1This is ../../gmp/doc/gmp.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.13 from 2../../gmp/doc/gmp.texi. 3 4This manual describes how to install and use the GNU multiple precision 5arithmetic library, version 5.0.5. 6 7 Copyright 1991, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 82001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 9Free Software Foundation, Inc. 10 11 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this 12document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 131.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; 14with no Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover Texts being "A GNU 15Manual", and with the Back-Cover Texts being "You have freedom to copy 16and modify this GNU Manual, like GNU software". A copy of the license 17is included in *note GNU Free Documentation License::. 18 19INFO-DIR-SECTION GNU libraries 20START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY 21* gmp: (gmp). GNU Multiple Precision Arithmetic Library. 22END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY 23 24 25Indirect: 26gmp.info-1: 991 27gmp.info-2: 299801 28 29Tag Table: 30(Indirect) 31Node: Top991 32Node: Copying3233 33Node: Introduction to GMP5084 34Node: Installing GMP7795 35Node: Build Options8527 36Node: ABI and ISA24620 37Node: Notes for Package Builds34306 38Node: Notes for Particular Systems37393 39Node: Known Build Problems43950 40Node: Performance optimization47484 41Node: GMP Basics48613 42Node: Headers and Libraries49261 43Node: Nomenclature and Types50685 44Node: Function Classes52681 45Node: Variable Conventions54374 46Node: Parameter Conventions55983 47Node: Memory Management58039 48Node: Reentrancy59167 49Node: Useful Macros and Constants61040 50Node: Compatibility with older versions62038 51Node: Demonstration Programs62999 52Node: Efficiency64864 53Node: Debugging72488 54Node: Profiling79386 55Node: Autoconf83377 56Node: Emacs85156 57Node: Reporting Bugs85762 58Node: Integer Functions88305 59Node: Initializing Integers89081 60Node: Assigning Integers91228 61Node: Simultaneous Integer Init & Assign92815 62Node: Converting Integers94440 63Node: Integer Arithmetic97364 64Node: Integer Division98950 65Node: Integer Exponentiation105260 66Node: Integer Roots106700 67Node: Number Theoretic Functions108374 68Node: Integer Comparisons115063 69Node: Integer Logic and Bit Fiddling116441 70Node: I/O of Integers118988 71Node: Integer Random Numbers121957 72Node: Integer Import and Export124568 73Node: Miscellaneous Integer Functions128578 74Node: Integer Special Functions130438 75Node: Rational Number Functions133525 76Node: Initializing Rationals134718 77Node: Rational Conversions137179 78Node: Rational Arithmetic138911 79Node: Comparing Rationals140215 80Node: Applying Integer Functions141582 81Node: I/O of Rationals143065 82Node: Floating-point Functions145107 83Node: Initializing Floats147992 84Node: Assigning Floats152079 85Node: Simultaneous Float Init & Assign154646 86Node: Converting Floats156174 87Node: Float Arithmetic159424 88Node: Float Comparison161437 89Node: I/O of Floats163018 90Node: Miscellaneous Float Functions165701 91Node: Low-level Functions167643 92Node: Random Number Functions192196 93Node: Random State Initialization193264 94Node: Random State Seeding196123 95Node: Random State Miscellaneous197512 96Node: Formatted Output198154 97Node: Formatted Output Strings198399 98Node: Formatted Output Functions203778 99Node: C++ Formatted Output207853 100Node: Formatted Input210535 101Node: Formatted Input Strings210771 102Node: Formatted Input Functions215423 103Node: C++ Formatted Input218392 104Node: C++ Class Interface220295 105Node: C++ Interface General221296 106Node: C++ Interface Integers224366 107Node: C++ Interface Rationals227711 108Node: C++ Interface Floats231298 109Node: C++ Interface Random Numbers237000 110Node: C++ Interface Limitations239404 111Node: BSD Compatible Functions242224 112Node: Custom Allocation246935 113Node: Language Bindings251295 114Node: Algorithms255250 115Node: Multiplication Algorithms255950 116Node: Basecase Multiplication257039 117Node: Karatsuba Multiplication258947 118Node: Toom 3-Way Multiplication262573 119Node: Toom 4-Way Multiplication268992 120Node: Higher degree Toom'n'half270371 121Node: FFT Multiplication271656 122Node: Other Multiplication276991 123Node: Unbalanced Multiplication279465 124Node: Division Algorithms280253 125Node: Single Limb Division280632 126Node: Basecase Division283522 127Node: Divide and Conquer Division284725 128Node: Block-Wise Barrett Division286794 129Node: Exact Division287446 130Node: Exact Remainder290611 131Node: Small Quotient Division292838 132Node: Greatest Common Divisor Algorithms294436 133Node: Binary GCD294733 134Node: Lehmer's Algorithm297582 135Node: Subquadratic GCD299801 136Node: Extended GCD302258 137Node: Jacobi Symbol303570 138Node: Powering Algorithms304486 139Node: Normal Powering Algorithm304749 140Node: Modular Powering Algorithm305277 141Node: Root Extraction Algorithms306057 142Node: Square Root Algorithm306372 143Node: Nth Root Algorithm308513 144Node: Perfect Square Algorithm309298 145Node: Perfect Power Algorithm311385 146Node: Radix Conversion Algorithms312006 147Node: Binary to Radix312382 148Node: Radix to Binary316312 149Node: Other Algorithms318400 150Node: Prime Testing Algorithm318752 151Node: Factorial Algorithm319936 152Node: Binomial Coefficients Algorithm321339 153Node: Fibonacci Numbers Algorithm322233 154Node: Lucas Numbers Algorithm324707 155Node: Random Number Algorithms325428 156Node: Assembly Coding327549 157Node: Assembly Code Organisation328509 158Node: Assembly Basics329476 159Node: Assembly Carry Propagation330626 160Node: Assembly Cache Handling332457 161Node: Assembly Functional Units334618 162Node: Assembly Floating Point336231 163Node: Assembly SIMD Instructions340009 164Node: Assembly Software Pipelining340991 165Node: Assembly Loop Unrolling342053 166Node: Assembly Writing Guide344268 167Node: Internals347033 168Node: Integer Internals347545 169Node: Rational Internals349801 170Node: Float Internals351039 171Node: Raw Output Internals358453 172Node: C++ Interface Internals359647 173Node: Contributors362933 174Node: References367884 175Node: GNU Free Documentation License373639 176Node: Concept Index398808 177Node: Function Index445058 178 179End Tag Table 180 181 182Local Variables: 183coding: iso-8859-1 184End: 185