xref: /haiku/src/system/kernel/fs/vfs_boot.cpp

/*
 * Copyright 2007-2014, Ingo Weinhold, ingo_weinhold@gmx.de.
 * Copyright 2002-2010, Axel D��rfler, axeld@pinc-software.de.
 * Distributed under the terms of the MIT License.
 *
 * Copyright 2001-2002, Travis Geiselbrecht. All rights reserved.
 * Distributed under the terms of the NewOS License.
 */


#include "vfs_boot.h"

#include <stdio.h>
#include <strings.h>

#include <fs_info.h>
#include <OS.h>

#include <boot/kernel_args.h>
#include <directories.h>
#include <disk_device_manager/KDiskDevice.h>
#include <disk_device_manager/KDiskDeviceManager.h>
#include <disk_device_manager/KPartitionVisitor.h>
#include <DiskDeviceTypes.h>
#include <file_cache.h>
#include <fs/KPath.h>
#include <kmodule.h>
#include <syscalls.h>
#include <util/KMessage.h>
#include <util/Stack.h>
#include <vfs.h>

#include "vfs_net_boot.h"


//#define TRACE_VFS
#ifdef TRACE_VFS
#	define TRACE(x) dprintf x
#else
#	define TRACE(x) ;
#endif


typedef Stack<KPartition *> PartitionStack;

static struct {
	const char *path;
	const char *target;
} sPredefinedLinks[] = {
	{ kGlobalSystemDirectory,		kSystemDirectory },
	{ kGlobalBinDirectory,			kSystemBinDirectory },
	{ kGlobalEtcDirectory,			kSystemEtcDirectory },
	{ kGlobalTempDirectory,			kSystemTempDirectory },
	{ kGlobalVarDirectory,			kSystemVarDirectory },
	{ kGlobalPackageLinksDirectory,	kSystemPackageLinksDirectory },
	{NULL}
};

// This can be used by other code to see if there is a boot file system already
dev_t gBootDevice = -1;
bool gReadOnlyBootDevice = false;


/*!	No image was chosen - prefer disks with names like "Haiku", or "System"
 */
int
compare_image_boot(const void* _a, const void* _b)
{
	KPartition* a = *(KPartition**)_a;
	KPartition* b = *(KPartition**)_b;

	if (a->ContentName() != NULL) {
		if (b->ContentName() == NULL)
			return 1;
	} else if (b->ContentName() != NULL) {
		return -1;
	} else
		return 0;

	int compare = strcasecmp(a->ContentName(), b->ContentName());
	if (!compare)
		return 0;

	if (!strcasecmp(a->ContentName(), "Haiku"))
		return 1;
	if (!strcasecmp(b->ContentName(), "Haiku"))
		return -1;
	if (!strncmp(a->ContentName(), "System", 6))
		return 1;
	if (!strncmp(b->ContentName(), "System", 6))
		return -1;

	return compare;
}


/*!	The system was booted from CD - prefer CDs over other entries. If there
	is no CD, fall back to the standard mechanism (as implemented by
	compare_image_boot().
*/
static int
compare_cd_boot(const void* _a, const void* _b)
{
	KPartition* a = *(KPartition**)_a;
	KPartition* b = *(KPartition**)_b;

	bool aIsCD = a->Type() != NULL
		&& !strcmp(a->Type(), kPartitionTypeDataSession);
	bool bIsCD = b->Type() != NULL
		&& !strcmp(b->Type(), kPartitionTypeDataSession);

	int compare = (int)aIsCD - (int)bIsCD;
	if (compare != 0)
		return compare;

	return compare_image_boot(_a, _b);
}


/*!	Computes a check sum for the specified block.
	The check sum is the sum of all data in that block interpreted as an
	array of uint32 values.
	Note, this must use the same method as the one used in
	boot/platform/bios_ia32/devices.cpp (or similar solutions).
*/
static uint32
compute_check_sum(KDiskDevice* device, off_t offset)
{
	char buffer[512];
	ssize_t bytesRead = read_pos(device->FD(), offset, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
	if (bytesRead < B_OK)
		return 0;

	if (bytesRead < (ssize_t)sizeof(buffer))
		memset(buffer + bytesRead, 0, sizeof(buffer) - bytesRead);

	uint32* array = (uint32*)buffer;
	uint32 sum = 0;

	for (uint32 i = 0;
			i < (bytesRead + sizeof(uint32) - 1) / sizeof(uint32); i++) {
		sum += array[i];
	}

	return sum;
}


// #pragma mark - BootMethod


BootMethod::BootMethod(const KMessage& bootVolume, int32 method)
	:
	fBootVolume(bootVolume),
	fMethod(method)
{
}


BootMethod::~BootMethod()
{
}


status_t
BootMethod::Init()
{
	return B_OK;
}


// #pragma mark - DiskBootMethod


class DiskBootMethod : public BootMethod {
public:
	DiskBootMethod(const KMessage& bootVolume, int32 method)
		: BootMethod(bootVolume, method)
	{
	}

	virtual bool IsBootDevice(KDiskDevice* device, bool strict);
	virtual bool IsBootPartition(KPartition* partition, bool& foundForSure);
	virtual void SortPartitions(KPartition** partitions, int32 count);
};


bool
DiskBootMethod::IsBootDevice(KDiskDevice* device, bool strict)
{
	disk_identifier* disk;
	int32 diskIdentifierSize;
	if (fBootVolume.FindData(BOOT_VOLUME_DISK_IDENTIFIER, B_RAW_TYPE,
			(const void**)&disk, &diskIdentifierSize) != B_OK) {
		dprintf("DiskBootMethod::IsBootDevice(): no disk identifier!\n");
		return false;
	}

	TRACE(("boot device: bus %" B_PRId32 ", device %" B_PRId32 "\n",
		disk->bus_type, disk->device_type));

	// Assume that CD boots only happen off removable media.
	if (fMethod == BOOT_METHOD_CD && !device->IsRemovable())
		return false;

	switch (disk->bus_type) {
		case PCI_BUS:
		case LEGACY_BUS:
			// TODO: implement this! (and then enable this feature in the boot
			// loader)
			// (we need a way to get the device_node of a device, then)
			break;

		case UNKNOWN_BUS:
			// nothing to do here
			break;
	}

	switch (disk->device_type) {
		case UNKNOWN_DEVICE:
			// test if the size of the device matches
			// (the BIOS might have given us the wrong value here, though)
			if (strict && device->Size() != disk->device.unknown.size)
				return false;

			// Skip the check sum test for CDs, since we didn't read anything
			// useful from the disk in the boot loader.
			if (fMethod == BOOT_METHOD_CD)
				break;

			// check if the check sums match, too
			for (int32 i = 0; i < NUM_DISK_CHECK_SUMS; i++) {
				if (disk->device.unknown.check_sums[i].offset == -1)
					continue;

				if (compute_check_sum(device,
						disk->device.unknown.check_sums[i].offset)
							!= disk->device.unknown.check_sums[i].sum) {
					return false;
				}
			}
			break;

		case ATA_DEVICE:
		case ATAPI_DEVICE:
		case SCSI_DEVICE:
		case USB_DEVICE:
		case FIREWIRE_DEVICE:
		case FIBRE_DEVICE:
			// TODO: implement me!
			break;
	}

	return true;
}


bool
DiskBootMethod::IsBootPartition(KPartition* partition, bool& foundForSure)
{
	off_t bootPartitionOffset = fBootVolume.GetInt64(
		BOOT_VOLUME_PARTITION_OFFSET, 0);

	if (!fBootVolume.GetBool(BOOT_VOLUME_BOOTED_FROM_IMAGE, false)) {
		// the simple case: we can just boot from the selected boot
		// device
		if (partition->Offset() == bootPartitionOffset) {
			dprintf("Identified boot partition by partition offset.\n");
			foundForSure = true;
			return true;
		}
	} else {
		// For now, unless we can positively identify an anyboot CD, we will
		// just collect all BFS/ISO9660 volumes.

		if (fMethod == BOOT_METHOD_CD) {
			// Check for the boot partition of an anyboot CD. We identify it as
			// such if it is a partition on the CD, has type BFS, and the boot
			// partition offset is 0
			KDiskDevice* device = partition->Device();
			if (IsBootDevice(device, false)
				&& bootPartitionOffset == 0 && partition->Parent() == device
				&& device->ContentType() != NULL
				&& strcmp(device->ContentType(), kPartitionTypeIntel) == 0
				&& partition->ContentType() != NULL
				&& strcmp(partition->ContentType(), kPartitionTypeBFS) == 0) {
				dprintf("Identified anyboot CD.\n");
				foundForSure = true;
				return true;
			}

			// Ignore non-session partitions, if a boot partition was selected
			// by the user.
			if (fBootVolume.GetBool(BOOT_VOLUME_USER_SELECTED, false)
				&& partition->Type() != NULL
				&& strcmp(partition->Type(), kPartitionTypeDataSession) != 0) {
				return false;
			}
		}

		if (partition->ContentType() != NULL
			&& (strcmp(partition->ContentType(), kPartitionTypeBFS) == 0
			|| strcmp(partition->ContentType(), kPartitionTypeISO9660) == 0)) {
			return true;
		}
	}

	return false;
}


void
DiskBootMethod::SortPartitions(KPartition** partitions, int32 count)
{
	qsort(partitions, count, sizeof(KPartition*),
		fMethod == BOOT_METHOD_CD ? compare_cd_boot : compare_image_boot);
}


// #pragma mark -


/*!	Make the boot partition (and probably others) available.
	The partitions that are a boot candidate a put into the /a partitions
	stack. If the user selected a boot device, there is will only be one
	entry in this stack; if not, the most likely is put up first.
	The boot code should then just try them one by one.
*/
static status_t
get_boot_partitions(KMessage& bootVolume, PartitionStack& partitions)
{
	dprintf("get_boot_partitions(): boot volume message:\n");
	bootVolume.Dump(&dprintf);

	// create boot method
	int32 bootMethodType = bootVolume.GetInt32(BOOT_METHOD, BOOT_METHOD_DEFAULT);
	dprintf("get_boot_partitions(): boot method type: %" B_PRId32 "\n",
		bootMethodType);

	BootMethod* bootMethod = NULL;
	switch (bootMethodType) {
		case BOOT_METHOD_NET:
			bootMethod = new(nothrow) NetBootMethod(bootVolume, bootMethodType);
			break;

		case BOOT_METHOD_HARD_DISK:
		case BOOT_METHOD_CD:
		default:
			bootMethod = new(nothrow) DiskBootMethod(bootVolume,
				bootMethodType);
			break;
	}

	status_t status = bootMethod != NULL ? bootMethod->Init() : B_NO_MEMORY;
	if (status != B_OK)
		return status;

	KDiskDeviceManager::CreateDefault();
	KDiskDeviceManager *manager = KDiskDeviceManager::Default();

	status = manager->InitialDeviceScan();
	if (status != B_OK) {
		dprintf("KDiskDeviceManager::InitialDeviceScan() returned error: %s\n",
			strerror(status));
		// InitialDeviceScan returns error if one (or more) partitions are
		// determined to be invalid. The partition we are trying to boot from
		// may be usuable anyway, so don't fail here.
	}

#if KDEBUG
	// dump devices and partitions
	KDiskDevice *device;
	int32 cookie = 0;
	while ((device = manager->NextDevice(&cookie)) != NULL) {
		device->Dump(true, 0);
	}
#endif

	struct BootPartitionVisitor : KPartitionVisitor {
		BootPartitionVisitor(BootMethod* bootMethod, PartitionStack &stack)
			: fPartitions(stack),
			  fBootMethod(bootMethod)
		{
		}

		virtual bool VisitPre(KPartition *partition)
		{
			if (!partition->ContainsFileSystem())
				return false;

			bool foundForSure = false;
			if (fBootMethod->IsBootPartition(partition, foundForSure))
				fPartitions.Push(partition);

			// if found for sure, we can terminate the search
			return foundForSure;
		}

		private:
			PartitionStack	&fPartitions;
			BootMethod*		fBootMethod;
	} visitor(bootMethod, partitions);

	bool strict = true;

	while (true) {
		KDiskDevice *device;
		int32 cookie = 0;
		while ((device = manager->NextDevice(&cookie)) != NULL) {
			if (!bootMethod->IsBootDevice(device, strict))
				continue;

			if (device->VisitEachDescendant(&visitor) != NULL)
				break;
		}

		if (!partitions.IsEmpty() || !strict)
			break;

		// we couldn't find any potential boot devices, try again less strict
		strict = false;
	}

	// sort partition list (e.g.. when booting from CD, CDs should come first in
	// the list)
	if (!bootVolume.GetBool(BOOT_VOLUME_USER_SELECTED, false))
		bootMethod->SortPartitions(partitions.Array(), partitions.CountItems());

	return B_OK;
}


//	#pragma mark -


status_t
vfs_bootstrap_file_systems(void)
{
	status_t status;

	// bootstrap the root filesystem
	status = _kern_mount("/", NULL, "rootfs", 0, NULL, 0);
	if (status < B_OK)
		panic("error mounting rootfs!\n");

	_kern_setcwd(-1, "/");

	// bootstrap the devfs
	_kern_create_dir(-1, "/dev", 0755);
	status = _kern_mount("/dev", NULL, "devfs", 0, NULL, 0);
	if (status < B_OK)
		panic("error mounting devfs\n");

	// create directory for the boot volume
	_kern_create_dir(-1, "/boot", 0755);

	// create some standard links on the rootfs

	for (int32 i = 0; sPredefinedLinks[i].path != NULL; i++) {
		_kern_create_symlink(-1, sPredefinedLinks[i].path,
			sPredefinedLinks[i].target, 0777);
			// we don't care if it will succeed or not
	}

	return B_OK;
}


void
vfs_mount_boot_file_system(kernel_args* args)
{
	KMessage bootVolume;
	bootVolume.SetTo(args->boot_volume, args->boot_volume_size);

	PartitionStack partitions;
	status_t status = get_boot_partitions(bootVolume, partitions);
	if (status < B_OK) {
		panic("get_boot_partitions failed!");
	}
	if (partitions.IsEmpty()) {
		panic("did not find any boot partitions! @! syslog | tail 15");
	}

	dev_t bootDevice = -1;

	KPartition* bootPartition;
	while (partitions.Pop(&bootPartition)) {
		KPath path;
		if (bootPartition->GetPath(&path) != B_OK)
			panic("could not get boot device!\n");

		const char* fsName = NULL;
		bool readOnly = false;
		if (strcmp(bootPartition->ContentType(), kPartitionTypeISO9660) == 0) {
			fsName = "iso9660:write_overlay:attribute_overlay";
			readOnly = true;
		} else if (bootPartition->IsReadOnly()
			&& strcmp(bootPartition->ContentType(), kPartitionTypeBFS) == 0) {
			fsName = "bfs:write_overlay";
			readOnly = true;
		}

		TRACE(("trying to mount boot partition: %s\n", path.Path()));

		bootDevice = _kern_mount("/boot", path.Path(), fsName, 0, NULL, 0);
		if (bootDevice >= 0) {
			dprintf("Mounted boot partition: %s\n", path.Path());
			gReadOnlyBootDevice = readOnly;
			break;
		}
	}

	if (bootDevice < B_OK)
		panic("could not mount boot device!\n");

	// create link for the name of the boot device

	fs_info info;
	if (_kern_read_fs_info(bootDevice, &info) == B_OK) {
		char path[B_FILE_NAME_LENGTH + 1];
		snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/%s", info.volume_name);

		_kern_create_symlink(-1, path, "/boot", 0777);
	}

	// If we're booting off a packaged system, mount packagefs.
	struct stat st;
	if (bootVolume.GetBool(BOOT_VOLUME_PACKAGED, false)
		|| (bootVolume.GetBool(BOOT_VOLUME_BOOTED_FROM_IMAGE, false)
			&& lstat(kSystemPackagesDirectory, &st) == 0)) {
		static const char* const kPackageFSName = "packagefs";

		char arguments[256];
		strlcpy(arguments, "packages /boot/system/packages; type system",
			sizeof(arguments));
		if (const char* stateName
				= bootVolume.GetString(BOOT_VOLUME_PACKAGES_STATE, NULL)) {
			strlcat(arguments, "; state ", sizeof(arguments));
			strlcat(arguments, stateName, sizeof(arguments));
		}

		dev_t packageMount = _kern_mount("/boot/system", NULL, kPackageFSName,
			0, arguments, 0 /* unused argument length */);
		if (packageMount < 0) {
			panic("Failed to mount system packagefs: %s",
				strerror(packageMount));
		}

		packageMount = _kern_mount("/boot/home/config", NULL, kPackageFSName, 0,
			"packages /boot/home/config/packages; type home",
			0 /* unused argument length */);
		if (packageMount < 0) {
			dprintf("Failed to mount home packagefs: %s\n",
				strerror(packageMount));
		}
	}

	status = _kern_mount("/boot/system/var/shared_memory", NULL, "ramfs", 0, NULL, 0);
	if (status < B_OK)
		dprintf("Failed to mount shared memory FS: %s\n", strerror(status));

	// Now that packagefs is mounted, the boot volume is really ready.
	gBootDevice = bootDevice;

	// Do post-boot-volume module initialization. The module code wants to know
	// whether the module images the boot loader has pre-loaded are the same as
	// on the boot volume. That is the case when booting from hard disk or CD,
	// but not via network.
	int32 bootMethodType = bootVolume.GetInt32(BOOT_METHOD, BOOT_METHOD_DEFAULT);
	bool bootingFromBootLoaderVolume = bootMethodType == BOOT_METHOD_HARD_DISK
		|| bootMethodType == BOOT_METHOD_CD;
	module_init_post_boot_device(bootingFromBootLoaderVolume);

	file_cache_init_post_boot_device();

	// search for other disk systems
	KDiskDeviceManager *manager = KDiskDeviceManager::Default();
	manager->RescanDiskSystems();
	manager->StartMonitoring();
}