1=head1 Introduction
2
3C<isl> is a thread-safe C library for manipulating
4sets and relations of integer points bounded by affine constraints.
5The descriptions of the sets and relations may involve
6both parameters and existentially quantified variables.
7All computations are performed in exact integer arithmetic
8using C<GMP>.
9The C<isl> library offers functionality that is similar
10to that offered by the C<Omega> and C<Omega+> libraries,
11but the underlying algorithms are in most cases completely different.
12
13The library is by no means complete and some fairly basic
14functionality is still missing.
15Still, even in its current form, the library has been successfully
16used as a backend polyhedral library for the polyhedral
17scanner C<CLooG> and as part of an equivalence checker of
18static affine programs.
19For bug reports, feature requests and questions,
20visit the the discussion group at
21L<http://groups.google.com/group/isl-development>.
22
23=head2 Backward Incompatible Changes
24
25=head3 Changes since isl-0.02
26
27=over
28
29=item * The old printing functions have been deprecated
30and replaced by C<isl_printer> functions, see L<Input and Output>.
31
32=item * Most functions related to dependence analysis have acquired
33an extra C<must> argument.  To obtain the old behavior, this argument
34should be given the value 1.  See L<Dependence Analysis>.
35
36=back
37
38=head3 Changes since isl-0.03
39
40=over
41
42=item * The function C<isl_pw_qpolynomial_fold_add> has been
43renamed to C<isl_pw_qpolynomial_fold_fold>.
44Similarly, C<isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_fold_add> has been
45renamed to C<isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_fold_fold>.
46
47=back
48
49=head3 Changes since isl-0.04
50
51=over
52
53=item * All header files have been renamed from C<isl_header.h>
54to C<isl/header.h>.
55
56=back
57
58=head3 Changes since isl-0.05
59
60=over
61
62=item * The functions C<isl_printer_print_basic_set> and
63C<isl_printer_print_basic_map> no longer print a newline.
64
65=item * The functions C<isl_flow_get_no_source>
66and C<isl_union_map_compute_flow> now return
67the accesses for which no source could be found instead of
68the iterations where those accesses occur.
69
70=item * The functions C<isl_basic_map_identity> and
71C<isl_map_identity> now take a B<map> space as input.  An old call
72C<isl_map_identity(space)> can be rewritten to
73C<isl_map_identity(isl_space_map_from_set(space))>.
74
75=item * The function C<isl_map_power> no longer takes
76a parameter position as input.  Instead, the exponent
77is now expressed as the domain of the resulting relation.
78
79=back
80
81=head3 Changes since isl-0.06
82
83=over
84
85=item * The format of C<isl_printer_print_qpolynomial>'s
86C<ISL_FORMAT_ISL> output has changed.
87Use C<ISL_FORMAT_C> to obtain the old output.
88
89=item * The C<*_fast_*> functions have been renamed to C<*_plain_*>.
90Some of the old names have been kept for backward compatibility,
91but they will be removed in the future.
92
93=back
94
95=head3 Changes since isl-0.07
96
97=over
98
99=item * The function C<isl_pw_aff_max> has been renamed to
100C<isl_pw_aff_union_max>.
101Similarly, the function C<isl_pw_aff_add> has been renamed to
102C<isl_pw_aff_union_add>.
103
104=item * The C<isl_dim> type has been renamed to C<isl_space>
105along with the associated functions.
106Some of the old names have been kept for backward compatibility,
107but they will be removed in the future.
108
109=item * Spaces of maps, sets and parameter domains are now
110treated differently.  The distinction between map spaces and set spaces
111has always been made on a conceptual level, but proper use of such spaces
112was never checked.  Furthermore, up until isl-0.07 there was no way
113of explicitly creating a parameter space.  These can now be created
114directly using C<isl_space_params_alloc> or from other spaces using
115C<isl_space_params>.
116
117=item * The space in which C<isl_aff>, C<isl_pw_aff>, C<isl_qpolynomial>,
118C<isl_pw_qpolynomial>, C<isl_qpolynomial_fold> and C<isl_pw_qpolynomial_fold>
119objects live is now a map space
120instead of a set space.  This means, for example, that the dimensions
121of the domain of an C<isl_aff> are now considered to be of type
122C<isl_dim_in> instead of C<isl_dim_set>.  Extra functions have been
123added to obtain the domain space.  Some of the constructors still
124take a domain space and have therefore been renamed.
125
126=item * The functions C<isl_equality_alloc> and C<isl_inequality_alloc>
127now take an C<isl_local_space> instead of an C<isl_space>.
128An C<isl_local_space> can be created from an C<isl_space>
129using C<isl_local_space_from_space>.
130
131=item * The C<isl_div> type has been removed.  Functions that used
132to return an C<isl_div> now return an C<isl_aff>.
133Note that the space of an C<isl_aff> is that of relation.
134When replacing a call to C<isl_div_get_coefficient> by a call to
135C<isl_aff_get_coefficient> any C<isl_dim_set> argument needs
136to be replaced by C<isl_dim_in>.
137A call to C<isl_aff_from_div> can be replaced by a call
138to C<isl_aff_floor>.
139A call to C<isl_qpolynomial_div(div)> call be replaced by
140the nested call
141
142	isl_qpolynomial_from_aff(isl_aff_floor(div))
143
144The function C<isl_constraint_div> has also been renamed
145to C<isl_constraint_get_div>.
146
147=item * The C<nparam> argument has been removed from
148C<isl_map_read_from_str> and similar functions.
149When reading input in the original PolyLib format,
150the result will have no parameters.
151If parameters are expected, the caller may want to perform
152dimension manipulation on the result.
153
154=back
155
156=head3 Changes since isl-0.09
157
158=over
159
160=item * The C<schedule_split_parallel> option has been replaced
161by the C<schedule_split_scaled> option.
162
163=item * The first argument of C<isl_pw_aff_cond> is now
164an C<isl_pw_aff> instead of an C<isl_set>.
165A call C<isl_pw_aff_cond(a, b, c)> can be replaced by
166
167	isl_pw_aff_cond(isl_set_indicator_function(a), b, c)
168
169=back
170
171=head3 Changes since isl-0.10
172
173=over
174
175=item * The functions C<isl_set_dim_has_lower_bound> and
176C<isl_set_dim_has_upper_bound> have been renamed to
177C<isl_set_dim_has_any_lower_bound> and
178C<isl_set_dim_has_any_upper_bound>.
179The new C<isl_set_dim_has_lower_bound> and
180C<isl_set_dim_has_upper_bound> have slightly different meanings.
181
182=back
183
184=head1 License
185
186C<isl> is released under the MIT license.
187
188=over
189
190Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
191this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
192the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
193use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies
194of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do
195so, subject to the following conditions:
196
197The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
198copies or substantial portions of the Software.
199
200THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
201IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
202FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
203AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
204LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
205OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
206SOFTWARE.
207
208=back
209
210Note that C<isl> currently requires C<GMP>, which is released
211under the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL).  This means
212that code linked against C<isl> is also linked against LGPL code.
213
214=head1 Installation
215
216The source of C<isl> can be obtained either as a tarball
217or from the git repository.  Both are available from
218L<http://freshmeat.net/projects/isl/>.
219The installation process depends on how you obtained
220the source.
221
222=head2 Installation from the git repository
223
224=over
225
226=item 1 Clone or update the repository
227
228The first time the source is obtained, you need to clone
229the repository.
230
231	git clone git://repo.or.cz/isl.git
232
233To obtain updates, you need to pull in the latest changes
234
235	git pull
236
237=item 2 Generate C<configure>
238
239	./autogen.sh
240
241=back
242
243After performing the above steps, continue
244with the L<Common installation instructions>.
245
246=head2 Common installation instructions
247
248=over
249
250=item 1 Obtain C<GMP>
251
252Building C<isl> requires C<GMP>, including its headers files.
253Your distribution may not provide these header files by default
254and you may need to install a package called C<gmp-devel> or something
255similar.  Alternatively, C<GMP> can be built from
256source, available from L<http://gmplib.org/>.
257
258=item 2 Configure
259
260C<isl> uses the standard C<autoconf> C<configure> script.
261To run it, just type
262
263	./configure
264
265optionally followed by some configure options.
266A complete list of options can be obtained by running
267
268	./configure --help
269
270Below we discuss some of the more common options.
271
272C<isl> can optionally use C<piplib>, but no
273C<piplib> functionality is currently used by default.
274The C<--with-piplib> option can
275be used to specify which C<piplib>
276library to use, either an installed version (C<system>),
277an externally built version (C<build>)
278or no version (C<no>).  The option C<build> is mostly useful
279in C<configure> scripts of larger projects that bundle both C<isl>
280and C<piplib>.
281
282=over
283
284=item C<--prefix>
285
286Installation prefix for C<isl>
287
288=item C<--with-gmp-prefix>
289
290Installation prefix for C<GMP> (architecture-independent files).
291
292=item C<--with-gmp-exec-prefix>
293
294Installation prefix for C<GMP> (architecture-dependent files).
295
296=item C<--with-piplib>
297
298Which copy of C<piplib> to use, either C<no> (default), C<system> or C<build>.
299
300=item C<--with-piplib-prefix>
301
302Installation prefix for C<system> C<piplib> (architecture-independent files).
303
304=item C<--with-piplib-exec-prefix>
305
306Installation prefix for C<system> C<piplib> (architecture-dependent files).
307
308=item C<--with-piplib-builddir>
309
310Location where C<build> C<piplib> was built.
311
312=back
313
314=item 3 Compile
315
316	make
317
318=item 4 Install (optional)
319
320	make install
321
322=back
323
324=head1 Integer Set Library
325
326=head2 Initialization
327
328All manipulations of integer sets and relations occur within
329the context of an C<isl_ctx>.
330A given C<isl_ctx> can only be used within a single thread.
331All arguments of a function are required to have been allocated
332within the same context.
333There are currently no functions available for moving an object
334from one C<isl_ctx> to another C<isl_ctx>.  This means that
335there is currently no way of safely moving an object from one
336thread to another, unless the whole C<isl_ctx> is moved.
337
338An C<isl_ctx> can be allocated using C<isl_ctx_alloc> and
339freed using C<isl_ctx_free>.
340All objects allocated within an C<isl_ctx> should be freed
341before the C<isl_ctx> itself is freed.
342
343	isl_ctx *isl_ctx_alloc();
344	void isl_ctx_free(isl_ctx *ctx);
345
346=head2 Values
347
348An C<isl_val> represents an integer value, a rational value
349or one of three special values, infinity, negative infinity and NaN.
350Some predefined values can be created using the following functions.
351
352	#include <isl/val.h>
353	__isl_give isl_val *isl_val_zero(isl_ctx *ctx);
354	__isl_give isl_val *isl_val_one(isl_ctx *ctx);
355	__isl_give isl_val *isl_val_nan(isl_ctx *ctx);
356	__isl_give isl_val *isl_val_infty(isl_ctx *ctx);
357	__isl_give isl_val *isl_val_neginfty(isl_ctx *ctx);
358
359Specific integer values can be created using the following functions.
360
361	#include <isl/val.h>
362	__isl_give isl_val *isl_val_int_from_si(isl_ctx *ctx,
363		long i);
364	__isl_give isl_val *isl_val_int_from_ui(isl_ctx *ctx,
365		unsigned long u);
366	__isl_give isl_val *isl_val_int_from_chunks(isl_ctx *ctx,
367		size_t n, size_t size, const void *chunks);
368
369The function C<isl_val_int_from_chunks> constructs an C<isl_val>
370from the C<n> I<digits>, each consisting of C<size> bytes, stored at C<chunks>.
371The least significant digit is assumed to be stored first.
372
373Value objects can be copied and freed using the following functions.
374
375	#include <isl/val.h>
376	__isl_give isl_val *isl_val_copy(__isl_keep isl_val *v);
377	void *isl_val_free(__isl_take isl_val *v);
378
379They can be inspected using the following functions.
380
381	#include <isl/val.h>
382	isl_ctx *isl_val_get_ctx(__isl_keep isl_val *val);
383	long isl_val_get_num_si(__isl_keep isl_val *v);
384	long isl_val_get_den_si(__isl_keep isl_val *v);
385	double isl_val_get_d(__isl_keep isl_val *v);
386	size_t isl_val_n_abs_num_chunks(__isl_keep isl_val *v,
387		size_t size);
388	int isl_val_get_abs_num_chunks(__isl_keep isl_val *v,
389		size_t size, void *chunks);
390
391C<isl_val_n_abs_num_chunks> returns the number of I<digits>
392of C<size> bytes needed to store the absolute value of the
393numerator of C<v>.
394C<isl_val_get_abs_num_chunks> stores these digits at C<chunks>,
395which is assumed to have been preallocated by the caller.
396The least significant digit is stored first.
397Note that C<isl_val_get_num_si>, C<isl_val_get_den_si>,
398C<isl_val_get_d>, C<isl_val_n_abs_num_chunks>
399and C<isl_val_get_abs_num_chunks> can only be applied to rational values.
400
401An C<isl_val> can be modified using the following function.
402
403	#include <isl/val.h>
404	__isl_give isl_val *isl_val_set_si(__isl_take isl_val *v,
405		long i);
406
407The following unary properties are defined on C<isl_val>s.
408
409	#include <isl/val.h>
410	int isl_val_sgn(__isl_keep isl_val *v);
411	int isl_val_is_zero(__isl_keep isl_val *v);
412	int isl_val_is_one(__isl_keep isl_val *v);
413	int isl_val_is_negone(__isl_keep isl_val *v);
414	int isl_val_is_nonneg(__isl_keep isl_val *v);
415	int isl_val_is_nonpos(__isl_keep isl_val *v);
416	int isl_val_is_pos(__isl_keep isl_val *v);
417	int isl_val_is_neg(__isl_keep isl_val *v);
418	int isl_val_is_int(__isl_keep isl_val *v);
419	int isl_val_is_rat(__isl_keep isl_val *v);
420	int isl_val_is_nan(__isl_keep isl_val *v);
421	int isl_val_is_infty(__isl_keep isl_val *v);
422	int isl_val_is_neginfty(__isl_keep isl_val *v);
423
424Note that the sign of NaN is undefined.
425
426The following binary properties are defined on pairs of C<isl_val>s.
427
428	#include <isl/val.h>
429	int isl_val_lt(__isl_keep isl_val *v1,
430		__isl_keep isl_val *v2);
431	int isl_val_le(__isl_keep isl_val *v1,
432		__isl_keep isl_val *v2);
433	int isl_val_gt(__isl_keep isl_val *v1,
434		__isl_keep isl_val *v2);
435	int isl_val_ge(__isl_keep isl_val *v1,
436		__isl_keep isl_val *v2);
437	int isl_val_eq(__isl_keep isl_val *v1,
438		__isl_keep isl_val *v2);
439	int isl_val_ne(__isl_keep isl_val *v1,
440		__isl_keep isl_val *v2);
441
442For integer C<isl_val>s we additionally have the following binary property.
443
444	#include <isl/val.h>
445	int isl_val_is_divisible_by(__isl_keep isl_val *v1,
446		__isl_keep isl_val *v2);
447
448An C<isl_val> can also be compared to an integer using the following
449function.  The result is undefined for NaN.
450
451	#include <isl/val.h>
452	int isl_val_cmp_si(__isl_keep isl_val *v, long i);
453
454The following unary operations are available on C<isl_val>s.
455
456	#include <isl/val.h>
457	__isl_give isl_val *isl_val_abs(__isl_take isl_val *v);
458	__isl_give isl_val *isl_val_neg(__isl_take isl_val *v);
459	__isl_give isl_val *isl_val_floor(__isl_take isl_val *v);
460	__isl_give isl_val *isl_val_ceil(__isl_take isl_val *v);
461	__isl_give isl_val *isl_val_trunc(__isl_take isl_val *v);
462
463The following binary operations are available on C<isl_val>s.
464
465	#include <isl/val.h>
466	__isl_give isl_val *isl_val_abs(__isl_take isl_val *v);
467	__isl_give isl_val *isl_val_neg(__isl_take isl_val *v);
468	__isl_give isl_val *isl_val_floor(__isl_take isl_val *v);
469	__isl_give isl_val *isl_val_ceil(__isl_take isl_val *v);
470	__isl_give isl_val *isl_val_trunc(__isl_take isl_val *v);
471	__isl_give isl_val *isl_val_2exp(__isl_take isl_val *v);
472	__isl_give isl_val *isl_val_min(__isl_take isl_val *v1,
473		__isl_take isl_val *v2);
474	__isl_give isl_val *isl_val_max(__isl_take isl_val *v1,
475		__isl_take isl_val *v2);
476	__isl_give isl_val *isl_val_add(__isl_take isl_val *v1,
477		__isl_take isl_val *v2);
478	__isl_give isl_val *isl_val_add_ui(__isl_take isl_val *v1,
479		unsigned long v2);
480	__isl_give isl_val *isl_val_sub(__isl_take isl_val *v1,
481		__isl_take isl_val *v2);
482	__isl_give isl_val *isl_val_sub_ui(__isl_take isl_val *v1,
483		unsigned long v2);
484	__isl_give isl_val *isl_val_mul(__isl_take isl_val *v1,
485		__isl_take isl_val *v2);
486	__isl_give isl_val *isl_val_mul_ui(__isl_take isl_val *v1,
487		unsigned long v2);
488	__isl_give isl_val *isl_val_div(__isl_take isl_val *v1,
489		__isl_take isl_val *v2);
490
491On integer values, we additionally have the following operations.
492
493	#include <isl/val.h>
494	__isl_give isl_val *isl_val_2exp(__isl_take isl_val *v);
495	__isl_give isl_val *isl_val_mod(__isl_take isl_val *v1,
496		__isl_take isl_val *v2);
497	__isl_give isl_val *isl_val_gcd(__isl_take isl_val *v1,
498		__isl_take isl_val *v2);
499	__isl_give isl_val *isl_val_gcdext(__isl_take isl_val *v1,
500		__isl_take isl_val *v2, __isl_give isl_val **x,
501		__isl_give isl_val **y);
502
503The function C<isl_val_gcdext> returns the greatest common divisor g
504of C<v1> and C<v2> as well as two integers C<*x> and C<*y> such
505that C<*x> * C<v1> + C<*y> * C<v2> = g.
506
507A value can be read from input using
508
509	#include <isl/val.h>
510	__isl_give isl_val *isl_val_read_from_str(isl_ctx *ctx,
511		const char *str);
512
513A value can be printed using
514
515	#include <isl/val.h>
516	__isl_give isl_printer *isl_printer_print_val(
517		__isl_take isl_printer *p, __isl_keep isl_val *v);
518
519=head3 GMP specific functions
520
521These functions are only available if C<isl> has been compiled with C<GMP>
522support.
523
524Specific integer and rational values can be created from C<GMP> values using
525the following functions.
526
527	#include <isl/val_gmp.h>
528	__isl_give isl_val *isl_val_int_from_gmp(isl_ctx *ctx,
529		mpz_t z);
530	__isl_give isl_val *isl_val_from_gmp(isl_ctx *ctx,
531		const mpz_t n, const mpz_t d);
532
533The numerator and denominator of a rational value can be extracted as
534C<GMP> values using the following functions.
535
536	#include <isl/val_gmp.h>
537	int isl_val_get_num_gmp(__isl_keep isl_val *v, mpz_t z);
538	int isl_val_get_den_gmp(__isl_keep isl_val *v, mpz_t z);
539
540=head3 Conversion from C<isl_int>
541
542The following functions are only temporarily available to ease
543the transition from C<isl_int> to C<isl_val>.  They will be removed
544in the next release.
545
546	#include <isl/val_int.h>
547	__isl_give isl_val *isl_val_int_from_isl_int(isl_ctx *ctx,
548		isl_int n);
549	int isl_val_get_num_isl_int(__isl_keep isl_val *v,
550		isl_int *n);
551
552=head2 Integers (obsolescent)
553
554In previous versions of C<isl>, integers were represented
555in the external interface using the C<isl_int> type.
556This type has now been superseded by C<isl_val>.
557The C<isl_int> type will be removed from the external interface
558in future releases.  New code should not use C<isl_int>.
559
560The operations below are currently available on C<isl_int>s.
561The meanings of these operations are essentially the same
562as their C<GMP> C<mpz_> counterparts.
563As always with C<GMP> types, C<isl_int>s need to be
564initialized with C<isl_int_init> before they can be used
565and they need to be released with C<isl_int_clear>
566after the last use.
567The user should not assume that an C<isl_int> is represented
568as a C<mpz_t>, but should instead explicitly convert between
569C<mpz_t>s and C<isl_int>s using C<isl_int_set_gmp> and
570C<isl_int_get_gmp> whenever a C<mpz_t> is required.
571
572=over
573
574=item isl_int_init(i)
575
576=item isl_int_clear(i)
577
578=item isl_int_set(r,i)
579
580=item isl_int_set_si(r,i)
581
582=item isl_int_set_gmp(r,g)
583
584=item isl_int_get_gmp(i,g)
585
586=item isl_int_abs(r,i)
587
588=item isl_int_neg(r,i)
589
590=item isl_int_swap(i,j)
591
592=item isl_int_swap_or_set(i,j)
593
594=item isl_int_add_ui(r,i,j)
595
596=item isl_int_sub_ui(r,i,j)
597
598=item isl_int_add(r,i,j)
599
600=item isl_int_sub(r,i,j)
601
602=item isl_int_mul(r,i,j)
603
604=item isl_int_mul_ui(r,i,j)
605
606=item isl_int_addmul(r,i,j)
607
608=item isl_int_submul(r,i,j)
609
610=item isl_int_gcd(r,i,j)
611
612=item isl_int_lcm(r,i,j)
613
614=item isl_int_divexact(r,i,j)
615
616=item isl_int_cdiv_q(r,i,j)
617
618=item isl_int_fdiv_q(r,i,j)
619
620=item isl_int_fdiv_r(r,i,j)
621
622=item isl_int_fdiv_q_ui(r,i,j)
623
624=item isl_int_read(r,s)
625
626=item isl_int_print(out,i,width)
627
628=item isl_int_sgn(i)
629
630=item isl_int_cmp(i,j)
631
632=item isl_int_cmp_si(i,si)
633
634=item isl_int_eq(i,j)
635
636=item isl_int_ne(i,j)
637
638=item isl_int_lt(i,j)
639
640=item isl_int_le(i,j)
641
642=item isl_int_gt(i,j)
643
644=item isl_int_ge(i,j)
645
646=item isl_int_abs_eq(i,j)
647
648=item isl_int_abs_ne(i,j)
649
650=item isl_int_abs_lt(i,j)
651
652=item isl_int_abs_gt(i,j)
653
654=item isl_int_abs_ge(i,j)
655
656=item isl_int_is_zero(i)
657
658=item isl_int_is_one(i)
659
660=item isl_int_is_negone(i)
661
662=item isl_int_is_pos(i)
663
664=item isl_int_is_neg(i)
665
666=item isl_int_is_nonpos(i)
667
668=item isl_int_is_nonneg(i)
669
670=item isl_int_is_divisible_by(i,j)
671
672=back
673
674=head2 Sets and Relations
675
676C<isl> uses six types of objects for representing sets and relations,
677C<isl_basic_set>, C<isl_basic_map>, C<isl_set>, C<isl_map>,
678C<isl_union_set> and C<isl_union_map>.
679C<isl_basic_set> and C<isl_basic_map> represent sets and relations that
680can be described as a conjunction of affine constraints, while
681C<isl_set> and C<isl_map> represent unions of
682C<isl_basic_set>s and C<isl_basic_map>s, respectively.
683However, all C<isl_basic_set>s or C<isl_basic_map>s in the union need
684to live in the same space.  C<isl_union_set>s and C<isl_union_map>s
685represent unions of C<isl_set>s or C<isl_map>s in I<different> spaces,
686where spaces are considered different if they have a different number
687of dimensions and/or different names (see L<"Spaces">).
688The difference between sets and relations (maps) is that sets have
689one set of variables, while relations have two sets of variables,
690input variables and output variables.
691
692=head2 Memory Management
693
694Since a high-level operation on sets and/or relations usually involves
695several substeps and since the user is usually not interested in
696the intermediate results, most functions that return a new object
697will also release all the objects passed as arguments.
698If the user still wants to use one or more of these arguments
699after the function call, she should pass along a copy of the
700object rather than the object itself.
701The user is then responsible for making sure that the original
702object gets used somewhere else or is explicitly freed.
703
704The arguments and return values of all documented functions are
705annotated to make clear which arguments are released and which
706arguments are preserved.  In particular, the following annotations
707are used
708
709=over
710
711=item C<__isl_give>
712
713C<__isl_give> means that a new object is returned.
714The user should make sure that the returned pointer is
715used exactly once as a value for an C<__isl_take> argument.
716In between, it can be used as a value for as many
717C<__isl_keep> arguments as the user likes.
718There is one exception, and that is the case where the
719pointer returned is C<NULL>.  Is this case, the user
720is free to use it as an C<__isl_take> argument or not.
721
722=item C<__isl_take>
723
724C<__isl_take> means that the object the argument points to
725is taken over by the function and may no longer be used
726by the user as an argument to any other function.
727The pointer value must be one returned by a function
728returning an C<__isl_give> pointer.
729If the user passes in a C<NULL> value, then this will
730be treated as an error in the sense that the function will
731not perform its usual operation.  However, it will still
732make sure that all the other C<__isl_take> arguments
733are released.
734
735=item C<__isl_keep>
736
737C<__isl_keep> means that the function will only use the object
738temporarily.  After the function has finished, the user
739can still use it as an argument to other functions.
740A C<NULL> value will be treated in the same way as
741a C<NULL> value for an C<__isl_take> argument.
742
743=back
744
745=head2 Error Handling
746
747C<isl> supports different ways to react in case a runtime error is triggered.
748Runtime errors arise, e.g., if a function such as C<isl_map_intersect> is called
749with two maps that have incompatible spaces. There are three possible ways
750to react on error: to warn, to continue or to abort.
751
752The default behavior is to warn. In this mode, C<isl> prints a warning, stores
753the last error in the corresponding C<isl_ctx> and the function in which the
754error was triggered returns C<NULL>. An error does not corrupt internal state,
755such that isl can continue to be used. C<isl> also provides functions to
756read the last error and to reset the memory that stores the last error. The
757last error is only stored for information purposes. Its presence does not
758change the behavior of C<isl>. Hence, resetting an error is not required to
759continue to use isl, but only to observe new errors.
760
761	#include <isl/ctx.h>
762	enum isl_error isl_ctx_last_error(isl_ctx *ctx);
763	void isl_ctx_reset_error(isl_ctx *ctx);
764
765Another option is to continue on error. This is similar to warn on error mode,
766except that C<isl> does not print any warning. This allows a program to
767implement its own error reporting.
768
769The last option is to directly abort the execution of the program from within
770the isl library. This makes it obviously impossible to recover from an error,
771but it allows to directly spot the error location. By aborting on error,
772debuggers break at the location the error occurred and can provide a stack
773trace. Other tools that automatically provide stack traces on abort or that do
774not want to continue execution after an error was triggered may also prefer to
775abort on error.
776
777The on error behavior of isl can be specified by calling
778C<isl_options_set_on_error> or by setting the command line option
779C<--isl-on-error>. Valid arguments for the function call are
780C<ISL_ON_ERROR_WARN>, C<ISL_ON_ERROR_CONTINUE> and C<ISL_ON_ERROR_ABORT>. The
781choices for the command line option are C<warn>, C<continue> and C<abort>.
782It is also possible to query the current error mode.
783
784	#include <isl/options.h>
785	int isl_options_set_on_error(isl_ctx *ctx, int val);
786	int isl_options_get_on_error(isl_ctx *ctx);
787
788=head2 Identifiers
789
790Identifiers are used to identify both individual dimensions
791and tuples of dimensions.  They consist of an optional name and an optional
792user pointer.  The name and the user pointer cannot both be C<NULL>, however.
793Identifiers with the same name but different pointer values
794are considered to be distinct.
795Similarly, identifiers with different names but the same pointer value
796are also considered to be distinct.
797Equal identifiers are represented using the same object.
798Pairs of identifiers can therefore be tested for equality using the
799C<==> operator.
800Identifiers can be constructed, copied, freed, inspected and printed
801using the following functions.
802
803	#include <isl/id.h>
804	__isl_give isl_id *isl_id_alloc(isl_ctx *ctx,
805		__isl_keep const char *name, void *user);
806	__isl_give isl_id *isl_id_set_free_user(
807		__isl_take isl_id *id,
808		__isl_give void (*free_user)(void *user));
809	__isl_give isl_id *isl_id_copy(isl_id *id);
810	void *isl_id_free(__isl_take isl_id *id);
811
812	isl_ctx *isl_id_get_ctx(__isl_keep isl_id *id);
813	void *isl_id_get_user(__isl_keep isl_id *id);
814	__isl_keep const char *isl_id_get_name(__isl_keep isl_id *id);
815
816	__isl_give isl_printer *isl_printer_print_id(
817		__isl_take isl_printer *p, __isl_keep isl_id *id);
818
819The callback set by C<isl_id_set_free_user> is called on the user
820pointer when the last reference to the C<isl_id> is freed.
821Note that C<isl_id_get_name> returns a pointer to some internal
822data structure, so the result can only be used while the
823corresponding C<isl_id> is alive.
824
825=head2 Spaces
826
827Whenever a new set, relation or similiar object is created from scratch,
828the space in which it lives needs to be specified using an C<isl_space>.
829Each space involves zero or more parameters and zero, one or two
830tuples of set or input/output dimensions.  The parameters and dimensions
831are identified by an C<isl_dim_type> and a position.
832The type C<isl_dim_param> refers to parameters,
833the type C<isl_dim_set> refers to set dimensions (for spaces
834with a single tuple of dimensions) and the types C<isl_dim_in>
835and C<isl_dim_out> refer to input and output dimensions
836(for spaces with two tuples of dimensions).
837Local spaces (see L</"Local Spaces">) also contain dimensions
838of type C<isl_dim_div>.
839Note that parameters are only identified by their position within
840a given object.  Across different objects, parameters are (usually)
841identified by their names or identifiers.  Only unnamed parameters
842are identified by their positions across objects.  The use of unnamed
843parameters is discouraged.
844
845	#include <isl/space.h>
846	__isl_give isl_space *isl_space_alloc(isl_ctx *ctx,
847		unsigned nparam, unsigned n_in, unsigned n_out);
848	__isl_give isl_space *isl_space_params_alloc(isl_ctx *ctx,
849		unsigned nparam);
850	__isl_give isl_space *isl_space_set_alloc(isl_ctx *ctx,
851		unsigned nparam, unsigned dim);
852	__isl_give isl_space *isl_space_copy(__isl_keep isl_space *space);
853	void *isl_space_free(__isl_take isl_space *space);
854	unsigned isl_space_dim(__isl_keep isl_space *space,
855		enum isl_dim_type type);
856
857The space used for creating a parameter domain
858needs to be created using C<isl_space_params_alloc>.
859For other sets, the space
860needs to be created using C<isl_space_set_alloc>, while
861for a relation, the space
862needs to be created using C<isl_space_alloc>.
863C<isl_space_dim> can be used
864to find out the number of dimensions of each type in
865a space, where type may be
866C<isl_dim_param>, C<isl_dim_in> (only for relations),
867C<isl_dim_out> (only for relations), C<isl_dim_set>
868(only for sets) or C<isl_dim_all>.
869
870To check whether a given space is that of a set or a map
871or whether it is a parameter space, use these functions:
872
873	#include <isl/space.h>
874	int isl_space_is_params(__isl_keep isl_space *space);
875	int isl_space_is_set(__isl_keep isl_space *space);
876	int isl_space_is_map(__isl_keep isl_space *space);
877
878Spaces can be compared using the following functions:
879
880	#include <isl/space.h>
881	int isl_space_is_equal(__isl_keep isl_space *space1,
882		__isl_keep isl_space *space2);
883	int isl_space_is_domain(__isl_keep isl_space *space1,
884		__isl_keep isl_space *space2);
885	int isl_space_is_range(__isl_keep isl_space *space1,
886		__isl_keep isl_space *space2);
887
888C<isl_space_is_domain> checks whether the first argument is equal
889to the domain of the second argument.  This requires in particular that
890the first argument is a set space and that the second argument
891is a map space.
892
893It is often useful to create objects that live in the
894same space as some other object.  This can be accomplished
895by creating the new objects
896(see L<Creating New Sets and Relations> or
897L<Creating New (Piecewise) Quasipolynomials>) based on the space
898of the original object.
899
900	#include <isl/set.h>
901	__isl_give isl_space *isl_basic_set_get_space(
902		__isl_keep isl_basic_set *bset);
903	__isl_give isl_space *isl_set_get_space(__isl_keep isl_set *set);
904
905	#include <isl/union_set.h>
906	__isl_give isl_space *isl_union_set_get_space(
907		__isl_keep isl_union_set *uset);
908
909	#include <isl/map.h>
910	__isl_give isl_space *isl_basic_map_get_space(
911		__isl_keep isl_basic_map *bmap);
912	__isl_give isl_space *isl_map_get_space(__isl_keep isl_map *map);
913
914	#include <isl/union_map.h>
915	__isl_give isl_space *isl_union_map_get_space(
916		__isl_keep isl_union_map *umap);
917
918	#include <isl/constraint.h>
919	__isl_give isl_space *isl_constraint_get_space(
920		__isl_keep isl_constraint *constraint);
921
922	#include <isl/polynomial.h>
923	__isl_give isl_space *isl_qpolynomial_get_domain_space(
924		__isl_keep isl_qpolynomial *qp);
925	__isl_give isl_space *isl_qpolynomial_get_space(
926		__isl_keep isl_qpolynomial *qp);
927	__isl_give isl_space *isl_qpolynomial_fold_get_space(
928		__isl_keep isl_qpolynomial_fold *fold);
929	__isl_give isl_space *isl_pw_qpolynomial_get_domain_space(
930		__isl_keep isl_pw_qpolynomial *pwqp);
931	__isl_give isl_space *isl_pw_qpolynomial_get_space(
932		__isl_keep isl_pw_qpolynomial *pwqp);
933	__isl_give isl_space *isl_pw_qpolynomial_fold_get_domain_space(
934		__isl_keep isl_pw_qpolynomial_fold *pwf);
935	__isl_give isl_space *isl_pw_qpolynomial_fold_get_space(
936		__isl_keep isl_pw_qpolynomial_fold *pwf);
937	__isl_give isl_space *isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_get_space(
938		__isl_keep isl_union_pw_qpolynomial *upwqp);
939	__isl_give isl_space *isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_fold_get_space(
940		__isl_keep isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_fold *upwf);
941
942	#include <isl/val.h>
943	__isl_give isl_space *isl_multi_val_get_space(
944		__isl_keep isl_multi_val *mv);
945
946	#include <isl/aff.h>
947	__isl_give isl_space *isl_aff_get_domain_space(
948		__isl_keep isl_aff *aff);
949	__isl_give isl_space *isl_aff_get_space(
950		__isl_keep isl_aff *aff);
951	__isl_give isl_space *isl_pw_aff_get_domain_space(
952		__isl_keep isl_pw_aff *pwaff);
953	__isl_give isl_space *isl_pw_aff_get_space(
954		__isl_keep isl_pw_aff *pwaff);
955	__isl_give isl_space *isl_multi_aff_get_domain_space(
956		__isl_keep isl_multi_aff *maff);
957	__isl_give isl_space *isl_multi_aff_get_space(
958		__isl_keep isl_multi_aff *maff);
959	__isl_give isl_space *isl_pw_multi_aff_get_domain_space(
960		__isl_keep isl_pw_multi_aff *pma);
961	__isl_give isl_space *isl_pw_multi_aff_get_space(
962		__isl_keep isl_pw_multi_aff *pma);
963	__isl_give isl_space *isl_union_pw_multi_aff_get_space(
964		__isl_keep isl_union_pw_multi_aff *upma);
965	__isl_give isl_space *isl_multi_pw_aff_get_domain_space(
966		__isl_keep isl_multi_pw_aff *mpa);
967	__isl_give isl_space *isl_multi_pw_aff_get_space(
968		__isl_keep isl_multi_pw_aff *mpa);
969
970	#include <isl/point.h>
971	__isl_give isl_space *isl_point_get_space(
972		__isl_keep isl_point *pnt);
973
974The identifiers or names of the individual dimensions may be set or read off
975using the following functions.
976
977	#include <isl/space.h>
978	__isl_give isl_space *isl_space_set_dim_id(
979		__isl_take isl_space *space,
980		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos,
981		__isl_take isl_id *id);
982	int isl_space_has_dim_id(__isl_keep isl_space *space,
983		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos);
984	__isl_give isl_id *isl_space_get_dim_id(
985		__isl_keep isl_space *space,
986		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos);
987	__isl_give isl_space *isl_space_set_dim_name(
988		__isl_take isl_space *space,
989		 enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos,
990		 __isl_keep const char *name);
991	int isl_space_has_dim_name(__isl_keep isl_space *space,
992		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos);
993	__isl_keep const char *isl_space_get_dim_name(
994		__isl_keep isl_space *space,
995		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos);
996
997Note that C<isl_space_get_name> returns a pointer to some internal
998data structure, so the result can only be used while the
999corresponding C<isl_space> is alive.
1000Also note that every function that operates on two sets or relations
1001requires that both arguments have the same parameters.  This also
1002means that if one of the arguments has named parameters, then the
1003other needs to have named parameters too and the names need to match.
1004Pairs of C<isl_set>, C<isl_map>, C<isl_union_set> and/or C<isl_union_map>
1005arguments may have different parameters (as long as they are named),
1006in which case the result will have as parameters the union of the parameters of
1007the arguments.
1008
1009Given the identifier or name of a dimension (typically a parameter),
1010its position can be obtained from the following function.
1011
1012	#include <isl/space.h>
1013	int isl_space_find_dim_by_id(__isl_keep isl_space *space,
1014		enum isl_dim_type type, __isl_keep isl_id *id);
1015	int isl_space_find_dim_by_name(__isl_keep isl_space *space,
1016		enum isl_dim_type type, const char *name);
1017
1018The identifiers or names of entire spaces may be set or read off
1019using the following functions.
1020
1021	#include <isl/space.h>
1022	__isl_give isl_space *isl_space_set_tuple_id(
1023		__isl_take isl_space *space,
1024		enum isl_dim_type type, __isl_take isl_id *id);
1025	__isl_give isl_space *isl_space_reset_tuple_id(
1026		__isl_take isl_space *space, enum isl_dim_type type);
1027	int isl_space_has_tuple_id(__isl_keep isl_space *space,
1028		enum isl_dim_type type);
1029	__isl_give isl_id *isl_space_get_tuple_id(
1030		__isl_keep isl_space *space, enum isl_dim_type type);
1031	__isl_give isl_space *isl_space_set_tuple_name(
1032		__isl_take isl_space *space,
1033		enum isl_dim_type type, const char *s);
1034	int isl_space_has_tuple_name(__isl_keep isl_space *space,
1035		enum isl_dim_type type);
1036	const char *isl_space_get_tuple_name(__isl_keep isl_space *space,
1037		enum isl_dim_type type);
1038
1039The C<type> argument needs to be one of C<isl_dim_in>, C<isl_dim_out>
1040or C<isl_dim_set>.  As with C<isl_space_get_name>,
1041the C<isl_space_get_tuple_name> function returns a pointer to some internal
1042data structure.
1043Binary operations require the corresponding spaces of their arguments
1044to have the same name.
1045
1046Spaces can be nested.  In particular, the domain of a set or
1047the domain or range of a relation can be a nested relation.
1048The following functions can be used to construct and deconstruct
1049such nested spaces.
1050
1051	#include <isl/space.h>
1052	int isl_space_is_wrapping(__isl_keep isl_space *space);
1053	__isl_give isl_space *isl_space_wrap(__isl_take isl_space *space);
1054	__isl_give isl_space *isl_space_unwrap(__isl_take isl_space *space);
1055
1056The input to C<isl_space_is_wrapping> and C<isl_space_unwrap> should
1057be the space of a set, while that of
1058C<isl_space_wrap> should be the space of a relation.
1059Conversely, the output of C<isl_space_unwrap> is the space
1060of a relation, while that of C<isl_space_wrap> is the space of a set.
1061
1062Spaces can be created from other spaces
1063using the following functions.
1064
1065	__isl_give isl_space *isl_space_domain(__isl_take isl_space *space);
1066	__isl_give isl_space *isl_space_from_domain(__isl_take isl_space *space);
1067	__isl_give isl_space *isl_space_range(__isl_take isl_space *space);
1068	__isl_give isl_space *isl_space_from_range(__isl_take isl_space *space);
1069	__isl_give isl_space *isl_space_params(
1070		__isl_take isl_space *space);
1071	__isl_give isl_space *isl_space_set_from_params(
1072		__isl_take isl_space *space);
1073	__isl_give isl_space *isl_space_reverse(__isl_take isl_space *space);
1074	__isl_give isl_space *isl_space_join(__isl_take isl_space *left,
1075		__isl_take isl_space *right);
1076	__isl_give isl_space *isl_space_align_params(
1077		__isl_take isl_space *space1, __isl_take isl_space *space2)
1078	__isl_give isl_space *isl_space_insert_dims(__isl_take isl_space *space,
1079		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos, unsigned n);
1080	__isl_give isl_space *isl_space_add_dims(__isl_take isl_space *space,
1081		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned n);
1082	__isl_give isl_space *isl_space_drop_dims(__isl_take isl_space *space,
1083		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned first, unsigned n);
1084	__isl_give isl_space *isl_space_move_dims(__isl_take isl_space *space,
1085		enum isl_dim_type dst_type, unsigned dst_pos,
1086		enum isl_dim_type src_type, unsigned src_pos,
1087		unsigned n);
1088	__isl_give isl_space *isl_space_map_from_set(
1089		__isl_take isl_space *space);
1090	__isl_give isl_space *isl_space_map_from_domain_and_range(
1091		__isl_take isl_space *domain,
1092		__isl_take isl_space *range);
1093	__isl_give isl_space *isl_space_zip(__isl_take isl_space *space);
1094	__isl_give isl_space *isl_space_curry(
1095		__isl_take isl_space *space);
1096	__isl_give isl_space *isl_space_uncurry(
1097		__isl_take isl_space *space);
1098
1099Note that if dimensions are added or removed from a space, then
1100the name and the internal structure are lost.
1101
1102=head2 Local Spaces
1103
1104A local space is essentially a space with
1105zero or more existentially quantified variables.
1106The local space of a (constraint of a) basic set or relation can be obtained
1107using the following functions.
1108
1109	#include <isl/constraint.h>
1110	__isl_give isl_local_space *isl_constraint_get_local_space(
1111		__isl_keep isl_constraint *constraint);
1112
1113	#include <isl/set.h>
1114	__isl_give isl_local_space *isl_basic_set_get_local_space(
1115		__isl_keep isl_basic_set *bset);
1116
1117	#include <isl/map.h>
1118	__isl_give isl_local_space *isl_basic_map_get_local_space(
1119		__isl_keep isl_basic_map *bmap);
1120
1121A new local space can be created from a space using
1122
1123	#include <isl/local_space.h>
1124	__isl_give isl_local_space *isl_local_space_from_space(
1125		__isl_take isl_space *space);
1126
1127They can be inspected, modified, copied and freed using the following functions.
1128
1129	#include <isl/local_space.h>
1130	isl_ctx *isl_local_space_get_ctx(
1131		__isl_keep isl_local_space *ls);
1132	int isl_local_space_is_set(__isl_keep isl_local_space *ls);
1133	int isl_local_space_dim(__isl_keep isl_local_space *ls,
1134		enum isl_dim_type type);
1135	int isl_local_space_has_dim_id(
1136		__isl_keep isl_local_space *ls,
1137		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos);
1138	__isl_give isl_id *isl_local_space_get_dim_id(
1139		__isl_keep isl_local_space *ls,
1140		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos);
1141	int isl_local_space_has_dim_name(
1142		__isl_keep isl_local_space *ls,
1143		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos)
1144	const char *isl_local_space_get_dim_name(
1145		__isl_keep isl_local_space *ls,
1146		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos);
1147	__isl_give isl_local_space *isl_local_space_set_dim_name(
1148		__isl_take isl_local_space *ls,
1149		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos, const char *s);
1150	__isl_give isl_local_space *isl_local_space_set_dim_id(
1151		__isl_take isl_local_space *ls,
1152		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos,
1153		__isl_take isl_id *id);
1154	__isl_give isl_space *isl_local_space_get_space(
1155		__isl_keep isl_local_space *ls);
1156	__isl_give isl_aff *isl_local_space_get_div(
1157		__isl_keep isl_local_space *ls, int pos);
1158	__isl_give isl_local_space *isl_local_space_copy(
1159		__isl_keep isl_local_space *ls);
1160	void *isl_local_space_free(__isl_take isl_local_space *ls);
1161
1162Note that C<isl_local_space_get_div> can only be used on local spaces
1163of sets.
1164
1165Two local spaces can be compared using
1166
1167	int isl_local_space_is_equal(__isl_keep isl_local_space *ls1,
1168		__isl_keep isl_local_space *ls2);
1169
1170Local spaces can be created from other local spaces
1171using the following functions.
1172
1173	__isl_give isl_local_space *isl_local_space_domain(
1174		__isl_take isl_local_space *ls);
1175	__isl_give isl_local_space *isl_local_space_range(
1176		__isl_take isl_local_space *ls);
1177	__isl_give isl_local_space *isl_local_space_from_domain(
1178		__isl_take isl_local_space *ls);
1179	__isl_give isl_local_space *isl_local_space_intersect(
1180		__isl_take isl_local_space *ls1,
1181		__isl_take isl_local_space *ls2);
1182	__isl_give isl_local_space *isl_local_space_add_dims(
1183		__isl_take isl_local_space *ls,
1184		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned n);
1185	__isl_give isl_local_space *isl_local_space_insert_dims(
1186		__isl_take isl_local_space *ls,
1187		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned first, unsigned n);
1188	__isl_give isl_local_space *isl_local_space_drop_dims(
1189		__isl_take isl_local_space *ls,
1190		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned first, unsigned n);
1191
1192=head2 Input and Output
1193
1194C<isl> supports its own input/output format, which is similar
1195to the C<Omega> format, but also supports the C<PolyLib> format
1196in some cases.
1197
1198=head3 C<isl> format
1199
1200The C<isl> format is similar to that of C<Omega>, but has a different
1201syntax for describing the parameters and allows for the definition
1202of an existentially quantified variable as the integer division
1203of an affine expression.
1204For example, the set of integers C<i> between C<0> and C<n>
1205such that C<i % 10 <= 6> can be described as
1206
1207	[n] -> { [i] : exists (a = [i/10] : 0 <= i and i <= n and
1208				i - 10 a <= 6) }
1209
1210A set or relation can have several disjuncts, separated
1211by the keyword C<or>.  Each disjunct is either a conjunction
1212of constraints or a projection (C<exists>) of a conjunction
1213of constraints.  The constraints are separated by the keyword
1214C<and>.
1215
1216=head3 C<PolyLib> format
1217
1218If the represented set is a union, then the first line
1219contains a single number representing the number of disjuncts.
1220Otherwise, a line containing the number C<1> is optional.
1221
1222Each disjunct is represented by a matrix of constraints.
1223The first line contains two numbers representing
1224the number of rows and columns,
1225where the number of rows is equal to the number of constraints
1226and the number of columns is equal to two plus the number of variables.
1227The following lines contain the actual rows of the constraint matrix.
1228In each row, the first column indicates whether the constraint
1229is an equality (C<0>) or inequality (C<1>).  The final column
1230corresponds to the constant term.
1231
1232If the set is parametric, then the coefficients of the parameters
1233appear in the last columns before the constant column.
1234The coefficients of any existentially quantified variables appear
1235between those of the set variables and those of the parameters.
1236
1237=head3 Extended C<PolyLib> format
1238
1239The extended C<PolyLib> format is nearly identical to the
1240C<PolyLib> format.  The only difference is that the line
1241containing the number of rows and columns of a constraint matrix
1242also contains four additional numbers:
1243the number of output dimensions, the number of input dimensions,
1244the number of local dimensions (i.e., the number of existentially
1245quantified variables) and the number of parameters.
1246For sets, the number of ``output'' dimensions is equal
1247to the number of set dimensions, while the number of ``input''
1248dimensions is zero.
1249
1250=head3 Input
1251
1252	#include <isl/set.h>
1253	__isl_give isl_basic_set *isl_basic_set_read_from_file(
1254		isl_ctx *ctx, FILE *input);
1255	__isl_give isl_basic_set *isl_basic_set_read_from_str(
1256		isl_ctx *ctx, const char *str);
1257	__isl_give isl_set *isl_set_read_from_file(isl_ctx *ctx,
1258		FILE *input);
1259	__isl_give isl_set *isl_set_read_from_str(isl_ctx *ctx,
1260		const char *str);
1261
1262	#include <isl/map.h>
1263	__isl_give isl_basic_map *isl_basic_map_read_from_file(
1264		isl_ctx *ctx, FILE *input);
1265	__isl_give isl_basic_map *isl_basic_map_read_from_str(
1266		isl_ctx *ctx, const char *str);
1267	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_read_from_file(
1268		isl_ctx *ctx, FILE *input);
1269	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_read_from_str(isl_ctx *ctx,
1270		const char *str);
1271
1272	#include <isl/union_set.h>
1273	__isl_give isl_union_set *isl_union_set_read_from_file(
1274		isl_ctx *ctx, FILE *input);
1275	__isl_give isl_union_set *isl_union_set_read_from_str(
1276		isl_ctx *ctx, const char *str);
1277
1278	#include <isl/union_map.h>
1279	__isl_give isl_union_map *isl_union_map_read_from_file(
1280		isl_ctx *ctx, FILE *input);
1281	__isl_give isl_union_map *isl_union_map_read_from_str(
1282		isl_ctx *ctx, const char *str);
1283
1284The input format is autodetected and may be either the C<PolyLib> format
1285or the C<isl> format.
1286
1287=head3 Output
1288
1289Before anything can be printed, an C<isl_printer> needs to
1290be created.
1291
1292	__isl_give isl_printer *isl_printer_to_file(isl_ctx *ctx,
1293		FILE *file);
1294	__isl_give isl_printer *isl_printer_to_str(isl_ctx *ctx);
1295	void *isl_printer_free(__isl_take isl_printer *printer);
1296	__isl_give char *isl_printer_get_str(
1297		__isl_keep isl_printer *printer);
1298
1299The printer can be inspected using the following functions.
1300
1301	FILE *isl_printer_get_file(
1302		__isl_keep isl_printer *printer);
1303	int isl_printer_get_output_format(
1304		__isl_keep isl_printer *p);
1305
1306The behavior of the printer can be modified in various ways
1307
1308	__isl_give isl_printer *isl_printer_set_output_format(
1309		__isl_take isl_printer *p, int output_format);
1310	__isl_give isl_printer *isl_printer_set_indent(
1311		__isl_take isl_printer *p, int indent);
1312	__isl_give isl_printer *isl_printer_indent(
1313		__isl_take isl_printer *p, int indent);
1314	__isl_give isl_printer *isl_printer_set_prefix(
1315		__isl_take isl_printer *p, const char *prefix);
1316	__isl_give isl_printer *isl_printer_set_suffix(
1317		__isl_take isl_printer *p, const char *suffix);
1318
1319The C<output_format> may be either C<ISL_FORMAT_ISL>, C<ISL_FORMAT_OMEGA>,
1320C<ISL_FORMAT_POLYLIB>, C<ISL_FORMAT_EXT_POLYLIB> or C<ISL_FORMAT_LATEX>
1321and defaults to C<ISL_FORMAT_ISL>.
1322Each line in the output is indented by C<indent> (set by
1323C<isl_printer_set_indent>) spaces
1324(default: 0), prefixed by C<prefix> and suffixed by C<suffix>.
1325In the C<PolyLib> format output,
1326the coefficients of the existentially quantified variables
1327appear between those of the set variables and those
1328of the parameters.
1329The function C<isl_printer_indent> increases the indentation
1330by the specified amount (which may be negative).
1331
1332To actually print something, use
1333
1334	#include <isl/printer.h>
1335	__isl_give isl_printer *isl_printer_print_double(
1336		__isl_take isl_printer *p, double d);
1337
1338	#include <isl/set.h>
1339	__isl_give isl_printer *isl_printer_print_basic_set(
1340		__isl_take isl_printer *printer,
1341		__isl_keep isl_basic_set *bset);
1342	__isl_give isl_printer *isl_printer_print_set(
1343		__isl_take isl_printer *printer,
1344		__isl_keep isl_set *set);
1345
1346	#include <isl/map.h>
1347	__isl_give isl_printer *isl_printer_print_basic_map(
1348		__isl_take isl_printer *printer,
1349		__isl_keep isl_basic_map *bmap);
1350	__isl_give isl_printer *isl_printer_print_map(
1351		__isl_take isl_printer *printer,
1352		__isl_keep isl_map *map);
1353
1354	#include <isl/union_set.h>
1355	__isl_give isl_printer *isl_printer_print_union_set(
1356		__isl_take isl_printer *p,
1357		__isl_keep isl_union_set *uset);
1358
1359	#include <isl/union_map.h>
1360	__isl_give isl_printer *isl_printer_print_union_map(
1361		__isl_take isl_printer *p,
1362		__isl_keep isl_union_map *umap);
1363
1364When called on a file printer, the following function flushes
1365the file.  When called on a string printer, the buffer is cleared.
1366
1367	__isl_give isl_printer *isl_printer_flush(
1368		__isl_take isl_printer *p);
1369
1370=head2 Creating New Sets and Relations
1371
1372C<isl> has functions for creating some standard sets and relations.
1373
1374=over
1375
1376=item * Empty sets and relations
1377
1378	__isl_give isl_basic_set *isl_basic_set_empty(
1379		__isl_take isl_space *space);
1380	__isl_give isl_basic_map *isl_basic_map_empty(
1381		__isl_take isl_space *space);
1382	__isl_give isl_set *isl_set_empty(
1383		__isl_take isl_space *space);
1384	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_empty(
1385		__isl_take isl_space *space);
1386	__isl_give isl_union_set *isl_union_set_empty(
1387		__isl_take isl_space *space);
1388	__isl_give isl_union_map *isl_union_map_empty(
1389		__isl_take isl_space *space);
1390
1391For C<isl_union_set>s and C<isl_union_map>s, the space
1392is only used to specify the parameters.
1393
1394=item * Universe sets and relations
1395
1396	__isl_give isl_basic_set *isl_basic_set_universe(
1397		__isl_take isl_space *space);
1398	__isl_give isl_basic_map *isl_basic_map_universe(
1399		__isl_take isl_space *space);
1400	__isl_give isl_set *isl_set_universe(
1401		__isl_take isl_space *space);
1402	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_universe(
1403		__isl_take isl_space *space);
1404	__isl_give isl_union_set *isl_union_set_universe(
1405		__isl_take isl_union_set *uset);
1406	__isl_give isl_union_map *isl_union_map_universe(
1407		__isl_take isl_union_map *umap);
1408
1409The sets and relations constructed by the functions above
1410contain all integer values, while those constructed by the
1411functions below only contain non-negative values.
1412
1413	__isl_give isl_basic_set *isl_basic_set_nat_universe(
1414		__isl_take isl_space *space);
1415	__isl_give isl_basic_map *isl_basic_map_nat_universe(
1416		__isl_take isl_space *space);
1417	__isl_give isl_set *isl_set_nat_universe(
1418		__isl_take isl_space *space);
1419	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_nat_universe(
1420		__isl_take isl_space *space);
1421
1422=item * Identity relations
1423
1424	__isl_give isl_basic_map *isl_basic_map_identity(
1425		__isl_take isl_space *space);
1426	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_identity(
1427		__isl_take isl_space *space);
1428
1429The number of input and output dimensions in C<space> needs
1430to be the same.
1431
1432=item * Lexicographic order
1433
1434	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_lex_lt(
1435		__isl_take isl_space *set_space);
1436	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_lex_le(
1437		__isl_take isl_space *set_space);
1438	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_lex_gt(
1439		__isl_take isl_space *set_space);
1440	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_lex_ge(
1441		__isl_take isl_space *set_space);
1442	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_lex_lt_first(
1443		__isl_take isl_space *space, unsigned n);
1444	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_lex_le_first(
1445		__isl_take isl_space *space, unsigned n);
1446	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_lex_gt_first(
1447		__isl_take isl_space *space, unsigned n);
1448	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_lex_ge_first(
1449		__isl_take isl_space *space, unsigned n);
1450
1451The first four functions take a space for a B<set>
1452and return relations that express that the elements in the domain
1453are lexicographically less
1454(C<isl_map_lex_lt>), less or equal (C<isl_map_lex_le>),
1455greater (C<isl_map_lex_gt>) or greater or equal (C<isl_map_lex_ge>)
1456than the elements in the range.
1457The last four functions take a space for a map
1458and return relations that express that the first C<n> dimensions
1459in the domain are lexicographically less
1460(C<isl_map_lex_lt_first>), less or equal (C<isl_map_lex_le_first>),
1461greater (C<isl_map_lex_gt_first>) or greater or equal (C<isl_map_lex_ge_first>)
1462than the first C<n> dimensions in the range.
1463
1464=back
1465
1466A basic set or relation can be converted to a set or relation
1467using the following functions.
1468
1469	__isl_give isl_set *isl_set_from_basic_set(
1470		__isl_take isl_basic_set *bset);
1471	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_from_basic_map(
1472		__isl_take isl_basic_map *bmap);
1473
1474Sets and relations can be converted to union sets and relations
1475using the following functions.
1476
1477	__isl_give isl_union_set *isl_union_set_from_basic_set(
1478		__isl_take isl_basic_set *bset);
1479	__isl_give isl_union_map *isl_union_map_from_basic_map(
1480		__isl_take isl_basic_map *bmap);
1481	__isl_give isl_union_set *isl_union_set_from_set(
1482		__isl_take isl_set *set);
1483	__isl_give isl_union_map *isl_union_map_from_map(
1484		__isl_take isl_map *map);
1485
1486The inverse conversions below can only be used if the input
1487union set or relation is known to contain elements in exactly one
1488space.
1489
1490	__isl_give isl_set *isl_set_from_union_set(
1491		__isl_take isl_union_set *uset);
1492	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_from_union_map(
1493		__isl_take isl_union_map *umap);
1494
1495A zero-dimensional (basic) set can be constructed on a given parameter domain
1496using the following function.
1497
1498	__isl_give isl_basic_set *isl_basic_set_from_params(
1499		__isl_take isl_basic_set *bset);
1500	__isl_give isl_set *isl_set_from_params(
1501		__isl_take isl_set *set);
1502
1503Sets and relations can be copied and freed again using the following
1504functions.
1505
1506	__isl_give isl_basic_set *isl_basic_set_copy(
1507		__isl_keep isl_basic_set *bset);
1508	__isl_give isl_set *isl_set_copy(__isl_keep isl_set *set);
1509	__isl_give isl_union_set *isl_union_set_copy(
1510		__isl_keep isl_union_set *uset);
1511	__isl_give isl_basic_map *isl_basic_map_copy(
1512		__isl_keep isl_basic_map *bmap);
1513	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_copy(__isl_keep isl_map *map);
1514	__isl_give isl_union_map *isl_union_map_copy(
1515		__isl_keep isl_union_map *umap);
1516	void *isl_basic_set_free(__isl_take isl_basic_set *bset);
1517	void *isl_set_free(__isl_take isl_set *set);
1518	void *isl_union_set_free(__isl_take isl_union_set *uset);
1519	void *isl_basic_map_free(__isl_take isl_basic_map *bmap);
1520	void *isl_map_free(__isl_take isl_map *map);
1521	void *isl_union_map_free(__isl_take isl_union_map *umap);
1522
1523Other sets and relations can be constructed by starting
1524from a universe set or relation, adding equality and/or
1525inequality constraints and then projecting out the
1526existentially quantified variables, if any.
1527Constraints can be constructed, manipulated and
1528added to (or removed from) (basic) sets and relations
1529using the following functions.
1530
1531	#include <isl/constraint.h>
1532	__isl_give isl_constraint *isl_equality_alloc(
1533		__isl_take isl_local_space *ls);
1534	__isl_give isl_constraint *isl_inequality_alloc(
1535		__isl_take isl_local_space *ls);
1536	__isl_give isl_constraint *isl_constraint_set_constant(
1537		__isl_take isl_constraint *constraint, isl_int v);
1538	__isl_give isl_constraint *isl_constraint_set_constant_si(
1539		__isl_take isl_constraint *constraint, int v);
1540	__isl_give isl_constraint *isl_constraint_set_constant_val(
1541		__isl_take isl_constraint *constraint,
1542		__isl_take isl_val *v);
1543	__isl_give isl_constraint *isl_constraint_set_coefficient(
1544		__isl_take isl_constraint *constraint,
1545		enum isl_dim_type type, int pos, isl_int v);
1546	__isl_give isl_constraint *isl_constraint_set_coefficient_si(
1547		__isl_take isl_constraint *constraint,
1548		enum isl_dim_type type, int pos, int v);
1549	__isl_give isl_constraint *
1550	isl_constraint_set_coefficient_val(
1551		__isl_take isl_constraint *constraint,
1552		enum isl_dim_type type, int pos, isl_val *v);
1553	__isl_give isl_basic_map *isl_basic_map_add_constraint(
1554		__isl_take isl_basic_map *bmap,
1555		__isl_take isl_constraint *constraint);
1556	__isl_give isl_basic_set *isl_basic_set_add_constraint(
1557		__isl_take isl_basic_set *bset,
1558		__isl_take isl_constraint *constraint);
1559	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_add_constraint(
1560		__isl_take isl_map *map,
1561		__isl_take isl_constraint *constraint);
1562	__isl_give isl_set *isl_set_add_constraint(
1563		__isl_take isl_set *set,
1564		__isl_take isl_constraint *constraint);
1565	__isl_give isl_basic_set *isl_basic_set_drop_constraint(
1566		__isl_take isl_basic_set *bset,
1567		__isl_take isl_constraint *constraint);
1568
1569For example, to create a set containing the even integers
1570between 10 and 42, you would use the following code.
1571
1572	isl_space *space;
1573	isl_local_space *ls;
1574	isl_constraint *c;
1575	isl_basic_set *bset;
1576
1577	space = isl_space_set_alloc(ctx, 0, 2);
1578	bset = isl_basic_set_universe(isl_space_copy(space));
1579	ls = isl_local_space_from_space(space);
1580
1581	c = isl_equality_alloc(isl_local_space_copy(ls));
1582	c = isl_constraint_set_coefficient_si(c, isl_dim_set, 0, -1);
1583	c = isl_constraint_set_coefficient_si(c, isl_dim_set, 1, 2);
1584	bset = isl_basic_set_add_constraint(bset, c);
1585
1586	c = isl_inequality_alloc(isl_local_space_copy(ls));
1587	c = isl_constraint_set_constant_si(c, -10);
1588	c = isl_constraint_set_coefficient_si(c, isl_dim_set, 0, 1);
1589	bset = isl_basic_set_add_constraint(bset, c);
1590
1591	c = isl_inequality_alloc(ls);
1592	c = isl_constraint_set_constant_si(c, 42);
1593	c = isl_constraint_set_coefficient_si(c, isl_dim_set, 0, -1);
1594	bset = isl_basic_set_add_constraint(bset, c);
1595
1596	bset = isl_basic_set_project_out(bset, isl_dim_set, 1, 1);
1597
1598Or, alternatively,
1599
1600	isl_basic_set *bset;
1601	bset = isl_basic_set_read_from_str(ctx,
1602		"{[i] : exists (a : i = 2a and i >= 10 and i <= 42)}");
1603
1604A basic set or relation can also be constructed from two matrices
1605describing the equalities and the inequalities.
1606
1607	__isl_give isl_basic_set *isl_basic_set_from_constraint_matrices(
1608		__isl_take isl_space *space,
1609		__isl_take isl_mat *eq, __isl_take isl_mat *ineq,
1610		enum isl_dim_type c1,
1611		enum isl_dim_type c2, enum isl_dim_type c3,
1612		enum isl_dim_type c4);
1613	__isl_give isl_basic_map *isl_basic_map_from_constraint_matrices(
1614		__isl_take isl_space *space,
1615		__isl_take isl_mat *eq, __isl_take isl_mat *ineq,
1616		enum isl_dim_type c1,
1617		enum isl_dim_type c2, enum isl_dim_type c3,
1618		enum isl_dim_type c4, enum isl_dim_type c5);
1619
1620The C<isl_dim_type> arguments indicate the order in which
1621different kinds of variables appear in the input matrices
1622and should be a permutation of C<isl_dim_cst>, C<isl_dim_param>,
1623C<isl_dim_set> and C<isl_dim_div> for sets and
1624of C<isl_dim_cst>, C<isl_dim_param>,
1625C<isl_dim_in>, C<isl_dim_out> and C<isl_dim_div> for relations.
1626
1627A (basic or union) set or relation can also be constructed from a
1628(union) (piecewise) (multiple) affine expression
1629or a list of affine expressions
1630(See L<"Piecewise Quasi Affine Expressions"> and
1631L<"Piecewise Multiple Quasi Affine Expressions">).
1632
1633	__isl_give isl_basic_map *isl_basic_map_from_aff(
1634		__isl_take isl_aff *aff);
1635	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_from_aff(
1636		__isl_take isl_aff *aff);
1637	__isl_give isl_set *isl_set_from_pw_aff(
1638		__isl_take isl_pw_aff *pwaff);
1639	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_from_pw_aff(
1640		__isl_take isl_pw_aff *pwaff);
1641	__isl_give isl_basic_map *isl_basic_map_from_aff_list(
1642		__isl_take isl_space *domain_space,
1643		__isl_take isl_aff_list *list);
1644	__isl_give isl_basic_map *isl_basic_map_from_multi_aff(
1645		__isl_take isl_multi_aff *maff)
1646	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_from_multi_aff(
1647		__isl_take isl_multi_aff *maff)
1648	__isl_give isl_set *isl_set_from_pw_multi_aff(
1649		__isl_take isl_pw_multi_aff *pma);
1650	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_from_pw_multi_aff(
1651		__isl_take isl_pw_multi_aff *pma);
1652	__isl_give isl_union_map *
1653	isl_union_map_from_union_pw_multi_aff(
1654		__isl_take isl_union_pw_multi_aff *upma);
1655
1656The C<domain_dim> argument describes the domain of the resulting
1657basic relation.  It is required because the C<list> may consist
1658of zero affine expressions.
1659
1660=head2 Inspecting Sets and Relations
1661
1662Usually, the user should not have to care about the actual constraints
1663of the sets and maps, but should instead apply the abstract operations
1664explained in the following sections.
1665Occasionally, however, it may be required to inspect the individual
1666coefficients of the constraints.  This section explains how to do so.
1667In these cases, it may also be useful to have C<isl> compute
1668an explicit representation of the existentially quantified variables.
1669
1670	__isl_give isl_set *isl_set_compute_divs(
1671		__isl_take isl_set *set);
1672	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_compute_divs(
1673		__isl_take isl_map *map);
1674	__isl_give isl_union_set *isl_union_set_compute_divs(
1675		__isl_take isl_union_set *uset);
1676	__isl_give isl_union_map *isl_union_map_compute_divs(
1677		__isl_take isl_union_map *umap);
1678
1679This explicit representation defines the existentially quantified
1680variables as integer divisions of the other variables, possibly
1681including earlier existentially quantified variables.
1682An explicitly represented existentially quantified variable therefore
1683has a unique value when the values of the other variables are known.
1684If, furthermore, the same existentials, i.e., existentials
1685with the same explicit representations, should appear in the
1686same order in each of the disjuncts of a set or map, then the user should call
1687either of the following functions.
1688
1689	__isl_give isl_set *isl_set_align_divs(
1690		__isl_take isl_set *set);
1691	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_align_divs(
1692		__isl_take isl_map *map);
1693
1694Alternatively, the existentially quantified variables can be removed
1695using the following functions, which compute an overapproximation.
1696
1697	__isl_give isl_basic_set *isl_basic_set_remove_divs(
1698		__isl_take isl_basic_set *bset);
1699	__isl_give isl_basic_map *isl_basic_map_remove_divs(
1700		__isl_take isl_basic_map *bmap);
1701	__isl_give isl_set *isl_set_remove_divs(
1702		__isl_take isl_set *set);
1703	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_remove_divs(
1704		__isl_take isl_map *map);
1705
1706It is also possible to only remove those divs that are defined
1707in terms of a given range of dimensions or only those for which
1708no explicit representation is known.
1709
1710	__isl_give isl_basic_set *
1711	isl_basic_set_remove_divs_involving_dims(
1712		__isl_take isl_basic_set *bset,
1713		enum isl_dim_type type,
1714		unsigned first, unsigned n);
1715	__isl_give isl_basic_map *
1716	isl_basic_map_remove_divs_involving_dims(
1717		__isl_take isl_basic_map *bmap,
1718		enum isl_dim_type type,
1719		unsigned first, unsigned n);
1720	__isl_give isl_set *isl_set_remove_divs_involving_dims(
1721		__isl_take isl_set *set, enum isl_dim_type type,
1722		unsigned first, unsigned n);
1723	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_remove_divs_involving_dims(
1724		__isl_take isl_map *map, enum isl_dim_type type,
1725		unsigned first, unsigned n);
1726
1727	__isl_give isl_basic_set *
1728	isl_basic_set_remove_unknown_divs(
1729		__isl_take isl_basic_set *bset);
1730	__isl_give isl_set *isl_set_remove_unknown_divs(
1731		__isl_take isl_set *set);
1732	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_remove_unknown_divs(
1733		__isl_take isl_map *map);
1734
1735To iterate over all the sets or maps in a union set or map, use
1736
1737	int isl_union_set_foreach_set(__isl_keep isl_union_set *uset,
1738		int (*fn)(__isl_take isl_set *set, void *user),
1739		void *user);
1740	int isl_union_map_foreach_map(__isl_keep isl_union_map *umap,
1741		int (*fn)(__isl_take isl_map *map, void *user),
1742		void *user);
1743
1744The number of sets or maps in a union set or map can be obtained
1745from
1746
1747	int isl_union_set_n_set(__isl_keep isl_union_set *uset);
1748	int isl_union_map_n_map(__isl_keep isl_union_map *umap);
1749
1750To extract the set or map in a given space from a union, use
1751
1752	__isl_give isl_set *isl_union_set_extract_set(
1753		__isl_keep isl_union_set *uset,
1754		__isl_take isl_space *space);
1755	__isl_give isl_map *isl_union_map_extract_map(
1756		__isl_keep isl_union_map *umap,
1757		__isl_take isl_space *space);
1758
1759To iterate over all the basic sets or maps in a set or map, use
1760
1761	int isl_set_foreach_basic_set(__isl_keep isl_set *set,
1762		int (*fn)(__isl_take isl_basic_set *bset, void *user),
1763		void *user);
1764	int isl_map_foreach_basic_map(__isl_keep isl_map *map,
1765		int (*fn)(__isl_take isl_basic_map *bmap, void *user),
1766		void *user);
1767
1768The callback function C<fn> should return 0 if successful and
1769-1 if an error occurs.  In the latter case, or if any other error
1770occurs, the above functions will return -1.
1771
1772It should be noted that C<isl> does not guarantee that
1773the basic sets or maps passed to C<fn> are disjoint.
1774If this is required, then the user should call one of
1775the following functions first.
1776
1777	__isl_give isl_set *isl_set_make_disjoint(
1778		__isl_take isl_set *set);
1779	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_make_disjoint(
1780		__isl_take isl_map *map);
1781
1782The number of basic sets in a set can be obtained
1783from
1784
1785	int isl_set_n_basic_set(__isl_keep isl_set *set);
1786
1787To iterate over the constraints of a basic set or map, use
1788
1789	#include <isl/constraint.h>
1790
1791	int isl_basic_set_n_constraint(
1792		__isl_keep isl_basic_set *bset);
1793	int isl_basic_set_foreach_constraint(
1794		__isl_keep isl_basic_set *bset,
1795		int (*fn)(__isl_take isl_constraint *c, void *user),
1796		void *user);
1797	int isl_basic_map_foreach_constraint(
1798		__isl_keep isl_basic_map *bmap,
1799		int (*fn)(__isl_take isl_constraint *c, void *user),
1800		void *user);
1801	void *isl_constraint_free(__isl_take isl_constraint *c);
1802
1803Again, the callback function C<fn> should return 0 if successful and
1804-1 if an error occurs.  In the latter case, or if any other error
1805occurs, the above functions will return -1.
1806The constraint C<c> represents either an equality or an inequality.
1807Use the following function to find out whether a constraint
1808represents an equality.  If not, it represents an inequality.
1809
1810	int isl_constraint_is_equality(
1811		__isl_keep isl_constraint *constraint);
1812
1813The coefficients of the constraints can be inspected using
1814the following functions.
1815
1816	int isl_constraint_is_lower_bound(
1817		__isl_keep isl_constraint *constraint,
1818		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos);
1819	int isl_constraint_is_upper_bound(
1820		__isl_keep isl_constraint *constraint,
1821		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos);
1822	void isl_constraint_get_constant(
1823		__isl_keep isl_constraint *constraint, isl_int *v);
1824	__isl_give isl_val *isl_constraint_get_constant_val(
1825		__isl_keep isl_constraint *constraint);
1826	void isl_constraint_get_coefficient(
1827		__isl_keep isl_constraint *constraint,
1828		enum isl_dim_type type, int pos, isl_int *v);
1829	__isl_give isl_val *isl_constraint_get_coefficient_val(
1830		__isl_keep isl_constraint *constraint,
1831		enum isl_dim_type type, int pos);
1832	int isl_constraint_involves_dims(
1833		__isl_keep isl_constraint *constraint,
1834		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned first, unsigned n);
1835
1836The explicit representations of the existentially quantified
1837variables can be inspected using the following function.
1838Note that the user is only allowed to use this function
1839if the inspected set or map is the result of a call
1840to C<isl_set_compute_divs> or C<isl_map_compute_divs>.
1841The existentially quantified variable is equal to the floor
1842of the returned affine expression.  The affine expression
1843itself can be inspected using the functions in
1844L<"Piecewise Quasi Affine Expressions">.
1845
1846	__isl_give isl_aff *isl_constraint_get_div(
1847		__isl_keep isl_constraint *constraint, int pos);
1848
1849To obtain the constraints of a basic set or map in matrix
1850form, use the following functions.
1851
1852	__isl_give isl_mat *isl_basic_set_equalities_matrix(
1853		__isl_keep isl_basic_set *bset,
1854		enum isl_dim_type c1, enum isl_dim_type c2,
1855		enum isl_dim_type c3, enum isl_dim_type c4);
1856	__isl_give isl_mat *isl_basic_set_inequalities_matrix(
1857		__isl_keep isl_basic_set *bset,
1858		enum isl_dim_type c1, enum isl_dim_type c2,
1859		enum isl_dim_type c3, enum isl_dim_type c4);
1860	__isl_give isl_mat *isl_basic_map_equalities_matrix(
1861		__isl_keep isl_basic_map *bmap,
1862		enum isl_dim_type c1,
1863		enum isl_dim_type c2, enum isl_dim_type c3,
1864		enum isl_dim_type c4, enum isl_dim_type c5);
1865	__isl_give isl_mat *isl_basic_map_inequalities_matrix(
1866		__isl_keep isl_basic_map *bmap,
1867		enum isl_dim_type c1,
1868		enum isl_dim_type c2, enum isl_dim_type c3,
1869		enum isl_dim_type c4, enum isl_dim_type c5);
1870
1871The C<isl_dim_type> arguments dictate the order in which
1872different kinds of variables appear in the resulting matrix
1873and should be a permutation of C<isl_dim_cst>, C<isl_dim_param>,
1874C<isl_dim_in>, C<isl_dim_out> and C<isl_dim_div>.
1875
1876The number of parameters, input, output or set dimensions can
1877be obtained using the following functions.
1878
1879	unsigned isl_basic_set_dim(__isl_keep isl_basic_set *bset,
1880		enum isl_dim_type type);
1881	unsigned isl_basic_map_dim(__isl_keep isl_basic_map *bmap,
1882		enum isl_dim_type type);
1883	unsigned isl_set_dim(__isl_keep isl_set *set,
1884		enum isl_dim_type type);
1885	unsigned isl_map_dim(__isl_keep isl_map *map,
1886		enum isl_dim_type type);
1887
1888To check whether the description of a set or relation depends
1889on one or more given dimensions, it is not necessary to iterate over all
1890constraints.  Instead the following functions can be used.
1891
1892	int isl_basic_set_involves_dims(
1893		__isl_keep isl_basic_set *bset,
1894		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned first, unsigned n);
1895	int isl_set_involves_dims(__isl_keep isl_set *set,
1896		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned first, unsigned n);
1897	int isl_basic_map_involves_dims(
1898		__isl_keep isl_basic_map *bmap,
1899		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned first, unsigned n);
1900	int isl_map_involves_dims(__isl_keep isl_map *map,
1901		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned first, unsigned n);
1902
1903Similarly, the following functions can be used to check whether
1904a given dimension is involved in any lower or upper bound.
1905
1906	int isl_set_dim_has_any_lower_bound(__isl_keep isl_set *set,
1907		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos);
1908	int isl_set_dim_has_any_upper_bound(__isl_keep isl_set *set,
1909		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos);
1910
1911Note that these functions return true even if there is a bound on
1912the dimension on only some of the basic sets of C<set>.
1913To check if they have a bound for all of the basic sets in C<set>,
1914use the following functions instead.
1915
1916	int isl_set_dim_has_lower_bound(__isl_keep isl_set *set,
1917		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos);
1918	int isl_set_dim_has_upper_bound(__isl_keep isl_set *set,
1919		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos);
1920
1921The identifiers or names of the domain and range spaces of a set
1922or relation can be read off or set using the following functions.
1923
1924	__isl_give isl_set *isl_set_set_tuple_id(
1925		__isl_take isl_set *set, __isl_take isl_id *id);
1926	__isl_give isl_set *isl_set_reset_tuple_id(
1927		__isl_take isl_set *set);
1928	int isl_set_has_tuple_id(__isl_keep isl_set *set);
1929	__isl_give isl_id *isl_set_get_tuple_id(
1930		__isl_keep isl_set *set);
1931	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_set_tuple_id(
1932		__isl_take isl_map *map, enum isl_dim_type type,
1933		__isl_take isl_id *id);
1934	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_reset_tuple_id(
1935		__isl_take isl_map *map, enum isl_dim_type type);
1936	int isl_map_has_tuple_id(__isl_keep isl_map *map,
1937		enum isl_dim_type type);
1938	__isl_give isl_id *isl_map_get_tuple_id(
1939		__isl_keep isl_map *map, enum isl_dim_type type);
1940
1941	const char *isl_basic_set_get_tuple_name(
1942		__isl_keep isl_basic_set *bset);
1943	__isl_give isl_basic_set *isl_basic_set_set_tuple_name(
1944		__isl_take isl_basic_set *set, const char *s);
1945	int isl_set_has_tuple_name(__isl_keep isl_set *set);
1946	const char *isl_set_get_tuple_name(
1947		__isl_keep isl_set *set);
1948	const char *isl_basic_map_get_tuple_name(
1949		__isl_keep isl_basic_map *bmap,
1950		enum isl_dim_type type);
1951	__isl_give isl_basic_map *isl_basic_map_set_tuple_name(
1952		__isl_take isl_basic_map *bmap,
1953		enum isl_dim_type type, const char *s);
1954	int isl_map_has_tuple_name(__isl_keep isl_map *map,
1955		enum isl_dim_type type);
1956	const char *isl_map_get_tuple_name(
1957		__isl_keep isl_map *map,
1958		enum isl_dim_type type);
1959
1960As with C<isl_space_get_tuple_name>, the value returned points to
1961an internal data structure.
1962The identifiers, positions or names of individual dimensions can be
1963read off using the following functions.
1964
1965	__isl_give isl_id *isl_basic_set_get_dim_id(
1966		__isl_keep isl_basic_set *bset,
1967		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos);
1968	__isl_give isl_set *isl_set_set_dim_id(
1969		__isl_take isl_set *set, enum isl_dim_type type,
1970		unsigned pos, __isl_take isl_id *id);
1971	int isl_set_has_dim_id(__isl_keep isl_set *set,
1972		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos);
1973	__isl_give isl_id *isl_set_get_dim_id(
1974		__isl_keep isl_set *set, enum isl_dim_type type,
1975		unsigned pos);
1976	int isl_basic_map_has_dim_id(
1977		__isl_keep isl_basic_map *bmap,
1978		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos);
1979	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_set_dim_id(
1980		__isl_take isl_map *map, enum isl_dim_type type,
1981		unsigned pos, __isl_take isl_id *id);
1982	int isl_map_has_dim_id(__isl_keep isl_map *map,
1983		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos);
1984	__isl_give isl_id *isl_map_get_dim_id(
1985		__isl_keep isl_map *map, enum isl_dim_type type,
1986		unsigned pos);
1987
1988	int isl_set_find_dim_by_id(__isl_keep isl_set *set,
1989		enum isl_dim_type type, __isl_keep isl_id *id);
1990	int isl_map_find_dim_by_id(__isl_keep isl_map *map,
1991		enum isl_dim_type type, __isl_keep isl_id *id);
1992	int isl_set_find_dim_by_name(__isl_keep isl_set *set,
1993		enum isl_dim_type type, const char *name);
1994	int isl_map_find_dim_by_name(__isl_keep isl_map *map,
1995		enum isl_dim_type type, const char *name);
1996
1997	const char *isl_constraint_get_dim_name(
1998		__isl_keep isl_constraint *constraint,
1999		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos);
2000	const char *isl_basic_set_get_dim_name(
2001		__isl_keep isl_basic_set *bset,
2002		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos);
2003	int isl_set_has_dim_name(__isl_keep isl_set *set,
2004		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos);
2005	const char *isl_set_get_dim_name(
2006		__isl_keep isl_set *set,
2007		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos);
2008	const char *isl_basic_map_get_dim_name(
2009		__isl_keep isl_basic_map *bmap,
2010		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos);
2011	int isl_map_has_dim_name(__isl_keep isl_map *map,
2012		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos);
2013	const char *isl_map_get_dim_name(
2014		__isl_keep isl_map *map,
2015		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos);
2016
2017These functions are mostly useful to obtain the identifiers, positions
2018or names of the parameters.  Identifiers of individual dimensions are
2019essentially only useful for printing.  They are ignored by all other
2020operations and may not be preserved across those operations.
2021
2022=head2 Properties
2023
2024=head3 Unary Properties
2025
2026=over
2027
2028=item * Emptiness
2029
2030The following functions test whether the given set or relation
2031contains any integer points.  The ``plain'' variants do not perform
2032any computations, but simply check if the given set or relation
2033is already known to be empty.
2034
2035	int isl_basic_set_plain_is_empty(__isl_keep isl_basic_set *bset);
2036	int isl_basic_set_is_empty(__isl_keep isl_basic_set *bset);
2037	int isl_set_plain_is_empty(__isl_keep isl_set *set);
2038	int isl_set_is_empty(__isl_keep isl_set *set);
2039	int isl_union_set_is_empty(__isl_keep isl_union_set *uset);
2040	int isl_basic_map_plain_is_empty(__isl_keep isl_basic_map *bmap);
2041	int isl_basic_map_is_empty(__isl_keep isl_basic_map *bmap);
2042	int isl_map_plain_is_empty(__isl_keep isl_map *map);
2043	int isl_map_is_empty(__isl_keep isl_map *map);
2044	int isl_union_map_is_empty(__isl_keep isl_union_map *umap);
2045
2046=item * Universality
2047
2048	int isl_basic_set_is_universe(__isl_keep isl_basic_set *bset);
2049	int isl_basic_map_is_universe(__isl_keep isl_basic_map *bmap);
2050	int isl_set_plain_is_universe(__isl_keep isl_set *set);
2051
2052=item * Single-valuedness
2053
2054	int isl_basic_map_is_single_valued(
2055		__isl_keep isl_basic_map *bmap);
2056	int isl_map_plain_is_single_valued(
2057		__isl_keep isl_map *map);
2058	int isl_map_is_single_valued(__isl_keep isl_map *map);
2059	int isl_union_map_is_single_valued(__isl_keep isl_union_map *umap);
2060
2061=item * Injectivity
2062
2063	int isl_map_plain_is_injective(__isl_keep isl_map *map);
2064	int isl_map_is_injective(__isl_keep isl_map *map);
2065	int isl_union_map_plain_is_injective(
2066		__isl_keep isl_union_map *umap);
2067	int isl_union_map_is_injective(
2068		__isl_keep isl_union_map *umap);
2069
2070=item * Bijectivity
2071
2072	int isl_map_is_bijective(__isl_keep isl_map *map);
2073	int isl_union_map_is_bijective(__isl_keep isl_union_map *umap);
2074
2075=item * Position
2076
2077	int isl_basic_map_plain_is_fixed(
2078		__isl_keep isl_basic_map *bmap,
2079		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos,
2080		isl_int *val);
2081	int isl_set_plain_is_fixed(__isl_keep isl_set *set,
2082		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos,
2083		isl_int *val);
2084	int isl_map_plain_is_fixed(__isl_keep isl_map *map,
2085		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos,
2086		isl_int *val);
2087
2088Check if the relation obviously lies on a hyperplane where the given dimension
2089has a fixed value and if so, return that value in C<*val>.
2090
2091	__isl_give isl_val *
2092	isl_basic_map_plain_get_val_if_fixed(
2093		__isl_keep isl_basic_map *bmap,
2094		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos);
2095	__isl_give isl_val *isl_set_plain_get_val_if_fixed(
2096		__isl_keep isl_set *set,
2097		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos);
2098	__isl_give isl_val *isl_map_plain_get_val_if_fixed(
2099		__isl_keep isl_map *map,
2100		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos);
2101
2102If the set or relation obviously lies on a hyperplane where the given dimension
2103has a fixed value, then return that value.
2104Otherwise return NaN.
2105
2106=item * Stride
2107
2108	int isl_set_dim_residue_class_val(
2109		__isl_keep isl_set *set,
2110		int pos, __isl_give isl_val **modulo,
2111		__isl_give isl_val **residue);
2112
2113Check if the values of the given set dimension are equal to a fixed
2114value modulo some integer value.  If so, assign the modulo to C<*modulo>
2115and the fixed value to C<*residue>.  If the given dimension attains only
2116a single value, then assign C<0> to C<*modulo> and the fixed value to
2117C<*residue>.
2118If the dimension does not attain only a single value and if no modulo
2119can be found then assign C<1> to C<*modulo> and C<1> to C<*residue>.
2120
2121=item * Space
2122
2123To check whether a set is a parameter domain, use this function:
2124
2125	int isl_set_is_params(__isl_keep isl_set *set);
2126	int isl_union_set_is_params(
2127		__isl_keep isl_union_set *uset);
2128
2129=item * Wrapping
2130
2131The following functions check whether the domain of the given
2132(basic) set is a wrapped relation.
2133
2134	int isl_basic_set_is_wrapping(
2135		__isl_keep isl_basic_set *bset);
2136	int isl_set_is_wrapping(__isl_keep isl_set *set);
2137
2138=item * Internal Product
2139
2140	int isl_basic_map_can_zip(
2141		__isl_keep isl_basic_map *bmap);
2142	int isl_map_can_zip(__isl_keep isl_map *map);
2143
2144Check whether the product of domain and range of the given relation
2145can be computed,
2146i.e., whether both domain and range are nested relations.
2147
2148=item * Currying
2149
2150	int isl_basic_map_can_curry(
2151		__isl_keep isl_basic_map *bmap);
2152	int isl_map_can_curry(__isl_keep isl_map *map);
2153
2154Check whether the domain of the (basic) relation is a wrapped relation.
2155
2156	int isl_basic_map_can_uncurry(
2157		__isl_keep isl_basic_map *bmap);
2158	int isl_map_can_uncurry(__isl_keep isl_map *map);
2159
2160Check whether the range of the (basic) relation is a wrapped relation.
2161
2162=back
2163
2164=head3 Binary Properties
2165
2166=over
2167
2168=item * Equality
2169
2170	int isl_set_plain_is_equal(__isl_keep isl_set *set1,
2171		__isl_keep isl_set *set2);
2172	int isl_set_is_equal(__isl_keep isl_set *set1,
2173		__isl_keep isl_set *set2);
2174	int isl_union_set_is_equal(
2175		__isl_keep isl_union_set *uset1,
2176		__isl_keep isl_union_set *uset2);
2177	int isl_basic_map_is_equal(
2178		__isl_keep isl_basic_map *bmap1,
2179		__isl_keep isl_basic_map *bmap2);
2180	int isl_map_is_equal(__isl_keep isl_map *map1,
2181		__isl_keep isl_map *map2);
2182	int isl_map_plain_is_equal(__isl_keep isl_map *map1,
2183		__isl_keep isl_map *map2);
2184	int isl_union_map_is_equal(
2185		__isl_keep isl_union_map *umap1,
2186		__isl_keep isl_union_map *umap2);
2187
2188=item * Disjointness
2189
2190	int isl_set_plain_is_disjoint(__isl_keep isl_set *set1,
2191		__isl_keep isl_set *set2);
2192	int isl_set_is_disjoint(__isl_keep isl_set *set1,
2193		__isl_keep isl_set *set2);
2194	int isl_map_is_disjoint(__isl_keep isl_map *map1,
2195		__isl_keep isl_map *map2);
2196
2197=item * Subset
2198
2199	int isl_basic_set_is_subset(
2200		__isl_keep isl_basic_set *bset1,
2201		__isl_keep isl_basic_set *bset2);
2202	int isl_set_is_subset(__isl_keep isl_set *set1,
2203		__isl_keep isl_set *set2);
2204	int isl_set_is_strict_subset(
2205		__isl_keep isl_set *set1,
2206		__isl_keep isl_set *set2);
2207	int isl_union_set_is_subset(
2208		__isl_keep isl_union_set *uset1,
2209		__isl_keep isl_union_set *uset2);
2210	int isl_union_set_is_strict_subset(
2211		__isl_keep isl_union_set *uset1,
2212		__isl_keep isl_union_set *uset2);
2213	int isl_basic_map_is_subset(
2214		__isl_keep isl_basic_map *bmap1,
2215		__isl_keep isl_basic_map *bmap2);
2216	int isl_basic_map_is_strict_subset(
2217		__isl_keep isl_basic_map *bmap1,
2218		__isl_keep isl_basic_map *bmap2);
2219	int isl_map_is_subset(
2220		__isl_keep isl_map *map1,
2221		__isl_keep isl_map *map2);
2222	int isl_map_is_strict_subset(
2223		__isl_keep isl_map *map1,
2224		__isl_keep isl_map *map2);
2225	int isl_union_map_is_subset(
2226		__isl_keep isl_union_map *umap1,
2227		__isl_keep isl_union_map *umap2);
2228	int isl_union_map_is_strict_subset(
2229		__isl_keep isl_union_map *umap1,
2230		__isl_keep isl_union_map *umap2);
2231
2232Check whether the first argument is a (strict) subset of the
2233second argument.
2234
2235=item * Order
2236
2237	int isl_set_plain_cmp(__isl_keep isl_set *set1,
2238		__isl_keep isl_set *set2);
2239
2240This function is useful for sorting C<isl_set>s.
2241The order depends on the internal representation of the inputs.
2242The order is fixed over different calls to the function (assuming
2243the internal representation of the inputs has not changed), but may
2244change over different versions of C<isl>.
2245
2246=back
2247
2248=head2 Unary Operations
2249
2250=over
2251
2252=item * Complement
2253
2254	__isl_give isl_set *isl_set_complement(
2255		__isl_take isl_set *set);
2256	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_complement(
2257		__isl_take isl_map *map);
2258
2259=item * Inverse map
2260
2261	__isl_give isl_basic_map *isl_basic_map_reverse(
2262		__isl_take isl_basic_map *bmap);
2263	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_reverse(
2264		__isl_take isl_map *map);
2265	__isl_give isl_union_map *isl_union_map_reverse(
2266		__isl_take isl_union_map *umap);
2267
2268=item * Projection
2269
2270	__isl_give isl_basic_set *isl_basic_set_project_out(
2271		__isl_take isl_basic_set *bset,
2272		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned first, unsigned n);
2273	__isl_give isl_basic_map *isl_basic_map_project_out(
2274		__isl_take isl_basic_map *bmap,
2275		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned first, unsigned n);
2276	__isl_give isl_set *isl_set_project_out(__isl_take isl_set *set,
2277		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned first, unsigned n);
2278	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_project_out(__isl_take isl_map *map,
2279		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned first, unsigned n);
2280	__isl_give isl_basic_set *isl_basic_set_params(
2281		__isl_take isl_basic_set *bset);
2282	__isl_give isl_basic_set *isl_basic_map_domain(
2283		__isl_take isl_basic_map *bmap);
2284	__isl_give isl_basic_set *isl_basic_map_range(
2285		__isl_take isl_basic_map *bmap);
2286	__isl_give isl_set *isl_set_params(__isl_take isl_set *set);
2287	__isl_give isl_set *isl_map_params(__isl_take isl_map *map);
2288	__isl_give isl_set *isl_map_domain(
2289		__isl_take isl_map *bmap);
2290	__isl_give isl_set *isl_map_range(
2291		__isl_take isl_map *map);
2292	__isl_give isl_set *isl_union_set_params(
2293		__isl_take isl_union_set *uset);
2294	__isl_give isl_set *isl_union_map_params(
2295		__isl_take isl_union_map *umap);
2296	__isl_give isl_union_set *isl_union_map_domain(
2297		__isl_take isl_union_map *umap);
2298	__isl_give isl_union_set *isl_union_map_range(
2299		__isl_take isl_union_map *umap);
2300
2301	__isl_give isl_basic_map *isl_basic_map_domain_map(
2302		__isl_take isl_basic_map *bmap);
2303	__isl_give isl_basic_map *isl_basic_map_range_map(
2304		__isl_take isl_basic_map *bmap);
2305	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_domain_map(__isl_take isl_map *map);
2306	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_range_map(__isl_take isl_map *map);
2307	__isl_give isl_union_map *isl_union_map_domain_map(
2308		__isl_take isl_union_map *umap);
2309	__isl_give isl_union_map *isl_union_map_range_map(
2310		__isl_take isl_union_map *umap);
2311
2312The functions above construct a (basic, regular or union) relation
2313that maps (a wrapped version of) the input relation to its domain or range.
2314
2315=item * Elimination
2316
2317	__isl_give isl_basic_set *isl_basic_set_eliminate(
2318		__isl_take isl_basic_set *bset,
2319		enum isl_dim_type type,
2320		unsigned first, unsigned n);
2321	__isl_give isl_set *isl_set_eliminate(
2322		__isl_take isl_set *set, enum isl_dim_type type,
2323		unsigned first, unsigned n);
2324	__isl_give isl_basic_map *isl_basic_map_eliminate(
2325		__isl_take isl_basic_map *bmap,
2326		enum isl_dim_type type,
2327		unsigned first, unsigned n);
2328	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_eliminate(
2329		__isl_take isl_map *map, enum isl_dim_type type,
2330		unsigned first, unsigned n);
2331
2332Eliminate the coefficients for the given dimensions from the constraints,
2333without removing the dimensions.
2334
2335=item * Slicing
2336
2337	__isl_give isl_basic_set *isl_basic_set_fix(
2338		__isl_take isl_basic_set *bset,
2339		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos,
2340		isl_int value);
2341	__isl_give isl_basic_set *isl_basic_set_fix_si(
2342		__isl_take isl_basic_set *bset,
2343		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos, int value);
2344	__isl_give isl_basic_set *isl_basic_set_fix_val(
2345		__isl_take isl_basic_set *bset,
2346		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos,
2347		__isl_take isl_val *v);
2348	__isl_give isl_set *isl_set_fix(__isl_take isl_set *set,
2349		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos,
2350		isl_int value);
2351	__isl_give isl_set *isl_set_fix_si(__isl_take isl_set *set,
2352		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos, int value);
2353	__isl_give isl_set *isl_set_fix_val(
2354		__isl_take isl_set *set,
2355		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos,
2356		__isl_take isl_val *v);
2357	__isl_give isl_basic_map *isl_basic_map_fix_si(
2358		__isl_take isl_basic_map *bmap,
2359		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos, int value);
2360	__isl_give isl_basic_map *isl_basic_map_fix_val(
2361		__isl_take isl_basic_map *bmap,
2362		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos,
2363		__isl_take isl_val *v);
2364	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_fix(__isl_take isl_map *map,
2365		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos,
2366		isl_int value);
2367	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_fix_si(__isl_take isl_map *map,
2368		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos, int value);
2369	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_fix_val(
2370		__isl_take isl_map *map,
2371		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos,
2372		__isl_take isl_val *v);
2373
2374Intersect the set or relation with the hyperplane where the given
2375dimension has the fixed given value.
2376
2377	__isl_give isl_basic_map *isl_basic_map_lower_bound_si(
2378		__isl_take isl_basic_map *bmap,
2379		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos, int value);
2380	__isl_give isl_basic_map *isl_basic_map_upper_bound_si(
2381		__isl_take isl_basic_map *bmap,
2382		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos, int value);
2383	__isl_give isl_set *isl_set_lower_bound(
2384		__isl_take isl_set *set,
2385		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos,
2386		isl_int value);
2387	__isl_give isl_set *isl_set_lower_bound_si(
2388		__isl_take isl_set *set,
2389		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos, int value);
2390	__isl_give isl_set *isl_set_lower_bound_val(
2391		__isl_take isl_set *set,
2392		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos,
2393		__isl_take isl_val *value);
2394	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_lower_bound_si(
2395		__isl_take isl_map *map,
2396		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos, int value);
2397	__isl_give isl_set *isl_set_upper_bound(
2398		__isl_take isl_set *set,
2399		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos,
2400		isl_int value);
2401	__isl_give isl_set *isl_set_upper_bound_si(
2402		__isl_take isl_set *set,
2403		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos, int value);
2404	__isl_give isl_set *isl_set_upper_bound_val(
2405		__isl_take isl_set *set,
2406		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos,
2407		__isl_take isl_val *value);
2408	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_upper_bound_si(
2409		__isl_take isl_map *map,
2410		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos, int value);
2411
2412Intersect the set or relation with the half-space where the given
2413dimension has a value bounded by the fixed given integer value.
2414
2415	__isl_give isl_set *isl_set_equate(__isl_take isl_set *set,
2416		enum isl_dim_type type1, int pos1,
2417		enum isl_dim_type type2, int pos2);
2418	__isl_give isl_basic_map *isl_basic_map_equate(
2419		__isl_take isl_basic_map *bmap,
2420		enum isl_dim_type type1, int pos1,
2421		enum isl_dim_type type2, int pos2);
2422	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_equate(__isl_take isl_map *map,
2423		enum isl_dim_type type1, int pos1,
2424		enum isl_dim_type type2, int pos2);
2425
2426Intersect the set or relation with the hyperplane where the given
2427dimensions are equal to each other.
2428
2429	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_oppose(__isl_take isl_map *map,
2430		enum isl_dim_type type1, int pos1,
2431		enum isl_dim_type type2, int pos2);
2432
2433Intersect the relation with the hyperplane where the given
2434dimensions have opposite values.
2435
2436	__isl_give isl_basic_map *isl_basic_map_order_ge(
2437		__isl_take isl_basic_map *bmap,
2438		enum isl_dim_type type1, int pos1,
2439		enum isl_dim_type type2, int pos2);
2440	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_order_lt(__isl_take isl_map *map,
2441		enum isl_dim_type type1, int pos1,
2442		enum isl_dim_type type2, int pos2);
2443	__isl_give isl_basic_map *isl_basic_map_order_gt(
2444		__isl_take isl_basic_map *bmap,
2445		enum isl_dim_type type1, int pos1,
2446		enum isl_dim_type type2, int pos2);
2447	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_order_gt(__isl_take isl_map *map,
2448		enum isl_dim_type type1, int pos1,
2449		enum isl_dim_type type2, int pos2);
2450
2451Intersect the relation with the half-space where the given
2452dimensions satisfy the given ordering.
2453
2454=item * Identity
2455
2456	__isl_give isl_map *isl_set_identity(
2457		__isl_take isl_set *set);
2458	__isl_give isl_union_map *isl_union_set_identity(
2459		__isl_take isl_union_set *uset);
2460
2461Construct an identity relation on the given (union) set.
2462
2463=item * Deltas
2464
2465	__isl_give isl_basic_set *isl_basic_map_deltas(
2466		__isl_take isl_basic_map *bmap);
2467	__isl_give isl_set *isl_map_deltas(__isl_take isl_map *map);
2468	__isl_give isl_union_set *isl_union_map_deltas(
2469		__isl_take isl_union_map *umap);
2470
2471These functions return a (basic) set containing the differences
2472between image elements and corresponding domain elements in the input.
2473
2474	__isl_give isl_basic_map *isl_basic_map_deltas_map(
2475		__isl_take isl_basic_map *bmap);
2476	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_deltas_map(
2477		__isl_take isl_map *map);
2478	__isl_give isl_union_map *isl_union_map_deltas_map(
2479		__isl_take isl_union_map *umap);
2480
2481The functions above construct a (basic, regular or union) relation
2482that maps (a wrapped version of) the input relation to its delta set.
2483
2484=item * Coalescing
2485
2486Simplify the representation of a set or relation by trying
2487to combine pairs of basic sets or relations into a single
2488basic set or relation.
2489
2490	__isl_give isl_set *isl_set_coalesce(__isl_take isl_set *set);
2491	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_coalesce(__isl_take isl_map *map);
2492	__isl_give isl_union_set *isl_union_set_coalesce(
2493		__isl_take isl_union_set *uset);
2494	__isl_give isl_union_map *isl_union_map_coalesce(
2495		__isl_take isl_union_map *umap);
2496
2497One of the methods for combining pairs of basic sets or relations
2498can result in coefficients that are much larger than those that appear
2499in the constraints of the input.  By default, the coefficients are
2500not allowed to grow larger, but this can be changed by unsetting
2501the following option.
2502
2503	int isl_options_set_coalesce_bounded_wrapping(
2504		isl_ctx *ctx, int val);
2505	int isl_options_get_coalesce_bounded_wrapping(
2506		isl_ctx *ctx);
2507
2508=item * Detecting equalities
2509
2510	__isl_give isl_basic_set *isl_basic_set_detect_equalities(
2511                __isl_take isl_basic_set *bset);
2512	__isl_give isl_basic_map *isl_basic_map_detect_equalities(
2513                __isl_take isl_basic_map *bmap);
2514	__isl_give isl_set *isl_set_detect_equalities(
2515		__isl_take isl_set *set);
2516	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_detect_equalities(
2517		__isl_take isl_map *map);
2518	__isl_give isl_union_set *isl_union_set_detect_equalities(
2519		__isl_take isl_union_set *uset);
2520	__isl_give isl_union_map *isl_union_map_detect_equalities(
2521		__isl_take isl_union_map *umap);
2522
2523Simplify the representation of a set or relation by detecting implicit
2524equalities.
2525
2526=item * Removing redundant constraints
2527
2528	__isl_give isl_basic_set *isl_basic_set_remove_redundancies(
2529		__isl_take isl_basic_set *bset);
2530	__isl_give isl_set *isl_set_remove_redundancies(
2531		__isl_take isl_set *set);
2532	__isl_give isl_basic_map *isl_basic_map_remove_redundancies(
2533		__isl_take isl_basic_map *bmap);
2534	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_remove_redundancies(
2535		__isl_take isl_map *map);
2536
2537=item * Convex hull
2538
2539	__isl_give isl_basic_set *isl_set_convex_hull(
2540		__isl_take isl_set *set);
2541	__isl_give isl_basic_map *isl_map_convex_hull(
2542		__isl_take isl_map *map);
2543
2544If the input set or relation has any existentially quantified
2545variables, then the result of these operations is currently undefined.
2546
2547=item * Simple hull
2548
2549	__isl_give isl_basic_set *
2550	isl_set_unshifted_simple_hull(
2551		__isl_take isl_set *set);
2552	__isl_give isl_basic_map *
2553	isl_map_unshifted_simple_hull(
2554		__isl_take isl_map *map);
2555	__isl_give isl_basic_set *isl_set_simple_hull(
2556		__isl_take isl_set *set);
2557	__isl_give isl_basic_map *isl_map_simple_hull(
2558		__isl_take isl_map *map);
2559	__isl_give isl_union_map *isl_union_map_simple_hull(
2560		__isl_take isl_union_map *umap);
2561
2562These functions compute a single basic set or relation
2563that contains the whole input set or relation.
2564In particular, the output is described by translates
2565of the constraints describing the basic sets or relations in the input.
2566In case of C<isl_set_unshifted_simple_hull>, only the original
2567constraints are used, without any translation.
2568
2569=begin latex
2570
2571(See \autoref{s:simple hull}.)
2572
2573=end latex
2574
2575=item * Affine hull
2576
2577	__isl_give isl_basic_set *isl_basic_set_affine_hull(
2578		__isl_take isl_basic_set *bset);
2579	__isl_give isl_basic_set *isl_set_affine_hull(
2580		__isl_take isl_set *set);
2581	__isl_give isl_union_set *isl_union_set_affine_hull(
2582		__isl_take isl_union_set *uset);
2583	__isl_give isl_basic_map *isl_basic_map_affine_hull(
2584		__isl_take isl_basic_map *bmap);
2585	__isl_give isl_basic_map *isl_map_affine_hull(
2586		__isl_take isl_map *map);
2587	__isl_give isl_union_map *isl_union_map_affine_hull(
2588		__isl_take isl_union_map *umap);
2589
2590In case of union sets and relations, the affine hull is computed
2591per space.
2592
2593=item * Polyhedral hull
2594
2595	__isl_give isl_basic_set *isl_set_polyhedral_hull(
2596		__isl_take isl_set *set);
2597	__isl_give isl_basic_map *isl_map_polyhedral_hull(
2598		__isl_take isl_map *map);
2599	__isl_give isl_union_set *isl_union_set_polyhedral_hull(
2600		__isl_take isl_union_set *uset);
2601	__isl_give isl_union_map *isl_union_map_polyhedral_hull(
2602		__isl_take isl_union_map *umap);
2603
2604These functions compute a single basic set or relation
2605not involving any existentially quantified variables
2606that contains the whole input set or relation.
2607In case of union sets and relations, the polyhedral hull is computed
2608per space.
2609
2610=item * Other approximations
2611
2612	__isl_give isl_basic_set *
2613	isl_basic_set_drop_constraints_involving_dims(
2614		__isl_take isl_basic_set *bset,
2615		enum isl_dim_type type,
2616		unsigned first, unsigned n);
2617	__isl_give isl_basic_map *
2618	isl_basic_map_drop_constraints_involving_dims(
2619		__isl_take isl_basic_map *bmap,
2620		enum isl_dim_type type,
2621		unsigned first, unsigned n);
2622	__isl_give isl_basic_set *
2623	isl_basic_set_drop_constraints_not_involving_dims(
2624		__isl_take isl_basic_set *bset,
2625		enum isl_dim_type type,
2626		unsigned first, unsigned n);
2627	__isl_give isl_set *
2628	isl_set_drop_constraints_involving_dims(
2629		__isl_take isl_set *set,
2630		enum isl_dim_type type,
2631		unsigned first, unsigned n);
2632	__isl_give isl_map *
2633	isl_map_drop_constraints_involving_dims(
2634		__isl_take isl_map *map,
2635		enum isl_dim_type type,
2636		unsigned first, unsigned n);
2637
2638These functions drop any constraints (not) involving the specified dimensions.
2639Note that the result depends on the representation of the input.
2640
2641=item * Feasibility
2642
2643	__isl_give isl_basic_set *isl_basic_set_sample(
2644		__isl_take isl_basic_set *bset);
2645	__isl_give isl_basic_set *isl_set_sample(
2646		__isl_take isl_set *set);
2647	__isl_give isl_basic_map *isl_basic_map_sample(
2648		__isl_take isl_basic_map *bmap);
2649	__isl_give isl_basic_map *isl_map_sample(
2650		__isl_take isl_map *map);
2651
2652If the input (basic) set or relation is non-empty, then return
2653a singleton subset of the input.  Otherwise, return an empty set.
2654
2655=item * Optimization
2656
2657	#include <isl/ilp.h>
2658	enum isl_lp_result isl_basic_set_max(
2659		__isl_keep isl_basic_set *bset,
2660		__isl_keep isl_aff *obj, isl_int *opt)
2661	__isl_give isl_val *isl_basic_set_max_val(
2662		__isl_keep isl_basic_set *bset,
2663		__isl_keep isl_aff *obj);
2664	enum isl_lp_result isl_set_min(__isl_keep isl_set *set,
2665		__isl_keep isl_aff *obj, isl_int *opt);
2666	__isl_give isl_val *isl_set_min_val(
2667		__isl_keep isl_set *set,
2668		__isl_keep isl_aff *obj);
2669	enum isl_lp_result isl_set_max(__isl_keep isl_set *set,
2670		__isl_keep isl_aff *obj, isl_int *opt);
2671	__isl_give isl_val *isl_set_max_val(
2672		__isl_keep isl_set *set,
2673		__isl_keep isl_aff *obj);
2674
2675Compute the minimum or maximum of the integer affine expression C<obj>
2676over the points in C<set>, returning the result in C<opt>.
2677The return value may be one of C<isl_lp_error>,
2678C<isl_lp_ok>, C<isl_lp_unbounded> or C<isl_lp_empty>, in case of
2679an C<isl_lp_result>.  If the result is an C<isl_val> then
2680the result is C<NULL> in case of an error, the optimal value in case
2681there is one, negative infinity or infinity if the problem is unbounded and
2682NaN if the problem is empty.
2683
2684=item * Parametric optimization
2685
2686	__isl_give isl_pw_aff *isl_set_dim_min(
2687		__isl_take isl_set *set, int pos);
2688	__isl_give isl_pw_aff *isl_set_dim_max(
2689		__isl_take isl_set *set, int pos);
2690	__isl_give isl_pw_aff *isl_map_dim_max(
2691		__isl_take isl_map *map, int pos);
2692
2693Compute the minimum or maximum of the given set or output dimension
2694as a function of the parameters (and input dimensions), but independently
2695of the other set or output dimensions.
2696For lexicographic optimization, see L<"Lexicographic Optimization">.
2697
2698=item * Dual
2699
2700The following functions compute either the set of (rational) coefficient
2701values of valid constraints for the given set or the set of (rational)
2702values satisfying the constraints with coefficients from the given set.
2703Internally, these two sets of functions perform essentially the
2704same operations, except that the set of coefficients is assumed to
2705be a cone, while the set of values may be any polyhedron.
2706The current implementation is based on the Farkas lemma and
2707Fourier-Motzkin elimination, but this may change or be made optional
2708in future.  In particular, future implementations may use different
2709dualization algorithms or skip the elimination step.
2710
2711	__isl_give isl_basic_set *isl_basic_set_coefficients(
2712		__isl_take isl_basic_set *bset);
2713	__isl_give isl_basic_set *isl_set_coefficients(
2714		__isl_take isl_set *set);
2715	__isl_give isl_union_set *isl_union_set_coefficients(
2716		__isl_take isl_union_set *bset);
2717	__isl_give isl_basic_set *isl_basic_set_solutions(
2718		__isl_take isl_basic_set *bset);
2719	__isl_give isl_basic_set *isl_set_solutions(
2720		__isl_take isl_set *set);
2721	__isl_give isl_union_set *isl_union_set_solutions(
2722		__isl_take isl_union_set *bset);
2723
2724=item * Power
2725
2726	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_fixed_power(
2727		__isl_take isl_map *map, isl_int exp);
2728	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_fixed_power_val(
2729		__isl_take isl_map *map,
2730		__isl_take isl_val *exp);
2731	__isl_give isl_union_map *isl_union_map_fixed_power(
2732		__isl_take isl_union_map *umap, isl_int exp);
2733	__isl_give isl_union_map *
2734	isl_union_map_fixed_power_val(
2735		__isl_take isl_union_map *umap,
2736		__isl_take isl_val *exp);
2737
2738Compute the given power of C<map>, where C<exp> is assumed to be non-zero.
2739If the exponent C<exp> is negative, then the -C<exp> th power of the inverse
2740of C<map> is computed.
2741
2742	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_power(__isl_take isl_map *map,
2743		int *exact);
2744	__isl_give isl_union_map *isl_union_map_power(
2745		__isl_take isl_union_map *umap, int *exact);
2746
2747Compute a parametric representation for all positive powers I<k> of C<map>.
2748The result maps I<k> to a nested relation corresponding to the
2749I<k>th power of C<map>.
2750The result may be an overapproximation.  If the result is known to be exact,
2751then C<*exact> is set to C<1>.
2752
2753=item * Transitive closure
2754
2755	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_transitive_closure(
2756		__isl_take isl_map *map, int *exact);
2757	__isl_give isl_union_map *isl_union_map_transitive_closure(
2758		__isl_take isl_union_map *umap, int *exact);
2759
2760Compute the transitive closure of C<map>.
2761The result may be an overapproximation.  If the result is known to be exact,
2762then C<*exact> is set to C<1>.
2763
2764=item * Reaching path lengths
2765
2766	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_reaching_path_lengths(
2767		__isl_take isl_map *map, int *exact);
2768
2769Compute a relation that maps each element in the range of C<map>
2770to the lengths of all paths composed of edges in C<map> that
2771end up in the given element.
2772The result may be an overapproximation.  If the result is known to be exact,
2773then C<*exact> is set to C<1>.
2774To compute the I<maximal> path length, the resulting relation
2775should be postprocessed by C<isl_map_lexmax>.
2776In particular, if the input relation is a dependence relation
2777(mapping sources to sinks), then the maximal path length corresponds
2778to the free schedule.
2779Note, however, that C<isl_map_lexmax> expects the maximum to be
2780finite, so if the path lengths are unbounded (possibly due to
2781the overapproximation), then you will get an error message.
2782
2783=item * Wrapping
2784
2785	__isl_give isl_basic_set *isl_basic_map_wrap(
2786		__isl_take isl_basic_map *bmap);
2787	__isl_give isl_set *isl_map_wrap(
2788		__isl_take isl_map *map);
2789	__isl_give isl_union_set *isl_union_map_wrap(
2790		__isl_take isl_union_map *umap);
2791	__isl_give isl_basic_map *isl_basic_set_unwrap(
2792		__isl_take isl_basic_set *bset);
2793	__isl_give isl_map *isl_set_unwrap(
2794		__isl_take isl_set *set);
2795	__isl_give isl_union_map *isl_union_set_unwrap(
2796		__isl_take isl_union_set *uset);
2797
2798=item * Flattening
2799
2800Remove any internal structure of domain (and range) of the given
2801set or relation.  If there is any such internal structure in the input,
2802then the name of the space is also removed.
2803
2804	__isl_give isl_basic_set *isl_basic_set_flatten(
2805		__isl_take isl_basic_set *bset);
2806	__isl_give isl_set *isl_set_flatten(
2807		__isl_take isl_set *set);
2808	__isl_give isl_basic_map *isl_basic_map_flatten_domain(
2809		__isl_take isl_basic_map *bmap);
2810	__isl_give isl_basic_map *isl_basic_map_flatten_range(
2811		__isl_take isl_basic_map *bmap);
2812	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_flatten_range(
2813		__isl_take isl_map *map);
2814	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_flatten_domain(
2815		__isl_take isl_map *map);
2816	__isl_give isl_basic_map *isl_basic_map_flatten(
2817		__isl_take isl_basic_map *bmap);
2818	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_flatten(
2819		__isl_take isl_map *map);
2820
2821	__isl_give isl_map *isl_set_flatten_map(
2822		__isl_take isl_set *set);
2823
2824The function above constructs a relation
2825that maps the input set to a flattened version of the set.
2826
2827=item * Lifting
2828
2829Lift the input set to a space with extra dimensions corresponding
2830to the existentially quantified variables in the input.
2831In particular, the result lives in a wrapped map where the domain
2832is the original space and the range corresponds to the original
2833existentially quantified variables.
2834
2835	__isl_give isl_basic_set *isl_basic_set_lift(
2836		__isl_take isl_basic_set *bset);
2837	__isl_give isl_set *isl_set_lift(
2838		__isl_take isl_set *set);
2839	__isl_give isl_union_set *isl_union_set_lift(
2840		__isl_take isl_union_set *uset);
2841
2842Given a local space that contains the existentially quantified
2843variables of a set, a basic relation that, when applied to
2844a basic set, has essentially the same effect as C<isl_basic_set_lift>,
2845can be constructed using the following function.
2846
2847	#include <isl/local_space.h>
2848	__isl_give isl_basic_map *isl_local_space_lifting(
2849		__isl_take isl_local_space *ls);
2850
2851=item * Internal Product
2852
2853	__isl_give isl_basic_map *isl_basic_map_zip(
2854		__isl_take isl_basic_map *bmap);
2855	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_zip(
2856		__isl_take isl_map *map);
2857	__isl_give isl_union_map *isl_union_map_zip(
2858		__isl_take isl_union_map *umap);
2859
2860Given a relation with nested relations for domain and range,
2861interchange the range of the domain with the domain of the range.
2862
2863=item * Currying
2864
2865	__isl_give isl_basic_map *isl_basic_map_curry(
2866		__isl_take isl_basic_map *bmap);
2867	__isl_give isl_basic_map *isl_basic_map_uncurry(
2868		__isl_take isl_basic_map *bmap);
2869	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_curry(
2870		__isl_take isl_map *map);
2871	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_uncurry(
2872		__isl_take isl_map *map);
2873	__isl_give isl_union_map *isl_union_map_curry(
2874		__isl_take isl_union_map *umap);
2875	__isl_give isl_union_map *isl_union_map_uncurry(
2876		__isl_take isl_union_map *umap);
2877
2878Given a relation with a nested relation for domain,
2879the C<curry> functions
2880move the range of the nested relation out of the domain
2881and use it as the domain of a nested relation in the range,
2882with the original range as range of this nested relation.
2883The C<uncurry> functions perform the inverse operation.
2884
2885=item * Aligning parameters
2886
2887	__isl_give isl_basic_set *isl_basic_set_align_params(
2888		__isl_take isl_basic_set *bset,
2889		__isl_take isl_space *model);
2890	__isl_give isl_set *isl_set_align_params(
2891		__isl_take isl_set *set,
2892		__isl_take isl_space *model);
2893	__isl_give isl_basic_map *isl_basic_map_align_params(
2894		__isl_take isl_basic_map *bmap,
2895		__isl_take isl_space *model);
2896	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_align_params(
2897		__isl_take isl_map *map,
2898		__isl_take isl_space *model);
2899
2900Change the order of the parameters of the given set or relation
2901such that the first parameters match those of C<model>.
2902This may involve the introduction of extra parameters.
2903All parameters need to be named.
2904
2905=item * Dimension manipulation
2906
2907	__isl_give isl_basic_set *isl_basic_set_add_dims(
2908		__isl_take isl_basic_set *bset,
2909		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned n);
2910	__isl_give isl_set *isl_set_add_dims(
2911		__isl_take isl_set *set,
2912		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned n);
2913	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_add_dims(
2914		__isl_take isl_map *map,
2915		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned n);
2916	__isl_give isl_basic_set *isl_basic_set_insert_dims(
2917		__isl_take isl_basic_set *bset,
2918		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos,
2919		unsigned n);
2920	__isl_give isl_basic_map *isl_basic_map_insert_dims(
2921		__isl_take isl_basic_map *bmap,
2922		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos,
2923		unsigned n);
2924	__isl_give isl_set *isl_set_insert_dims(
2925		__isl_take isl_set *set,
2926		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos, unsigned n);
2927	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_insert_dims(
2928		__isl_take isl_map *map,
2929		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos, unsigned n);
2930	__isl_give isl_basic_set *isl_basic_set_move_dims(
2931		__isl_take isl_basic_set *bset,
2932		enum isl_dim_type dst_type, unsigned dst_pos,
2933		enum isl_dim_type src_type, unsigned src_pos,
2934		unsigned n);
2935	__isl_give isl_basic_map *isl_basic_map_move_dims(
2936		__isl_take isl_basic_map *bmap,
2937		enum isl_dim_type dst_type, unsigned dst_pos,
2938		enum isl_dim_type src_type, unsigned src_pos,
2939		unsigned n);
2940	__isl_give isl_set *isl_set_move_dims(
2941		__isl_take isl_set *set,
2942		enum isl_dim_type dst_type, unsigned dst_pos,
2943		enum isl_dim_type src_type, unsigned src_pos,
2944		unsigned n);
2945	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_move_dims(
2946		__isl_take isl_map *map,
2947		enum isl_dim_type dst_type, unsigned dst_pos,
2948		enum isl_dim_type src_type, unsigned src_pos,
2949		unsigned n);
2950
2951It is usually not advisable to directly change the (input or output)
2952space of a set or a relation as this removes the name and the internal
2953structure of the space.  However, the above functions can be useful
2954to add new parameters, assuming
2955C<isl_set_align_params> and C<isl_map_align_params>
2956are not sufficient.
2957
2958=back
2959
2960=head2 Binary Operations
2961
2962The two arguments of a binary operation not only need to live
2963in the same C<isl_ctx>, they currently also need to have
2964the same (number of) parameters.
2965
2966=head3 Basic Operations
2967
2968=over
2969
2970=item * Intersection
2971
2972	__isl_give isl_basic_set *isl_basic_set_intersect_params(
2973		__isl_take isl_basic_set *bset1,
2974		__isl_take isl_basic_set *bset2);
2975	__isl_give isl_basic_set *isl_basic_set_intersect(
2976		__isl_take isl_basic_set *bset1,
2977		__isl_take isl_basic_set *bset2);
2978	__isl_give isl_set *isl_set_intersect_params(
2979		__isl_take isl_set *set,
2980		__isl_take isl_set *params);
2981	__isl_give isl_set *isl_set_intersect(
2982		__isl_take isl_set *set1,
2983		__isl_take isl_set *set2);
2984	__isl_give isl_union_set *isl_union_set_intersect_params(
2985		__isl_take isl_union_set *uset,
2986		__isl_take isl_set *set);
2987	__isl_give isl_union_map *isl_union_map_intersect_params(
2988		__isl_take isl_union_map *umap,
2989		__isl_take isl_set *set);
2990	__isl_give isl_union_set *isl_union_set_intersect(
2991		__isl_take isl_union_set *uset1,
2992		__isl_take isl_union_set *uset2);
2993	__isl_give isl_basic_map *isl_basic_map_intersect_domain(
2994		__isl_take isl_basic_map *bmap,
2995		__isl_take isl_basic_set *bset);
2996	__isl_give isl_basic_map *isl_basic_map_intersect_range(
2997		__isl_take isl_basic_map *bmap,
2998		__isl_take isl_basic_set *bset);
2999	__isl_give isl_basic_map *isl_basic_map_intersect(
3000		__isl_take isl_basic_map *bmap1,
3001		__isl_take isl_basic_map *bmap2);
3002	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_intersect_params(
3003		__isl_take isl_map *map,
3004		__isl_take isl_set *params);
3005	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_intersect_domain(
3006		__isl_take isl_map *map,
3007		__isl_take isl_set *set);
3008	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_intersect_range(
3009		__isl_take isl_map *map,
3010		__isl_take isl_set *set);
3011	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_intersect(
3012		__isl_take isl_map *map1,
3013		__isl_take isl_map *map2);
3014	__isl_give isl_union_map *isl_union_map_intersect_domain(
3015		__isl_take isl_union_map *umap,
3016		__isl_take isl_union_set *uset);
3017	__isl_give isl_union_map *isl_union_map_intersect_range(
3018		__isl_take isl_union_map *umap,
3019		__isl_take isl_union_set *uset);
3020	__isl_give isl_union_map *isl_union_map_intersect(
3021		__isl_take isl_union_map *umap1,
3022		__isl_take isl_union_map *umap2);
3023
3024The second argument to the C<_params> functions needs to be
3025a parametric (basic) set.  For the other functions, a parametric set
3026for either argument is only allowed if the other argument is
3027a parametric set as well.
3028
3029=item * Union
3030
3031	__isl_give isl_set *isl_basic_set_union(
3032		__isl_take isl_basic_set *bset1,
3033		__isl_take isl_basic_set *bset2);
3034	__isl_give isl_map *isl_basic_map_union(
3035		__isl_take isl_basic_map *bmap1,
3036		__isl_take isl_basic_map *bmap2);
3037	__isl_give isl_set *isl_set_union(
3038		__isl_take isl_set *set1,
3039		__isl_take isl_set *set2);
3040	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_union(
3041		__isl_take isl_map *map1,
3042		__isl_take isl_map *map2);
3043	__isl_give isl_union_set *isl_union_set_union(
3044		__isl_take isl_union_set *uset1,
3045		__isl_take isl_union_set *uset2);
3046	__isl_give isl_union_map *isl_union_map_union(
3047		__isl_take isl_union_map *umap1,
3048		__isl_take isl_union_map *umap2);
3049
3050=item * Set difference
3051
3052	__isl_give isl_set *isl_set_subtract(
3053		__isl_take isl_set *set1,
3054		__isl_take isl_set *set2);
3055	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_subtract(
3056		__isl_take isl_map *map1,
3057		__isl_take isl_map *map2);
3058	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_subtract_domain(
3059		__isl_take isl_map *map,
3060		__isl_take isl_set *dom);
3061	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_subtract_range(
3062		__isl_take isl_map *map,
3063		__isl_take isl_set *dom);
3064	__isl_give isl_union_set *isl_union_set_subtract(
3065		__isl_take isl_union_set *uset1,
3066		__isl_take isl_union_set *uset2);
3067	__isl_give isl_union_map *isl_union_map_subtract(
3068		__isl_take isl_union_map *umap1,
3069		__isl_take isl_union_map *umap2);
3070	__isl_give isl_union_map *isl_union_map_subtract_domain(
3071		__isl_take isl_union_map *umap,
3072		__isl_take isl_union_set *dom);
3073	__isl_give isl_union_map *isl_union_map_subtract_range(
3074		__isl_take isl_union_map *umap,
3075		__isl_take isl_union_set *dom);
3076
3077=item * Application
3078
3079	__isl_give isl_basic_set *isl_basic_set_apply(
3080		__isl_take isl_basic_set *bset,
3081		__isl_take isl_basic_map *bmap);
3082	__isl_give isl_set *isl_set_apply(
3083		__isl_take isl_set *set,
3084		__isl_take isl_map *map);
3085	__isl_give isl_union_set *isl_union_set_apply(
3086		__isl_take isl_union_set *uset,
3087		__isl_take isl_union_map *umap);
3088	__isl_give isl_basic_map *isl_basic_map_apply_domain(
3089		__isl_take isl_basic_map *bmap1,
3090		__isl_take isl_basic_map *bmap2);
3091	__isl_give isl_basic_map *isl_basic_map_apply_range(
3092		__isl_take isl_basic_map *bmap1,
3093		__isl_take isl_basic_map *bmap2);
3094	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_apply_domain(
3095		__isl_take isl_map *map1,
3096		__isl_take isl_map *map2);
3097	__isl_give isl_union_map *isl_union_map_apply_domain(
3098		__isl_take isl_union_map *umap1,
3099		__isl_take isl_union_map *umap2);
3100	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_apply_range(
3101		__isl_take isl_map *map1,
3102		__isl_take isl_map *map2);
3103	__isl_give isl_union_map *isl_union_map_apply_range(
3104		__isl_take isl_union_map *umap1,
3105		__isl_take isl_union_map *umap2);
3106
3107=item * Preimage
3108
3109	__isl_give isl_basic_set *
3110	isl_basic_set_preimage_multi_aff(
3111		__isl_take isl_basic_set *bset,
3112		__isl_take isl_multi_aff *ma);
3113	__isl_give isl_set *isl_set_preimage_multi_aff(
3114		__isl_take isl_set *set,
3115		__isl_take isl_multi_aff *ma);
3116	__isl_give isl_set *isl_set_preimage_pw_multi_aff(
3117		__isl_take isl_set *set,
3118		__isl_take isl_pw_multi_aff *pma);
3119	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_preimage_domain_multi_aff(
3120		__isl_take isl_map *map,
3121		__isl_take isl_multi_aff *ma);
3122	__isl_give isl_union_map *
3123	isl_union_map_preimage_domain_multi_aff(
3124		__isl_take isl_union_map *umap,
3125		__isl_take isl_multi_aff *ma);
3126
3127These functions compute the preimage of the given set or map domain under
3128the given function.  In other words, the expression is plugged
3129into the set description or into the domain of the map.
3130Objects of types C<isl_multi_aff> and C<isl_pw_multi_aff> are described in
3131L</"Piecewise Multiple Quasi Affine Expressions">.
3132
3133=item * Cartesian Product
3134
3135	__isl_give isl_set *isl_set_product(
3136		__isl_take isl_set *set1,
3137		__isl_take isl_set *set2);
3138	__isl_give isl_union_set *isl_union_set_product(
3139		__isl_take isl_union_set *uset1,
3140		__isl_take isl_union_set *uset2);
3141	__isl_give isl_basic_map *isl_basic_map_domain_product(
3142		__isl_take isl_basic_map *bmap1,
3143		__isl_take isl_basic_map *bmap2);
3144	__isl_give isl_basic_map *isl_basic_map_range_product(
3145		__isl_take isl_basic_map *bmap1,
3146		__isl_take isl_basic_map *bmap2);
3147	__isl_give isl_basic_map *isl_basic_map_product(
3148		__isl_take isl_basic_map *bmap1,
3149		__isl_take isl_basic_map *bmap2);
3150	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_domain_product(
3151		__isl_take isl_map *map1,
3152		__isl_take isl_map *map2);
3153	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_range_product(
3154		__isl_take isl_map *map1,
3155		__isl_take isl_map *map2);
3156	__isl_give isl_union_map *isl_union_map_domain_product(
3157		__isl_take isl_union_map *umap1,
3158		__isl_take isl_union_map *umap2);
3159	__isl_give isl_union_map *isl_union_map_range_product(
3160		__isl_take isl_union_map *umap1,
3161		__isl_take isl_union_map *umap2);
3162	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_product(
3163		__isl_take isl_map *map1,
3164		__isl_take isl_map *map2);
3165	__isl_give isl_union_map *isl_union_map_product(
3166		__isl_take isl_union_map *umap1,
3167		__isl_take isl_union_map *umap2);
3168
3169The above functions compute the cross product of the given
3170sets or relations.  The domains and ranges of the results
3171are wrapped maps between domains and ranges of the inputs.
3172To obtain a ``flat'' product, use the following functions
3173instead.
3174
3175	__isl_give isl_basic_set *isl_basic_set_flat_product(
3176		__isl_take isl_basic_set *bset1,
3177		__isl_take isl_basic_set *bset2);
3178	__isl_give isl_set *isl_set_flat_product(
3179		__isl_take isl_set *set1,
3180		__isl_take isl_set *set2);
3181	__isl_give isl_basic_map *isl_basic_map_flat_range_product(
3182		__isl_take isl_basic_map *bmap1,
3183		__isl_take isl_basic_map *bmap2);
3184	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_flat_domain_product(
3185		__isl_take isl_map *map1,
3186		__isl_take isl_map *map2);
3187	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_flat_range_product(
3188		__isl_take isl_map *map1,
3189		__isl_take isl_map *map2);
3190	__isl_give isl_union_map *isl_union_map_flat_range_product(
3191		__isl_take isl_union_map *umap1,
3192		__isl_take isl_union_map *umap2);
3193	__isl_give isl_basic_map *isl_basic_map_flat_product(
3194		__isl_take isl_basic_map *bmap1,
3195		__isl_take isl_basic_map *bmap2);
3196	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_flat_product(
3197		__isl_take isl_map *map1,
3198		__isl_take isl_map *map2);
3199
3200=item * Simplification
3201
3202	__isl_give isl_basic_set *isl_basic_set_gist(
3203		__isl_take isl_basic_set *bset,
3204		__isl_take isl_basic_set *context);
3205	__isl_give isl_set *isl_set_gist(__isl_take isl_set *set,
3206		__isl_take isl_set *context);
3207	__isl_give isl_set *isl_set_gist_params(
3208		__isl_take isl_set *set,
3209		__isl_take isl_set *context);
3210	__isl_give isl_union_set *isl_union_set_gist(
3211		__isl_take isl_union_set *uset,
3212		__isl_take isl_union_set *context);
3213	__isl_give isl_union_set *isl_union_set_gist_params(
3214		__isl_take isl_union_set *uset,
3215		__isl_take isl_set *set);
3216	__isl_give isl_basic_map *isl_basic_map_gist(
3217		__isl_take isl_basic_map *bmap,
3218		__isl_take isl_basic_map *context);
3219	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_gist(__isl_take isl_map *map,
3220		__isl_take isl_map *context);
3221	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_gist_params(
3222		__isl_take isl_map *map,
3223		__isl_take isl_set *context);
3224	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_gist_domain(
3225		__isl_take isl_map *map,
3226		__isl_take isl_set *context);
3227	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_gist_range(
3228		__isl_take isl_map *map,
3229		__isl_take isl_set *context);
3230	__isl_give isl_union_map *isl_union_map_gist(
3231		__isl_take isl_union_map *umap,
3232		__isl_take isl_union_map *context);
3233	__isl_give isl_union_map *isl_union_map_gist_params(
3234		__isl_take isl_union_map *umap,
3235		__isl_take isl_set *set);
3236	__isl_give isl_union_map *isl_union_map_gist_domain(
3237		__isl_take isl_union_map *umap,
3238		__isl_take isl_union_set *uset);
3239	__isl_give isl_union_map *isl_union_map_gist_range(
3240		__isl_take isl_union_map *umap,
3241		__isl_take isl_union_set *uset);
3242
3243The gist operation returns a set or relation that has the
3244same intersection with the context as the input set or relation.
3245Any implicit equality in the intersection is made explicit in the result,
3246while all inequalities that are redundant with respect to the intersection
3247are removed.
3248In case of union sets and relations, the gist operation is performed
3249per space.
3250
3251=back
3252
3253=head3 Lexicographic Optimization
3254
3255Given a (basic) set C<set> (or C<bset>) and a zero-dimensional domain C<dom>,
3256the following functions
3257compute a set that contains the lexicographic minimum or maximum
3258of the elements in C<set> (or C<bset>) for those values of the parameters
3259that satisfy C<dom>.
3260If C<empty> is not C<NULL>, then C<*empty> is assigned a set
3261that contains the parameter values in C<dom> for which C<set> (or C<bset>)
3262has no elements.
3263In other words, the union of the parameter values
3264for which the result is non-empty and of C<*empty>
3265is equal to C<dom>.
3266
3267	__isl_give isl_set *isl_basic_set_partial_lexmin(
3268		__isl_take isl_basic_set *bset,
3269		__isl_take isl_basic_set *dom,
3270		__isl_give isl_set **empty);
3271	__isl_give isl_set *isl_basic_set_partial_lexmax(
3272		__isl_take isl_basic_set *bset,
3273		__isl_take isl_basic_set *dom,
3274		__isl_give isl_set **empty);
3275	__isl_give isl_set *isl_set_partial_lexmin(
3276		__isl_take isl_set *set, __isl_take isl_set *dom,
3277		__isl_give isl_set **empty);
3278	__isl_give isl_set *isl_set_partial_lexmax(
3279		__isl_take isl_set *set, __isl_take isl_set *dom,
3280		__isl_give isl_set **empty);
3281
3282Given a (basic) set C<set> (or C<bset>), the following functions simply
3283return a set containing the lexicographic minimum or maximum
3284of the elements in C<set> (or C<bset>).
3285In case of union sets, the optimum is computed per space.
3286
3287	__isl_give isl_set *isl_basic_set_lexmin(
3288		__isl_take isl_basic_set *bset);
3289	__isl_give isl_set *isl_basic_set_lexmax(
3290		__isl_take isl_basic_set *bset);
3291	__isl_give isl_set *isl_set_lexmin(
3292		__isl_take isl_set *set);
3293	__isl_give isl_set *isl_set_lexmax(
3294		__isl_take isl_set *set);
3295	__isl_give isl_union_set *isl_union_set_lexmin(
3296		__isl_take isl_union_set *uset);
3297	__isl_give isl_union_set *isl_union_set_lexmax(
3298		__isl_take isl_union_set *uset);
3299
3300Given a (basic) relation C<map> (or C<bmap>) and a domain C<dom>,
3301the following functions
3302compute a relation that maps each element of C<dom>
3303to the single lexicographic minimum or maximum
3304of the elements that are associated to that same
3305element in C<map> (or C<bmap>).
3306If C<empty> is not C<NULL>, then C<*empty> is assigned a set
3307that contains the elements in C<dom> that do not map
3308to any elements in C<map> (or C<bmap>).
3309In other words, the union of the domain of the result and of C<*empty>
3310is equal to C<dom>.
3311
3312	__isl_give isl_map *isl_basic_map_partial_lexmax(
3313		__isl_take isl_basic_map *bmap,
3314		__isl_take isl_basic_set *dom,
3315		__isl_give isl_set **empty);
3316	__isl_give isl_map *isl_basic_map_partial_lexmin(
3317		__isl_take isl_basic_map *bmap,
3318		__isl_take isl_basic_set *dom,
3319		__isl_give isl_set **empty);
3320	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_partial_lexmax(
3321		__isl_take isl_map *map, __isl_take isl_set *dom,
3322		__isl_give isl_set **empty);
3323	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_partial_lexmin(
3324		__isl_take isl_map *map, __isl_take isl_set *dom,
3325		__isl_give isl_set **empty);
3326
3327Given a (basic) map C<map> (or C<bmap>), the following functions simply
3328return a map mapping each element in the domain of
3329C<map> (or C<bmap>) to the lexicographic minimum or maximum
3330of all elements associated to that element.
3331In case of union relations, the optimum is computed per space.
3332
3333	__isl_give isl_map *isl_basic_map_lexmin(
3334		__isl_take isl_basic_map *bmap);
3335	__isl_give isl_map *isl_basic_map_lexmax(
3336		__isl_take isl_basic_map *bmap);
3337	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_lexmin(
3338		__isl_take isl_map *map);
3339	__isl_give isl_map *isl_map_lexmax(
3340		__isl_take isl_map *map);
3341	__isl_give isl_union_map *isl_union_map_lexmin(
3342		__isl_take isl_union_map *umap);
3343	__isl_give isl_union_map *isl_union_map_lexmax(
3344		__isl_take isl_union_map *umap);
3345
3346The following functions return their result in the form of
3347a piecewise multi-affine expression
3348(See L<"Piecewise Multiple Quasi Affine Expressions">),
3349but are otherwise equivalent to the corresponding functions
3350returning a basic set or relation.
3351
3352	__isl_give isl_pw_multi_aff *
3353	isl_basic_map_lexmin_pw_multi_aff(
3354		__isl_take isl_basic_map *bmap);
3355	__isl_give isl_pw_multi_aff *
3356	isl_basic_set_partial_lexmin_pw_multi_aff(
3357		__isl_take isl_basic_set *bset,
3358		__isl_take isl_basic_set *dom,
3359		__isl_give isl_set **empty);
3360	__isl_give isl_pw_multi_aff *
3361	isl_basic_set_partial_lexmax_pw_multi_aff(
3362		__isl_take isl_basic_set *bset,
3363		__isl_take isl_basic_set *dom,
3364		__isl_give isl_set **empty);
3365	__isl_give isl_pw_multi_aff *
3366	isl_basic_map_partial_lexmin_pw_multi_aff(
3367		__isl_take isl_basic_map *bmap,
3368		__isl_take isl_basic_set *dom,
3369		__isl_give isl_set **empty);
3370	__isl_give isl_pw_multi_aff *
3371	isl_basic_map_partial_lexmax_pw_multi_aff(
3372		__isl_take isl_basic_map *bmap,
3373		__isl_take isl_basic_set *dom,
3374		__isl_give isl_set **empty);
3375	__isl_give isl_pw_multi_aff *isl_set_lexmin_pw_multi_aff(
3376		__isl_take isl_set *set);
3377	__isl_give isl_pw_multi_aff *isl_set_lexmax_pw_multi_aff(
3378		__isl_take isl_set *set);
3379	__isl_give isl_pw_multi_aff *isl_map_lexmin_pw_multi_aff(
3380		__isl_take isl_map *map);
3381	__isl_give isl_pw_multi_aff *isl_map_lexmax_pw_multi_aff(
3382		__isl_take isl_map *map);
3383
3384=head2 Lists
3385
3386Lists are defined over several element types, including
3387C<isl_val>, C<isl_id>, C<isl_aff>, C<isl_pw_aff>, C<isl_constraint>,
3388C<isl_basic_set>, C<isl_set>, C<isl_ast_expr> and C<isl_ast_node>.
3389Here we take lists of C<isl_set>s as an example.
3390Lists can be created, copied, modified and freed using the following functions.
3391
3392	#include <isl/list.h>
3393	__isl_give isl_set_list *isl_set_list_from_set(
3394		__isl_take isl_set *el);
3395	__isl_give isl_set_list *isl_set_list_alloc(
3396		isl_ctx *ctx, int n);
3397	__isl_give isl_set_list *isl_set_list_copy(
3398		__isl_keep isl_set_list *list);
3399	__isl_give isl_set_list *isl_set_list_insert(
3400		__isl_take isl_set_list *list, unsigned pos,
3401		__isl_take isl_set *el);
3402	__isl_give isl_set_list *isl_set_list_add(
3403		__isl_take isl_set_list *list,
3404		__isl_take isl_set *el);
3405	__isl_give isl_set_list *isl_set_list_drop(
3406		__isl_take isl_set_list *list,
3407		unsigned first, unsigned n);
3408	__isl_give isl_set_list *isl_set_list_set_set(
3409		__isl_take isl_set_list *list, int index,
3410		__isl_take isl_set *set);
3411	__isl_give isl_set_list *isl_set_list_concat(
3412		__isl_take isl_set_list *list1,
3413		__isl_take isl_set_list *list2);
3414	__isl_give isl_set_list *isl_set_list_sort(
3415		__isl_take isl_set_list *list,
3416		int (*cmp)(__isl_keep isl_set *a,
3417			__isl_keep isl_set *b, void *user),
3418		void *user);
3419	void *isl_set_list_free(__isl_take isl_set_list *list);
3420
3421C<isl_set_list_alloc> creates an empty list with a capacity for
3422C<n> elements.  C<isl_set_list_from_set> creates a list with a single
3423element.
3424
3425Lists can be inspected using the following functions.
3426
3427	#include <isl/list.h>
3428	isl_ctx *isl_set_list_get_ctx(__isl_keep isl_set_list *list);
3429	int isl_set_list_n_set(__isl_keep isl_set_list *list);
3430	__isl_give isl_set *isl_set_list_get_set(
3431		__isl_keep isl_set_list *list, int index);
3432	int isl_set_list_foreach(__isl_keep isl_set_list *list,
3433		int (*fn)(__isl_take isl_set *el, void *user),
3434		void *user);
3435	int isl_set_list_foreach_scc(__isl_keep isl_set_list *list,
3436		int (*follows)(__isl_keep isl_set *a,
3437			__isl_keep isl_set *b, void *user),
3438		void *follows_user
3439		int (*fn)(__isl_take isl_set *el, void *user),
3440		void *fn_user);
3441
3442The function C<isl_set_list_foreach_scc> calls C<fn> on each of the
3443strongly connected components of the graph with as vertices the elements
3444of C<list> and a directed edge from vertex C<b> to vertex C<a>
3445iff C<follows(a, b)> returns C<1>.  The callbacks C<follows> and C<fn>
3446should return C<-1> on error.
3447
3448Lists can be printed using
3449
3450	#include <isl/list.h>
3451	__isl_give isl_printer *isl_printer_print_set_list(
3452		__isl_take isl_printer *p,
3453		__isl_keep isl_set_list *list);
3454
3455=head2 Multiple Values
3456
3457An C<isl_multi_val> object represents a sequence of zero or more values,
3458living in a set space.
3459
3460An C<isl_multi_val> can be constructed from an C<isl_val_list>
3461using the following function
3462
3463	#include <isl/val.h>
3464	__isl_give isl_multi_val *isl_multi_val_from_val_list(
3465		__isl_take isl_space *space,
3466		__isl_take isl_val_list *list);
3467
3468The zero multiple value (with value zero for each set dimension)
3469can be created using the following function.
3470
3471	#include <isl/val.h>
3472	__isl_give isl_multi_val *isl_multi_val_zero(
3473		__isl_take isl_space *space);
3474
3475Multiple values can be copied and freed using
3476
3477	#include <isl/val.h>
3478	__isl_give isl_multi_val *isl_multi_val_copy(
3479		__isl_keep isl_multi_val *mv);
3480	void *isl_multi_val_free(__isl_take isl_multi_val *mv);
3481
3482They can be inspected using
3483
3484	#include <isl/val.h>
3485	isl_ctx *isl_multi_val_get_ctx(
3486		__isl_keep isl_multi_val *mv);
3487	unsigned isl_multi_val_dim(__isl_keep isl_multi_val *mv,
3488		enum isl_dim_type type);
3489	__isl_give isl_val *isl_multi_val_get_val(
3490		__isl_keep isl_multi_val *mv, int pos);
3491	const char *isl_multi_val_get_tuple_name(
3492		__isl_keep isl_multi_val *mv,
3493		enum isl_dim_type type);
3494
3495They can be modified using
3496
3497	#include <isl/val.h>
3498	__isl_give isl_multi_val *isl_multi_val_set_val(
3499		__isl_take isl_multi_val *mv, int pos,
3500		__isl_take isl_val *val);
3501	__isl_give isl_multi_val *isl_multi_val_set_dim_name(
3502		__isl_take isl_multi_val *mv,
3503		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos, const char *s);
3504	__isl_give isl_multi_val *isl_multi_val_set_tuple_name(
3505		__isl_take isl_multi_val *mv,
3506		enum isl_dim_type type, const char *s);
3507	__isl_give isl_multi_val *isl_multi_val_set_tuple_id(
3508		__isl_take isl_multi_val *mv,
3509		enum isl_dim_type type, __isl_take isl_id *id);
3510
3511	__isl_give isl_multi_val *isl_multi_val_insert_dims(
3512		__isl_take isl_multi_val *mv,
3513		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned first, unsigned n);
3514	__isl_give isl_multi_val *isl_multi_val_add_dims(
3515		__isl_take isl_multi_val *mv,
3516		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned n);
3517	__isl_give isl_multi_val *isl_multi_val_drop_dims(
3518		__isl_take isl_multi_val *mv,
3519		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned first, unsigned n);
3520
3521Operations include
3522
3523	#include <isl/val.h>
3524	__isl_give isl_multi_val *isl_multi_val_align_params(
3525		__isl_take isl_multi_val *mv,
3526		__isl_take isl_space *model);
3527	__isl_give isl_multi_val *isl_multi_val_range_splice(
3528		__isl_take isl_multi_val *mv1, unsigned pos,
3529		__isl_take isl_multi_val *mv2);
3530	__isl_give isl_multi_val *isl_multi_val_range_product(
3531		__isl_take isl_multi_val *mv1,
3532		__isl_take isl_multi_val *mv2);
3533	__isl_give isl_multi_val *isl_multi_val_flat_range_product(
3534		__isl_take isl_multi_val *mv1,
3535		__isl_take isl_multi_aff *mv2);
3536	__isl_give isl_multi_val *isl_multi_val_add_val(
3537		__isl_take isl_multi_val *mv,
3538		__isl_take isl_val *v);
3539	__isl_give isl_multi_val *isl_multi_val_mod_val(
3540		__isl_take isl_multi_val *mv,
3541		__isl_take isl_val *v);
3542	__isl_give isl_multi_val *isl_multi_val_scale_val(
3543		__isl_take isl_multi_val *mv,
3544		__isl_take isl_val *v);
3545	__isl_give isl_multi_val *isl_multi_val_scale_multi_val(
3546		__isl_take isl_multi_val *mv1,
3547		__isl_take isl_multi_val *mv2);
3548
3549=head2 Vectors
3550
3551Vectors can be created, copied and freed using the following functions.
3552
3553	#include <isl/vec.h>
3554	__isl_give isl_vec *isl_vec_alloc(isl_ctx *ctx,
3555		unsigned size);
3556	__isl_give isl_vec *isl_vec_copy(__isl_keep isl_vec *vec);
3557	void *isl_vec_free(__isl_take isl_vec *vec);
3558
3559Note that the elements of a newly created vector may have arbitrary values.
3560The elements can be changed and inspected using the following functions.
3561
3562	isl_ctx *isl_vec_get_ctx(__isl_keep isl_vec *vec);
3563	int isl_vec_size(__isl_keep isl_vec *vec);
3564	int isl_vec_get_element(__isl_keep isl_vec *vec,
3565		int pos, isl_int *v);
3566	__isl_give isl_val *isl_vec_get_element_val(
3567		__isl_keep isl_vec *vec, int pos);
3568	__isl_give isl_vec *isl_vec_set_element(
3569		__isl_take isl_vec *vec, int pos, isl_int v);
3570	__isl_give isl_vec *isl_vec_set_element_si(
3571		__isl_take isl_vec *vec, int pos, int v);
3572	__isl_give isl_vec *isl_vec_set_element_val(
3573		__isl_take isl_vec *vec, int pos,
3574		__isl_take isl_val *v);
3575	__isl_give isl_vec *isl_vec_set(__isl_take isl_vec *vec,
3576		isl_int v);
3577	__isl_give isl_vec *isl_vec_set_si(__isl_take isl_vec *vec,
3578		int v);
3579	__isl_give isl_vec *isl_vec_set_val(
3580		__isl_take isl_vec *vec, __isl_take isl_val *v);
3581	int isl_vec_cmp_element(__isl_keep isl_vec *vec1,
3582		__isl_keep isl_vec *vec2, int pos);
3583	__isl_give isl_vec *isl_vec_fdiv_r(__isl_take isl_vec *vec,
3584		isl_int m);
3585
3586C<isl_vec_get_element> will return a negative value if anything went wrong.
3587In that case, the value of C<*v> is undefined.
3588
3589The following function can be used to concatenate two vectors.
3590
3591	__isl_give isl_vec *isl_vec_concat(__isl_take isl_vec *vec1,
3592		__isl_take isl_vec *vec2);
3593
3594=head2 Matrices
3595
3596Matrices can be created, copied and freed using the following functions.
3597
3598	#include <isl/mat.h>
3599	__isl_give isl_mat *isl_mat_alloc(isl_ctx *ctx,
3600		unsigned n_row, unsigned n_col);
3601	__isl_give isl_mat *isl_mat_copy(__isl_keep isl_mat *mat);
3602	void *isl_mat_free(__isl_take isl_mat *mat);
3603
3604Note that the elements of a newly created matrix may have arbitrary values.
3605The elements can be changed and inspected using the following functions.
3606
3607	isl_ctx *isl_mat_get_ctx(__isl_keep isl_mat *mat);
3608	int isl_mat_rows(__isl_keep isl_mat *mat);
3609	int isl_mat_cols(__isl_keep isl_mat *mat);
3610	int isl_mat_get_element(__isl_keep isl_mat *mat,
3611		int row, int col, isl_int *v);
3612	__isl_give isl_val *isl_mat_get_element_val(
3613		__isl_keep isl_mat *mat, int row, int col);
3614	__isl_give isl_mat *isl_mat_set_element(__isl_take isl_mat *mat,
3615		int row, int col, isl_int v);
3616	__isl_give isl_mat *isl_mat_set_element_si(__isl_take isl_mat *mat,
3617		int row, int col, int v);
3618	__isl_give isl_mat *isl_mat_set_element_val(
3619		__isl_take isl_mat *mat, int row, int col,
3620		__isl_take isl_val *v);
3621
3622C<isl_mat_get_element> will return a negative value if anything went wrong.
3623In that case, the value of C<*v> is undefined.
3624
3625The following function can be used to compute the (right) inverse
3626of a matrix, i.e., a matrix such that the product of the original
3627and the inverse (in that order) is a multiple of the identity matrix.
3628The input matrix is assumed to be of full row-rank.
3629
3630	__isl_give isl_mat *isl_mat_right_inverse(__isl_take isl_mat *mat);
3631
3632The following function can be used to compute the (right) kernel
3633(or null space) of a matrix, i.e., a matrix such that the product of
3634the original and the kernel (in that order) is the zero matrix.
3635
3636	__isl_give isl_mat *isl_mat_right_kernel(__isl_take isl_mat *mat);
3637
3638=head2 Piecewise Quasi Affine Expressions
3639
3640The zero quasi affine expression or the quasi affine expression
3641that is equal to a specified dimension on a given domain can be created using
3642
3643	__isl_give isl_aff *isl_aff_zero_on_domain(
3644		__isl_take isl_local_space *ls);
3645	__isl_give isl_pw_aff *isl_pw_aff_zero_on_domain(
3646		__isl_take isl_local_space *ls);
3647	__isl_give isl_aff *isl_aff_var_on_domain(
3648		__isl_take isl_local_space *ls,
3649		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos);
3650	__isl_give isl_pw_aff *isl_pw_aff_var_on_domain(
3651		__isl_take isl_local_space *ls,
3652		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos);
3653
3654Note that the space in which the resulting objects live is a map space
3655with the given space as domain and a one-dimensional range.
3656
3657An empty piecewise quasi affine expression (one with no cells)
3658or a piecewise quasi affine expression with a single cell can
3659be created using the following functions.
3660
3661	#include <isl/aff.h>
3662	__isl_give isl_pw_aff *isl_pw_aff_empty(
3663		__isl_take isl_space *space);
3664	__isl_give isl_pw_aff *isl_pw_aff_alloc(
3665		__isl_take isl_set *set, __isl_take isl_aff *aff);
3666	__isl_give isl_pw_aff *isl_pw_aff_from_aff(
3667		__isl_take isl_aff *aff);
3668
3669A piecewise quasi affine expression that is equal to 1 on a set
3670and 0 outside the set can be created using the following function.
3671
3672	#include <isl/aff.h>
3673	__isl_give isl_pw_aff *isl_set_indicator_function(
3674		__isl_take isl_set *set);
3675
3676Quasi affine expressions can be copied and freed using
3677
3678	#include <isl/aff.h>
3679	__isl_give isl_aff *isl_aff_copy(__isl_keep isl_aff *aff);
3680	void *isl_aff_free(__isl_take isl_aff *aff);
3681
3682	__isl_give isl_pw_aff *isl_pw_aff_copy(
3683		__isl_keep isl_pw_aff *pwaff);
3684	void *isl_pw_aff_free(__isl_take isl_pw_aff *pwaff);
3685
3686A (rational) bound on a dimension can be extracted from an C<isl_constraint>
3687using the following function.  The constraint is required to have
3688a non-zero coefficient for the specified dimension.
3689
3690	#include <isl/constraint.h>
3691	__isl_give isl_aff *isl_constraint_get_bound(
3692		__isl_keep isl_constraint *constraint,
3693		enum isl_dim_type type, int pos);
3694
3695The entire affine expression of the constraint can also be extracted
3696using the following function.
3697
3698	#include <isl/constraint.h>
3699	__isl_give isl_aff *isl_constraint_get_aff(
3700		__isl_keep isl_constraint *constraint);
3701
3702Conversely, an equality constraint equating
3703the affine expression to zero or an inequality constraint enforcing
3704the affine expression to be non-negative, can be constructed using
3705
3706	__isl_give isl_constraint *isl_equality_from_aff(
3707		__isl_take isl_aff *aff);
3708	__isl_give isl_constraint *isl_inequality_from_aff(
3709		__isl_take isl_aff *aff);
3710
3711The expression can be inspected using
3712
3713	#include <isl/aff.h>
3714	isl_ctx *isl_aff_get_ctx(__isl_keep isl_aff *aff);
3715	int isl_aff_dim(__isl_keep isl_aff *aff,
3716		enum isl_dim_type type);
3717	__isl_give isl_local_space *isl_aff_get_domain_local_space(
3718		__isl_keep isl_aff *aff);
3719	__isl_give isl_local_space *isl_aff_get_local_space(
3720		__isl_keep isl_aff *aff);
3721	const char *isl_aff_get_dim_name(__isl_keep isl_aff *aff,
3722		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos);
3723	const char *isl_pw_aff_get_dim_name(
3724		__isl_keep isl_pw_aff *pa,
3725		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos);
3726	int isl_pw_aff_has_dim_id(__isl_keep isl_pw_aff *pa,
3727		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos);
3728	__isl_give isl_id *isl_pw_aff_get_dim_id(
3729		__isl_keep isl_pw_aff *pa,
3730		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos);
3731	__isl_give isl_id *isl_pw_aff_get_tuple_id(
3732		__isl_keep isl_pw_aff *pa,
3733		enum isl_dim_type type);
3734	int isl_aff_get_constant(__isl_keep isl_aff *aff,
3735		isl_int *v);
3736	__isl_give isl_val *isl_aff_get_constant_val(
3737		__isl_keep isl_aff *aff);
3738	int isl_aff_get_coefficient(__isl_keep isl_aff *aff,
3739		enum isl_dim_type type, int pos, isl_int *v);
3740	__isl_give isl_val *isl_aff_get_coefficient_val(
3741		__isl_keep isl_aff *aff,
3742		enum isl_dim_type type, int pos);
3743	int isl_aff_get_denominator(__isl_keep isl_aff *aff,
3744		isl_int *v);
3745	__isl_give isl_val *isl_aff_get_denominator_val(
3746		__isl_keep isl_aff *aff);
3747	__isl_give isl_aff *isl_aff_get_div(
3748		__isl_keep isl_aff *aff, int pos);
3749
3750	int isl_pw_aff_n_piece(__isl_keep isl_pw_aff *pwaff);
3751	int isl_pw_aff_foreach_piece(__isl_keep isl_pw_aff *pwaff,
3752		int (*fn)(__isl_take isl_set *set,
3753			  __isl_take isl_aff *aff,
3754			  void *user), void *user);
3755
3756	int isl_aff_is_cst(__isl_keep isl_aff *aff);
3757	int isl_pw_aff_is_cst(__isl_keep isl_pw_aff *pwaff);
3758
3759	int isl_aff_involves_dims(__isl_keep isl_aff *aff,
3760		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned first, unsigned n);
3761	int isl_pw_aff_involves_dims(__isl_keep isl_pw_aff *pwaff,
3762		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned first, unsigned n);
3763
3764	isl_ctx *isl_pw_aff_get_ctx(__isl_keep isl_pw_aff *pwaff);
3765	unsigned isl_pw_aff_dim(__isl_keep isl_pw_aff *pwaff,
3766		enum isl_dim_type type);
3767	int isl_pw_aff_is_empty(__isl_keep isl_pw_aff *pwaff);
3768
3769It can be modified using
3770
3771	#include <isl/aff.h>
3772	__isl_give isl_pw_aff *isl_pw_aff_set_tuple_id(
3773		__isl_take isl_pw_aff *pwaff,
3774		enum isl_dim_type type, __isl_take isl_id *id);
3775	__isl_give isl_aff *isl_aff_set_dim_name(
3776		__isl_take isl_aff *aff, enum isl_dim_type type,
3777		unsigned pos, const char *s);
3778	__isl_give isl_aff *isl_aff_set_dim_id(
3779		__isl_take isl_aff *aff, enum isl_dim_type type,
3780		unsigned pos, __isl_take isl_id *id);
3781	__isl_give isl_pw_aff *isl_pw_aff_set_dim_id(
3782		__isl_take isl_pw_aff *pma,
3783		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos,
3784		__isl_take isl_id *id);
3785	__isl_give isl_aff *isl_aff_set_constant(
3786		__isl_take isl_aff *aff, isl_int v);
3787	__isl_give isl_aff *isl_aff_set_constant_si(
3788		__isl_take isl_aff *aff, int v);
3789	__isl_give isl_aff *isl_aff_set_constant_val(
3790		__isl_take isl_aff *aff, __isl_take isl_val *v);
3791	__isl_give isl_aff *isl_aff_set_coefficient(
3792		__isl_take isl_aff *aff,
3793		enum isl_dim_type type, int pos, isl_int v);
3794	__isl_give isl_aff *isl_aff_set_coefficient_si(
3795		__isl_take isl_aff *aff,
3796		enum isl_dim_type type, int pos, int v);
3797	__isl_give isl_aff *isl_aff_set_coefficient_val(
3798		__isl_take isl_aff *aff,
3799		enum isl_dim_type type, int pos,
3800		__isl_take isl_val *v);
3801	__isl_give isl_aff *isl_aff_set_denominator(
3802		__isl_take isl_aff *aff, isl_int v);
3803
3804	__isl_give isl_aff *isl_aff_add_constant(
3805		__isl_take isl_aff *aff, isl_int v);
3806	__isl_give isl_aff *isl_aff_add_constant_si(
3807		__isl_take isl_aff *aff, int v);
3808	__isl_give isl_aff *isl_aff_add_constant_val(
3809		__isl_take isl_aff *aff, __isl_take isl_val *v);
3810	__isl_give isl_aff *isl_aff_add_constant_num(
3811		__isl_take isl_aff *aff, isl_int v);
3812	__isl_give isl_aff *isl_aff_add_constant_num_si(
3813		__isl_take isl_aff *aff, int v);
3814	__isl_give isl_aff *isl_aff_add_coefficient(
3815		__isl_take isl_aff *aff,
3816		enum isl_dim_type type, int pos, isl_int v);
3817	__isl_give isl_aff *isl_aff_add_coefficient_si(
3818		__isl_take isl_aff *aff,
3819		enum isl_dim_type type, int pos, int v);
3820	__isl_give isl_aff *isl_aff_add_coefficient_val(
3821		__isl_take isl_aff *aff,
3822		enum isl_dim_type type, int pos,
3823		__isl_take isl_val *v);
3824
3825	__isl_give isl_aff *isl_aff_insert_dims(
3826		__isl_take isl_aff *aff,
3827		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned first, unsigned n);
3828	__isl_give isl_pw_aff *isl_pw_aff_insert_dims(
3829		__isl_take isl_pw_aff *pwaff,
3830		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned first, unsigned n);
3831	__isl_give isl_aff *isl_aff_add_dims(
3832		__isl_take isl_aff *aff,
3833		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned n);
3834	__isl_give isl_pw_aff *isl_pw_aff_add_dims(
3835		__isl_take isl_pw_aff *pwaff,
3836		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned n);
3837	__isl_give isl_aff *isl_aff_drop_dims(
3838		__isl_take isl_aff *aff,
3839		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned first, unsigned n);
3840	__isl_give isl_pw_aff *isl_pw_aff_drop_dims(
3841		__isl_take isl_pw_aff *pwaff,
3842		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned first, unsigned n);
3843
3844Note that C<isl_aff_set_constant>, C<isl_aff_set_constant_si>,
3845C<isl_aff_set_coefficient> and C<isl_aff_set_coefficient_si>
3846set the I<numerator> of the constant or coefficient, while
3847C<isl_aff_set_constant_val> and C<isl_aff_set_coefficient_val> set
3848the constant or coefficient as a whole.
3849The C<add_constant> and C<add_coefficient> functions add an integer
3850or rational value to
3851the possibly rational constant or coefficient.
3852The C<add_constant_num> functions add an integer value to
3853the numerator.
3854
3855To check whether an affine expressions is obviously zero
3856or obviously equal to some other affine expression, use
3857
3858	#include <isl/aff.h>
3859	int isl_aff_plain_is_zero(__isl_keep isl_aff *aff);
3860	int isl_aff_plain_is_equal(__isl_keep isl_aff *aff1,
3861		__isl_keep isl_aff *aff2);
3862	int isl_pw_aff_plain_is_equal(
3863		__isl_keep isl_pw_aff *pwaff1,
3864		__isl_keep isl_pw_aff *pwaff2);
3865
3866Operations include
3867
3868	#include <isl/aff.h>
3869	__isl_give isl_aff *isl_aff_add(__isl_take isl_aff *aff1,
3870		__isl_take isl_aff *aff2);
3871	__isl_give isl_pw_aff *isl_pw_aff_add(
3872		__isl_take isl_pw_aff *pwaff1,
3873		__isl_take isl_pw_aff *pwaff2);
3874	__isl_give isl_pw_aff *isl_pw_aff_min(
3875		__isl_take isl_pw_aff *pwaff1,
3876		__isl_take isl_pw_aff *pwaff2);
3877	__isl_give isl_pw_aff *isl_pw_aff_max(
3878		__isl_take isl_pw_aff *pwaff1,
3879		__isl_take isl_pw_aff *pwaff2);
3880	__isl_give isl_aff *isl_aff_sub(__isl_take isl_aff *aff1,
3881		__isl_take isl_aff *aff2);
3882	__isl_give isl_pw_aff *isl_pw_aff_sub(
3883		__isl_take isl_pw_aff *pwaff1,
3884		__isl_take isl_pw_aff *pwaff2);
3885	__isl_give isl_aff *isl_aff_neg(__isl_take isl_aff *aff);
3886	__isl_give isl_pw_aff *isl_pw_aff_neg(
3887		__isl_take isl_pw_aff *pwaff);
3888	__isl_give isl_aff *isl_aff_ceil(__isl_take isl_aff *aff);
3889	__isl_give isl_pw_aff *isl_pw_aff_ceil(
3890		__isl_take isl_pw_aff *pwaff);
3891	__isl_give isl_aff *isl_aff_floor(__isl_take isl_aff *aff);
3892	__isl_give isl_pw_aff *isl_pw_aff_floor(
3893		__isl_take isl_pw_aff *pwaff);
3894	__isl_give isl_aff *isl_aff_mod(__isl_take isl_aff *aff,
3895		isl_int mod);
3896	__isl_give isl_aff *isl_aff_mod_val(__isl_take isl_aff *aff,
3897		__isl_take isl_val *mod);
3898	__isl_give isl_pw_aff *isl_pw_aff_mod(
3899		__isl_take isl_pw_aff *pwaff, isl_int mod);
3900	__isl_give isl_pw_aff *isl_pw_aff_mod_val(
3901		__isl_take isl_pw_aff *pa,
3902		__isl_take isl_val *mod);
3903	__isl_give isl_aff *isl_aff_scale(__isl_take isl_aff *aff,
3904		isl_int f);
3905	__isl_give isl_aff *isl_aff_scale_val(__isl_take isl_aff *aff,
3906		__isl_take isl_val *v);
3907	__isl_give isl_pw_aff *isl_pw_aff_scale(
3908		__isl_take isl_pw_aff *pwaff, isl_int f);
3909	__isl_give isl_pw_aff *isl_pw_aff_scale_val(
3910		__isl_take isl_pw_aff *pa, __isl_take isl_val *v);
3911	__isl_give isl_aff *isl_aff_scale_down(__isl_take isl_aff *aff,
3912		isl_int f);
3913	__isl_give isl_aff *isl_aff_scale_down_ui(
3914		__isl_take isl_aff *aff, unsigned f);
3915	__isl_give isl_aff *isl_aff_scale_down_val(
3916		__isl_take isl_aff *aff, __isl_take isl_val *v);
3917	__isl_give isl_pw_aff *isl_pw_aff_scale_down(
3918		__isl_take isl_pw_aff *pwaff, isl_int f);
3919	__isl_give isl_pw_aff *isl_pw_aff_scale_down_val(
3920		__isl_take isl_pw_aff *pa,
3921		__isl_take isl_val *f);
3922
3923	__isl_give isl_pw_aff *isl_pw_aff_list_min(
3924		__isl_take isl_pw_aff_list *list);
3925	__isl_give isl_pw_aff *isl_pw_aff_list_max(
3926		__isl_take isl_pw_aff_list *list);
3927
3928	__isl_give isl_pw_aff *isl_pw_aff_coalesce(
3929		__isl_take isl_pw_aff *pwqp);
3930
3931	__isl_give isl_aff *isl_aff_align_params(
3932		__isl_take isl_aff *aff,
3933		__isl_take isl_space *model);
3934	__isl_give isl_pw_aff *isl_pw_aff_align_params(
3935		__isl_take isl_pw_aff *pwaff,
3936		__isl_take isl_space *model);
3937
3938	__isl_give isl_aff *isl_aff_project_domain_on_params(
3939		__isl_take isl_aff *aff);
3940
3941	__isl_give isl_aff *isl_aff_gist_params(
3942		__isl_take isl_aff *aff,
3943		__isl_take isl_set *context);
3944	__isl_give isl_aff *isl_aff_gist(__isl_take isl_aff *aff,
3945		__isl_take isl_set *context);
3946	__isl_give isl_pw_aff *isl_pw_aff_gist_params(
3947		__isl_take isl_pw_aff *pwaff,
3948		__isl_take isl_set *context);
3949	__isl_give isl_pw_aff *isl_pw_aff_gist(
3950		__isl_take isl_pw_aff *pwaff,
3951		__isl_take isl_set *context);
3952
3953	__isl_give isl_set *isl_pw_aff_domain(
3954		__isl_take isl_pw_aff *pwaff);
3955	__isl_give isl_pw_aff *isl_pw_aff_intersect_domain(
3956		__isl_take isl_pw_aff *pa,
3957		__isl_take isl_set *set);
3958	__isl_give isl_pw_aff *isl_pw_aff_intersect_params(
3959		__isl_take isl_pw_aff *pa,
3960		__isl_take isl_set *set);
3961
3962	__isl_give isl_aff *isl_aff_mul(__isl_take isl_aff *aff1,
3963		__isl_take isl_aff *aff2);
3964	__isl_give isl_aff *isl_aff_div(__isl_take isl_aff *aff1,
3965		__isl_take isl_aff *aff2);
3966	__isl_give isl_pw_aff *isl_pw_aff_mul(
3967		__isl_take isl_pw_aff *pwaff1,
3968		__isl_take isl_pw_aff *pwaff2);
3969	__isl_give isl_pw_aff *isl_pw_aff_div(
3970		__isl_take isl_pw_aff *pa1,
3971		__isl_take isl_pw_aff *pa2);
3972	__isl_give isl_pw_aff *isl_pw_aff_tdiv_q(
3973		__isl_take isl_pw_aff *pa1,
3974		__isl_take isl_pw_aff *pa2);
3975	__isl_give isl_pw_aff *isl_pw_aff_tdiv_r(
3976		__isl_take isl_pw_aff *pa1,
3977		__isl_take isl_pw_aff *pa2);
3978
3979When multiplying two affine expressions, at least one of the two needs
3980to be a constant.  Similarly, when dividing an affine expression by another,
3981the second expression needs to be a constant.
3982C<isl_pw_aff_tdiv_q> computes the quotient of an integer division with
3983rounding towards zero.  C<isl_pw_aff_tdiv_r> computes the corresponding
3984remainder.
3985
3986	#include <isl/aff.h>
3987	__isl_give isl_aff *isl_aff_pullback_multi_aff(
3988		__isl_take isl_aff *aff,
3989		__isl_take isl_multi_aff *ma);
3990	__isl_give isl_pw_aff *isl_pw_aff_pullback_multi_aff(
3991		__isl_take isl_pw_aff *pa,
3992		__isl_take isl_multi_aff *ma);
3993	__isl_give isl_pw_aff *isl_pw_aff_pullback_pw_multi_aff(
3994		__isl_take isl_pw_aff *pa,
3995		__isl_take isl_pw_multi_aff *pma);
3996
3997These functions precompose the input expression by the given
3998C<isl_multi_aff> or C<isl_pw_multi_aff>.  In other words,
3999the C<isl_multi_aff> or C<isl_pw_multi_aff> is plugged
4000into the (piecewise) affine expression.
4001Objects of type C<isl_multi_aff> are described in
4002L</"Piecewise Multiple Quasi Affine Expressions">.
4003
4004	#include <isl/aff.h>
4005	__isl_give isl_basic_set *isl_aff_zero_basic_set(
4006		__isl_take isl_aff *aff);
4007	__isl_give isl_basic_set *isl_aff_neg_basic_set(
4008		__isl_take isl_aff *aff);
4009	__isl_give isl_basic_set *isl_aff_le_basic_set(
4010		__isl_take isl_aff *aff1, __isl_take isl_aff *aff2);
4011	__isl_give isl_basic_set *isl_aff_ge_basic_set(
4012		__isl_take isl_aff *aff1, __isl_take isl_aff *aff2);
4013	__isl_give isl_set *isl_pw_aff_eq_set(
4014		__isl_take isl_pw_aff *pwaff1,
4015		__isl_take isl_pw_aff *pwaff2);
4016	__isl_give isl_set *isl_pw_aff_ne_set(
4017		__isl_take isl_pw_aff *pwaff1,
4018		__isl_take isl_pw_aff *pwaff2);
4019	__isl_give isl_set *isl_pw_aff_le_set(
4020		__isl_take isl_pw_aff *pwaff1,
4021		__isl_take isl_pw_aff *pwaff2);
4022	__isl_give isl_set *isl_pw_aff_lt_set(
4023		__isl_take isl_pw_aff *pwaff1,
4024		__isl_take isl_pw_aff *pwaff2);
4025	__isl_give isl_set *isl_pw_aff_ge_set(
4026		__isl_take isl_pw_aff *pwaff1,
4027		__isl_take isl_pw_aff *pwaff2);
4028	__isl_give isl_set *isl_pw_aff_gt_set(
4029		__isl_take isl_pw_aff *pwaff1,
4030		__isl_take isl_pw_aff *pwaff2);
4031
4032	__isl_give isl_set *isl_pw_aff_list_eq_set(
4033		__isl_take isl_pw_aff_list *list1,
4034		__isl_take isl_pw_aff_list *list2);
4035	__isl_give isl_set *isl_pw_aff_list_ne_set(
4036		__isl_take isl_pw_aff_list *list1,
4037		__isl_take isl_pw_aff_list *list2);
4038	__isl_give isl_set *isl_pw_aff_list_le_set(
4039		__isl_take isl_pw_aff_list *list1,
4040		__isl_take isl_pw_aff_list *list2);
4041	__isl_give isl_set *isl_pw_aff_list_lt_set(
4042		__isl_take isl_pw_aff_list *list1,
4043		__isl_take isl_pw_aff_list *list2);
4044	__isl_give isl_set *isl_pw_aff_list_ge_set(
4045		__isl_take isl_pw_aff_list *list1,
4046		__isl_take isl_pw_aff_list *list2);
4047	__isl_give isl_set *isl_pw_aff_list_gt_set(
4048		__isl_take isl_pw_aff_list *list1,
4049		__isl_take isl_pw_aff_list *list2);
4050
4051The function C<isl_aff_neg_basic_set> returns a basic set
4052containing those elements in the domain space
4053of C<aff> where C<aff> is negative.
4054The function C<isl_aff_ge_basic_set> returns a basic set
4055containing those elements in the shared space
4056of C<aff1> and C<aff2> where C<aff1> is greater than or equal to C<aff2>.
4057The function C<isl_pw_aff_ge_set> returns a set
4058containing those elements in the shared domain
4059of C<pwaff1> and C<pwaff2> where C<pwaff1> is greater than or equal to C<pwaff2>.
4060The functions operating on C<isl_pw_aff_list> apply the corresponding
4061C<isl_pw_aff> function to each pair of elements in the two lists.
4062
4063	#include <isl/aff.h>
4064	__isl_give isl_set *isl_pw_aff_nonneg_set(
4065		__isl_take isl_pw_aff *pwaff);
4066	__isl_give isl_set *isl_pw_aff_zero_set(
4067		__isl_take isl_pw_aff *pwaff);
4068	__isl_give isl_set *isl_pw_aff_non_zero_set(
4069		__isl_take isl_pw_aff *pwaff);
4070
4071The function C<isl_pw_aff_nonneg_set> returns a set
4072containing those elements in the domain
4073of C<pwaff> where C<pwaff> is non-negative.
4074
4075	#include <isl/aff.h>
4076	__isl_give isl_pw_aff *isl_pw_aff_cond(
4077		__isl_take isl_pw_aff *cond,
4078		__isl_take isl_pw_aff *pwaff_true,
4079		__isl_take isl_pw_aff *pwaff_false);
4080
4081The function C<isl_pw_aff_cond> performs a conditional operator
4082and returns an expression that is equal to C<pwaff_true>
4083for elements where C<cond> is non-zero and equal to C<pwaff_false> for elements
4084where C<cond> is zero.
4085
4086	#include <isl/aff.h>
4087	__isl_give isl_pw_aff *isl_pw_aff_union_min(
4088		__isl_take isl_pw_aff *pwaff1,
4089		__isl_take isl_pw_aff *pwaff2);
4090	__isl_give isl_pw_aff *isl_pw_aff_union_max(
4091		__isl_take isl_pw_aff *pwaff1,
4092		__isl_take isl_pw_aff *pwaff2);
4093	__isl_give isl_pw_aff *isl_pw_aff_union_add(
4094		__isl_take isl_pw_aff *pwaff1,
4095		__isl_take isl_pw_aff *pwaff2);
4096
4097The function C<isl_pw_aff_union_max> computes a piecewise quasi-affine
4098expression with a domain that is the union of those of C<pwaff1> and
4099C<pwaff2> and such that on each cell, the quasi-affine expression is
4100the maximum of those of C<pwaff1> and C<pwaff2>.  If only one of
4101C<pwaff1> or C<pwaff2> is defined on a given cell, then the
4102associated expression is the defined one.
4103
4104An expression can be read from input using
4105
4106	#include <isl/aff.h>
4107	__isl_give isl_aff *isl_aff_read_from_str(
4108		isl_ctx *ctx, const char *str);
4109	__isl_give isl_pw_aff *isl_pw_aff_read_from_str(
4110		isl_ctx *ctx, const char *str);
4111
4112An expression can be printed using
4113
4114	#include <isl/aff.h>
4115	__isl_give isl_printer *isl_printer_print_aff(
4116		__isl_take isl_printer *p, __isl_keep isl_aff *aff);
4117
4118	__isl_give isl_printer *isl_printer_print_pw_aff(
4119		__isl_take isl_printer *p,
4120		__isl_keep isl_pw_aff *pwaff);
4121
4122=head2 Piecewise Multiple Quasi Affine Expressions
4123
4124An C<isl_multi_aff> object represents a sequence of
4125zero or more affine expressions, all defined on the same domain space.
4126Similarly, an C<isl_multi_pw_aff> object represents a sequence of
4127zero or more piecewise affine expressions.
4128
4129An C<isl_multi_aff> can be constructed from a single
4130C<isl_aff> or an C<isl_aff_list> using the
4131following functions.  Similarly for C<isl_multi_pw_aff>.
4132
4133	#include <isl/aff.h>
4134	__isl_give isl_multi_aff *isl_multi_aff_from_aff(
4135		__isl_take isl_aff *aff);
4136	__isl_give isl_multi_pw_aff *isl_multi_pw_aff_from_pw_aff(
4137		__isl_take isl_pw_aff *pa);
4138	__isl_give isl_multi_aff *isl_multi_aff_from_aff_list(
4139		__isl_take isl_space *space,
4140		__isl_take isl_aff_list *list);
4141
4142An empty piecewise multiple quasi affine expression (one with no cells),
4143the zero piecewise multiple quasi affine expression (with value zero
4144for each output dimension),
4145a piecewise multiple quasi affine expression with a single cell (with
4146either a universe or a specified domain) or
4147a zero-dimensional piecewise multiple quasi affine expression
4148on a given domain
4149can be created using the following functions.
4150
4151	#include <isl/aff.h>
4152	__isl_give isl_pw_multi_aff *isl_pw_multi_aff_empty(
4153		__isl_take isl_space *space);
4154	__isl_give isl_multi_aff *isl_multi_aff_zero(
4155		__isl_take isl_space *space);
4156	__isl_give isl_multi_pw_aff *isl_multi_pw_aff_zero(
4157		__isl_take isl_space *space);
4158	__isl_give isl_multi_aff *isl_multi_aff_identity(
4159		__isl_take isl_space *space);
4160	__isl_give isl_pw_multi_aff *isl_pw_multi_aff_identity(
4161		__isl_take isl_space *space);
4162	__isl_give isl_multi_pw_aff *isl_multi_pw_aff_identity(
4163		__isl_take isl_space *space);
4164	__isl_give isl_pw_multi_aff *
4165	isl_pw_multi_aff_from_multi_aff(
4166		__isl_take isl_multi_aff *ma);
4167	__isl_give isl_pw_multi_aff *isl_pw_multi_aff_alloc(
4168		__isl_take isl_set *set,
4169		__isl_take isl_multi_aff *maff);
4170	__isl_give isl_pw_multi_aff *isl_pw_multi_aff_from_domain(
4171		__isl_take isl_set *set);
4172
4173	__isl_give isl_union_pw_multi_aff *
4174	isl_union_pw_multi_aff_empty(
4175		__isl_take isl_space *space);
4176	__isl_give isl_union_pw_multi_aff *
4177	isl_union_pw_multi_aff_add_pw_multi_aff(
4178		__isl_take isl_union_pw_multi_aff *upma,
4179		__isl_take isl_pw_multi_aff *pma);
4180	__isl_give isl_union_pw_multi_aff *
4181	isl_union_pw_multi_aff_from_domain(
4182		__isl_take isl_union_set *uset);
4183
4184A piecewise multiple quasi affine expression can also be initialized
4185from an C<isl_set> or C<isl_map>, provided the C<isl_set> is a singleton
4186and the C<isl_map> is single-valued.
4187In case of a conversion from an C<isl_union_set> or an C<isl_union_map>
4188to an C<isl_union_pw_multi_aff>, these properties need to hold in each space.
4189
4190	__isl_give isl_pw_multi_aff *isl_pw_multi_aff_from_set(
4191		__isl_take isl_set *set);
4192	__isl_give isl_pw_multi_aff *isl_pw_multi_aff_from_map(
4193		__isl_take isl_map *map);
4194
4195	__isl_give isl_union_pw_multi_aff *
4196	isl_union_pw_multi_aff_from_union_set(
4197		__isl_take isl_union_set *uset);
4198	__isl_give isl_union_pw_multi_aff *
4199	isl_union_pw_multi_aff_from_union_map(
4200		__isl_take isl_union_map *umap);
4201
4202Multiple quasi affine expressions can be copied and freed using
4203
4204	#include <isl/aff.h>
4205	__isl_give isl_multi_aff *isl_multi_aff_copy(
4206		__isl_keep isl_multi_aff *maff);
4207	void *isl_multi_aff_free(__isl_take isl_multi_aff *maff);
4208
4209	__isl_give isl_pw_multi_aff *isl_pw_multi_aff_copy(
4210		__isl_keep isl_pw_multi_aff *pma);
4211	void *isl_pw_multi_aff_free(
4212		__isl_take isl_pw_multi_aff *pma);
4213
4214	__isl_give isl_union_pw_multi_aff *
4215	isl_union_pw_multi_aff_copy(
4216		__isl_keep isl_union_pw_multi_aff *upma);
4217	void *isl_union_pw_multi_aff_free(
4218		__isl_take isl_union_pw_multi_aff *upma);
4219
4220	__isl_give isl_multi_pw_aff *isl_multi_pw_aff_copy(
4221		__isl_keep isl_multi_pw_aff *mpa);
4222	void *isl_multi_pw_aff_free(
4223		__isl_take isl_multi_pw_aff *mpa);
4224
4225The expression can be inspected using
4226
4227	#include <isl/aff.h>
4228	isl_ctx *isl_multi_aff_get_ctx(
4229		__isl_keep isl_multi_aff *maff);
4230	isl_ctx *isl_pw_multi_aff_get_ctx(
4231		__isl_keep isl_pw_multi_aff *pma);
4232	isl_ctx *isl_union_pw_multi_aff_get_ctx(
4233		__isl_keep isl_union_pw_multi_aff *upma);
4234	isl_ctx *isl_multi_pw_aff_get_ctx(
4235		__isl_keep isl_multi_pw_aff *mpa);
4236	unsigned isl_multi_aff_dim(__isl_keep isl_multi_aff *maff,
4237		enum isl_dim_type type);
4238	unsigned isl_pw_multi_aff_dim(
4239		__isl_keep isl_pw_multi_aff *pma,
4240		enum isl_dim_type type);
4241	unsigned isl_multi_pw_aff_dim(
4242		__isl_keep isl_multi_pw_aff *mpa,
4243		enum isl_dim_type type);
4244	__isl_give isl_aff *isl_multi_aff_get_aff(
4245		__isl_keep isl_multi_aff *multi, int pos);
4246	__isl_give isl_pw_aff *isl_pw_multi_aff_get_pw_aff(
4247		__isl_keep isl_pw_multi_aff *pma, int pos);
4248	__isl_give isl_pw_aff *isl_multi_pw_aff_get_pw_aff(
4249		__isl_keep isl_multi_pw_aff *mpa, int pos);
4250	const char *isl_pw_multi_aff_get_dim_name(
4251		__isl_keep isl_pw_multi_aff *pma,
4252		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos);
4253	__isl_give isl_id *isl_pw_multi_aff_get_dim_id(
4254		__isl_keep isl_pw_multi_aff *pma,
4255		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos);
4256	const char *isl_multi_aff_get_tuple_name(
4257		__isl_keep isl_multi_aff *multi,
4258		enum isl_dim_type type);
4259	int isl_pw_multi_aff_has_tuple_name(
4260		__isl_keep isl_pw_multi_aff *pma,
4261		enum isl_dim_type type);
4262	const char *isl_pw_multi_aff_get_tuple_name(
4263		__isl_keep isl_pw_multi_aff *pma,
4264		enum isl_dim_type type);
4265	int isl_pw_multi_aff_has_tuple_id(
4266		__isl_keep isl_pw_multi_aff *pma,
4267		enum isl_dim_type type);
4268	__isl_give isl_id *isl_pw_multi_aff_get_tuple_id(
4269		__isl_keep isl_pw_multi_aff *pma,
4270		enum isl_dim_type type);
4271
4272	int isl_pw_multi_aff_foreach_piece(
4273		__isl_keep isl_pw_multi_aff *pma,
4274		int (*fn)(__isl_take isl_set *set,
4275			    __isl_take isl_multi_aff *maff,
4276			    void *user), void *user);
4277
4278	int isl_union_pw_multi_aff_foreach_pw_multi_aff(
4279		__isl_keep isl_union_pw_multi_aff *upma,
4280		int (*fn)(__isl_take isl_pw_multi_aff *pma,
4281			    void *user), void *user);
4282
4283It can be modified using
4284
4285	#include <isl/aff.h>
4286	__isl_give isl_multi_aff *isl_multi_aff_set_aff(
4287		__isl_take isl_multi_aff *multi, int pos,
4288		__isl_take isl_aff *aff);
4289	__isl_give isl_pw_multi_aff *isl_pw_multi_aff_set_pw_aff(
4290		__isl_take isl_pw_multi_aff *pma, unsigned pos,
4291		__isl_take isl_pw_aff *pa);
4292	__isl_give isl_multi_aff *isl_multi_aff_set_dim_name(
4293		__isl_take isl_multi_aff *maff,
4294		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos, const char *s);
4295	__isl_give isl_multi_aff *isl_multi_aff_set_tuple_name(
4296		__isl_take isl_multi_aff *maff,
4297		enum isl_dim_type type, const char *s);
4298	__isl_give isl_multi_aff *isl_multi_aff_set_tuple_id(
4299		__isl_take isl_multi_aff *maff,
4300		enum isl_dim_type type, __isl_take isl_id *id);
4301	__isl_give isl_pw_multi_aff *isl_pw_multi_aff_set_tuple_id(
4302		__isl_take isl_pw_multi_aff *pma,
4303		enum isl_dim_type type, __isl_take isl_id *id);
4304
4305	__isl_give isl_multi_pw_aff *
4306	isl_multi_pw_aff_set_dim_name(
4307		__isl_take isl_multi_pw_aff *mpa,
4308		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos, const char *s);
4309	__isl_give isl_multi_pw_aff *
4310	isl_multi_pw_aff_set_tuple_name(
4311		__isl_take isl_multi_pw_aff *mpa,
4312		enum isl_dim_type type, const char *s);
4313
4314	__isl_give isl_multi_aff *isl_multi_aff_insert_dims(
4315		__isl_take isl_multi_aff *ma,
4316		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned first, unsigned n);
4317	__isl_give isl_multi_aff *isl_multi_aff_add_dims(
4318		__isl_take isl_multi_aff *ma,
4319		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned n);
4320	__isl_give isl_multi_aff *isl_multi_aff_drop_dims(
4321		__isl_take isl_multi_aff *maff,
4322		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned first, unsigned n);
4323	__isl_give isl_pw_multi_aff *isl_pw_multi_aff_drop_dims(
4324		__isl_take isl_pw_multi_aff *pma,
4325		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned first, unsigned n);
4326
4327	__isl_give isl_multi_pw_aff *isl_multi_pw_aff_insert_dims(
4328		__isl_take isl_multi_pw_aff *mpa,
4329		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned first, unsigned n);
4330	__isl_give isl_multi_pw_aff *isl_multi_pw_aff_add_dims(
4331		__isl_take isl_multi_pw_aff *mpa,
4332		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned n);
4333
4334To check whether two multiple affine expressions are
4335obviously equal to each other, use
4336
4337	int isl_multi_aff_plain_is_equal(__isl_keep isl_multi_aff *maff1,
4338		__isl_keep isl_multi_aff *maff2);
4339	int isl_pw_multi_aff_plain_is_equal(
4340		__isl_keep isl_pw_multi_aff *pma1,
4341		__isl_keep isl_pw_multi_aff *pma2);
4342
4343Operations include
4344
4345	#include <isl/aff.h>
4346	__isl_give isl_pw_multi_aff *isl_pw_multi_aff_union_lexmin(
4347		__isl_take isl_pw_multi_aff *pma1,
4348		__isl_take isl_pw_multi_aff *pma2);
4349	__isl_give isl_pw_multi_aff *isl_pw_multi_aff_union_lexmax(
4350		__isl_take isl_pw_multi_aff *pma1,
4351		__isl_take isl_pw_multi_aff *pma2);
4352	__isl_give isl_multi_aff *isl_multi_aff_add(
4353		__isl_take isl_multi_aff *maff1,
4354		__isl_take isl_multi_aff *maff2);
4355	__isl_give isl_pw_multi_aff *isl_pw_multi_aff_add(
4356		__isl_take isl_pw_multi_aff *pma1,
4357		__isl_take isl_pw_multi_aff *pma2);
4358	__isl_give isl_union_pw_multi_aff *isl_union_pw_multi_aff_add(
4359		__isl_take isl_union_pw_multi_aff *upma1,
4360		__isl_take isl_union_pw_multi_aff *upma2);
4361	__isl_give isl_pw_multi_aff *isl_pw_multi_aff_union_add(
4362		__isl_take isl_pw_multi_aff *pma1,
4363		__isl_take isl_pw_multi_aff *pma2);
4364	__isl_give isl_multi_aff *isl_multi_aff_sub(
4365		__isl_take isl_multi_aff *ma1,
4366		__isl_take isl_multi_aff *ma2);
4367	__isl_give isl_pw_multi_aff *isl_pw_multi_aff_sub(
4368		__isl_take isl_pw_multi_aff *pma1,
4369		__isl_take isl_pw_multi_aff *pma2);
4370	__isl_give isl_union_pw_multi_aff *isl_union_pw_multi_aff_sub(
4371		__isl_take isl_union_pw_multi_aff *upma1,
4372		__isl_take isl_union_pw_multi_aff *upma2);
4373
4374C<isl_multi_aff_sub> subtracts the second argument from the first.
4375
4376	__isl_give isl_multi_aff *isl_multi_aff_scale(
4377		__isl_take isl_multi_aff *maff,
4378		isl_int f);
4379	__isl_give isl_multi_aff *isl_multi_aff_scale_val(
4380		__isl_take isl_multi_aff *ma,
4381		__isl_take isl_val *v);
4382	__isl_give isl_pw_multi_aff *isl_pw_multi_aff_scale_val(
4383		__isl_take isl_pw_multi_aff *pma,
4384		__isl_take isl_val *v);
4385	__isl_give isl_multi_pw_aff *isl_multi_pw_aff_scale_val(
4386		__isl_take isl_multi_pw_aff *mpa,
4387		__isl_take isl_val *v);
4388	__isl_give isl_multi_aff *isl_multi_aff_scale_multi_val(
4389		__isl_take isl_multi_aff *ma,
4390		__isl_take isl_multi_val *mv);
4391	__isl_give isl_pw_multi_aff *
4392	isl_pw_multi_aff_scale_multi_val(
4393		__isl_take isl_pw_multi_aff *pma,
4394		__isl_take isl_multi_val *mv);
4395	__isl_give isl_multi_pw_aff *
4396	isl_multi_pw_aff_scale_multi_val(
4397		__isl_take isl_multi_pw_aff *mpa,
4398		__isl_take isl_multi_val *mv);
4399	__isl_give isl_union_pw_multi_aff *
4400	isl_union_pw_multi_aff_scale_multi_val(
4401		__isl_take isl_union_pw_multi_aff *upma,
4402		__isl_take isl_multi_val *mv);
4403
4404C<isl_multi_aff_scale_multi_val> scales the elements of C<ma>
4405by the corresponding elements of C<mv>.
4406
4407	__isl_give isl_pw_multi_aff *isl_pw_multi_aff_intersect_params(
4408		__isl_take isl_pw_multi_aff *pma,
4409		__isl_take isl_set *set);
4410	__isl_give isl_pw_multi_aff *isl_pw_multi_aff_intersect_domain(
4411		__isl_take isl_pw_multi_aff *pma,
4412		__isl_take isl_set *set);
4413	__isl_give isl_union_pw_multi_aff *
4414	isl_union_pw_multi_aff_intersect_domain(
4415		__isl_take isl_union_pw_multi_aff *upma,
4416		__isl_take isl_union_set *uset);
4417	__isl_give isl_multi_aff *isl_multi_aff_lift(
4418		__isl_take isl_multi_aff *maff,
4419		__isl_give isl_local_space **ls);
4420	__isl_give isl_pw_multi_aff *isl_pw_multi_aff_coalesce(
4421		__isl_take isl_pw_multi_aff *pma);
4422	__isl_give isl_multi_aff *isl_multi_aff_align_params(
4423		__isl_take isl_multi_aff *multi,
4424		__isl_take isl_space *model);
4425	__isl_give isl_pw_multi_aff *isl_pw_multi_aff_align_params(
4426		__isl_take isl_pw_multi_aff *pma,
4427		__isl_take isl_space *model);
4428	__isl_give isl_pw_multi_aff *
4429	isl_pw_multi_aff_project_domain_on_params(
4430		__isl_take isl_pw_multi_aff *pma);
4431	__isl_give isl_multi_aff *isl_multi_aff_gist_params(
4432		__isl_take isl_multi_aff *maff,
4433		__isl_take isl_set *context);
4434	__isl_give isl_multi_aff *isl_multi_aff_gist(
4435		__isl_take isl_multi_aff *maff,
4436		__isl_take isl_set *context);
4437	__isl_give isl_pw_multi_aff *isl_pw_multi_aff_gist_params(
4438		__isl_take isl_pw_multi_aff *pma,
4439		__isl_take isl_set *set);
4440	__isl_give isl_pw_multi_aff *isl_pw_multi_aff_gist(
4441		__isl_take isl_pw_multi_aff *pma,
4442		__isl_take isl_set *set);
4443	__isl_give isl_set *isl_pw_multi_aff_domain(
4444		__isl_take isl_pw_multi_aff *pma);
4445	__isl_give isl_union_set *isl_union_pw_multi_aff_domain(
4446		__isl_take isl_union_pw_multi_aff *upma);
4447	__isl_give isl_multi_aff *isl_multi_aff_range_splice(
4448		__isl_take isl_multi_aff *ma1, unsigned pos,
4449		__isl_take isl_multi_aff *ma2);
4450	__isl_give isl_multi_aff *isl_multi_aff_splice(
4451		__isl_take isl_multi_aff *ma1,
4452		unsigned in_pos, unsigned out_pos,
4453		__isl_take isl_multi_aff *ma2);
4454	__isl_give isl_multi_aff *isl_multi_aff_range_product(
4455		__isl_take isl_multi_aff *ma1,
4456		__isl_take isl_multi_aff *ma2);
4457	__isl_give isl_multi_aff *isl_multi_aff_flat_range_product(
4458		__isl_take isl_multi_aff *ma1,
4459		__isl_take isl_multi_aff *ma2);
4460	__isl_give isl_multi_aff *isl_multi_aff_product(
4461		__isl_take isl_multi_aff *ma1,
4462		__isl_take isl_multi_aff *ma2);
4463	__isl_give isl_pw_multi_aff *
4464	isl_pw_multi_aff_range_product(
4465		__isl_take isl_pw_multi_aff *pma1,
4466		__isl_take isl_pw_multi_aff *pma2);
4467	__isl_give isl_pw_multi_aff *
4468	isl_pw_multi_aff_flat_range_product(
4469		__isl_take isl_pw_multi_aff *pma1,
4470		__isl_take isl_pw_multi_aff *pma2);
4471	__isl_give isl_pw_multi_aff *isl_pw_multi_aff_product(
4472		__isl_take isl_pw_multi_aff *pma1,
4473		__isl_take isl_pw_multi_aff *pma2);
4474	__isl_give isl_union_pw_multi_aff *
4475	isl_union_pw_multi_aff_flat_range_product(
4476		__isl_take isl_union_pw_multi_aff *upma1,
4477		__isl_take isl_union_pw_multi_aff *upma2);
4478	__isl_give isl_multi_pw_aff *
4479	isl_multi_pw_aff_range_splice(
4480		__isl_take isl_multi_pw_aff *mpa1, unsigned pos,
4481		__isl_take isl_multi_pw_aff *mpa2);
4482	__isl_give isl_multi_pw_aff *isl_multi_pw_aff_splice(
4483		__isl_take isl_multi_pw_aff *mpa1,
4484		unsigned in_pos, unsigned out_pos,
4485		__isl_take isl_multi_pw_aff *mpa2);
4486	__isl_give isl_multi_pw_aff *
4487	isl_multi_pw_aff_range_product(
4488		__isl_take isl_multi_pw_aff *mpa1,
4489		__isl_take isl_multi_pw_aff *mpa2);
4490	__isl_give isl_multi_pw_aff *
4491	isl_multi_pw_aff_flat_range_product(
4492		__isl_take isl_multi_pw_aff *mpa1,
4493		__isl_take isl_multi_pw_aff *mpa2);
4494
4495If the C<ls> argument of C<isl_multi_aff_lift> is not C<NULL>,
4496then it is assigned the local space that lies at the basis of
4497the lifting applied.
4498
4499	#include <isl/aff.h>
4500	__isl_give isl_multi_aff *isl_multi_aff_pullback_multi_aff(
4501		__isl_take isl_multi_aff *ma1,
4502		__isl_take isl_multi_aff *ma2);
4503	__isl_give isl_pw_multi_aff *
4504	isl_pw_multi_aff_pullback_multi_aff(
4505		__isl_take isl_pw_multi_aff *pma,
4506		__isl_take isl_multi_aff *ma);
4507	__isl_give isl_pw_multi_aff *
4508	isl_pw_multi_aff_pullback_pw_multi_aff(
4509		__isl_take isl_pw_multi_aff *pma1,
4510		__isl_take isl_pw_multi_aff *pma2);
4511
4512The function C<isl_multi_aff_pullback_multi_aff> precomposes C<ma1> by C<ma2>.
4513In other words, C<ma2> is plugged
4514into C<ma1>.
4515
4516	__isl_give isl_set *isl_multi_aff_lex_le_set(
4517		__isl_take isl_multi_aff *ma1,
4518		__isl_take isl_multi_aff *ma2);
4519	__isl_give isl_set *isl_multi_aff_lex_ge_set(
4520		__isl_take isl_multi_aff *ma1,
4521		__isl_take isl_multi_aff *ma2);
4522
4523The function C<isl_multi_aff_lex_le_set> returns a set
4524containing those elements in the shared domain space
4525where C<ma1> is lexicographically smaller than or
4526equal to C<ma2>.
4527
4528An expression can be read from input using
4529
4530	#include <isl/aff.h>
4531	__isl_give isl_multi_aff *isl_multi_aff_read_from_str(
4532		isl_ctx *ctx, const char *str);
4533	__isl_give isl_pw_multi_aff *isl_pw_multi_aff_read_from_str(
4534		isl_ctx *ctx, const char *str);
4535	__isl_give isl_union_pw_multi_aff *
4536	isl_union_pw_multi_aff_read_from_str(
4537		isl_ctx *ctx, const char *str);
4538
4539An expression can be printed using
4540
4541	#include <isl/aff.h>
4542	__isl_give isl_printer *isl_printer_print_multi_aff(
4543		__isl_take isl_printer *p,
4544		__isl_keep isl_multi_aff *maff);
4545	__isl_give isl_printer *isl_printer_print_pw_multi_aff(
4546		__isl_take isl_printer *p,
4547		__isl_keep isl_pw_multi_aff *pma);
4548	__isl_give isl_printer *isl_printer_print_union_pw_multi_aff(
4549		__isl_take isl_printer *p,
4550		__isl_keep isl_union_pw_multi_aff *upma);
4551	__isl_give isl_printer *isl_printer_print_multi_pw_aff(
4552		__isl_take isl_printer *p,
4553		__isl_keep isl_multi_pw_aff *mpa);
4554
4555=head2 Points
4556
4557Points are elements of a set.  They can be used to construct
4558simple sets (boxes) or they can be used to represent the
4559individual elements of a set.
4560The zero point (the origin) can be created using
4561
4562	__isl_give isl_point *isl_point_zero(__isl_take isl_space *space);
4563
4564The coordinates of a point can be inspected, set and changed
4565using
4566
4567	int isl_point_get_coordinate(__isl_keep isl_point *pnt,
4568		enum isl_dim_type type, int pos, isl_int *v);
4569	__isl_give isl_val *isl_point_get_coordinate_val(
4570		__isl_keep isl_point *pnt,
4571		enum isl_dim_type type, int pos);
4572	__isl_give isl_point *isl_point_set_coordinate(
4573		__isl_take isl_point *pnt,
4574		enum isl_dim_type type, int pos, isl_int v);
4575	__isl_give isl_point *isl_point_set_coordinate_val(
4576		__isl_take isl_point *pnt,
4577		enum isl_dim_type type, int pos,
4578		__isl_take isl_val *v);
4579
4580	__isl_give isl_point *isl_point_add_ui(
4581		__isl_take isl_point *pnt,
4582		enum isl_dim_type type, int pos, unsigned val);
4583	__isl_give isl_point *isl_point_sub_ui(
4584		__isl_take isl_point *pnt,
4585		enum isl_dim_type type, int pos, unsigned val);
4586
4587Other properties can be obtained using
4588
4589	isl_ctx *isl_point_get_ctx(__isl_keep isl_point *pnt);
4590
4591Points can be copied or freed using
4592
4593	__isl_give isl_point *isl_point_copy(
4594		__isl_keep isl_point *pnt);
4595	void isl_point_free(__isl_take isl_point *pnt);
4596
4597A singleton set can be created from a point using
4598
4599	__isl_give isl_basic_set *isl_basic_set_from_point(
4600		__isl_take isl_point *pnt);
4601	__isl_give isl_set *isl_set_from_point(
4602		__isl_take isl_point *pnt);
4603
4604and a box can be created from two opposite extremal points using
4605
4606	__isl_give isl_basic_set *isl_basic_set_box_from_points(
4607		__isl_take isl_point *pnt1,
4608		__isl_take isl_point *pnt2);
4609	__isl_give isl_set *isl_set_box_from_points(
4610		__isl_take isl_point *pnt1,
4611		__isl_take isl_point *pnt2);
4612
4613All elements of a B<bounded> (union) set can be enumerated using
4614the following functions.
4615
4616	int isl_set_foreach_point(__isl_keep isl_set *set,
4617		int (*fn)(__isl_take isl_point *pnt, void *user),
4618		void *user);
4619	int isl_union_set_foreach_point(__isl_keep isl_union_set *uset,
4620		int (*fn)(__isl_take isl_point *pnt, void *user),
4621		void *user);
4622
4623The function C<fn> is called for each integer point in
4624C<set> with as second argument the last argument of
4625the C<isl_set_foreach_point> call.  The function C<fn>
4626should return C<0> on success and C<-1> on failure.
4627In the latter case, C<isl_set_foreach_point> will stop
4628enumerating and return C<-1> as well.
4629If the enumeration is performed successfully and to completion,
4630then C<isl_set_foreach_point> returns C<0>.
4631
4632To obtain a single point of a (basic) set, use
4633
4634	__isl_give isl_point *isl_basic_set_sample_point(
4635		__isl_take isl_basic_set *bset);
4636	__isl_give isl_point *isl_set_sample_point(
4637		__isl_take isl_set *set);
4638
4639If C<set> does not contain any (integer) points, then the
4640resulting point will be ``void'', a property that can be
4641tested using
4642
4643	int isl_point_is_void(__isl_keep isl_point *pnt);
4644
4645=head2 Piecewise Quasipolynomials
4646
4647A piecewise quasipolynomial is a particular kind of function that maps
4648a parametric point to a rational value.
4649More specifically, a quasipolynomial is a polynomial expression in greatest
4650integer parts of affine expressions of parameters and variables.
4651A piecewise quasipolynomial is a subdivision of a given parametric
4652domain into disjoint cells with a quasipolynomial associated to
4653each cell.  The value of the piecewise quasipolynomial at a given
4654point is the value of the quasipolynomial associated to the cell
4655that contains the point.  Outside of the union of cells,
4656the value is assumed to be zero.
4657For example, the piecewise quasipolynomial
4658
4659	[n] -> { [x] -> ((1 + n) - x) : x <= n and x >= 0 }
4660
4661maps C<x> to C<1 + n - x> for values of C<x> between C<0> and C<n>.
4662A given piecewise quasipolynomial has a fixed domain dimension.
4663Union piecewise quasipolynomials are used to contain piecewise quasipolynomials
4664defined over different domains.
4665Piecewise quasipolynomials are mainly used by the C<barvinok>
4666library for representing the number of elements in a parametric set or map.
4667For example, the piecewise quasipolynomial above represents
4668the number of points in the map
4669
4670	[n] -> { [x] -> [y] : x,y >= 0 and 0 <= x + y <= n }
4671
4672=head3 Input and Output
4673
4674Piecewise quasipolynomials can be read from input using
4675
4676	__isl_give isl_union_pw_qpolynomial *
4677	isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_read_from_str(
4678		isl_ctx *ctx, const char *str);
4679
4680Quasipolynomials and piecewise quasipolynomials can be printed
4681using the following functions.
4682
4683	__isl_give isl_printer *isl_printer_print_qpolynomial(
4684		__isl_take isl_printer *p,
4685		__isl_keep isl_qpolynomial *qp);
4686
4687	__isl_give isl_printer *isl_printer_print_pw_qpolynomial(
4688		__isl_take isl_printer *p,
4689		__isl_keep isl_pw_qpolynomial *pwqp);
4690
4691	__isl_give isl_printer *isl_printer_print_union_pw_qpolynomial(
4692		__isl_take isl_printer *p,
4693		__isl_keep isl_union_pw_qpolynomial *upwqp);
4694
4695The output format of the printer
4696needs to be set to either C<ISL_FORMAT_ISL> or C<ISL_FORMAT_C>.
4697For C<isl_printer_print_union_pw_qpolynomial>, only C<ISL_FORMAT_ISL>
4698is supported.
4699In case of printing in C<ISL_FORMAT_C>, the user may want
4700to set the names of all dimensions
4701
4702	__isl_give isl_qpolynomial *isl_qpolynomial_set_dim_name(
4703		__isl_take isl_qpolynomial *qp,
4704		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos,
4705		const char *s);
4706	__isl_give isl_pw_qpolynomial *
4707	isl_pw_qpolynomial_set_dim_name(
4708		__isl_take isl_pw_qpolynomial *pwqp,
4709		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos,
4710		const char *s);
4711
4712=head3 Creating New (Piecewise) Quasipolynomials
4713
4714Some simple quasipolynomials can be created using the following functions.
4715More complicated quasipolynomials can be created by applying
4716operations such as addition and multiplication
4717on the resulting quasipolynomials
4718
4719	__isl_give isl_qpolynomial *isl_qpolynomial_zero_on_domain(
4720		__isl_take isl_space *domain);
4721	__isl_give isl_qpolynomial *isl_qpolynomial_one_on_domain(
4722		__isl_take isl_space *domain);
4723	__isl_give isl_qpolynomial *isl_qpolynomial_infty_on_domain(
4724		__isl_take isl_space *domain);
4725	__isl_give isl_qpolynomial *isl_qpolynomial_neginfty_on_domain(
4726		__isl_take isl_space *domain);
4727	__isl_give isl_qpolynomial *isl_qpolynomial_nan_on_domain(
4728		__isl_take isl_space *domain);
4729	__isl_give isl_qpolynomial *isl_qpolynomial_rat_cst_on_domain(
4730		__isl_take isl_space *domain,
4731		const isl_int n, const isl_int d);
4732	__isl_give isl_qpolynomial *isl_qpolynomial_val_on_domain(
4733		__isl_take isl_space *domain,
4734		__isl_take isl_val *val);
4735	__isl_give isl_qpolynomial *isl_qpolynomial_var_on_domain(
4736		__isl_take isl_space *domain,
4737		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos);
4738	__isl_give isl_qpolynomial *isl_qpolynomial_from_aff(
4739		__isl_take isl_aff *aff);
4740
4741Note that the space in which a quasipolynomial lives is a map space
4742with a one-dimensional range.  The C<domain> argument in some of
4743the functions above corresponds to the domain of this map space.
4744
4745The zero piecewise quasipolynomial or a piecewise quasipolynomial
4746with a single cell can be created using the following functions.
4747Multiple of these single cell piecewise quasipolynomials can
4748be combined to create more complicated piecewise quasipolynomials.
4749
4750	__isl_give isl_pw_qpolynomial *isl_pw_qpolynomial_zero(
4751		__isl_take isl_space *space);
4752	__isl_give isl_pw_qpolynomial *isl_pw_qpolynomial_alloc(
4753		__isl_take isl_set *set,
4754		__isl_take isl_qpolynomial *qp);
4755	__isl_give isl_pw_qpolynomial *isl_pw_qpolynomial_from_qpolynomial(
4756		__isl_take isl_qpolynomial *qp);
4757	__isl_give isl_pw_qpolynomial *isl_pw_qpolynomial_from_pw_aff(
4758		__isl_take isl_pw_aff *pwaff);
4759
4760	__isl_give isl_union_pw_qpolynomial *isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_zero(
4761		__isl_take isl_space *space);
4762	__isl_give isl_union_pw_qpolynomial *isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_from_pw_qpolynomial(
4763		__isl_take isl_pw_qpolynomial *pwqp);
4764	__isl_give isl_union_pw_qpolynomial *isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_add_pw_qpolynomial(
4765		__isl_take isl_union_pw_qpolynomial *upwqp,
4766		__isl_take isl_pw_qpolynomial *pwqp);
4767
4768Quasipolynomials can be copied and freed again using the following
4769functions.
4770
4771	__isl_give isl_qpolynomial *isl_qpolynomial_copy(
4772		__isl_keep isl_qpolynomial *qp);
4773	void *isl_qpolynomial_free(__isl_take isl_qpolynomial *qp);
4774
4775	__isl_give isl_pw_qpolynomial *isl_pw_qpolynomial_copy(
4776		__isl_keep isl_pw_qpolynomial *pwqp);
4777	void *isl_pw_qpolynomial_free(
4778		__isl_take isl_pw_qpolynomial *pwqp);
4779
4780	__isl_give isl_union_pw_qpolynomial *isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_copy(
4781		__isl_keep isl_union_pw_qpolynomial *upwqp);
4782	void *isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_free(
4783		__isl_take isl_union_pw_qpolynomial *upwqp);
4784
4785=head3 Inspecting (Piecewise) Quasipolynomials
4786
4787To iterate over all piecewise quasipolynomials in a union
4788piecewise quasipolynomial, use the following function
4789
4790	int isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_foreach_pw_qpolynomial(
4791		__isl_keep isl_union_pw_qpolynomial *upwqp,
4792		int (*fn)(__isl_take isl_pw_qpolynomial *pwqp, void *user),
4793		void *user);
4794
4795To extract the piecewise quasipolynomial in a given space from a union, use
4796
4797	__isl_give isl_pw_qpolynomial *
4798	isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_extract_pw_qpolynomial(
4799		__isl_keep isl_union_pw_qpolynomial *upwqp,
4800		__isl_take isl_space *space);
4801
4802To iterate over the cells in a piecewise quasipolynomial,
4803use either of the following two functions
4804
4805	int isl_pw_qpolynomial_foreach_piece(
4806		__isl_keep isl_pw_qpolynomial *pwqp,
4807		int (*fn)(__isl_take isl_set *set,
4808			  __isl_take isl_qpolynomial *qp,
4809			  void *user), void *user);
4810	int isl_pw_qpolynomial_foreach_lifted_piece(
4811		__isl_keep isl_pw_qpolynomial *pwqp,
4812		int (*fn)(__isl_take isl_set *set,
4813			  __isl_take isl_qpolynomial *qp,
4814			  void *user), void *user);
4815
4816As usual, the function C<fn> should return C<0> on success
4817and C<-1> on failure.  The difference between
4818C<isl_pw_qpolynomial_foreach_piece> and
4819C<isl_pw_qpolynomial_foreach_lifted_piece> is that
4820C<isl_pw_qpolynomial_foreach_lifted_piece> will first
4821compute unique representations for all existentially quantified
4822variables and then turn these existentially quantified variables
4823into extra set variables, adapting the associated quasipolynomial
4824accordingly.  This means that the C<set> passed to C<fn>
4825will not have any existentially quantified variables, but that
4826the dimensions of the sets may be different for different
4827invocations of C<fn>.
4828
4829The constant term of a quasipolynomial can be extracted using
4830
4831	__isl_give isl_val *isl_qpolynomial_get_constant_val(
4832		__isl_keep isl_qpolynomial *qp);
4833
4834To iterate over all terms in a quasipolynomial,
4835use
4836
4837	int isl_qpolynomial_foreach_term(
4838		__isl_keep isl_qpolynomial *qp,
4839		int (*fn)(__isl_take isl_term *term,
4840			  void *user), void *user);
4841
4842The terms themselves can be inspected and freed using
4843these functions
4844
4845	unsigned isl_term_dim(__isl_keep isl_term *term,
4846		enum isl_dim_type type);
4847	void isl_term_get_num(__isl_keep isl_term *term,
4848		isl_int *n);
4849	void isl_term_get_den(__isl_keep isl_term *term,
4850		isl_int *d);
4851	__isl_give isl_val *isl_term_get_coefficient_val(
4852		__isl_keep isl_term *term);
4853	int isl_term_get_exp(__isl_keep isl_term *term,
4854		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos);
4855	__isl_give isl_aff *isl_term_get_div(
4856		__isl_keep isl_term *term, unsigned pos);
4857	void isl_term_free(__isl_take isl_term *term);
4858
4859Each term is a product of parameters, set variables and
4860integer divisions.  The function C<isl_term_get_exp>
4861returns the exponent of a given dimensions in the given term.
4862The C<isl_int>s in the arguments of C<isl_term_get_num>
4863and C<isl_term_get_den> need to have been initialized
4864using C<isl_int_init> before calling these functions.
4865
4866=head3 Properties of (Piecewise) Quasipolynomials
4867
4868To check whether a quasipolynomial is actually a constant,
4869use the following function.
4870
4871	int isl_qpolynomial_is_cst(__isl_keep isl_qpolynomial *qp,
4872		isl_int *n, isl_int *d);
4873
4874If C<qp> is a constant and if C<n> and C<d> are not C<NULL>
4875then the numerator and denominator of the constant
4876are returned in C<*n> and C<*d>, respectively.
4877
4878To check whether two union piecewise quasipolynomials are
4879obviously equal, use
4880
4881	int isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_plain_is_equal(
4882		__isl_keep isl_union_pw_qpolynomial *upwqp1,
4883		__isl_keep isl_union_pw_qpolynomial *upwqp2);
4884
4885=head3 Operations on (Piecewise) Quasipolynomials
4886
4887	__isl_give isl_qpolynomial *isl_qpolynomial_scale(
4888		__isl_take isl_qpolynomial *qp, isl_int v);
4889	__isl_give isl_qpolynomial *isl_qpolynomial_scale_val(
4890		__isl_take isl_qpolynomial *qp,
4891		__isl_take isl_val *v);
4892	__isl_give isl_qpolynomial *isl_qpolynomial_neg(
4893		__isl_take isl_qpolynomial *qp);
4894	__isl_give isl_qpolynomial *isl_qpolynomial_add(
4895		__isl_take isl_qpolynomial *qp1,
4896		__isl_take isl_qpolynomial *qp2);
4897	__isl_give isl_qpolynomial *isl_qpolynomial_sub(
4898		__isl_take isl_qpolynomial *qp1,
4899		__isl_take isl_qpolynomial *qp2);
4900	__isl_give isl_qpolynomial *isl_qpolynomial_mul(
4901		__isl_take isl_qpolynomial *qp1,
4902		__isl_take isl_qpolynomial *qp2);
4903	__isl_give isl_qpolynomial *isl_qpolynomial_pow(
4904		__isl_take isl_qpolynomial *qp, unsigned exponent);
4905
4906	__isl_give isl_pw_qpolynomial *isl_pw_qpolynomial_fix_val(
4907		__isl_take isl_pw_qpolynomial *pwqp,
4908		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned n,
4909		__isl_take isl_val *v);
4910	__isl_give isl_pw_qpolynomial *
4911	isl_pw_qpolynomial_scale_val(
4912		__isl_take isl_pw_qpolynomial *pwqp,
4913		__isl_take isl_val *v);
4914	__isl_give isl_pw_qpolynomial *isl_pw_qpolynomial_add(
4915		__isl_take isl_pw_qpolynomial *pwqp1,
4916		__isl_take isl_pw_qpolynomial *pwqp2);
4917	__isl_give isl_pw_qpolynomial *isl_pw_qpolynomial_sub(
4918		__isl_take isl_pw_qpolynomial *pwqp1,
4919		__isl_take isl_pw_qpolynomial *pwqp2);
4920	__isl_give isl_pw_qpolynomial *isl_pw_qpolynomial_add_disjoint(
4921		__isl_take isl_pw_qpolynomial *pwqp1,
4922		__isl_take isl_pw_qpolynomial *pwqp2);
4923	__isl_give isl_pw_qpolynomial *isl_pw_qpolynomial_neg(
4924		__isl_take isl_pw_qpolynomial *pwqp);
4925	__isl_give isl_pw_qpolynomial *isl_pw_qpolynomial_mul(
4926		__isl_take isl_pw_qpolynomial *pwqp1,
4927		__isl_take isl_pw_qpolynomial *pwqp2);
4928	__isl_give isl_pw_qpolynomial *isl_pw_qpolynomial_pow(
4929		__isl_take isl_pw_qpolynomial *pwqp, unsigned exponent);
4930
4931	__isl_give isl_union_pw_qpolynomial *
4932	isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_scale_val(
4933		__isl_take isl_union_pw_qpolynomial *upwqp,
4934		__isl_take isl_val *v);
4935	__isl_give isl_union_pw_qpolynomial *isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_add(
4936		__isl_take isl_union_pw_qpolynomial *upwqp1,
4937		__isl_take isl_union_pw_qpolynomial *upwqp2);
4938	__isl_give isl_union_pw_qpolynomial *isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_sub(
4939		__isl_take isl_union_pw_qpolynomial *upwqp1,
4940		__isl_take isl_union_pw_qpolynomial *upwqp2);
4941	__isl_give isl_union_pw_qpolynomial *isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_mul(
4942		__isl_take isl_union_pw_qpolynomial *upwqp1,
4943		__isl_take isl_union_pw_qpolynomial *upwqp2);
4944
4945	__isl_give isl_qpolynomial *isl_pw_qpolynomial_eval(
4946		__isl_take isl_pw_qpolynomial *pwqp,
4947		__isl_take isl_point *pnt);
4948
4949	__isl_give isl_qpolynomial *isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_eval(
4950		__isl_take isl_union_pw_qpolynomial *upwqp,
4951		__isl_take isl_point *pnt);
4952
4953	__isl_give isl_set *isl_pw_qpolynomial_domain(
4954		__isl_take isl_pw_qpolynomial *pwqp);
4955	__isl_give isl_pw_qpolynomial *isl_pw_qpolynomial_intersect_domain(
4956		__isl_take isl_pw_qpolynomial *pwpq,
4957		__isl_take isl_set *set);
4958	__isl_give isl_pw_qpolynomial *isl_pw_qpolynomial_intersect_params(
4959		__isl_take isl_pw_qpolynomial *pwpq,
4960		__isl_take isl_set *set);
4961
4962	__isl_give isl_union_set *isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_domain(
4963		__isl_take isl_union_pw_qpolynomial *upwqp);
4964	__isl_give isl_union_pw_qpolynomial *isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_intersect_domain(
4965		__isl_take isl_union_pw_qpolynomial *upwpq,
4966		__isl_take isl_union_set *uset);
4967	__isl_give isl_union_pw_qpolynomial *
4968	isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_intersect_params(
4969		__isl_take isl_union_pw_qpolynomial *upwpq,
4970		__isl_take isl_set *set);
4971
4972	__isl_give isl_qpolynomial *isl_qpolynomial_align_params(
4973		__isl_take isl_qpolynomial *qp,
4974		__isl_take isl_space *model);
4975
4976	__isl_give isl_qpolynomial *isl_qpolynomial_project_domain_on_params(
4977		__isl_take isl_qpolynomial *qp);
4978	__isl_give isl_pw_qpolynomial *isl_pw_qpolynomial_project_domain_on_params(
4979		__isl_take isl_pw_qpolynomial *pwqp);
4980
4981	__isl_give isl_union_pw_qpolynomial *isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_coalesce(
4982		__isl_take isl_union_pw_qpolynomial *upwqp);
4983
4984	__isl_give isl_qpolynomial *isl_qpolynomial_gist_params(
4985		__isl_take isl_qpolynomial *qp,
4986		__isl_take isl_set *context);
4987	__isl_give isl_qpolynomial *isl_qpolynomial_gist(
4988		__isl_take isl_qpolynomial *qp,
4989		__isl_take isl_set *context);
4990
4991	__isl_give isl_pw_qpolynomial *isl_pw_qpolynomial_gist_params(
4992		__isl_take isl_pw_qpolynomial *pwqp,
4993		__isl_take isl_set *context);
4994	__isl_give isl_pw_qpolynomial *isl_pw_qpolynomial_gist(
4995		__isl_take isl_pw_qpolynomial *pwqp,
4996		__isl_take isl_set *context);
4997
4998	__isl_give isl_union_pw_qpolynomial *
4999	isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_gist_params(
5000		__isl_take isl_union_pw_qpolynomial *upwqp,
5001		__isl_take isl_set *context);
5002	__isl_give isl_union_pw_qpolynomial *isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_gist(
5003		__isl_take isl_union_pw_qpolynomial *upwqp,
5004		__isl_take isl_union_set *context);
5005
5006The gist operation applies the gist operation to each of
5007the cells in the domain of the input piecewise quasipolynomial.
5008The context is also exploited
5009to simplify the quasipolynomials associated to each cell.
5010
5011	__isl_give isl_pw_qpolynomial *isl_pw_qpolynomial_to_polynomial(
5012		__isl_take isl_pw_qpolynomial *pwqp, int sign);
5013	__isl_give isl_union_pw_qpolynomial *
5014	isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_to_polynomial(
5015		__isl_take isl_union_pw_qpolynomial *upwqp, int sign);
5016
5017Approximate each quasipolynomial by a polynomial.  If C<sign> is positive,
5018the polynomial will be an overapproximation.  If C<sign> is negative,
5019it will be an underapproximation.  If C<sign> is zero, the approximation
5020will lie somewhere in between.
5021
5022=head2 Bounds on Piecewise Quasipolynomials and Piecewise Quasipolynomial Reductions
5023
5024A piecewise quasipolynomial reduction is a piecewise
5025reduction (or fold) of quasipolynomials.
5026In particular, the reduction can be maximum or a minimum.
5027The objects are mainly used to represent the result of
5028an upper or lower bound on a quasipolynomial over its domain,
5029i.e., as the result of the following function.
5030
5031	__isl_give isl_pw_qpolynomial_fold *isl_pw_qpolynomial_bound(
5032		__isl_take isl_pw_qpolynomial *pwqp,
5033		enum isl_fold type, int *tight);
5034
5035	__isl_give isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_fold *isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_bound(
5036		__isl_take isl_union_pw_qpolynomial *upwqp,
5037		enum isl_fold type, int *tight);
5038
5039The C<type> argument may be either C<isl_fold_min> or C<isl_fold_max>.
5040If C<tight> is not C<NULL>, then C<*tight> is set to C<1>
5041is the returned bound is known be tight, i.e., for each value
5042of the parameters there is at least
5043one element in the domain that reaches the bound.
5044If the domain of C<pwqp> is not wrapping, then the bound is computed
5045over all elements in that domain and the result has a purely parametric
5046domain.  If the domain of C<pwqp> is wrapping, then the bound is
5047computed over the range of the wrapped relation.  The domain of the
5048wrapped relation becomes the domain of the result.
5049
5050A (piecewise) quasipolynomial reduction can be copied or freed using the
5051following functions.
5052
5053	__isl_give isl_qpolynomial_fold *isl_qpolynomial_fold_copy(
5054		__isl_keep isl_qpolynomial_fold *fold);
5055	__isl_give isl_pw_qpolynomial_fold *isl_pw_qpolynomial_fold_copy(
5056		__isl_keep isl_pw_qpolynomial_fold *pwf);
5057	__isl_give isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_fold *isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_fold_copy(
5058		__isl_keep isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_fold *upwf);
5059	void isl_qpolynomial_fold_free(
5060		__isl_take isl_qpolynomial_fold *fold);
5061	void *isl_pw_qpolynomial_fold_free(
5062		__isl_take isl_pw_qpolynomial_fold *pwf);
5063	void *isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_fold_free(
5064		__isl_take isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_fold *upwf);
5065
5066=head3 Printing Piecewise Quasipolynomial Reductions
5067
5068Piecewise quasipolynomial reductions can be printed
5069using the following function.
5070
5071	__isl_give isl_printer *isl_printer_print_pw_qpolynomial_fold(
5072		__isl_take isl_printer *p,
5073		__isl_keep isl_pw_qpolynomial_fold *pwf);
5074	__isl_give isl_printer *isl_printer_print_union_pw_qpolynomial_fold(
5075		__isl_take isl_printer *p,
5076		__isl_keep isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_fold *upwf);
5077
5078For C<isl_printer_print_pw_qpolynomial_fold>,
5079output format of the printer
5080needs to be set to either C<ISL_FORMAT_ISL> or C<ISL_FORMAT_C>.
5081For C<isl_printer_print_union_pw_qpolynomial_fold>,
5082output format of the printer
5083needs to be set to C<ISL_FORMAT_ISL>.
5084In case of printing in C<ISL_FORMAT_C>, the user may want
5085to set the names of all dimensions
5086
5087	__isl_give isl_pw_qpolynomial_fold *
5088	isl_pw_qpolynomial_fold_set_dim_name(
5089		__isl_take isl_pw_qpolynomial_fold *pwf,
5090		enum isl_dim_type type, unsigned pos,
5091		const char *s);
5092
5093=head3 Inspecting (Piecewise) Quasipolynomial Reductions
5094
5095To iterate over all piecewise quasipolynomial reductions in a union
5096piecewise quasipolynomial reduction, use the following function
5097
5098	int isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_fold_foreach_pw_qpolynomial_fold(
5099		__isl_keep isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_fold *upwf,
5100		int (*fn)(__isl_take isl_pw_qpolynomial_fold *pwf,
5101			    void *user), void *user);
5102
5103To iterate over the cells in a piecewise quasipolynomial reduction,
5104use either of the following two functions
5105
5106	int isl_pw_qpolynomial_fold_foreach_piece(
5107		__isl_keep isl_pw_qpolynomial_fold *pwf,
5108		int (*fn)(__isl_take isl_set *set,
5109			  __isl_take isl_qpolynomial_fold *fold,
5110			  void *user), void *user);
5111	int isl_pw_qpolynomial_fold_foreach_lifted_piece(
5112		__isl_keep isl_pw_qpolynomial_fold *pwf,
5113		int (*fn)(__isl_take isl_set *set,
5114			  __isl_take isl_qpolynomial_fold *fold,
5115			  void *user), void *user);
5116
5117See L<Inspecting (Piecewise) Quasipolynomials> for an explanation
5118of the difference between these two functions.
5119
5120To iterate over all quasipolynomials in a reduction, use
5121
5122	int isl_qpolynomial_fold_foreach_qpolynomial(
5123		__isl_keep isl_qpolynomial_fold *fold,
5124		int (*fn)(__isl_take isl_qpolynomial *qp,
5125			  void *user), void *user);
5126
5127=head3 Properties of Piecewise Quasipolynomial Reductions
5128
5129To check whether two union piecewise quasipolynomial reductions are
5130obviously equal, use
5131
5132	int isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_fold_plain_is_equal(
5133		__isl_keep isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_fold *upwf1,
5134		__isl_keep isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_fold *upwf2);
5135
5136=head3 Operations on Piecewise Quasipolynomial Reductions
5137
5138	__isl_give isl_qpolynomial_fold *isl_qpolynomial_fold_scale(
5139		__isl_take isl_qpolynomial_fold *fold, isl_int v);
5140	__isl_give isl_qpolynomial_fold *isl_qpolynomial_fold_scale_val(
5141		__isl_take isl_qpolynomial_fold *fold,
5142		__isl_take isl_val *v);
5143	__isl_give isl_pw_qpolynomial_fold *
5144	isl_pw_qpolynomial_fold_scale_val(
5145		__isl_take isl_pw_qpolynomial_fold *pwf,
5146		__isl_take isl_val *v);
5147	__isl_give isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_fold *
5148	isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_fold_scale_val(
5149		__isl_take isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_fold *upwf,
5150		__isl_take isl_val *v);
5151
5152	__isl_give isl_pw_qpolynomial_fold *isl_pw_qpolynomial_fold_add(
5153		__isl_take isl_pw_qpolynomial_fold *pwf1,
5154		__isl_take isl_pw_qpolynomial_fold *pwf2);
5155
5156	__isl_give isl_pw_qpolynomial_fold *isl_pw_qpolynomial_fold_fold(
5157		__isl_take isl_pw_qpolynomial_fold *pwf1,
5158		__isl_take isl_pw_qpolynomial_fold *pwf2);
5159
5160	__isl_give isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_fold *isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_fold_fold(
5161		__isl_take isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_fold *upwf1,
5162		__isl_take isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_fold *upwf2);
5163
5164	__isl_give isl_qpolynomial *isl_pw_qpolynomial_fold_eval(
5165		__isl_take isl_pw_qpolynomial_fold *pwf,
5166		__isl_take isl_point *pnt);
5167
5168	__isl_give isl_qpolynomial *isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_fold_eval(
5169		__isl_take isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_fold *upwf,
5170		__isl_take isl_point *pnt);
5171
5172	__isl_give isl_pw_qpolynomial_fold *
5173	isl_pw_qpolynomial_fold_intersect_params(
5174		__isl_take isl_pw_qpolynomial_fold *pwf,
5175		__isl_take isl_set *set);
5176
5177	__isl_give isl_union_set *isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_fold_domain(
5178		__isl_take isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_fold *upwf);
5179	__isl_give isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_fold *isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_fold_intersect_domain(
5180		__isl_take isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_fold *upwf,
5181		__isl_take isl_union_set *uset);
5182	__isl_give isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_fold *
5183	isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_fold_intersect_params(
5184		__isl_take isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_fold *upwf,
5185		__isl_take isl_set *set);
5186
5187	__isl_give isl_pw_qpolynomial_fold *isl_pw_qpolynomial_fold_project_domain_on_params(
5188		__isl_take isl_pw_qpolynomial_fold *pwf);
5189
5190	__isl_give isl_pw_qpolynomial_fold *isl_pw_qpolynomial_fold_coalesce(
5191		__isl_take isl_pw_qpolynomial_fold *pwf);
5192
5193	__isl_give isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_fold *isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_fold_coalesce(
5194		__isl_take isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_fold *upwf);
5195
5196	__isl_give isl_qpolynomial_fold *isl_qpolynomial_fold_gist_params(
5197		__isl_take isl_qpolynomial_fold *fold,
5198		__isl_take isl_set *context);
5199	__isl_give isl_qpolynomial_fold *isl_qpolynomial_fold_gist(
5200		__isl_take isl_qpolynomial_fold *fold,
5201		__isl_take isl_set *context);
5202
5203	__isl_give isl_pw_qpolynomial_fold *isl_pw_qpolynomial_fold_gist(
5204		__isl_take isl_pw_qpolynomial_fold *pwf,
5205		__isl_take isl_set *context);
5206	__isl_give isl_pw_qpolynomial_fold *isl_pw_qpolynomial_fold_gist_params(
5207		__isl_take isl_pw_qpolynomial_fold *pwf,
5208		__isl_take isl_set *context);
5209
5210	__isl_give isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_fold *isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_fold_gist(
5211		__isl_take isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_fold *upwf,
5212		__isl_take isl_union_set *context);
5213	__isl_give isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_fold *
5214	isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_fold_gist_params(
5215		__isl_take isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_fold *upwf,
5216		__isl_take isl_set *context);
5217
5218The gist operation applies the gist operation to each of
5219the cells in the domain of the input piecewise quasipolynomial reduction.
5220In future, the operation will also exploit the context
5221to simplify the quasipolynomial reductions associated to each cell.
5222
5223	__isl_give isl_pw_qpolynomial_fold *
5224	isl_set_apply_pw_qpolynomial_fold(
5225		__isl_take isl_set *set,
5226		__isl_take isl_pw_qpolynomial_fold *pwf,
5227		int *tight);
5228	__isl_give isl_pw_qpolynomial_fold *
5229	isl_map_apply_pw_qpolynomial_fold(
5230		__isl_take isl_map *map,
5231		__isl_take isl_pw_qpolynomial_fold *pwf,
5232		int *tight);
5233	__isl_give isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_fold *
5234	isl_union_set_apply_union_pw_qpolynomial_fold(
5235		__isl_take isl_union_set *uset,
5236		__isl_take isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_fold *upwf,
5237		int *tight);
5238	__isl_give isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_fold *
5239	isl_union_map_apply_union_pw_qpolynomial_fold(
5240		__isl_take isl_union_map *umap,
5241		__isl_take isl_union_pw_qpolynomial_fold *upwf,
5242		int *tight);
5243
5244The functions taking a map
5245compose the given map with the given piecewise quasipolynomial reduction.
5246That is, compute a bound (of the same type as C<pwf> or C<upwf> itself)
5247over all elements in the intersection of the range of the map
5248and the domain of the piecewise quasipolynomial reduction
5249as a function of an element in the domain of the map.
5250The functions taking a set compute a bound over all elements in the
5251intersection of the set and the domain of the
5252piecewise quasipolynomial reduction.
5253
5254=head2 Parametric Vertex Enumeration
5255
5256The parametric vertex enumeration described in this section
5257is mainly intended to be used internally and by the C<barvinok>
5258library.
5259
5260	#include <isl/vertices.h>
5261	__isl_give isl_vertices *isl_basic_set_compute_vertices(
5262		__isl_keep isl_basic_set *bset);
5263
5264The function C<isl_basic_set_compute_vertices> performs the
5265actual computation of the parametric vertices and the chamber
5266decomposition and store the result in an C<isl_vertices> object.
5267This information can be queried by either iterating over all
5268the vertices or iterating over all the chambers or cells
5269and then iterating over all vertices that are active on the chamber.
5270
5271	int isl_vertices_foreach_vertex(
5272		__isl_keep isl_vertices *vertices,
5273		int (*fn)(__isl_take isl_vertex *vertex, void *user),
5274		void *user);
5275
5276	int isl_vertices_foreach_cell(
5277		__isl_keep isl_vertices *vertices,
5278		int (*fn)(__isl_take isl_cell *cell, void *user),
5279		void *user);
5280	int isl_cell_foreach_vertex(__isl_keep isl_cell *cell,
5281		int (*fn)(__isl_take isl_vertex *vertex, void *user),
5282		void *user);
5283
5284Other operations that can be performed on an C<isl_vertices> object are
5285the following.
5286
5287	isl_ctx *isl_vertices_get_ctx(
5288		__isl_keep isl_vertices *vertices);
5289	int isl_vertices_get_n_vertices(
5290		__isl_keep isl_vertices *vertices);
5291	void isl_vertices_free(__isl_take isl_vertices *vertices);
5292
5293Vertices can be inspected and destroyed using the following functions.
5294
5295	isl_ctx *isl_vertex_get_ctx(__isl_keep isl_vertex *vertex);
5296	int isl_vertex_get_id(__isl_keep isl_vertex *vertex);
5297	__isl_give isl_basic_set *isl_vertex_get_domain(
5298		__isl_keep isl_vertex *vertex);
5299	__isl_give isl_basic_set *isl_vertex_get_expr(
5300		__isl_keep isl_vertex *vertex);
5301	void isl_vertex_free(__isl_take isl_vertex *vertex);
5302
5303C<isl_vertex_get_expr> returns a singleton parametric set describing
5304the vertex, while C<isl_vertex_get_domain> returns the activity domain
5305of the vertex.
5306Note that C<isl_vertex_get_domain> and C<isl_vertex_get_expr> return
5307B<rational> basic sets, so they should mainly be used for inspection
5308and should not be mixed with integer sets.
5309
5310Chambers can be inspected and destroyed using the following functions.
5311
5312	isl_ctx *isl_cell_get_ctx(__isl_keep isl_cell *cell);
5313	__isl_give isl_basic_set *isl_cell_get_domain(
5314		__isl_keep isl_cell *cell);
5315	void isl_cell_free(__isl_take isl_cell *cell);
5316
5317=head1 Polyhedral Compilation Library
5318
5319This section collects functionality in C<isl> that has been specifically
5320designed for use during polyhedral compilation.
5321
5322=head2 Dependence Analysis
5323
5324C<isl> contains specialized functionality for performing
5325array dataflow analysis.  That is, given a I<sink> access relation
5326and a collection of possible I<source> access relations,
5327C<isl> can compute relations that describe
5328for each iteration of the sink access, which iteration
5329of which of the source access relations was the last
5330to access the same data element before the given iteration
5331of the sink access.
5332The resulting dependence relations map source iterations
5333to the corresponding sink iterations.
5334To compute standard flow dependences, the sink should be
5335a read, while the sources should be writes.
5336If any of the source accesses are marked as being I<may>
5337accesses, then there will be a dependence from the last
5338I<must> access B<and> from any I<may> access that follows
5339this last I<must> access.
5340In particular, if I<all> sources are I<may> accesses,
5341then memory based dependence analysis is performed.
5342If, on the other hand, all sources are I<must> accesses,
5343then value based dependence analysis is performed.
5344
5345	#include <isl/flow.h>
5346
5347	typedef int (*isl_access_level_before)(void *first, void *second);
5348
5349	__isl_give isl_access_info *isl_access_info_alloc(
5350		__isl_take isl_map *sink,
5351		void *sink_user, isl_access_level_before fn,
5352		int max_source);
5353	__isl_give isl_access_info *isl_access_info_add_source(
5354		__isl_take isl_access_info *acc,
5355		__isl_take isl_map *source, int must,
5356		void *source_user);
5357	void *isl_access_info_free(__isl_take isl_access_info *acc);
5358
5359	__isl_give isl_flow *isl_access_info_compute_flow(
5360		__isl_take isl_access_info *acc);
5361
5362	int isl_flow_foreach(__isl_keep isl_flow *deps,
5363		int (*fn)(__isl_take isl_map *dep, int must,
5364			  void *dep_user, void *user),
5365		void *user);
5366	__isl_give isl_map *isl_flow_get_no_source(
5367		__isl_keep isl_flow *deps, int must);
5368	void isl_flow_free(__isl_take isl_flow *deps);
5369
5370The function C<isl_access_info_compute_flow> performs the actual
5371dependence analysis.  The other functions are used to construct
5372the input for this function or to read off the output.
5373
5374The input is collected in an C<isl_access_info>, which can
5375be created through a call to C<isl_access_info_alloc>.
5376The arguments to this functions are the sink access relation
5377C<sink>, a token C<sink_user> used to identify the sink
5378access to the user, a callback function for specifying the
5379relative order of source and sink accesses, and the number
5380of source access relations that will be added.
5381The callback function has type C<int (*)(void *first, void *second)>.
5382The function is called with two user supplied tokens identifying
5383either a source or the sink and it should return the shared nesting
5384level and the relative order of the two accesses.
5385In particular, let I<n> be the number of loops shared by
5386the two accesses.  If C<first> precedes C<second> textually,
5387then the function should return I<2 * n + 1>; otherwise,
5388it should return I<2 * n>.
5389The sources can be added to the C<isl_access_info> by performing
5390(at most) C<max_source> calls to C<isl_access_info_add_source>.
5391C<must> indicates whether the source is a I<must> access
5392or a I<may> access.  Note that a multi-valued access relation
5393should only be marked I<must> if every iteration in the domain
5394of the relation accesses I<all> elements in its image.
5395The C<source_user> token is again used to identify
5396the source access.  The range of the source access relation
5397C<source> should have the same dimension as the range
5398of the sink access relation.
5399The C<isl_access_info_free> function should usually not be
5400called explicitly, because it is called implicitly by
5401C<isl_access_info_compute_flow>.
5402
5403The result of the dependence analysis is collected in an
5404C<isl_flow>.  There may be elements of
5405the sink access for which no preceding source access could be
5406found or for which all preceding sources are I<may> accesses.
5407The relations containing these elements can be obtained through
5408calls to C<isl_flow_get_no_source>, the first with C<must> set
5409and the second with C<must> unset.
5410In the case of standard flow dependence analysis,
5411with the sink a read and the sources I<must> writes,
5412the first relation corresponds to the reads from uninitialized
5413array elements and the second relation is empty.
5414The actual flow dependences can be extracted using
5415C<isl_flow_foreach>.  This function will call the user-specified
5416callback function C<fn> for each B<non-empty> dependence between
5417a source and the sink.  The callback function is called
5418with four arguments, the actual flow dependence relation
5419mapping source iterations to sink iterations, a boolean that
5420indicates whether it is a I<must> or I<may> dependence, a token
5421identifying the source and an additional C<void *> with value
5422equal to the third argument of the C<isl_flow_foreach> call.
5423A dependence is marked I<must> if it originates from a I<must>
5424source and if it is not followed by any I<may> sources.
5425
5426After finishing with an C<isl_flow>, the user should call
5427C<isl_flow_free> to free all associated memory.
5428
5429A higher-level interface to dependence analysis is provided
5430by the following function.
5431
5432	#include <isl/flow.h>
5433
5434	int isl_union_map_compute_flow(__isl_take isl_union_map *sink,
5435		__isl_take isl_union_map *must_source,
5436		__isl_take isl_union_map *may_source,
5437		__isl_take isl_union_map *schedule,
5438		__isl_give isl_union_map **must_dep,
5439		__isl_give isl_union_map **may_dep,
5440		__isl_give isl_union_map **must_no_source,
5441		__isl_give isl_union_map **may_no_source);
5442
5443The arrays are identified by the tuple names of the ranges
5444of the accesses.  The iteration domains by the tuple names
5445of the domains of the accesses and of the schedule.
5446The relative order of the iteration domains is given by the
5447schedule.  The relations returned through C<must_no_source>
5448and C<may_no_source> are subsets of C<sink>.
5449Any of C<must_dep>, C<may_dep>, C<must_no_source>
5450or C<may_no_source> may be C<NULL>, but a C<NULL> value for
5451any of the other arguments is treated as an error.
5452
5453=head3 Interaction with Dependence Analysis
5454
5455During the dependence analysis, we frequently need to perform
5456the following operation.  Given a relation between sink iterations
5457and potential source iterations from a particular source domain,
5458what is the last potential source iteration corresponding to each
5459sink iteration.  It can sometimes be convenient to adjust
5460the set of potential source iterations before or after each such operation.
5461The prototypical example is fuzzy array dataflow analysis,
5462where we need to analyze if, based on data-dependent constraints,
5463the sink iteration can ever be executed without one or more of
5464the corresponding potential source iterations being executed.
5465If so, we can introduce extra parameters and select an unknown
5466but fixed source iteration from the potential source iterations.
5467To be able to perform such manipulations, C<isl> provides the following
5468function.
5469
5470	#include <isl/flow.h>
5471
5472	typedef __isl_give isl_restriction *(*isl_access_restrict)(
5473		__isl_keep isl_map *source_map,
5474		__isl_keep isl_set *sink, void *source_user,
5475		void *user);
5476	__isl_give isl_access_info *isl_access_info_set_restrict(
5477		__isl_take isl_access_info *acc,
5478		isl_access_restrict fn, void *user);
5479
5480The function C<isl_access_info_set_restrict> should be called
5481before calling C<isl_access_info_compute_flow> and registers a callback function
5482that will be called any time C<isl> is about to compute the last
5483potential source.  The first argument is the (reverse) proto-dependence,
5484mapping sink iterations to potential source iterations.
5485The second argument represents the sink iterations for which
5486we want to compute the last source iteration.
5487The third argument is the token corresponding to the source
5488and the final argument is the token passed to C<isl_access_info_set_restrict>.
5489The callback is expected to return a restriction on either the input or
5490the output of the operation computing the last potential source.
5491If the input needs to be restricted then restrictions are needed
5492for both the source and the sink iterations.  The sink iterations
5493and the potential source iterations will be intersected with these sets.
5494If the output needs to be restricted then only a restriction on the source
5495iterations is required.
5496If any error occurs, the callback should return C<NULL>.
5497An C<isl_restriction> object can be created, freed and inspected
5498using the following functions.
5499
5500	#include <isl/flow.h>
5501
5502	__isl_give isl_restriction *isl_restriction_input(
5503		__isl_take isl_set *source_restr,
5504		__isl_take isl_set *sink_restr);
5505	__isl_give isl_restriction *isl_restriction_output(
5506		__isl_take isl_set *source_restr);
5507	__isl_give isl_restriction *isl_restriction_none(
5508		__isl_take isl_map *source_map);
5509	__isl_give isl_restriction *isl_restriction_empty(
5510		__isl_take isl_map *source_map);
5511	void *isl_restriction_free(
5512		__isl_take isl_restriction *restr);
5513	isl_ctx *isl_restriction_get_ctx(
5514		__isl_keep isl_restriction *restr);
5515
5516C<isl_restriction_none> and C<isl_restriction_empty> are special
5517cases of C<isl_restriction_input>.  C<isl_restriction_none>
5518is essentially equivalent to
5519
5520	isl_restriction_input(isl_set_universe(
5521	    isl_space_range(isl_map_get_space(source_map))),
5522			    isl_set_universe(
5523	    isl_space_domain(isl_map_get_space(source_map))));
5524
5525whereas C<isl_restriction_empty> is essentially equivalent to
5526
5527	isl_restriction_input(isl_set_empty(
5528	    isl_space_range(isl_map_get_space(source_map))),
5529			    isl_set_universe(
5530	    isl_space_domain(isl_map_get_space(source_map))));
5531
5532=head2 Scheduling
5533
5534B<The functionality described in this section is fairly new
5535and may be subject to change.>
5536
5537The following function can be used to compute a schedule
5538for a union of domains.
5539By default, the algorithm used to construct the schedule is similar
5540to that of C<Pluto>.
5541Alternatively, Feautrier's multi-dimensional scheduling algorithm can
5542be selected.
5543The generated schedule respects all C<validity> dependences.
5544That is, all dependence distances over these dependences in the
5545scheduled space are lexicographically positive.
5546The default algorithm tries to minimize the dependence distances over
5547C<proximity> dependences.
5548Moreover, it tries to obtain sequences (bands) of schedule dimensions
5549for groups of domains where the dependence distances have only
5550non-negative values.
5551When using Feautrier's algorithm, the C<proximity> dependence
5552distances are only minimized during the extension to a
5553full-dimensional schedule.
5554
5555	#include <isl/schedule.h>
5556	__isl_give isl_schedule *isl_union_set_compute_schedule(
5557		__isl_take isl_union_set *domain,
5558		__isl_take isl_union_map *validity,
5559		__isl_take isl_union_map *proximity);
5560	void *isl_schedule_free(__isl_take isl_schedule *sched);
5561
5562A mapping from the domains to the scheduled space can be obtained
5563from an C<isl_schedule> using the following function.
5564
5565	__isl_give isl_union_map *isl_schedule_get_map(
5566		__isl_keep isl_schedule *sched);
5567
5568A representation of the schedule can be printed using
5569	 
5570	__isl_give isl_printer *isl_printer_print_schedule(
5571		__isl_take isl_printer *p,
5572		__isl_keep isl_schedule *schedule);
5573
5574A representation of the schedule as a forest of bands can be obtained
5575using the following function.
5576
5577	__isl_give isl_band_list *isl_schedule_get_band_forest(
5578		__isl_keep isl_schedule *schedule);
5579
5580The individual bands can be visited in depth-first post-order
5581using the following function.
5582
5583	#include <isl/schedule.h>
5584	int isl_schedule_foreach_band(
5585		__isl_keep isl_schedule *sched,
5586		int (*fn)(__isl_keep isl_band *band, void *user),
5587		void *user);
5588
5589The list can be manipulated as explained in L<"Lists">.
5590The bands inside the list can be copied and freed using the following
5591functions.
5592
5593	#include <isl/band.h>
5594	__isl_give isl_band *isl_band_copy(
5595		__isl_keep isl_band *band);
5596	void *isl_band_free(__isl_take isl_band *band);
5597
5598Each band contains zero or more scheduling dimensions.
5599These are referred to as the members of the band.
5600The section of the schedule that corresponds to the band is
5601referred to as the partial schedule of the band.
5602For those nodes that participate in a band, the outer scheduling
5603dimensions form the prefix schedule, while the inner scheduling
5604dimensions form the suffix schedule.
5605That is, if we take a cut of the band forest, then the union of
5606the concatenations of the prefix, partial and suffix schedules of
5607each band in the cut is equal to the entire schedule (modulo
5608some possible padding at the end with zero scheduling dimensions).
5609The properties of a band can be inspected using the following functions.
5610
5611	#include <isl/band.h>
5612	isl_ctx *isl_band_get_ctx(__isl_keep isl_band *band);
5613
5614	int isl_band_has_children(__isl_keep isl_band *band);
5615	__isl_give isl_band_list *isl_band_get_children(
5616		__isl_keep isl_band *band);
5617
5618	__isl_give isl_union_map *isl_band_get_prefix_schedule(
5619		__isl_keep isl_band *band);
5620	__isl_give isl_union_map *isl_band_get_partial_schedule(
5621		__isl_keep isl_band *band);
5622	__isl_give isl_union_map *isl_band_get_suffix_schedule(
5623		__isl_keep isl_band *band);
5624
5625	int isl_band_n_member(__isl_keep isl_band *band);
5626	int isl_band_member_is_zero_distance(
5627		__isl_keep isl_band *band, int pos);
5628
5629	int isl_band_list_foreach_band(
5630		__isl_keep isl_band_list *list,
5631		int (*fn)(__isl_keep isl_band *band, void *user),
5632		void *user);
5633
5634Note that a scheduling dimension is considered to be ``zero
5635distance'' if it does not carry any proximity dependences
5636within its band.
5637That is, if the dependence distances of the proximity
5638dependences are all zero in that direction (for fixed
5639iterations of outer bands).
5640Like C<isl_schedule_foreach_band>,
5641the function C<isl_band_list_foreach_band> calls C<fn> on the bands
5642in depth-first post-order.
5643
5644A band can be tiled using the following function.
5645
5646	#include <isl/band.h>
5647	int isl_band_tile(__isl_keep isl_band *band,
5648		__isl_take isl_vec *sizes);
5649
5650	int isl_options_set_tile_scale_tile_loops(isl_ctx *ctx,
5651		int val);
5652	int isl_options_get_tile_scale_tile_loops(isl_ctx *ctx);
5653	int isl_options_set_tile_shift_point_loops(isl_ctx *ctx,
5654		int val);
5655	int isl_options_get_tile_shift_point_loops(isl_ctx *ctx);
5656
5657The C<isl_band_tile> function tiles the band using the given tile sizes
5658inside its schedule.
5659A new child band is created to represent the point loops and it is
5660inserted between the modified band and its children.
5661The C<tile_scale_tile_loops> option specifies whether the tile
5662loops iterators should be scaled by the tile sizes.
5663If the C<tile_shift_point_loops> option is set, then the point loops
5664are shifted to start at zero.
5665
5666A band can be split into two nested bands using the following function.
5667
5668	int isl_band_split(__isl_keep isl_band *band, int pos);
5669
5670The resulting outer band contains the first C<pos> dimensions of C<band>
5671while the inner band contains the remaining dimensions.
5672
5673A representation of the band can be printed using
5674
5675	#include <isl/band.h>
5676	__isl_give isl_printer *isl_printer_print_band(
5677		__isl_take isl_printer *p,
5678		__isl_keep isl_band *band);
5679
5680=head3 Options
5681
5682	#include <isl/schedule.h>
5683	int isl_options_set_schedule_max_coefficient(
5684		isl_ctx *ctx, int val);
5685	int isl_options_get_schedule_max_coefficient(
5686		isl_ctx *ctx);
5687	int isl_options_set_schedule_max_constant_term(
5688		isl_ctx *ctx, int val);
5689	int isl_options_get_schedule_max_constant_term(
5690		isl_ctx *ctx);
5691	int isl_options_set_schedule_fuse(isl_ctx *ctx, int val);
5692	int isl_options_get_schedule_fuse(isl_ctx *ctx);
5693	int isl_options_set_schedule_maximize_band_depth(
5694		isl_ctx *ctx, int val);
5695	int isl_options_get_schedule_maximize_band_depth(
5696		isl_ctx *ctx);
5697	int isl_options_set_schedule_outer_zero_distance(
5698		isl_ctx *ctx, int val);
5699	int isl_options_get_schedule_outer_zero_distance(
5700		isl_ctx *ctx);
5701	int isl_options_set_schedule_split_scaled(
5702		isl_ctx *ctx, int val);
5703	int isl_options_get_schedule_split_scaled(
5704		isl_ctx *ctx);
5705	int isl_options_set_schedule_algorithm(
5706		isl_ctx *ctx, int val);
5707	int isl_options_get_schedule_algorithm(
5708		isl_ctx *ctx);
5709	int isl_options_set_schedule_separate_components(
5710		isl_ctx *ctx, int val);
5711	int isl_options_get_schedule_separate_components(
5712		isl_ctx *ctx);
5713
5714=over
5715
5716=item * schedule_max_coefficient
5717
5718This option enforces that the coefficients for variable and parameter
5719dimensions in the calculated schedule are not larger than the specified value.
5720This option can significantly increase the speed of the scheduling calculation
5721and may also prevent fusing of unrelated dimensions. A value of -1 means that
5722this option does not introduce bounds on the variable or parameter
5723coefficients.
5724
5725=item * schedule_max_constant_term
5726
5727This option enforces that the constant coefficients in the calculated schedule
5728are not larger than the maximal constant term. This option can significantly
5729increase the speed of the scheduling calculation and may also prevent fusing of
5730unrelated dimensions. A value of -1 means that this option does not introduce
5731bounds on the constant coefficients.
5732
5733=item * schedule_fuse
5734
5735This option controls the level of fusion.
5736If this option is set to C<ISL_SCHEDULE_FUSE_MIN>, then loops in the
5737resulting schedule will be distributed as much as possible.
5738If this option is set to C<ISL_SCHEDULE_FUSE_MAX>, then C<isl> will
5739try to fuse loops in the resulting schedule.
5740
5741=item * schedule_maximize_band_depth
5742
5743If this option is set, we do not split bands at the point
5744where we detect splitting is necessary. Instead, we
5745backtrack and split bands as early as possible. This
5746reduces the number of splits and maximizes the width of
5747the bands. Wider bands give more possibilities for tiling.
5748Note that if the C<schedule_fuse> option is set to C<ISL_SCHEDULE_FUSE_MIN>,
5749then bands will be split as early as possible, even if there is no need.
5750The C<schedule_maximize_band_depth> option therefore has no effect in this case.
5751
5752=item * schedule_outer_zero_distance
5753
5754If this option is set, then we try to construct schedules
5755where the outermost scheduling dimension in each band
5756results in a zero dependence distance over the proximity
5757dependences.
5758
5759=item * schedule_split_scaled
5760
5761If this option is set, then we try to construct schedules in which the
5762constant term is split off from the linear part if the linear parts of
5763the scheduling rows for all nodes in the graphs have a common non-trivial
5764divisor.
5765The constant term is then placed in a separate band and the linear
5766part is reduced.
5767
5768=item * schedule_algorithm
5769
5770Selects the scheduling algorithm to be used.
5771Available scheduling algorithms are C<ISL_SCHEDULE_ALGORITHM_ISL>
5772and C<ISL_SCHEDULE_ALGORITHM_FEAUTRIER>.
5773
5774=item * schedule_separate_components
5775
5776If at any point the dependence graph contains any (weakly connected) components,
5777then these components are scheduled separately.
5778If this option is not set, then some iterations of the domains
5779in these components may be scheduled together.
5780If this option is set, then the components are given consecutive
5781schedules.
5782
5783=back
5784
5785=head2 AST Generation
5786
5787This section describes the C<isl> functionality for generating
5788ASTs that visit all the elements
5789in a domain in an order specified by a schedule.
5790In particular, given a C<isl_union_map>, an AST is generated
5791that visits all the elements in the domain of the C<isl_union_map>
5792according to the lexicographic order of the corresponding image
5793element(s).  If the range of the C<isl_union_map> consists of
5794elements in more than one space, then each of these spaces is handled
5795separately in an arbitrary order.
5796It should be noted that the image elements only specify the I<order>
5797in which the corresponding domain elements should be visited.
5798No direct relation between the image elements and the loop iterators
5799in the generated AST should be assumed.
5800
5801Each AST is generated within a build.  The initial build
5802simply specifies the constraints on the parameters (if any)
5803and can be created, inspected, copied and freed using the following functions.
5804
5805	#include <isl/ast_build.h>
5806	__isl_give isl_ast_build *isl_ast_build_from_context(
5807		__isl_take isl_set *set);
5808	isl_ctx *isl_ast_build_get_ctx(
5809		__isl_keep isl_ast_build *build);
5810	__isl_give isl_ast_build *isl_ast_build_copy(
5811		__isl_keep isl_ast_build *build);
5812	void *isl_ast_build_free(
5813		__isl_take isl_ast_build *build);
5814
5815The C<set> argument is usually a parameter set with zero or more parameters.
5816More C<isl_ast_build> functions are described in L</"Nested AST Generation">
5817and L</"Fine-grained Control over AST Generation">.
5818Finally, the AST itself can be constructed using the following
5819function.
5820
5821	#include <isl/ast_build.h>
5822	__isl_give isl_ast_node *isl_ast_build_ast_from_schedule(
5823		__isl_keep isl_ast_build *build,
5824		__isl_take isl_union_map *schedule);
5825
5826=head3 Inspecting the AST
5827
5828The basic properties of an AST node can be obtained as follows.
5829
5830	#include <isl/ast.h>
5831	isl_ctx *isl_ast_node_get_ctx(
5832		__isl_keep isl_ast_node *node);
5833	enum isl_ast_node_type isl_ast_node_get_type(
5834		__isl_keep isl_ast_node *node);
5835
5836The type of an AST node is one of
5837C<isl_ast_node_for>,
5838C<isl_ast_node_if>,
5839C<isl_ast_node_block> or
5840C<isl_ast_node_user>.
5841An C<isl_ast_node_for> represents a for node.
5842An C<isl_ast_node_if> represents an if node.
5843An C<isl_ast_node_block> represents a compound node.
5844An C<isl_ast_node_user> represents an expression statement.
5845An expression statement typically corresponds to a domain element, i.e.,
5846one of the elements that is visited by the AST.
5847
5848Each type of node has its own additional properties.
5849
5850	#include <isl/ast.h>
5851	__isl_give isl_ast_expr *isl_ast_node_for_get_iterator(
5852		__isl_keep isl_ast_node *node);
5853	__isl_give isl_ast_expr *isl_ast_node_for_get_init(
5854		__isl_keep isl_ast_node *node);
5855	__isl_give isl_ast_expr *isl_ast_node_for_get_cond(
5856		__isl_keep isl_ast_node *node);
5857	__isl_give isl_ast_expr *isl_ast_node_for_get_inc(
5858		__isl_keep isl_ast_node *node);
5859	__isl_give isl_ast_node *isl_ast_node_for_get_body(
5860		__isl_keep isl_ast_node *node);
5861	int isl_ast_node_for_is_degenerate(
5862		__isl_keep isl_ast_node *node);
5863
5864An C<isl_ast_for> is considered degenerate if it is known to execute
5865exactly once.
5866
5867	#include <isl/ast.h>
5868	__isl_give isl_ast_expr *isl_ast_node_if_get_cond(
5869		__isl_keep isl_ast_node *node);
5870	__isl_give isl_ast_node *isl_ast_node_if_get_then(
5871		__isl_keep isl_ast_node *node);
5872	int isl_ast_node_if_has_else(
5873		__isl_keep isl_ast_node *node);
5874	__isl_give isl_ast_node *isl_ast_node_if_get_else(
5875		__isl_keep isl_ast_node *node);
5876
5877	__isl_give isl_ast_node_list *
5878	isl_ast_node_block_get_children(
5879		__isl_keep isl_ast_node *node);
5880
5881	__isl_give isl_ast_expr *isl_ast_node_user_get_expr(
5882		__isl_keep isl_ast_node *node);
5883
5884Each of the returned C<isl_ast_expr>s can in turn be inspected using
5885the following functions.
5886
5887	#include <isl/ast.h>
5888	isl_ctx *isl_ast_expr_get_ctx(
5889		__isl_keep isl_ast_expr *expr);
5890	enum isl_ast_expr_type isl_ast_expr_get_type(
5891		__isl_keep isl_ast_expr *expr);
5892
5893The type of an AST expression is one of
5894C<isl_ast_expr_op>,
5895C<isl_ast_expr_id> or
5896C<isl_ast_expr_int>.
5897An C<isl_ast_expr_op> represents the result of an operation.
5898An C<isl_ast_expr_id> represents an identifier.
5899An C<isl_ast_expr_int> represents an integer value.
5900
5901Each type of expression has its own additional properties.
5902
5903	#include <isl/ast.h>
5904	enum isl_ast_op_type isl_ast_expr_get_op_type(
5905		__isl_keep isl_ast_expr *expr);
5906	int isl_ast_expr_get_op_n_arg(__isl_keep isl_ast_expr *expr);
5907	__isl_give isl_ast_expr *isl_ast_expr_get_op_arg(
5908		__isl_keep isl_ast_expr *expr, int pos);
5909	int isl_ast_node_foreach_ast_op_type(
5910		__isl_keep isl_ast_node *node,
5911		int (*fn)(enum isl_ast_op_type type, void *user),
5912		void *user);
5913
5914C<isl_ast_expr_get_op_type> returns the type of the operation
5915performed.  C<isl_ast_expr_get_op_n_arg> returns the number of
5916arguments.  C<isl_ast_expr_get_op_arg> returns the specified
5917argument.
5918C<isl_ast_node_foreach_ast_op_type> calls C<fn> for each distinct
5919C<isl_ast_op_type> that appears in C<node>.
5920The operation type is one of the following.
5921
5922=over
5923
5924=item C<isl_ast_op_and>
5925
5926Logical I<and> of two arguments.
5927Both arguments can be evaluated.
5928
5929=item C<isl_ast_op_and_then>
5930
5931Logical I<and> of two arguments.
5932The second argument can only be evaluated if the first evaluates to true.
5933
5934=item C<isl_ast_op_or>
5935
5936Logical I<or> of two arguments.
5937Both arguments can be evaluated.
5938
5939=item C<isl_ast_op_or_else>
5940
5941Logical I<or> of two arguments.
5942The second argument can only be evaluated if the first evaluates to false.
5943
5944=item C<isl_ast_op_max>
5945
5946Maximum of two or more arguments.
5947
5948=item C<isl_ast_op_min>
5949
5950Minimum of two or more arguments.
5951
5952=item C<isl_ast_op_minus>
5953
5954Change sign.
5955
5956=item C<isl_ast_op_add>
5957
5958Sum of two arguments.
5959
5960=item C<isl_ast_op_sub>
5961
5962Difference of two arguments.
5963
5964=item C<isl_ast_op_mul>
5965
5966Product of two arguments.
5967
5968=item C<isl_ast_op_div>
5969
5970Exact division.  That is, the result is known to be an integer.
5971
5972=item C<isl_ast_op_fdiv_q>
5973
5974Result of integer division, rounded towards negative
5975infinity.
5976
5977=item C<isl_ast_op_pdiv_q>
5978
5979Result of integer division, where dividend is known to be non-negative.
5980
5981=item C<isl_ast_op_pdiv_r>
5982
5983Remainder of integer division, where dividend is known to be non-negative.
5984
5985=item C<isl_ast_op_cond>
5986
5987Conditional operator defined on three arguments.
5988If the first argument evaluates to true, then the result
5989is equal to the second argument.  Otherwise, the result
5990is equal to the third argument.
5991The second and third argument may only be evaluated if
5992the first argument evaluates to true and false, respectively.
5993Corresponds to C<a ? b : c> in C.
5994
5995=item C<isl_ast_op_select>
5996
5997Conditional operator defined on three arguments.
5998If the first argument evaluates to true, then the result
5999is equal to the second argument.  Otherwise, the result
6000is equal to the third argument.
6001The second and third argument may be evaluated independently
6002of the value of the first argument.
6003Corresponds to C<a * b + (1 - a) * c> in C.
6004
6005=item C<isl_ast_op_eq>
6006
6007Equality relation.
6008
6009=item C<isl_ast_op_le>
6010
6011Less than or equal relation.
6012
6013=item C<isl_ast_op_lt>
6014
6015Less than relation.
6016
6017=item C<isl_ast_op_ge>
6018
6019Greater than or equal relation.
6020
6021=item C<isl_ast_op_gt>
6022
6023Greater than relation.
6024
6025=item C<isl_ast_op_call>
6026
6027A function call.
6028The number of arguments of the C<isl_ast_expr> is one more than
6029the number of arguments in the function call, the first argument
6030representing the function being called.
6031
6032=back
6033
6034	#include <isl/ast.h>
6035	__isl_give isl_id *isl_ast_expr_get_id(
6036		__isl_keep isl_ast_expr *expr);
6037
6038Return the identifier represented by the AST expression.
6039
6040	#include <isl/ast.h>
6041	int isl_ast_expr_get_int(__isl_keep isl_ast_expr *expr,
6042		isl_int *v);
6043	__isl_give isl_val *isl_ast_expr_get_val(
6044		__isl_keep isl_ast_expr *expr);
6045
6046Return the integer represented by the AST expression.
6047Note that the integer is returned by C<isl_ast_expr_get_int>
6048through the C<v> argument.
6049The return value of this function itself indicates whether the
6050operation was performed successfully.
6051
6052=head3 Manipulating and printing the AST
6053
6054AST nodes can be copied and freed using the following functions.
6055
6056	#include <isl/ast.h>
6057	__isl_give isl_ast_node *isl_ast_node_copy(
6058		__isl_keep isl_ast_node *node);
6059	void *isl_ast_node_free(__isl_take isl_ast_node *node);
6060
6061AST expressions can be copied and freed using the following functions.
6062
6063	#include <isl/ast.h>
6064	__isl_give isl_ast_expr *isl_ast_expr_copy(
6065		__isl_keep isl_ast_expr *expr);
6066	void *isl_ast_expr_free(__isl_take isl_ast_expr *expr);
6067
6068New AST expressions can be created either directly or within
6069the context of an C<isl_ast_build>.
6070
6071	#include <isl/ast.h>
6072	__isl_give isl_ast_expr *isl_ast_expr_from_val(
6073		__isl_take isl_val *v);
6074	__isl_give isl_ast_expr *isl_ast_expr_from_id(
6075		__isl_take isl_id *id);
6076	__isl_give isl_ast_expr *isl_ast_expr_neg(
6077		__isl_take isl_ast_expr *expr);
6078	__isl_give isl_ast_expr *isl_ast_expr_add(
6079		__isl_take isl_ast_expr *expr1,
6080		__isl_take isl_ast_expr *expr2);
6081	__isl_give isl_ast_expr *isl_ast_expr_sub(
6082		__isl_take isl_ast_expr *expr1,
6083		__isl_take isl_ast_expr *expr2);
6084	__isl_give isl_ast_expr *isl_ast_expr_mul(
6085		__isl_take isl_ast_expr *expr1,
6086		__isl_take isl_ast_expr *expr2);
6087	__isl_give isl_ast_expr *isl_ast_expr_div(
6088		__isl_take isl_ast_expr *expr1,
6089		__isl_take isl_ast_expr *expr2);
6090	__isl_give isl_ast_expr *isl_ast_expr_and(
6091		__isl_take isl_ast_expr *expr1,
6092		__isl_take isl_ast_expr *expr2)
6093	__isl_give isl_ast_expr *isl_ast_expr_or(
6094		__isl_take isl_ast_expr *expr1,
6095		__isl_take isl_ast_expr *expr2)
6096
6097	#include <isl/ast_build.h>
6098	__isl_give isl_ast_expr *isl_ast_build_expr_from_pw_aff(
6099		__isl_keep isl_ast_build *build,
6100		__isl_take isl_pw_aff *pa);
6101	__isl_give isl_ast_expr *
6102	isl_ast_build_call_from_pw_multi_aff(
6103		__isl_keep isl_ast_build *build,
6104		__isl_take isl_pw_multi_aff *pma);
6105
6106The domains of C<pa> and C<pma> should correspond
6107to the schedule space of C<build>.
6108The tuple id of C<pma> is used as the function being called.
6109
6110User specified data can be attached to an C<isl_ast_node> and obtained
6111from the same C<isl_ast_node> using the following functions.
6112
6113	#include <isl/ast.h>
6114	__isl_give isl_ast_node *isl_ast_node_set_annotation(
6115		__isl_take isl_ast_node *node,
6116		__isl_take isl_id *annotation);
6117	__isl_give isl_id *isl_ast_node_get_annotation(
6118		__isl_keep isl_ast_node *node);
6119
6120Basic printing can be performed using the following functions.
6121
6122	#include <isl/ast.h>
6123	__isl_give isl_printer *isl_printer_print_ast_expr(
6124		__isl_take isl_printer *p,
6125		__isl_keep isl_ast_expr *expr);
6126	__isl_give isl_printer *isl_printer_print_ast_node(
6127		__isl_take isl_printer *p,
6128		__isl_keep isl_ast_node *node);
6129
6130More advanced printing can be performed using the following functions.
6131
6132	#include <isl/ast.h>
6133	__isl_give isl_printer *isl_ast_op_type_print_macro(
6134		enum isl_ast_op_type type,
6135		__isl_take isl_printer *p);
6136	__isl_give isl_printer *isl_ast_node_print_macros(
6137		__isl_keep isl_ast_node *node,
6138		__isl_take isl_printer *p);
6139	__isl_give isl_printer *isl_ast_node_print(
6140		__isl_keep isl_ast_node *node,
6141		__isl_take isl_printer *p,
6142		__isl_take isl_ast_print_options *options);
6143	__isl_give isl_printer *isl_ast_node_for_print(
6144		__isl_keep isl_ast_node *node,
6145		__isl_take isl_printer *p,
6146		__isl_take isl_ast_print_options *options);
6147	__isl_give isl_printer *isl_ast_node_if_print(
6148		__isl_keep isl_ast_node *node,
6149		__isl_take isl_printer *p,
6150		__isl_take isl_ast_print_options *options);
6151
6152While printing an C<isl_ast_node> in C<ISL_FORMAT_C>,
6153C<isl> may print out an AST that makes use of macros such
6154as C<floord>, C<min> and C<max>.
6155C<isl_ast_op_type_print_macro> prints out the macro
6156corresponding to a specific C<isl_ast_op_type>.
6157C<isl_ast_node_print_macros> scans the C<isl_ast_node>
6158for expressions where these macros would be used and prints
6159out the required macro definitions.
6160Essentially, C<isl_ast_node_print_macros> calls
6161C<isl_ast_node_foreach_ast_op_type> with C<isl_ast_op_type_print_macro>
6162as function argument.
6163C<isl_ast_node_print>, C<isl_ast_node_for_print> and
6164C<isl_ast_node_if_print> print an C<isl_ast_node>
6165in C<ISL_FORMAT_C>, but allow for some extra control
6166through an C<isl_ast_print_options> object.
6167This object can be created using the following functions.
6168
6169	#include <isl/ast.h>
6170	__isl_give isl_ast_print_options *
6171	isl_ast_print_options_alloc(isl_ctx *ctx);
6172	__isl_give isl_ast_print_options *
6173	isl_ast_print_options_copy(
6174		__isl_keep isl_ast_print_options *options);
6175	void *isl_ast_print_options_free(
6176		__isl_take isl_ast_print_options *options);
6177
6178	__isl_give isl_ast_print_options *
6179	isl_ast_print_options_set_print_user(
6180		__isl_take isl_ast_print_options *options,
6181		__isl_give isl_printer *(*print_user)(
6182			__isl_take isl_printer *p,
6183			__isl_take isl_ast_print_options *options,
6184			__isl_keep isl_ast_node *node, void *user),
6185		void *user);
6186	__isl_give isl_ast_print_options *
6187	isl_ast_print_options_set_print_for(
6188		__isl_take isl_ast_print_options *options,
6189		__isl_give isl_printer *(*print_for)(
6190			__isl_take isl_printer *p,
6191			__isl_take isl_ast_print_options *options,
6192			__isl_keep isl_ast_node *node, void *user),
6193		void *user);
6194
6195The callback set by C<isl_ast_print_options_set_print_user>
6196is called whenever a node of type C<isl_ast_node_user> needs to
6197be printed.
6198The callback set by C<isl_ast_print_options_set_print_for>
6199is called whenever a node of type C<isl_ast_node_for> needs to
6200be printed.
6201Note that C<isl_ast_node_for_print> will I<not> call the
6202callback set by C<isl_ast_print_options_set_print_for> on the node
6203on which C<isl_ast_node_for_print> is called, but only on nested
6204nodes of type C<isl_ast_node_for>.  It is therefore safe to
6205call C<isl_ast_node_for_print> from within the callback set by
6206C<isl_ast_print_options_set_print_for>.
6207
6208The following option determines the type to be used for iterators
6209while printing the AST.
6210
6211	int isl_options_set_ast_iterator_type(
6212		isl_ctx *ctx, const char *val);
6213	const char *isl_options_get_ast_iterator_type(
6214		isl_ctx *ctx);
6215
6216=head3 Options
6217
6218	#include <isl/ast_build.h>
6219	int isl_options_set_ast_build_atomic_upper_bound(
6220		isl_ctx *ctx, int val);
6221	int isl_options_get_ast_build_atomic_upper_bound(
6222		isl_ctx *ctx);
6223	int isl_options_set_ast_build_prefer_pdiv(isl_ctx *ctx,
6224		int val);
6225	int isl_options_get_ast_build_prefer_pdiv(isl_ctx *ctx);
6226	int isl_options_set_ast_build_exploit_nested_bounds(
6227		isl_ctx *ctx, int val);
6228	int isl_options_get_ast_build_exploit_nested_bounds(
6229		isl_ctx *ctx);
6230	int isl_options_set_ast_build_group_coscheduled(
6231		isl_ctx *ctx, int val);
6232	int isl_options_get_ast_build_group_coscheduled(
6233		isl_ctx *ctx);
6234	int isl_options_set_ast_build_scale_strides(
6235		isl_ctx *ctx, int val);
6236	int isl_options_get_ast_build_scale_strides(
6237		isl_ctx *ctx);
6238	int isl_options_set_ast_build_allow_else(isl_ctx *ctx,
6239		int val);
6240	int isl_options_get_ast_build_allow_else(isl_ctx *ctx);
6241	int isl_options_set_ast_build_allow_or(isl_ctx *ctx,
6242		int val);
6243	int isl_options_get_ast_build_allow_or(isl_ctx *ctx);
6244
6245=over
6246
6247=item * ast_build_atomic_upper_bound
6248
6249Generate loop upper bounds that consist of the current loop iterator,
6250an operator and an expression not involving the iterator.
6251If this option is not set, then the current loop iterator may appear
6252several times in the upper bound.
6253For example, when this option is turned off, AST generation
6254for the schedule
6255
6256	[n] -> { A[i] -> [i] : 0 <= i <= 100, n }
6257
6258produces
6259
6260	for (int c0 = 0; c0 <= 100 && n >= c0; c0 += 1)
6261	  A(c0);
6262
6263When the option is turned on, the following AST is generated
6264
6265	for (int c0 = 0; c0 <= min(100, n); c0 += 1)
6266	  A(c0);
6267
6268=item * ast_build_prefer_pdiv
6269
6270If this option is turned off, then the AST generation will
6271produce ASTs that may only contain C<isl_ast_op_fdiv_q>
6272operators, but no C<isl_ast_op_pdiv_q> or
6273C<isl_ast_op_pdiv_r> operators.
6274If this options is turned on, then C<isl> will try to convert
6275some of the C<isl_ast_op_fdiv_q> operators to (expressions containing)
6276C<isl_ast_op_pdiv_q> or C<isl_ast_op_pdiv_r> operators.
6277
6278=item * ast_build_exploit_nested_bounds
6279
6280Simplify conditions based on bounds of nested for loops.
6281In particular, remove conditions that are implied by the fact
6282that one or more nested loops have at least one iteration,
6283meaning that the upper bound is at least as large as the lower bound.
6284For example, when this option is turned off, AST generation
6285for the schedule
6286
6287	[N,M] -> { A[i,j] -> [i,j] : 0 <= i <= N and
6288					0 <= j <= M }
6289
6290produces
6291
6292	if (M >= 0)
6293	  for (int c0 = 0; c0 <= N; c0 += 1)
6294	    for (int c1 = 0; c1 <= M; c1 += 1)
6295	      A(c0, c1);
6296
6297When the option is turned on, the following AST is generated
6298
6299	for (int c0 = 0; c0 <= N; c0 += 1)
6300	  for (int c1 = 0; c1 <= M; c1 += 1)
6301	    A(c0, c1);
6302
6303=item * ast_build_group_coscheduled
6304
6305If two domain elements are assigned the same schedule point, then
6306they may be executed in any order and they may even appear in different
6307loops.  If this options is set, then the AST generator will make
6308sure that coscheduled domain elements do not appear in separate parts
6309of the AST.  This is useful in case of nested AST generation
6310if the outer AST generation is given only part of a schedule
6311and the inner AST generation should handle the domains that are
6312coscheduled by this initial part of the schedule together.
6313For example if an AST is generated for a schedule
6314
6315	{ A[i] -> [0]; B[i] -> [0] }
6316
6317then the C<isl_ast_build_set_create_leaf> callback described
6318below may get called twice, once for each domain.
6319Setting this option ensures that the callback is only called once
6320on both domains together.
6321
6322=item * ast_build_separation_bounds
6323
6324This option specifies which bounds to use during separation.
6325If this option is set to C<ISL_AST_BUILD_SEPARATION_BOUNDS_IMPLICIT>
6326then all (possibly implicit) bounds on the current dimension will
6327be used during separation.
6328If this option is set to C<ISL_AST_BUILD_SEPARATION_BOUNDS_EXPLICIT>
6329then only those bounds that are explicitly available will
6330be used during separation.
6331
6332=item * ast_build_scale_strides
6333
6334This option specifies whether the AST generator is allowed
6335to scale down iterators of strided loops.
6336
6337=item * ast_build_allow_else
6338
6339This option specifies whether the AST generator is allowed
6340to construct if statements with else branches.
6341
6342=item * ast_build_allow_or
6343
6344This option specifies whether the AST generator is allowed
6345to construct if conditions with disjunctions.
6346
6347=back
6348
6349=head3 Fine-grained Control over AST Generation
6350
6351Besides specifying the constraints on the parameters,
6352an C<isl_ast_build> object can be used to control
6353various aspects of the AST generation process.
6354The most prominent way of control is through ``options'',
6355which can be set using the following function.
6356
6357	#include <isl/ast_build.h>
6358	__isl_give isl_ast_build *
6359	isl_ast_build_set_options(
6360		__isl_take isl_ast_build *control,
6361		__isl_take isl_union_map *options);
6362
6363The options are encoded in an <isl_union_map>.
6364The domain of this union relation refers to the schedule domain,
6365i.e., the range of the schedule passed to C<isl_ast_build_ast_from_schedule>.
6366In the case of nested AST generation (see L</"Nested AST Generation">),
6367the domain of C<options> should refer to the extra piece of the schedule.
6368That is, it should be equal to the range of the wrapped relation in the
6369range of the schedule.
6370The range of the options can consist of elements in one or more spaces,
6371the names of which determine the effect of the option.
6372The values of the range typically also refer to the schedule dimension
6373to which the option applies.  In case of nested AST generation
6374(see L</"Nested AST Generation">), these values refer to the position
6375of the schedule dimension within the innermost AST generation.
6376The constraints on the domain elements of
6377the option should only refer to this dimension and earlier dimensions.
6378We consider the following spaces.
6379
6380=over
6381
6382=item C<separation_class>
6383
6384This space is a wrapped relation between two one dimensional spaces.
6385The input space represents the schedule dimension to which the option
6386applies and the output space represents the separation class.
6387While constructing a loop corresponding to the specified schedule
6388dimension(s), the AST generator will try to generate separate loops
6389for domain elements that are assigned different classes.
6390If only some of the elements are assigned a class, then those elements
6391that are not assigned any class will be treated as belonging to a class
6392that is separate from the explicitly assigned classes.
6393The typical use case for this option is to separate full tiles from
6394partial tiles.
6395The other options, described below, are applied after the separation
6396into classes.
6397
6398As an example, consider the separation into full and partial tiles
6399of a tiling of a triangular domain.
6400Take, for example, the domain
6401
6402	{ A[i,j] : 0 <= i,j and i + j <= 100 }
6403
6404and a tiling into tiles of 10 by 10.  The input to the AST generator
6405is then the schedule
6406
6407	{ A[i,j] -> [([i/10]),[j/10],i,j] : 0 <= i,j and
6408						i + j <= 100 }
6409
6410Without any options, the following AST is generated
6411
6412	for (int c0 = 0; c0 <= 10; c0 += 1)
6413	  for (int c1 = 0; c1 <= -c0 + 10; c1 += 1)
6414	    for (int c2 = 10 * c0;
6415		 c2 <= min(-10 * c1 + 100, 10 * c0 + 9);
6416		 c2 += 1)
6417	      for (int c3 = 10 * c1;
6418		   c3 <= min(10 * c1 + 9, -c2 + 100);
6419		   c3 += 1)
6420		A(c2, c3);
6421
6422Separation into full and partial tiles can be obtained by assigning
6423a class, say C<0>, to the full tiles.  The full tiles are represented by those
6424values of the first and second schedule dimensions for which there are
6425values of the third and fourth dimensions to cover an entire tile.
6426That is, we need to specify the following option
6427
6428	{ [a,b,c,d] -> separation_class[[0]->[0]] :
6429		exists b': 0 <= 10a,10b' and
6430			   10a+9+10b'+9 <= 100;
6431	  [a,b,c,d] -> separation_class[[1]->[0]] :
6432		0 <= 10a,10b and 10a+9+10b+9 <= 100 }
6433
6434which simplifies to
6435
6436	{ [a, b, c, d] -> separation_class[[1] -> [0]] :
6437		a >= 0 and b >= 0 and b <= 8 - a;
6438	  [a, b, c, d] -> separation_class[[0] -> [0]] :
6439		a >= 0 and a <= 8 }
6440
6441With this option, the generated AST is as follows
6442
6443	{
6444	  for (int c0 = 0; c0 <= 8; c0 += 1) {
6445	    for (int c1 = 0; c1 <= -c0 + 8; c1 += 1)
6446	      for (int c2 = 10 * c0;
6447		   c2 <= 10 * c0 + 9; c2 += 1)
6448		for (int c3 = 10 * c1;
6449		     c3 <= 10 * c1 + 9; c3 += 1)
6450		  A(c2, c3);
6451	    for (int c1 = -c0 + 9; c1 <= -c0 + 10; c1 += 1)
6452	      for (int c2 = 10 * c0;
6453		   c2 <= min(-10 * c1 + 100, 10 * c0 + 9);
6454		   c2 += 1)
6455		for (int c3 = 10 * c1;
6456		     c3 <= min(-c2 + 100, 10 * c1 + 9);
6457		     c3 += 1)
6458		  A(c2, c3);
6459	  }
6460	  for (int c0 = 9; c0 <= 10; c0 += 1)
6461	    for (int c1 = 0; c1 <= -c0 + 10; c1 += 1)
6462	      for (int c2 = 10 * c0;
6463		   c2 <= min(-10 * c1 + 100, 10 * c0 + 9);
6464		   c2 += 1)
6465		for (int c3 = 10 * c1;
6466		     c3 <= min(10 * c1 + 9, -c2 + 100);
6467		     c3 += 1)
6468		  A(c2, c3);
6469	}
6470
6471=item C<separate>
6472
6473This is a single-dimensional space representing the schedule dimension(s)
6474to which ``separation'' should be applied.  Separation tries to split
6475a loop into several pieces if this can avoid the generation of guards
6476inside the loop.
6477See also the C<atomic> option.
6478
6479=item C<atomic>
6480
6481This is a single-dimensional space representing the schedule dimension(s)
6482for which the domains should be considered ``atomic''.  That is, the
6483AST generator will make sure that any given domain space will only appear
6484in a single loop at the specified level.
6485
6486Consider the following schedule
6487
6488	{ a[i] -> [i] : 0 <= i < 10;
6489	  b[i] -> [i+1] : 0 <= i < 10 }
6490
6491If the following option is specified
6492
6493	{ [i] -> separate[x] }
6494
6495then the following AST will be generated
6496
6497	{
6498	  a(0);
6499	  for (int c0 = 1; c0 <= 9; c0 += 1) {
6500	    a(c0);
6501	    b(c0 - 1);
6502	  }
6503	  b(9);
6504	}
6505
6506If, on the other hand, the following option is specified
6507
6508	{ [i] -> atomic[x] }
6509
6510then the following AST will be generated
6511
6512	for (int c0 = 0; c0 <= 10; c0 += 1) {
6513	  if (c0 <= 9)
6514	    a(c0);
6515	  if (c0 >= 1)
6516	    b(c0 - 1);
6517	}
6518
6519If neither C<atomic> nor C<separate> is specified, then the AST generator
6520may produce either of these two results or some intermediate form.
6521
6522=item C<unroll>
6523
6524This is a single-dimensional space representing the schedule dimension(s)
6525that should be I<completely> unrolled.
6526To obtain a partial unrolling, the user should apply an additional
6527strip-mining to the schedule and fully unroll the inner loop.
6528
6529=back
6530
6531Additional control is available through the following functions.
6532
6533	#include <isl/ast_build.h>
6534	__isl_give isl_ast_build *
6535	isl_ast_build_set_iterators(
6536		__isl_take isl_ast_build *control,
6537		__isl_take isl_id_list *iterators);
6538
6539The function C<isl_ast_build_set_iterators> allows the user to
6540specify a list of iterator C<isl_id>s to be used as iterators.
6541If the input schedule is injective, then
6542the number of elements in this list should be as large as the dimension
6543of the schedule space, but no direct correspondence should be assumed
6544between dimensions and elements.
6545If the input schedule is not injective, then an additional number
6546of C<isl_id>s equal to the largest dimension of the input domains
6547may be required.
6548If the number of provided C<isl_id>s is insufficient, then additional
6549names are automatically generated.
6550
6551	#include <isl/ast_build.h>
6552	__isl_give isl_ast_build *
6553	isl_ast_build_set_create_leaf(
6554		__isl_take isl_ast_build *control,
6555		__isl_give isl_ast_node *(*fn)(
6556			__isl_take isl_ast_build *build,
6557			void *user), void *user);
6558
6559The
6560C<isl_ast_build_set_create_leaf> function allows for the
6561specification of a callback that should be called whenever the AST
6562generator arrives at an element of the schedule domain.
6563The callback should return an AST node that should be inserted
6564at the corresponding position of the AST.  The default action (when
6565the callback is not set) is to continue generating parts of the AST to scan
6566all the domain elements associated to the schedule domain element
6567and to insert user nodes, ``calling'' the domain element, for each of them.
6568The C<build> argument contains the current state of the C<isl_ast_build>.
6569To ease nested AST generation (see L</"Nested AST Generation">),
6570all control information that is
6571specific to the current AST generation such as the options and
6572the callbacks has been removed from this C<isl_ast_build>.
6573The callback would typically return the result of a nested
6574AST generation or a
6575user defined node created using the following function.
6576
6577	#include <isl/ast.h>
6578	__isl_give isl_ast_node *isl_ast_node_alloc_user(
6579		__isl_take isl_ast_expr *expr);
6580
6581	#include <isl/ast_build.h>
6582	__isl_give isl_ast_build *
6583	isl_ast_build_set_at_each_domain(
6584		__isl_take isl_ast_build *build,
6585		__isl_give isl_ast_node *(*fn)(
6586			__isl_take isl_ast_node *node,
6587			__isl_keep isl_ast_build *build,
6588			void *user), void *user);
6589	__isl_give isl_ast_build *
6590	isl_ast_build_set_before_each_for(
6591		__isl_take isl_ast_build *build,
6592		__isl_give isl_id *(*fn)(
6593			__isl_keep isl_ast_build *build,
6594			void *user), void *user);
6595	__isl_give isl_ast_build *
6596	isl_ast_build_set_after_each_for(
6597		__isl_take isl_ast_build *build,
6598		__isl_give isl_ast_node *(*fn)(
6599			__isl_take isl_ast_node *node,
6600			__isl_keep isl_ast_build *build,
6601			void *user), void *user);
6602
6603The callback set by C<isl_ast_build_set_at_each_domain> will
6604be called for each domain AST node.
6605The callbacks set by C<isl_ast_build_set_before_each_for>
6606and C<isl_ast_build_set_after_each_for> will be called
6607for each for AST node.  The first will be called in depth-first
6608pre-order, while the second will be called in depth-first post-order.
6609Since C<isl_ast_build_set_before_each_for> is called before the for
6610node is actually constructed, it is only passed an C<isl_ast_build>.
6611The returned C<isl_id> will be added as an annotation (using
6612C<isl_ast_node_set_annotation>) to the constructed for node.
6613In particular, if the user has also specified an C<after_each_for>
6614callback, then the annotation can be retrieved from the node passed to
6615that callback using C<isl_ast_node_get_annotation>.
6616All callbacks should C<NULL> on failure.
6617The given C<isl_ast_build> can be used to create new
6618C<isl_ast_expr> objects using C<isl_ast_build_expr_from_pw_aff>
6619or C<isl_ast_build_call_from_pw_multi_aff>.
6620
6621=head3 Nested AST Generation
6622
6623C<isl> allows the user to create an AST within the context
6624of another AST.  These nested ASTs are created using the
6625same C<isl_ast_build_ast_from_schedule> function that is used to create the
6626outer AST.  The C<build> argument should be an C<isl_ast_build>
6627passed to a callback set by
6628C<isl_ast_build_set_create_leaf>.
6629The space of the range of the C<schedule> argument should refer
6630to this build.  In particular, the space should be a wrapped
6631relation and the domain of this wrapped relation should be the
6632same as that of the range of the schedule returned by
6633C<isl_ast_build_get_schedule> below.
6634In practice, the new schedule is typically
6635created by calling C<isl_union_map_range_product> on the old schedule
6636and some extra piece of the schedule.
6637The space of the schedule domain is also available from
6638the C<isl_ast_build>.
6639
6640	#include <isl/ast_build.h>
6641	__isl_give isl_union_map *isl_ast_build_get_schedule(
6642		__isl_keep isl_ast_build *build);
6643	__isl_give isl_space *isl_ast_build_get_schedule_space(
6644		__isl_keep isl_ast_build *build);
6645	__isl_give isl_ast_build *isl_ast_build_restrict(
6646		__isl_take isl_ast_build *build,
6647		__isl_take isl_set *set);
6648
6649The C<isl_ast_build_get_schedule> function returns a (partial)
6650schedule for the domains elements for which part of the AST still needs to
6651be generated in the current build.
6652In particular, the domain elements are mapped to those iterations of the loops
6653enclosing the current point of the AST generation inside which
6654the domain elements are executed.
6655No direct correspondence between
6656the input schedule and this schedule should be assumed.
6657The space obtained from C<isl_ast_build_get_schedule_space> can be used
6658to create a set for C<isl_ast_build_restrict> to intersect
6659with the current build.  In particular, the set passed to
6660C<isl_ast_build_restrict> can have additional parameters.
6661The ids of the set dimensions in the space returned by
6662C<isl_ast_build_get_schedule_space> correspond to the
6663iterators of the already generated loops.
6664The user should not rely on the ids of the output dimensions
6665of the relations in the union relation returned by
6666C<isl_ast_build_get_schedule> having any particular value.
6667
6668=head1 Applications
6669
6670Although C<isl> is mainly meant to be used as a library,
6671it also contains some basic applications that use some
6672of the functionality of C<isl>.
6673The input may be specified in either the L<isl format>
6674or the L<PolyLib format>.
6675
6676=head2 C<isl_polyhedron_sample>
6677
6678C<isl_polyhedron_sample> takes a polyhedron as input and prints
6679an integer element of the polyhedron, if there is any.
6680The first column in the output is the denominator and is always
6681equal to 1.  If the polyhedron contains no integer points,
6682then a vector of length zero is printed.
6683
6684=head2 C<isl_pip>
6685
6686C<isl_pip> takes the same input as the C<example> program
6687from the C<piplib> distribution, i.e., a set of constraints
6688on the parameters, a line containing only -1 and finally a set
6689of constraints on a parametric polyhedron.
6690The coefficients of the parameters appear in the last columns
6691(but before the final constant column).
6692The output is the lexicographic minimum of the parametric polyhedron.
6693As C<isl> currently does not have its own output format, the output
6694is just a dump of the internal state.
6695
6696=head2 C<isl_polyhedron_minimize>
6697
6698C<isl_polyhedron_minimize> computes the minimum of some linear
6699or affine objective function over the integer points in a polyhedron.
6700If an affine objective function
6701is given, then the constant should appear in the last column.
6702
6703=head2 C<isl_polytope_scan>
6704
6705Given a polytope, C<isl_polytope_scan> prints
6706all integer points in the polytope.
6707
6708=head2 C<isl_codegen>
6709
6710Given a schedule, a context set and an options relation,
6711C<isl_codegen> prints out an AST that scans the domain elements
6712of the schedule in the order of their image(s) taking into account
6713the constraints in the context set.
6714