyGetterFunction(final long getSetToken, final int functionLine) {
        final PropertyKey getIdent = propertyName();
        final String getterName = getIdent.getPropertyName();
        final IdentNode getNameNode = new IdentNode(((Node)getIdent).getToken(), finish, NameCodec.encode("get " + getterName));
        expect(LPAREN);
        expect(RPAREN);
        final FunctionNode functionNode = functionBody(getSetToken, getNameNode, new ArrayList<IdentNode>(), FunctionNode.Kind.GETTER, functionLine);

        return new PropertyFunction(getIdent, functionNode);
    }

    private PropertyFunction propertySetterFunction(final long getSetToken, final int functionLine) {
        final PropertyKey setIdent = propertyName();
        final String setterName = setIdent.getPropertyName();
        final IdentNode setNameNode = new IdentNode(((Node)setIdent).getToken(), finish, NameCodec.encode("set " + setterName));
        expect(LPAREN);
        // be sloppy and allow missing setter parameter even though
        // spec does not permit it!
        final IdentNode argIdent;
        if (type == IDENT || isNonStrictModeIdent()) {
            argIdent = getIdent();
            verifyStrictIdent(argIdent, "setter argument");
        } else {
            argIdent = null;
        }
        expect(RPAREN);
        final List<IdentNode> parameters = new ArrayList<>();
        if (argIdent != null) {
            parameters.add(argIdent);
        }
        final FunctionNode functionNode = functionBody(getSetToken, setNameNode, parameters, FunctionNode.Kind.SETTER, functionLine);

        return new PropertyFunction(setIdent, functionNode);
    }

    private static class PropertyFunction {
        final PropertyKey ident;
        final FunctionNode functionNode;

        PropertyFunction(final PropertyKey ident, final FunctionNode function) {
            this.ident = ident;
            this.functionNode = function;
        }
    }

    /**
     * LeftHandSideExpression :
     *      NewExpression
     *      CallExpression
     *
     * CallExpression :
     *      MemberExpression Arguments
     *      CallExpression Arguments
     *      CallExpression [ Expression ]
     *      CallExpression . IdentifierName
     *
     * See 11.2
     *
     * Parse left hand side expression.
     * @return Expression node.
     */
    private Expression leftHandSideExpression() {
        int  callLine  = line;
        long callToken = token;

        Expression lhs = memberExpression();

        if (type == LPAREN) {
            final List<Expression> arguments = optimizeList(argumentList());

            // Catch special functions.
            if (lhs instanceof IdentNode) {
                detectSpecialFunction((IdentNode)lhs);
            }

            lhs = new CallNode(callLine, callToken, finish, lhs, arguments, false);
        }

loop:
        while (true) {
            // Capture token.
            callLine  = line;
            callToken = token;

            switch (type) {
            case LPAREN:
                // Get NEW or FUNCTION arguments.
                final List<Expression> arguments = optimizeList(argumentList());

                // Create call node.
                lhs = new CallNode(callLine, callToken, finish, lhs, arguments, false);

                break;

            case LBRACKET:
                next();

                // Get array index.
                final Expression rhs = expression();

                expect(RBRACKET);

                // Create indexing node.
                lhs = new IndexNode(callToken, finish, lhs, rhs);

                break;

            case PERIOD:
                next();

                final IdentNode property = getIdentifierName();

                // Create property access node.
                lhs = new AccessNode(callToken, finish, lhs, property.getName());

                break;

            default:
                break loop;
            }
        }

        return lhs;
    }

    /**
     * NewExpression :
     *      MemberExpression
     *      new NewExpression
     *
     * See 11.2
     *
     * Parse new expression.
     * @return Expression node.
     */
    private Expression newExpression() {
        final long newToken = token;
        // NEW is tested in caller.
        next();

        // Get function base.
        final int  callLine    = line;
        final Expression constructor = memberExpression();
        if (constructor == null) {
            return null;
        }
        // Get arguments.
        ArrayList<Expression> arguments;

        // Allow for missing arguments.
        if (type == LPAREN) {
            arguments = argumentList();
        } else {
            arguments = new ArrayList<>();
        }

        // Nashorn extension: This is to support the following interface implementation
        // syntax:
        //
        //     var r = new java.lang.Runnable() {
        //         run: function() { println("run"); }
        //     };
        //
        // The object literal following the "new Constructor()" expresssion
        // is passed as an additional (last) argument to the constructor.
        if (!env._no_syntax_extensions && type == LBRACE) {
            arguments.add(objectLiteral());
        }

        final CallNode callNode = new CallNode(callLine, constructor.getToken(), finish, constructor, optimizeList(arguments), true);

        return new UnaryNode(newToken, callNode);
    }

    /**
     * MemberExpression :
     *      PrimaryExpression
     *      FunctionExpression
     *      MemberExpression [ Expression ]
     *      MemberExpression . IdentifierName
     *      new MemberExpression Arguments
     *
     * See 11.2
     *
     * Parse member expression.
     * @return Expression node.
     */
    private Expression memberExpression() {
        // Prepare to build operation.
        Expression lhs;

        switch (type) {
        case NEW:
            // Get new expression.
            lhs = newExpression();
            break;

        case FUNCTION:
            // Get function expression.
            lhs = functionExpression(false, false);
            break;

        default:
            // Get primary expression.
            lhs = primaryExpression();
            break;
        }

loop:
        while (true) {
            // Capture token.
            final long callToken = token;

            switch (type) {
            case LBRACKET:
                next();

                // Get array index.
                final Expression index = expression();

                expect(RBRACKET);

                // Create indexing node.
                lhs = new IndexNode(callToken, finish, lhs, index);

                break;

            case PERIOD:
                if (lhs == null) {
                    throw error(AbstractParser.message("expected.operand", type.getNameOrType()));
                }

                next();

                final IdentNode property = getIdentifierName();

                // Create property access node.
                lhs = new AccessNode(callToken, finish, lhs, property.getName());

                break;

            default:
                break loop;
            }
        }

        return lhs;
    }

    /**
     * Arguments :
     *      ( )
     *      ( ArgumentList )
     *
     * ArgumentList :
     *      AssignmentExpression
     *      ArgumentList , AssignmentExpression
     *
     * See 11.2
     *
     * Parse function call arguments.
     * @return Argument list.
     */
    private ArrayList<Expression> argumentList() {
        // Prepare to accumulate list of arguments.
        final ArrayList<Expression> nodeList = new ArrayList<>();
        // LPAREN tested in caller.
        next();

        // Track commas.
        boolean first = true;

        while (type != RPAREN) {
            // Comma prior to every argument except the first.
            if (!first) {
                expect(COMMARIGHT);
            } else {
                first = false;
            }

            // Get argument expression.
            nodeList.add(assignmentExpression(false));
        }

        expect(RPAREN);
        return nodeList;
    }

    private static <T> List<T> optimizeList(final ArrayList<T> list) {
        switch(list.size()) {
            case 0: {
                return Collections.emptyList();
            }
            case 1: {
                return Collections.singletonList(list.get(0));
            }
            default: {
                list.trimToSize();
                return list;
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * FunctionDeclaration :
     *      function Identifier ( FormalParameterList? ) { FunctionBody }
     *
     * FunctionExpression :
     *      function Identifier? ( FormalParameterList? ) { FunctionBody }
     *
     * See 13
     *
     * Parse function declaration.
     * @param isStatement True if for is a statement.
     *
     * @return Expression node.
     */
    private Expression functionExpression(final boolean isStatement, final boolean topLevel) {
        final long functionToken = token;
        final int  functionLine  = line;
        // FUNCTION is tested in caller.
        next();

        IdentNode name = null;

        if (type == IDENT || isNonStrictModeIdent()) {
            name = getIdent();
            verifyStrictIdent(name, "function name");
        } else if (isStatement) {
            // Nashorn extension: anonymous function statements
            if (env._no_syntax_extensions) {
                expect(IDENT);
            }
        }

        // name is null, generate anonymous name
        boolean isAnonymous = false;
        if (name == null) {
            final String tmpName = getDefaultValidFunctionName(functionLine);
            name = new IdentNode(functionToken, Token.descPosition(functionToken), tmpName);
            isAnonymous = true;
        }

        expect(LPAREN);
        final List<IdentNode> parameters = formalParameterList();
        expect(RPAREN);

        FunctionNode functionNode = functionBody(functionToken, name, parameters, FunctionNode.Kind.NORMAL, functionLine);

        if (isStatement) {
            if (topLevel) {
                functionNode = functionNode.setFlag(lc, FunctionNode.IS_DECLARED);
            } else if (isStrictMode) {
                throw error(JSErrorType.SYNTAX_ERROR, AbstractParser.message("strict.no.func.decl.here"), functionToken);
            } else if (env._function_statement == ScriptEnvironment.FunctionStatementBehavior.ERROR) {
                throw error(JSErrorType.SYNTAX_ERROR, AbstractParser.message("no.func.decl.here"), functionToken);
            } else if (env._function_statement == ScriptEnvironment.FunctionStatementBehavior.WARNING) {
                warning(JSErrorType.SYNTAX_ERROR, AbstractParser.message("no.func.decl.here.warn"), functionToken);
            }
            if (isArguments(name)) {
                lc.setFlag(lc.getCurrentFunction(), FunctionNode.DEFINES_ARGUMENTS);
            }
        }

        if (isAnonymous) {
            functionNode = functionNode.setFlag(lc, FunctionNode.IS_ANONYMOUS);
        }

        final int arity = parameters.size();

        final boolean strict = functionNode.isStrict();
        if (arity > 1) {
            final HashSet<String> parametersSet = new HashSet<>(arity);

            for (int i = arity - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
                final IdentNode parameter = parameters.get(i);
                String parameterName = parameter.getName();

                if (isArguments(parameterName)) {
                    functionNode = functionNode.setFlag(lc, FunctionNode.DEFINES_ARGUMENTS);
                }

                if (parametersSet.contains(parameterName)) {
                    // redefinition of parameter name
                    if (strict) {
                        throw error(AbstractParser.message("strict.param.redefinition", parameterName), parameter.getToken());
                    }
                    // rename in non-strict mode
                    parameterName = functionNode.uniqueName(parameterName);
                    final long parameterToken = parameter.getToken();
                    parameters.set(i, new IdentNode(parameterToken, Token.descPosition(parameterToken), functionNode.uniqueName(parameterName)));
                }

                parametersSet.add(parameterName);
            }
        } else if (arity == 1) {
            if (isArguments(parameters.get(0))) {
                functionNode = functionNode.setFlag(lc, FunctionNode.DEFINES_ARGUMENTS);
            }
        }

        if (isStatement) {
            final VarNode varNode = new VarNode(functionLine, functionToken, finish, name, functionNode, VarNode.IS_STATEMENT);
            if (topLevel) {
                functionDeclarations.add(varNode);
            } else {
                appendStatement(varNode);
            }
        }

        return functionNode;
    }

    private String getDefaultValidFunctionName(final int functionLine) {
        final String defaultFunctionName = getDefaultFunctionName();
        return isValidIdentifier(defaultFunctionName) ? defaultFunctionName : ANON_FUNCTION_PREFIX.symbolName() + functionLine;
    }

    private static boolean isValidIdentifier(final String name) {
        if(name == null || name.isEmpty()) {
            return false;
        }
        if(!Character.isJavaIdentifierStart(name.charAt(0))) {
            return false;
        }
        for(int i = 1; i < name.length(); ++i) {
            if(!Character.isJavaIdentifierPart(name.charAt(i))) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }

    private String getDefaultFunctionName() {
        if(!defaultNames.isEmpty()) {
            final Object nameExpr = defaultNames.peek();
            if(nameExpr instanceof PropertyKey) {
                markDefaultNameUsed();
                return ((PropertyKey)nameExpr).getPropertyName();
            } else if(nameExpr instanceof AccessNode) {
                markDefaultNameUsed();
                return ((AccessNode)nameExpr).getProperty();
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

    private void markDefaultNameUsed() {
        defaultNames.pop();
        // Can be any value as long as getDefaultFunctionName doesn't recognize it as something it can extract a value
        // from. Can't be null
        defaultNames.push("");
    }

    /**
     * FormalParameterList :
     *      Identifier
     *      FormalParameterList , Identifier
     *
     * See 13
     *
     * Parse function parameter list.
     * @return List of parameter nodes.
     */
    private List<IdentNode> formalParameterList() {
        return formalParameterList(RPAREN);
    }

    /**
     * Same as the other method of the same name - except that the end
     * token type expected is passed as argument to this method.
     *
     * FormalParameterList :
     *      Identifier
     *      FormalParameterList , Identifier
     *
     * See 13
     *
     * Parse function parameter list.
     * @return List of parameter nodes.
     */
    private List<IdentNode> formalParameterList(final TokenType endType) {
        // Prepare to gather parameters.
        final ArrayList<IdentNode> parameters = new ArrayList<>();
        // Track commas.
        boolean first = true;

        while (type != endType) {
            // Comma prior to every argument except the first.
            if (!first) {
                expect(COMMARIGHT);
            } else {
                first = false;
            }

            // Get and add parameter.
            final IdentNode ident = getIdent();

            // ECMA 13.1 strict mode restrictions
            verifyStrictIdent(ident, "function parameter");

            parameters.add(ident);
        }

        parameters.trimToSize();
        return parameters;
    }

    /**
     * FunctionBody :
     *      SourceElements?
     *
     * See 13
     *
     * Parse function body.
     * @return function node (body.)
     */
    private FunctionNode functionBody(final long firstToken, final IdentNode ident, final List<IdentNode> parameters, final FunctionNode.Kind kind, final int functionLine) {
        FunctionNode functionNode = null;
        long lastToken = 0L;

        try {
            // Create a new function block.
            functionNode = newFunctionNode(firstToken, ident, parameters, kind, functionLine);

            // Nashorn extension: expression closures
            if (!env._no_syntax_extensions && type != LBRACE) {
                /*
                 * Example:
                 *
                 * function square(x) x * x;
                 * print(square(3));
                 */

                // just expression as function body
                final Expression expr = assignmentExpression(true);
                lastToken = previousToken;
                assert lc.getCurrentBlock() == lc.getFunctionBody(functionNode);
                // EOL uses length field to store the line number
                final int lastFinish = Token.descPosition(lastToken) + (Token.descType(lastToken) == EOL ? 0 : Token.descLength(lastToken));
                final ReturnNode returnNode = new ReturnNode(functionNode.getLineNumber(), expr.getToken(), lastFinish, expr);
                appendStatement(returnNode);
                functionNode.setFinish(lastFinish);

            } else {
                expect(LBRACE);

                // Gather the function elements.
                final List<Statement> prevFunctionDecls = functionDeclarations;
                functionDeclarations = new ArrayList<>();
                try {
                    sourceElements(false);
                    addFunctionDeclarations(functionNode);
                } finally {
                    functionDeclarations = prevFunctionDecls;
                }

                lastToken = token;
                expect(RBRACE);
                functionNode.setFinish(finish);

            }
        } finally {
            functionNode = restoreFunctionNode(functionNode, lastToken);
        }
        return functionNode;
    }

    private void addFunctionDeclarations(final FunctionNode functionNode) {
        assert lc.peek() == lc.getFunctionBody(functionNode);
        VarNode lastDecl = null;
        for (int i = functionDeclarations.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
            Statement decl = functionDeclarations.get(i);
            if (lastDecl == null && decl instanceof VarNode) {
                decl = lastDecl = ((VarNode)decl).setFlag(VarNode.IS_LAST_FUNCTION_DECLARATION);
                lc.setFlag(functionNode, FunctionNode.HAS_FUNCTION_DECLARATIONS);
            }
            prependStatement(decl);
        }
    }

    private RuntimeNode referenceError(final Expression lhs, final Expression rhs, final boolean earlyError) {
        if (earlyError) {
            throw error(JSErrorType.REFERENCE_ERROR, AbstractParser.message("invalid.lvalue"), lhs.getToken());
        }
        final ArrayList<Expression> args = new ArrayList<>();
        args.add(lhs);
        if (rhs == null) {
            args.add(LiteralNode.newInstance(lhs.getToken(), lhs.getFinish()));
        } else {
            args.add(rhs);
        }
        args.add(LiteralNode.newInstance(lhs.getToken(), lhs.getFinish(), lhs.toString()));
        return new RuntimeNode(lhs.getToken(), lhs.getFinish(), RuntimeNode.Request.REFERENCE_ERROR, args);
    }

    /*
     * parse LHS [a, b, ..., c].
     *
     * JavaScript 1.8.
     */
    //private Node destructureExpression() {
    //    return null;
    //}

    /**
     * PostfixExpression :
     *      LeftHandSideExpression
     *      LeftHandSideExpression ++ // [no LineTerminator here]
     *      LeftHandSideExpression -- // [no LineTerminator here]
     *
     * See 11.3
     *
     * UnaryExpression :
     *      PostfixExpression
     *      delete UnaryExpression
     *      Node UnaryExpression
     *      typeof UnaryExpression
     *      ++ UnaryExpression
     *      -- UnaryExpression
     *      + UnaryExpression
     *      - UnaryExpression
     *      ~ UnaryExpression
     *      ! UnaryExpression
     *
     * See 11.4
     *
     * Parse unary expression.
     * @return Expression node.
     */
    private Expression unaryExpression() {
        final int  unaryLine  = line;
        final long unaryToken = token;

        switch (type) {
        case DELETE: {
            next();
            final Expression expr = unaryExpression();
            if (expr instanceof BaseNode || expr instanceof IdentNode) {
                return new UnaryNode(unaryToken, expr);
            }
            appendStatement(new ExpressionStatement(unaryLine, unaryToken, finish, expr));
            return LiteralNode.newInstance(unaryToken, finish, true);
        }
        case VOID:
        case TYPEOF:
        case ADD:
        case SUB:
        case BIT_NOT:
        case NOT:
            next();
            final Expression expr = unaryExpression();
            return new UnaryNode(unaryToken, expr);

        case INCPREFIX:
        case DECPREFIX:
            final TokenType opType = type;
            next();

            final Expression lhs = leftHandSideExpression();
            // ++, -- without operand..
            if (lhs == null) {
                throw error(AbstractParser.message("expected.lvalue", type.getNameOrType()));
            }

            if (!(lhs instanceof AccessNode ||
                  lhs instanceof IndexNode ||
                  lhs instanceof IdentNode)) {
                return referenceError(lhs, null, env._early_lvalue_error);
            }

            if (lhs instanceof IdentNode) {
                if (!checkIdentLValue((IdentNode)lhs)) {
                    return referenceError(lhs, null, false);
                }
                verifyStrictIdent((IdentNode)lhs, "operand for " + opType.getName() + " operator");
            }

            return incDecExpression(unaryToken, opType, lhs, false);

        default:
            break;
        }

        Expression expression = leftHandSideExpression();

        if (last != EOL) {
            switch (type) {
            case INCPREFIX:
            case DECPREFIX:
                final TokenType opType = type;
                final Expression lhs = expression;
                // ++, -- without operand..
                if (lhs == null) {
                    throw error(AbstractParser.message("expected.lvalue", type.getNameOrType()));
                }

                if (!(lhs instanceof AccessNode ||
                   lhs instanceof IndexNode ||
                   lhs instanceof IdentNode)) {
                    next();
                    return referenceError(lhs, null, env._early_lvalue_error);
                }
                if (lhs instanceof IdentNode) {
                    if (!checkIdentLValue((IdentNode)lhs)) {
                        next();
                        return referenceError(lhs, null, false);
                    }
                    verifyStrictIdent((IdentNode)lhs, "operand for " + opType.getName() + " operator");
                }
                expression = incDecExpression(token, type, expression, true);
                next();
                break;
            default:
                break;
            }
        }

        if (expression == null) {
            throw error(AbstractParser.message("expected.operand", type.getNameOrType()));
        }

        return expression;
    }

    /**
     * MultiplicativeExpression :
     *      UnaryExpression
     *      MultiplicativeExpression * UnaryExpression
     *      MultiplicativeExpression / UnaryExpression
     *      MultiplicativeExpression % UnaryExpression
     *
     * See 11.5
     *
     * AdditiveExpression :
     *      MultiplicativeExpression
     *      AdditiveExpression + MultiplicativeExpression
     *      AdditiveExpression - MultiplicativeExpression
     *
     * See 11.6
     *
     * ShiftExpression :
     *      AdditiveExpression
     *      ShiftExpression << AdditiveExpression
     *      ShiftExpression >> AdditiveExpression
     *      ShiftExpression >>> AdditiveExpression
     *
     * See 11.7
     *
     * RelationalExpression :
     *      ShiftExpression
     *      RelationalExpression < ShiftExpression
     *      RelationalExpression > ShiftExpression
     *      RelationalExpression <= ShiftExpression
     *      RelationalExpression >= ShiftExpression
     *      RelationalExpression instanceof ShiftExpression
     *      RelationalExpression in ShiftExpression // if !noIf
     *
     * See 11.8
     *
     *      RelationalExpression
     *      EqualityExpression == RelationalExpression
     *      EqualityExpression != RelationalExpression
     *      EqualityExpression === RelationalExpression
     *      EqualityExpression !== RelationalExpression
     *
     * See 11.9
     *
     * BitwiseANDExpression :
     *      EqualityExpression
     *      BitwiseANDExpression & EqualityExpression
     *
     * BitwiseXORExpression :
     *      BitwiseANDExpression
     *      BitwiseXORExpression ^ BitwiseANDExpression
     *
     * BitwiseORExpression :
     *      BitwiseXORExpression
     *      BitwiseORExpression | BitwiseXORExpression
     *
     * See 11.10
     *
     * LogicalANDExpression :
     *      BitwiseORExpression
     *      LogicalANDExpression && BitwiseORExpression
     *
     * LogicalORExpression :
     *      LogicalANDExpression
     *      LogicalORExpression || LogicalANDExpression
     *
     * See 11.11
     *
     * ConditionalExpression :
     *      LogicalORExpression
     *      LogicalORExpression ? AssignmentExpression : AssignmentExpression
     *
     * See 11.12
     *
     * AssignmentExpression :
     *      ConditionalExpression
     *      LeftHandSideExpression AssignmentOperator AssignmentExpression
     *
     * AssignmentOperator :
     *      = *= /= %= += -= <<= >>= >>>= &= ^= |=
     *
     * See 11.13
     *
     * Expression :
     *      AssignmentExpression
     *      Expression , AssignmentExpression
     *
     * See 11.14
     *
     * Parse expression.
     * @return Expression node.
     */
    private Expression expression() {
        // TODO - Destructuring array.
        // Include commas in expression parsing.
        return expression(unaryExpression(), COMMARIGHT.getPrecedence(), false);
    }

    private JoinPredecessorExpression joinPredecessorExpression() {
        return new JoinPredecessorExpression(expression());
    }

    private Expression expression(final Expression exprLhs, final int minPrecedence, final boolean noIn) {
        // Get the precedence of the next operator.
        int precedence = type.getPrecedence();
        Expression lhs = exprLhs;

        // While greater precedence.
        while (type.isOperator(noIn) && precedence >= minPrecedence) {
            // Capture the operator token.
            final long op = token;

            if (type == TERNARY) {
                // Skip operator.
                next();

                // Pass expression. Middle expression of a conditional expression can be a "in"
                // expression - even in the contexts where "in" is not permitted.
                final Expression trueExpr = expression(unaryExpression(), ASSIGN.getPrecedence(), false);

                expect(COLON);

                // Fail expression.
                final Expression falseExpr = expression(unaryExpression(), ASSIGN.getPrecedence(), noIn);

                // Build up node.
                lhs = new TernaryNode(op, lhs, new JoinPredecessorExpression(trueExpr), new JoinPredecessorExpression(falseExpr));
            } else {
                // Skip operator.
                next();

                 // Get the next primary expression.
                Expression rhs;
                final boolean isAssign = Token.descType(op) == ASSIGN;
                if(isAssign) {
                    defaultNames.push(lhs);
                }
                try {
                    rhs = unaryExpression();
                    // Get precedence of next operator.
                    int nextPrecedence = type.getPrecedence();

                    // Subtask greater precedence.
                    while (type.isOperator(noIn) &&
                           (nextPrecedence > precedence ||
                           nextPrecedence == precedence && !type.isLeftAssociative())) {
                        rhs = expression(rhs, nextPrecedence, noIn);
                        nextPrecedence = type.getPrecedence();
                    }
                } finally {
                    if(isAssign) {
                        defaultNames.pop();
                    }
                }
                lhs = verifyAssignment(op, lhs, rhs);
            }

            precedence = type.getPrecedence();
        }

        return lhs;
    }

    private Expression assignmentExpression(final boolean noIn) {
        // TODO - Handle decompose.
        // Exclude commas in expression parsing.
        return expression(unaryExpression(), ASSIGN.getPrecedence(), noIn);
    }

    /**
     * Parse an end of line.
     */
    private void endOfLine() {
        switch (type) {
        case SEMICOLON:
        case EOL:
            next();
            break;
        case RPAREN:
        case RBRACKET:
        case RBRACE:
        case EOF:
            break;
        default:
            if (last != EOL) {
                expect(SEMICOLON);
            }
            break;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "'JavaScript Parsing'";
    }

    private static void markEval(final LexicalContext lc) {
        final Iterator<FunctionNode> iter = lc.getFunctions();
        boolean flaggedCurrentFn = false;
        while (iter.hasNext()) {
            final FunctionNode fn = iter.next();
            if (!flaggedCurrentFn) {
                lc.setFlag(fn, FunctionNode.HAS_EVAL);
                flaggedCurrentFn = true;
            } else {
                lc.setFlag(fn, FunctionNode.HAS_NESTED_EVAL);
            }
            lc.setBlockNeedsScope(lc.getFunctionBody(fn));
        }
    }

    private void prependStatement(final Statement statement) {
        lc.prependStatement(statement);
    }

    private void appendStatement(final Statement statement) {
        lc.appendStatement(statement);
    }
}