1# Zones that go back beyond the scope of the tz database 2 3# This file is in the public domain. 4 5# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know 6# better, go ahead and edit it (and please send any changes to 7# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 8# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 9 10# When proposing changes to this file, please use 'git format-patch' 11# format, either by attaching the resulting .patch file to your email, 12# or by using 'git send-email'. This will help maintainers save time. 13 14 15# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31): 16 17# This file contains data outside the normal scope of the tz database, 18# in that its zones do not differ from normal tz zones after 1970. 19# Links in this file point to zones in this file, superseding links in 20# the file 'backward'. 21 22# Although zones in this file may be of some use for analyzing 23# pre-1970 timestamps, they are less reliable, cover only a tiny 24# sliver of the pre-1970 era, and cannot feasibly be improved to cover 25# most of the era. Because the zones are out of normal scope for the 26# database, less effort is put into maintaining this file. Many of 27# the zones were formerly in other source files, but were removed or 28# replaced by links as their data entries were questionable and/or they 29# differed from other zones only in pre-1970 timestamps. 30 31# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 32# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 33# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 34# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 35 36# This file is not intended to be compiled standalone, as it 37# assumes rules from other files. In the tz distribution, use 38# 'make PACKRATDATA=backzone zones' to compile and install this file. 39 40 41# From Paul Eggert (2020-04-15): 42# The following remarks should be incorporated into this table sometime. 43# Patches in 'git format-patch' format would be welcome. 44# 45# From Phake Nick (2020-04-15): 46# ... the historical timezone data for those China zones seems to be 47# incorrect. The transition to GMT+8 date given there for these zones 48# were 1980 which also contradict the file description that they do 49# not disagree with normal zone after 1970. According to sources that 50# have also been cited in the asia file, except Xinjiang and Tibet, 51# they should have adopted the Beijing Time from around 1949/1950 52# depends on exactly when each of those cities were taken over by the 53# communist army. And they should also follow the DST setting of 54# Asia/Shanghai after that point of time. In addition, 55# http://gaz.ncl.edu.tw/detail.jsp?sysid=E1091792 the document from 56# Chongqing Nationalist government say in year 1945 all of China 57# should adopt summer time due to the war (not sure whether it 58# continued after WWII ends)(Probably only enforced in area under 59# their rule at the time?) The Asia/Harbin's 1932 and 1940 entry 60# should also be incorrect. As per sources recorded at 61# https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/%E6%BA%80%E5%B7%9E%E5%9B%BD%E3%81%AE%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E6%99%82 62# , in 1932 Harbin should have adopted UTC+8:00 instead of data 63# currently listed in the tz database according to official 64# announcement from Manchuko. And they should have adopted GMT+9 in 65# 1937 January 1st according to official announcement at the time 66# being cited on the webpage. 67 68 69# Zones are sorted by zone name. Each zone is preceded by the 70# name of the country that the zone is in, along with any other 71# commentary and rules associated with the entry. 72# If the zone overrides links in the main data, it 73# is followed by the corresponding Link lines. 74# If the zone overrides main-data links only when building with 75# PACKRATLIST=zone.tab, it is followed by a commented-out Link line 76# that starts with "#PACKRATLIST zone.tab". 77# 78# As explained in the zic man page, the zone columns are: 79# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 80# and the rule columns are: 81# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 82 83 84# Ghana 85 86# From P Chan (2020-11-20): 87# Interpretation Amendment Ordinance, 1915 (No.24 of 1915) [1915-11-02] 88# Ordinances of the Gold Coast, Ashanti, Northern Territories 1915, p 69-71 89# https://books.google.com/books?id=ErA-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA70 90# This Ordinance added "'Time' shall mean Greenwich Mean Time" to the 91# Interpretation Ordinance, 1876. 92# 93# Determination of the Time Ordinance, 1919 (No. 18 of 1919) [1919-11-24] 94# Ordinances of the Gold Coast, Ashanti, Northern Territories 1919, p 75-76 95# https://books.google.com/books?id=MbA-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA75 96# This Ordinance removed the previous definition of time and introduced DST. 97# 98# Time Determination Ordinance (Cap. 214) 99# The Laws of the Gold Coast (including Togoland Under British Mandate) 100# Vol. II (1937), p 2328 101# https://books.google.com/books?id=Z7M-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA2328 102# Revised edition of the 1919 Ordinance. 103# 104# Time Determination (Amendment) Ordinance, 1940 (No. 9 of 1940) [1940-04-06] 105# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast: 106# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1940, p 22 107# https://books.google.com/books?id=1ao-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA22 108# This Ordinance changed the forward transition from September to May. 109# 110# Defence (Time Determination Ordinance Amendment) Regulations, 1942 111# (Regulations No. 6 of 1942) [1942-01-31, commenced on 1942-02-08] 112# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast: 113# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1942, p 48 114# https://books.google.com/books?id=Das-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA48 115# These regulations advanced the [standard] time by thirty minutes. 116# 117# Defence (Time Determination Ordinance Amendment (No.2)) Regulations, 118# 1942 (Regulations No. 28 of 1942) [1942-04-25] 119# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast: 120# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1942, p 87 121# https://books.google.com/books?id=Das-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA87 122# These regulations abolished DST and changed the time to GMT+0:30. 123# 124# Defence (Revocation) (No.4) Regulations, 1945 (Regulations No. 45 of 125# 1945) [1945-10-24, commenced on 1946-01-06] 126# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast: 127# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1945, p 256 128# https://books.google.com/books?id=9as-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA256 129# These regulations revoked the previous two sets of Regulations. 130# 131# Time Determination (Amendment) Ordinance, 1945 (No. 18 of 1945) [1946-01-06] 132# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast: 133# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1945, p 69 134# https://books.google.com/books?id=9as-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA69 135# This Ordinance abolished DST. 136# 137# Time Determination (Amendment) Ordinance, 1950 (No. 26 of 1950) [1950-07-22] 138# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast: 139# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1950, p 35 140# https://books.google.com/books?id=e60-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA35 141# This Ordinance restored DST but with thirty minutes offset. 142# 143# Time Determination Ordinance (Cap. 264) 144# The Laws of the Gold Coast, Vol. V (1954), p 380 145# https://books.google.com/books?id=Mqc-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA380 146# Revised edition of the Time Determination Ordinance. 147# 148# Time Determination (Amendment) Ordinance, 1956 (No. 21 of 1956) [1956-08-29] 149# Annual Volume of the Ordinances of the Gold Coast Enacted During the 150# Year 1956, p 83 151# https://books.google.com/books?id=VLE-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA83 152# This Ordinance abolished DST. 153 154Rule Ghana 1919 only - Nov 24 0:00 0:20 +0020 155Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Jan 1 2:00 0 GMT 156Rule Ghana 1920 1939 - Sep 1 2:00 0:20 +0020 157Rule Ghana 1940 1941 - May 1 2:00 0:20 +0020 158Rule Ghana 1950 1955 - Sep 1 2:00 0:30 +0030 159Rule Ghana 1951 1956 - Jan 1 2:00 0 GMT 160 161Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1915 Nov 2 162 0:00 Ghana %s 1942 Feb 8 163 0:30 - +0030 1946 Jan 6 164 0:00 Ghana %s 165 166# Ethiopia 167# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-31): 168# Like the Swahili of Kenya and Tanzania, many Ethiopians keep a 169# 12-hour clock starting at our 06:00, so their "8 o'clock" is our 170# 02:00 or 14:00. Keep this in mind when you ask the time in Amharic. 171# 172# Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly spaced time 173# zones between 1870 and 1890, that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in 174# 1890, and that they switched to 3:00 on 1936-05-05. Perhaps 38E50 175# was for Adis Dera. Quite likely the Shanks data entries are wrong 176# anyway. 177Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa 2:34:48 - LMT 1870 178 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT 179 3:00 - EAT 180 181# Eritrea 182Zone Africa/Asmara 2:35:32 - LMT 1870 183 2:35:32 - AMT 1890 # Asmara Mean Time 184 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT 185 3:00 - EAT 186Link Africa/Asmara Africa/Asmera 187 188# Mali (southern) 189Zone Africa/Bamako -0:32:00 - LMT 1912 190 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 191 -1:00 - -01 1960 Jun 20 192 0:00 - GMT 193#PACKRATLIST zone.tab Link Africa/Bamako Africa/Timbuktu 194 195# Central African Republic 196Zone Africa/Bangui 1:14:20 - LMT 1912 197 1:00 - WAT 198 199# The Gambia 200# From P Chan (2020-12-09): 201# Standard time of GMT-1 was adopted on 1933-04-01. On 1942-02-01, GMT was 202# adopted as a war time measure. This was made permanent in 1946. 203# 204# Interpretation Ordinance, 1914 (No. 12 of 1914) [1914-09-29] 205# Interpretation Ordinance, 1933 (No. 10 of 1933) [1933-03-31] 206# Notice No. 5 of 1942, Colony of the Gambia Government Gazette, Vol. LIX, 207# No.2, 1942-01-15, p 2 208# Interpretation (Amendment) Ordinance, 1946 (No. 3 of 1946) [1946-07-15] 209Zone Africa/Banjul -1:06:36 - LMT 1912 210 -1:06:36 - BMT 1933 Apr 1 # Banjul Mean Time 211 -1:00 - -01 1942 Feb 1 0:00 212 0:00 - GMT 213 214# Malawi 215# From P Chan (2020-12-09): 216# In 1911, Zomba mean time was adopted as the legal time of Nyasaland. In 217# 1914, Zomba mean time switched from GMT+2:21:10 to GMT+2:21. On 1925-07-01, 218# GMT+2 was adopted. 219# 220# Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance, 1911 (No. 12 of 1911) 221# [1911-07-24] 222# Notice No. 124 of 1914, 1914-06-30, The Nyasaland Government Gazette, Vol. 223# XXI, No. 8, 1914-06-30, p 122 224# Interpretation and General Clauses (Amendment) Ordinance, 1925 (No. 3 of 225# 1925) [1925-04-02] 226Zone Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 - LMT 1911 Jul 24 227 2:21:10 - ZMT 1914 Jun 30 # Zomba Mean Time 228 2:21 - ZMT 1925 Jul 1 229 2:00 - CAT 230 231# Republic of the Congo 232Zone Africa/Brazzaville 1:01:08 - LMT 1912 233 1:00 - WAT 234 235# Burundi 236Zone Africa/Bujumbura 1:57:28 - LMT 1890 237 2:00 - CAT 238 239# Guinea 240Zone Africa/Conakry -0:54:52 - LMT 1912 241 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 242 -1:00 - -01 1960 243 0:00 - GMT 244 245# Senegal 246Zone Africa/Dakar -1:09:44 - LMT 1912 247 -1:00 - -01 1941 Jun 248 0:00 - GMT 249 250# Tanzania 251Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931 252 3:00 - EAT 1948 253 2:45 - +0245 1961 254 3:00 - EAT 255 256# Djibouti 257Zone Africa/Djibouti 2:52:36 - LMT 1911 Jul 258 3:00 - EAT 259 260# Cameroon 261# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 262Zone Africa/Douala 0:38:48 - LMT 1912 263 1:00 - WAT 264# Sierra Leone 265# From P Chan (2020-12-09): 266# Standard time of GMT-1 was adopted on 1913-07-01. Twenty minutes of DST was 267# introduce[d] in 1932 and was suspended in 1939. In 1941, GMT was adopted by 268# Defence Regulations. This was made permanent in 1946. 269# 270# Government Notice No. 121 of 1913, 1913-06-06, Sierra Leone Royal Gazette, 271# Vol. XLIV, No. 1384, 1913-06-14, p 347 272# Alteration of Time Ordinance, 1932 (No. 34 of 1932) [1932-12-01] 273# Alteration of Time (Amendment) Ordinance, 1938 (No. 25 of 1938) [1938-11-24] 274# Defence Regulations (No. 9), 1939 (Regulations No. 9 of 1939), 1939-09-05 275# Defence Regulations (No. 11), 1939 (Regulations No. 11 of 1939), 1939-09-27 276# Defence (Amendment) (No. 17) Regulations, 1941 (Public Notice No. 157 of 277# 1941), 1914-12-04 278# Alteration of Time (Amendment) Ordinance, 1946 (No. 2 of 1946) [1946-02-07] 279 280# From Tim Parenti (2021-03-02), per P Chan (2021-02-25): 281# For Sierra Leone in 1957-1962, the standard time was defined in the 282# Alteration of Time Ordinance, 1932 (as amended in 1946, renamed to Local Time 283# Ordinance in 1960 and Local Time Act in 1961). It was unamended throughout 284# that period. See references to "Time" in the Alphabetical Index of the 285# Legislation in force on the 31st day of December, 286# 1957: https://books.google.com/books?id=lvQ-AQAAIAAJ&pg=RA2-PA49 287# 1958: https://books.google.com/books?id=4fQ-AQAAIAAJ&pg=RA2-PA50 288# 1959: https://books.google.com/books?id=p_U-AQAAIAAJ&pg=RA2-PA55 289# 1960: https://books.google.com/books?id=JPY-AQAAIAAJ&pg=RA3-PA37 290# 1961: https://books.google.com/books?id=7vY-AQAAIAAJ&pg=RA3-PA41 291# 1962: https://books.google.com/books?id=W_c-AQAAIAAJ&pg=RA3-PA44 292# 1963: https://books.google.com/books?id=9vk-AQAAIAAJ&pg=RA1-PA47 293# 294# Although Shanks & Pottenger had DST from Jun 1 00:00 to Sep 1 00:00 in this 295# period, many contemporaneous almanacs agree that it wasn't used: 296# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2021-February/029866.html 297# Go with the above. 298 299Rule SL 1932 only - Dec 1 0:00 0:20 -0040 300Rule SL 1933 1938 - Mar 31 24:00 0 -01 301Rule SL 1933 1939 - Aug 31 24:00 0:20 -0040 302Rule SL 1939 only - May 31 24:00 0 -01 303 304Zone Africa/Freetown -0:53:00 - LMT 1882 305 -0:53:00 - FMT 1913 Jul 1 # Freetown MT 306 -1:00 SL %s 1939 Sep 5 307 -1:00 - -01 1941 Dec 6 24:00 308 0:00 - GMT 309 310# Botswana 311# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): 312# Milne says they were regulated by the Cape Town Signal in 1899; 313# assume they switched to 2:00 when Cape Town did. 314Zone Africa/Gaborone 1:43:40 - LMT 1885 315 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 316 2:00 - CAT 1943 Sep 19 2:00 317 2:00 1:00 CAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 318 2:00 - CAT 319 320# Zimbabwe 321Zone Africa/Harare 2:04:12 - LMT 1903 Mar 322 2:00 - CAT 323 324# Uganda 325Zone Africa/Kampala 2:09:40 - LMT 1928 Jul 326 3:00 - EAT 1930 327 2:30 - +0230 1948 328 2:45 - +0245 1957 329 3:00 - EAT 330 331# Rwanda 332Zone Africa/Kigali 2:00:16 - LMT 1935 Jun 333 2:00 - CAT 334 335# Democratic Republic of the Congo (west) 336Zone Africa/Kinshasa 1:01:12 - LMT 1897 Nov 9 337 1:00 - WAT 338 339# Gabon 340Zone Africa/Libreville 0:37:48 - LMT 1912 341 1:00 - WAT 342 343# Togo 344Zone Africa/Lome 0:04:52 - LMT 1893 345 0:00 - GMT 346 347# Angola 348# 349# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16): 350# Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT, 351# evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree 352# (see Europe/Lisbon) with the date that it took effect. 353# 354Zone Africa/Luanda 0:52:56 - LMT 1892 355 0:52:04 - LMT 1911 Dec 31 23:00u # Luanda MT? 356 1:00 - WAT 357 358# Democratic Republic of the Congo (east) 359# 360# From Alois Treindl (2022-02-28): 361# My main source for its time zone history is 362# Henri le Corre, R��gimes horaires pour l'Europe et l'Afrique. 363# Shanks follows le Corre. As does Fran��oise Schneider-Gauquelin in her book 364# Probl��mes de l'heure r��solus pour le monde entier. 365# 366Zone Africa/Lubumbashi 1:49:52 - LMT 1897 Nov 9 367 1:00 - WAT 1920 Apr 25 368 2:00 - CAT 369 370# Zambia 371Zone Africa/Lusaka 1:53:08 - LMT 1903 Mar 372 2:00 - CAT 373 374# Equatorial Guinea 375# 376# Although Shanks says that Malabo switched from UT +00 to +01 on 1963-12-15, 377# a Google Books search says that London Calling, Issues 432-465 (1948), p 19, 378# says that Spanish Guinea was at +01 back then. The Shanks data entries 379# are most likely wrong, but we have nothing better; use them here for now. 380# 381Zone Africa/Malabo 0:35:08 - LMT 1912 382 0:00 - GMT 1963 Dec 15 383 1:00 - WAT 384 385# Lesotho 386Zone Africa/Maseru 1:50:00 - LMT 1903 Mar 387 2:00 - SAST 1943 Sep 19 2:00 388 2:00 1:00 SAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 389 2:00 - SAST 390 391# Eswatini (formerly Swaziland) 392Zone Africa/Mbabane 2:04:24 - LMT 1903 Mar 393 2:00 - SAST 394 395# Somalia 396Zone Africa/Mogadishu 3:01:28 - LMT 1893 Nov 397 3:00 - EAT 1931 398 2:30 - +0230 1957 399 3:00 - EAT 400 401# Niger 402Zone Africa/Niamey 0:08:28 - LMT 1912 403 -1:00 - -01 1934 Feb 26 404 0:00 - GMT 1960 405 1:00 - WAT 406 407# Mauritania 408Zone Africa/Nouakchott -1:03:48 - LMT 1912 409 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 410 -1:00 - -01 1960 Nov 28 411 0:00 - GMT 412 413# Burkina Faso 414Zone Africa/Ouagadougou -0:06:04 - LMT 1912 415 0:00 - GMT 416 417# Benin 418# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1946, not 1934; 419# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 420Zone Africa/Porto-Novo 0:10:28 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 421 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 422 1:00 - WAT 423 424# Mali (northern) 425Zone Africa/Timbuktu -0:12:04 - LMT 1912 426 0:00 - GMT 427 428# Anguilla 429Zone America/Anguilla -4:12:16 - LMT 1912 Mar 2 430 -4:00 - AST 431 432# Antigua and Barbuda 433Zone America/Antigua -4:07:12 - LMT 1912 Mar 2 434 -5:00 - EST 1951 435 -4:00 - AST 436 437# Chubut, Argentina 438# The name "Comodoro Rivadavia" exceeds the 14-byte POSIX limit. 439Zone America/Argentina/ComodRivadavia -4:30:00 - LMT 1894 Oct 31 440 -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May 441 -4:00 - -04 1930 Dec 442 -4:00 Arg -04/-03 1969 Oct 5 443 -3:00 Arg -03/-02 1991 Mar 3 444 -4:00 - -04 1991 Oct 20 445 -3:00 Arg -03/-02 1999 Oct 3 446 -4:00 Arg -04/-03 2000 Mar 3 447 -3:00 - -03 2004 Jun 1 448 -4:00 - -04 2004 Jun 20 449 -3:00 - -03 450 451# Aruba 452Zone America/Aruba -4:40:24 - LMT 1912 Feb 12 # Oranjestad 453 -4:30 - -0430 1965 454 -4:00 - AST 455 456# Atikokan, Ontario 457 458# From Paul Eggert (1997-10-17): 459# Mark Brader writes that an article in the 1997-10-14 Toronto Star 460# says that Atikokan, Ontario currently does not observe DST, 461# but will vote on 11-10 whether to use EST/EDT. 462# He also writes that the Ontario Time Act (1990, Chapter T.9) 463# http://www.gov.on.ca/MBS/english/publications/statregs/conttext.html 464# says that Ontario east of 90W uses EST/EDT, and west of 90W uses CST/CDT. 465# Officially Atikokan is therefore on CST/CDT, and most likely this report 466# concerns a non-official time observed as a matter of local practice. 467# 468# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02): 469# Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Atikokan, Pickle Lake, and 470# New Osnaburgh observe CST all year, that Big Trout Lake observes 471# CST/CDT, and that Upsala and Shebandowan observe EST/EDT, all in 472# violation of the official Ontario rules. 473# 474# From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09): 475# Chris Walton (2006-07-06) mentioned an article by Stephanie MacLellan in the 476# 2005-07-21 Chronicle-Journal, which said: 477# 478# The clocks in Atikokan stay set on standard time year-round. 479# This means they spend about half the time on central time and 480# the other half on eastern time. 481# 482# For the most part, the system works, Mayor Dennis Brown said. 483# 484# "The majority of businesses in Atikokan deal more with Eastern 485# Canada, but there are some that deal with Western Canada," he 486# said. "I don't see any changes happening here." 487# 488# Walton also writes "Supposedly Pickle Lake and Mishkeegogamang 489# [New Osnaburgh] follow the same practice." 490 491# From Garry McKinnon (2006-07-14) via Chris Walton: 492# I chatted with a member of my board who has an outstanding memory 493# and a long history in Atikokan (and in the telecom industry) and he 494# can say for certain that Atikokan has been practicing the current 495# time keeping since 1952, at least. 496 497# From Paul Eggert (2006-07-17): 498# Shanks & Pottenger say that Atikokan has agreed with Rainy River 499# ever since standard time was introduced, but the information from 500# McKinnon sounds more authoritative. For now, assume that Atikokan 501# switched to EST immediately after WWII era daylight saving time 502# ended. This matches the old (less populous) America/Coral_Harbour 503# entry since our cutoff date of 1970, so we can move 504# America/Coral_Harbour to the 'backward' file. 505 506Zone America/Atikokan -6:06:28 - LMT 1895 507 -6:00 Canada C%sT 1940 Sep 29 508 -6:00 1:00 CDT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s 509 -6:00 Canada C%sT 1945 Sep 30 2:00 510 -5:00 - EST 511#PACKRATLIST zone.tab Link America/Atikokan America/Coral_Harbour 512 513# Quebec east of Natashquan 514 515# From Paul Eggert (2021-05-09): 516# H. David Matthews and Mary Vincent's map 517# "It's about TIME", _Canadian Geographic_ (September-October 1998) 518# http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/SO98/alacarte.asp 519# says that Quebec east of the -63 meridian is supposed to observe 520# AST, but residents as far east as Natashquan use EST/EDT, and 521# residents east of Natashquan use AST. 522# The Quebec department of justice writes in 523# "The situation in Minganie and Basse-C��te-Nord" 524# https://www.justice.gouv.qc.ca/en/department/ministre/functions-and-responsabilities/legal-time-in-quebec/the-situation-in-minganie-and-basse-cote-nord/ 525# that the coastal strip from just east of Natashquan to Blanc-Sablon 526# observes Atlantic standard time all year round. 527# This common practice was codified into law as of 2007; see Legal Time Act, 528# CQLR c T-5.1 <http://legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/ShowDoc/cs/T-5.1>. 529# For lack of better info, guess this practice began around 1970, contra to 530# Shanks & Pottenger who have this region observing AST/ADT. 531 532Zone America/Blanc-Sablon -3:48:28 - LMT 1884 533 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1970 534 -4:00 - AST 535 536# Cayman Is 537Zone America/Cayman -5:25:32 - LMT 1890 # Georgetown 538 -5:07:10 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time 539 -5:00 - EST 540 541# United States 542# 543# From Paul Eggert (2018-03-18): 544# America/Chillicothe would be tricky, as it was a city of two-timers: 545# "To prevent a constant mixup at Chillicothe, caused by the courthouse 546# clock running on central time and the city running on 'daylight saving' 547# time, a third hand was added to the dial of the courthouse clock." 548# -- Ohio news in brief. The Cedarville Herald. 1920-05-21;43(21):1 (col. 5) 549# https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/cedarville_herald/794 550 551# Canada 552Zone America/Coral_Harbour -5:32:40 - LMT 1884 553 -5:00 NT_YK E%sT 1946 554 -5:00 - EST 555 556# From Chris Walton (2011-12-01): 557# There are two areas within the Canadian province of British Columbia 558# that do not currently observe daylight saving: 559# a) The Creston Valley (includes the town of Creston and surrounding area) 560# b) The eastern half of the Peace River Regional District 561# (includes the cities of Dawson Creek and Fort St. John) 562 563# Earlier this year I stumbled across a detailed article about the time 564# keeping history of Creston; it was written by Tammy Hardwick who is the 565# manager of the Creston & District Museum. The article was written in May 2009. 566# http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260 567# According to the article, Creston has not changed its clocks since June 1918. 568# i.e. Creston has been stuck on UT-7 for 93 years. 569# Dawson Creek, on the other hand, changed its clocks as recently as April 1972. 570 571# Unfortunately the exact date for the time change in June 1918 remains 572# unknown and will be difficult to ascertain. I e-mailed Tammy a few months 573# ago to ask if Sunday June 2 was a reasonable guess. She said it was just 574# as plausible as any other date (in June). She also said that after writing 575# the article she had discovered another time change in 1916; this is the 576# subject of another article which she wrote in October 2010. 577# http://www.creston.museum.bc.ca/index.php?module=comments&uop=view_comment&cm+id=56 578 579# Here is a summary of the three clock change events in Creston's history: 580# 1. 1884 or 1885: adoption of Mountain Standard Time (GMT-7) 581# Exact date unknown 582# 2. Oct 1916: switch to Pacific Standard Time (GMT-8) 583# Exact date in October unknown; Sunday October 1 is a reasonable guess. 584# 3. June 1918: switch to Pacific Daylight Time (GMT-7) 585# Exact date in June unknown; Sunday June 2 is a reasonable guess. 586# note 1: 587# On Oct 27/1918 when daylight saving ended in the rest of Canada, 588# Creston did not change its clocks. 589# note 2: 590# During WWII when the Federal Government legislated a mandatory clock change, 591# Creston did not oblige. 592# note 3: 593# There is no guarantee that Creston will remain on Mountain Standard Time 594# (UTC-7) forever. 595# The subject was debated at least once this year by the town Council. 596# http://www.bclocalnews.com/kootenay_rockies/crestonvalleyadvance/news/116760809.html 597 598# During a period WWII, summer time (Daylight saying) was mandatory in Canada. 599# In Creston, that was handled by shifting the area to PST (-8:00) then applying 600# summer time to cause the offset to be -7:00, the same as it had been before 601# the change. It can be argued that the timezone abbreviation during this 602# period should be PDT rather than MST, but that doesn't seem important enough 603# (to anyone) to further complicate the rules. 604 605# The transition dates (and times) are guesses. 606 607Zone America/Creston -7:46:04 - LMT 1884 608 -7:00 - MST 1916 Oct 1 609 -8:00 - PST 1918 Jun 2 610 -7:00 - MST 611 612# Cura��ao 613# Milne gives 4:35:46.9 for Cura��ao mean time; round to nearest. 614# 615# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 616# Shanks & Pottenger say that The Bottom and Philipsburg have been at 617# -4:00 since standard time was introduced on 1912-03-02; and that 618# Kralendijk and Rincon used Kralendijk Mean Time (-4:33:08) from 619# 1912-02-02 to 1965-01-01. The former is dubious, since S&P also say 620# Saba Island has been like Cura��ao. 621# This all predates our 1970 cutoff, though. 622# 623# By July 2007 Cura��ao and St Maarten are planned to become 624# associated states within the Netherlands, much like Aruba; 625# Bonaire, Saba and St Eustatius would become directly part of the 626# Netherlands as Kingdom Islands. This won't affect their time zones 627# though, as far as we know. 628# 629Zone America/Curacao -4:35:47 - LMT 1912 Feb 12 # Willemstad 630 -4:30 - -0430 1965 631 -4:00 - AST 632Link America/Curacao America/Kralendijk 633Link America/Curacao America/Lower_Princes 634 635# Dominica 636Zone America/Dominica -4:05:36 - LMT 1911 Jul 1 0:01 # Roseau 637 -4:00 - AST 638 639# Baja California 640# See 'northamerica' for why this entry is here rather than there. 641Zone America/Ensenada -7:46:28 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:13:32 642 -8:00 - PST 1927 Jun 10 23:00 643 -7:00 - MST 1930 Nov 16 644 -8:00 - PST 1942 Apr 645 -7:00 - MST 1949 Jan 14 646 -8:00 - PST 1996 647 -8:00 Mexico P%sT 648 649# Grenada 650Zone America/Grenada -4:07:00 - LMT 1911 Jul # St George's 651 -4:00 - AST 652 653# Guadeloupe 654Zone America/Guadeloupe -4:06:08 - LMT 1911 Jun 8 # Pointe-��-Pitre 655 -4:00 - AST 656 657 658# Canada 659# 660# From Paul Eggert (2015-03-24): 661# Since 1970 most of Quebec has been like Toronto; see 662# America/Toronto. However, earlier versions of the tz database 663# mistakenly relied on data from Shanks & Pottenger saying that Quebec 664# differed from Ontario after 1970, and the following rules and zone 665# were created for most of Quebec from the incorrect Shanks & 666# Pottenger data. The post-1970 entries have been corrected, but the 667# pre-1970 entries are unchecked and probably have errors. 668# 669Rule Mont 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 1:00 D 670Rule Mont 1917 only - Apr 24 0:00 0 S 671Rule Mont 1919 only - Mar 31 2:30 1:00 D 672Rule Mont 1919 only - Oct 25 2:30 0 S 673Rule Mont 1920 only - May 2 2:30 1:00 D 674Rule Mont 1920 1922 - Oct Sun>=1 2:30 0 S 675Rule Mont 1921 only - May 1 2:00 1:00 D 676Rule Mont 1922 only - Apr 30 2:00 1:00 D 677Rule Mont 1924 only - May 17 2:00 1:00 D 678Rule Mont 1924 1926 - Sep lastSun 2:30 0 S 679Rule Mont 1925 1926 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 680Rule Mont 1927 1937 - Apr lastSat 24:00 1:00 D 681Rule Mont 1927 1937 - Sep lastSat 24:00 0 S 682Rule Mont 1938 1940 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D 683Rule Mont 1938 1939 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 S 684Rule Mont 1946 1973 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 685Rule Mont 1945 1948 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S 686Rule Mont 1949 1950 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S 687Rule Mont 1951 1956 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S 688Rule Mont 1957 1973 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S 689Zone America/Montreal -4:54:16 - LMT 1884 690 -5:00 Mont E%sT 1918 691 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1919 692 -5:00 Mont E%sT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s 693 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1946 694 -5:00 Mont E%sT 1974 695 -5:00 Canada E%sT 696 697# Montserrat 698# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 699# In 1995 volcanic eruptions forced evacuation of Plymouth, the capital. 700# world.gazetteer.com says Cork Hill is the most populous location now. 701Zone America/Montserrat -4:08:52 - LMT 1911 Jul 1 0:01 # Cork Hill 702 -4:00 - AST 703 704# The Bahamas 705# 706# For 1899 Milne gives -5:09:29.5; round that. 707# 708# From P Chan (2020-11-27, corrected on 2020-12-02): 709# There were two periods of DST observed in 1942-1945: 1942-05-01 710# midnight to 1944-12-31 midnight and 1945-02-01 to 1945-10-17 midnight. 711# "midnight" should mean 24:00 from the context. 712# 713# War Time Order 1942 [1942-05-01] and War Time (No. 2) Order 1942 [1942-09-29] 714# Appendix to the Statutes of 7 George VI. and the Year 1942. p 34, 43 715# https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA3-PA34 716# https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA3-PA43 717# 718# War Time Order 1943 [1943-03-31] and War Time Order 1944 [1943-12-29] 719# Appendix to the Statutes of 8 George VI. and the Year 1943. p 9-10, 28-29 720# https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA4-PA9 721# https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA4-PA28 722# 723# War Time Order 1945 [1945-01-31] and the Order which revoke War Time Order 724# 1945 [1945-10-16] Appendix to the Statutes of 9 George VI. and the Year 725# 1945. p 160, 247-248 726# https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA6-PA160 727# https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA6-PA247 728# 729# From Sue Williams (2006-12-07): 730# The Bahamas announced about a month ago that they plan to change their DST 731# rules to sync with the U.S. starting in 2007.... 732# http://www.jonesbahamas.com/?c=45&a=10412 733 734Rule Bahamas 1942 only - May 1 24:00 1:00 W 735Rule Bahamas 1944 only - Dec 31 24:00 0 S 736Rule Bahamas 1945 only - Feb 1 0:00 1:00 W 737Rule Bahamas 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace 738Rule Bahamas 1945 only - Oct 17 24:00 0 S 739Rule Bahamas 1964 1975 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S 740Rule Bahamas 1964 1975 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 741 742Zone America/Nassau -5:09:30 - LMT 1912 Mar 2 743 -5:00 Bahamas E%sT 1976 744 -5:00 US E%sT 745 746# Canada 747# From Chris Walton (2022-10-15): 748# I would also like to see America/Nipigon and America/Rainy_River converted 749# into link entries because I have zero faith in the current Shanks based data. 750# From Paul Eggert (2022-10-15): 751# These are now links in the primary data. Also see America/Thunder_Bay. 752Zone America/Nipigon -5:53:04 - LMT 1895 753 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1940 Sep 29 754 -5:00 1:00 EDT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s 755 -5:00 Canada E%sT 756 757# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 758# On October 31, when the rest of Nunavut went to Central time, 759# Pangnirtung wobbled. Here is the result of their wobble: 760# 761# The following businesses and organizations in Pangnirtung use Central Time: 762# 763# First Air, Power Corp, Nunavut Construction, Health Center, RCMP, 764# Eastern Arctic National Parks, A & D Specialist 765# 766# The following businesses and organizations in Pangnirtung use Eastern Time: 767# 768# Hamlet office, All other businesses, Both schools, Airport operator 769# 770# This has made for an interesting situation there, which warranted the news. 771# No one there that I spoke with seems concerned, or has plans to 772# change the local methods of keeping time, as it evidently does not 773# really interfere with any activities or make things difficult locally. 774# They plan to celebrate New Year's turn-over twice, one hour apart, 775# so it appears that the situation will last at least that long. 776# The Nunavut Intergovernmental Affairs hopes that they will "come to 777# their senses", but the locals evidently don't see any problem with 778# the current state of affairs. 779 780# From Michaela Rodrigue, writing in the 781# Nunatsiaq News (1999-11-19): 782# http://www.nunatsiaqonline.ca/archives/nunavut991130/nvt91119_17.html 783# Clyde River, Pangnirtung and Sanikiluaq now operate with two time zones, 784# central - or Nunavut time - for government offices, and eastern time 785# for municipal offices and schools.... Igloolik [was similar but then] 786# made the switch to central time on Saturday, Nov. 6. 787 788# From Chris Walton (2022-11-06): 789# The implication is that Pangnirtung and Qikiqtarjuaq have observed Eastern 790# Time as far back as 1984 (and likely even further back than that). 791# It is possible that these communities never actually observed Atlantic 792# Time, but that would be difficult to prove. 793# From Paul Eggert (2022-11-06): 794# This is in 'backzone' as we have no good evidence that Pangnirtung differs 795# from America/Iqaluit since 1970. A Google Books snippet view of 796# volume 2, page 186 of "Pilot of Arctic Canada", published 1959 by 797# the Canadian Hydrographic Service, suggests (though does not state) 798# that Pangnirtung observed EST then. 799# 800# aka Panniqtuuq 801Zone America/Pangnirtung 0 - -00 1921 # trading post est. 802 -5:00 NT_YK E%sT 1999 Oct 31 2:00 803 -6:00 Canada C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00 804 -5:00 Canada E%sT 805 806# United States 807# 808# From Paul Eggert (2018-03-18): 809# America/Palm_Springs would be tricky, as it kept two sets of clocks 810# in 1946/7. See the following notes. 811# 812# From Steve Allen (2018-01-19): 813# The shadow of Mt. San Jacinto brings darkness very early in the winter 814# months. In 1946 the chamber of commerce decided to put the clocks of Palm 815# Springs forward by an hour in the winter. 816# https://www.desertsun.com/story/life/2017/12/27/palm-springs-struggle-daylight-savings-time-and-idea-sun-time/984416001/ 817# Desert Sun, Number 18, 1 November 1946 818# https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=DS19461101 819# has proposal for meeting on front page and page 21. 820# Desert Sun, Number 19, 5 November 1946 821# https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=DS19461105 822# reports that Sun Time won at the meeting on front page and page 5. 823# Desert Sun, Number 37, 7 January 1947 824# https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=DS19470107.2.12 825# front page reports request to abandon Sun Time and page 7 notes a "class war". 826# Desert Sun, Number 38, 10 January 1947 827# https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=DS19470110 828# front page reports on end. 829 830# Trinidad and Tobago 831Zone America/Port_of_Spain -4:06:04 - LMT 1912 Mar 2 832 -4:00 - AST 833Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Marigot 834Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Barthelemy 835 836# Canada 837# From Chris Walton (2022-10-15): 838# I would also like to see America/Nipigon and America/Rainy_River converted 839# into link entries because I have zero faith in the current Shanks based data. 840# From Paul Eggert (2022-10-15): 841# These are now links in the primary data. Also see America/Thunder_Bay. 842Zone America/Rainy_River -6:18:16 - LMT 1895 843 -6:00 Canada C%sT 1940 Sep 29 844 -6:00 1:00 CDT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s 845 -6:00 Canada C%sT 846 847# Argentina 848# This entry was intended for the following areas, but has been superseded by 849# more detailed zones. 850# Santa Fe (SF), Entre R��os (ER), Corrientes (CN), Misiones (MN), Chaco (CC), 851# Formosa (FM), La Pampa (LP), Chubut (CH) 852Zone America/Rosario -4:02:40 - LMT 1894 Nov 853 -4:16:44 - CMT 1920 May 854 -4:00 - -04 1930 Dec 855 -4:00 Arg -04/-03 1969 Oct 5 856 -3:00 Arg -03/-02 1991 Jul 857 -3:00 - -03 1999 Oct 3 0:00 858 -4:00 Arg -04/-03 2000 Mar 3 0:00 859 -3:00 - -03 860 861# St Kitts-Nevis 862Zone America/St_Kitts -4:10:52 - LMT 1912 Mar 2 # Basseterre 863 -4:00 - AST 864 865# St Lucia 866Zone America/St_Lucia -4:04:00 - LMT 1890 # Castries 867 -4:04:00 - CMT 1912 # Castries Mean Time 868 -4:00 - AST 869 870# US Virgin Is 871Zone America/St_Thomas -4:19:44 - LMT 1911 Jul # Charlotte Amalie 872 -4:00 - AST 873Link America/St_Thomas America/Virgin 874 875# St Vincent and the Grenadines 876Zone America/St_Vincent -4:04:56 - LMT 1890 # Kingstown 877 -4:04:56 - KMT 1912 # Kingstown Mean Time 878 -4:00 - AST 879 880# Canada 881# 882# From Paul Eggert (2003-07-27): 883# Willett (1914-03) writes (p. 17) "In the Cities of Fort William, and 884# Port Arthur, Ontario, the principle of the Bill has been in 885# operation for the past three years, and in the City of Moose Jaw, 886# Saskatchewan, for one year." 887# 888# From David Bryan via Tory Tronrud, Director/Curator, 889# Thunder Bay Museum (2003-11-12): 890# There is some suggestion, however, that, by-law or not, daylight 891# savings time was being practiced in Fort William and Port Arthur 892# before 1909.... [I]n 1910, the line between the Eastern and Central 893# Time Zones was permanently moved about two hundred miles west to 894# include the Thunder Bay area.... When Canada adopted daylight 895# savings time in 1916, Fort William and Port Arthur, having done so 896# already, did not change their clocks.... During the Second World 897# War,... [t]he cities agreed to implement DST during the summer 898# months for the remainder of the war years. 899# 900# From Jeffery Nichols (2020-02-06): 901# According to the [Shanks] atlas, those western Ontario zones are huge, 902# covering most of Ontario northwest of Sault Ste Marie and Timmins. 903# The zones seem to include towns bigger than the ones they're named after, 904# like Dryden in America/Rainy_River and Wawa (and maybe Attawapiskat) in 905# America/Nipigon. I assume it's too much trouble to change the name of the 906# zone (like when you found out that America/Glace_Bay includes Sydney, Nova 907# Scotia).... 908# 909# From Chris Walton (2022-10-15): 910# The TZ database currently shows that Thunder Bay has observed daylight 911# saving every year from 1970 onwards with the exception of 1973. 912# Back in July I raised some doubts on this mailing list about the 1973 data. 913# I now have more proof that it is wrong. 914# [attached Chronicle-Journal front pages, 1973-04-28 and 1973-10-27] 915# 916# From Paul Eggert (2022-10-15): 917# This is now a link in the primary data. The following entry is 918# from Shanks & Pottenger, with corrections as noted above. 919# 920Zone America/Thunder_Bay -5:57:00 - LMT 1895 921 -6:00 - CST 1910 922 -5:00 - EST 1942 923 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1970 924 -5:00 Toronto E%sT 1974 925 -5:00 Canada E%sT 926 927# British Virgin Is 928Zone America/Tortola -4:18:28 - LMT 1911 Jul # Road Town 929 -4:00 - AST 930 931# Yellowknife, Northwest Territories 932Zone America/Yellowknife 0 - -00 1935 # Yellowknife founded? 933 -7:00 NT_YK M%sT 1980 934 -7:00 Canada M%sT 935 936# Dumont d'Urville, ��le des P��trels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11 937# <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumont_d'Urville_Station> (2005-12-05) 938# 939# Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947. 940# It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14. 941# 942Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - -00 1947 943 10:00 - +10 1952 Jan 14 944 0 - -00 1956 Nov 945 10:00 - +10 946 947# McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1955-12 948Zone Antarctica/McMurdo 0 - -00 1956 949 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 950Link Antarctica/McMurdo Antarctica/South_Pole 951 952# Syowa, Antarctica 953# 954# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06): 955# In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time. 956# 957# Syowa station, which is the first antarctic station of Japan, 958# was established on 1957-01-29. Since Syowa station is still the main 959# station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location. 960# See: 961# NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17) 962# http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html 963Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - -00 1957 Jan 29 964 3:00 - +03 965 966# Yemen 967# Milne says 2:59:54 was the meridian of the saluting battery at Aden, 968# and that Yemen was at 1:55:56, the meridian of the Hagia Sophia. 969Zone Asia/Aden 2:59:54 - LMT 1950 970 3:00 - +03 971 972# Bahrain 973# 974# From Paul Eggert (2020-07-23): 975# Most of this data comes from: 976# Stewart A. Why Gulf Standard Time is far from standard: the fascinating story 977# behind the time zone's invention. The National (Abu Dhabi). 2020-07-22. 978# https://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/why-gulf-standard-time-is-far-from-standard-the-fascinating-story-behind-the-time-zone-s-invention-1.1052589 979# Stewart writes that before 1941 some companies in Bahrain were at +0330 and 980# others at +0323. Reginald George Alban, a British political agent based in 981# Manama, worked to standardize this, and from 1941-07-20 Bahrain was at 982# +0330. However, BOAC asked that clocks be moved to gain more light at day's 983# end, so Bahrain switched to +04 on 1944-01-01. 984# 985# Re the 1941 transition, Stewart privately sent me this citation: 986# "File 16/53 Enquiries Re: Calculation of Local Time", British Library: India 987# Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/R/15/2/1564, in Qatar Digital Library 988# https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100000000282.0x00012b 989# It says there was no real standard in Bahrain before 1941-07-20. 990# +0330 was used by steamers of the British India Co, by Petroleum Concessions 991# and by Cable & Wireless; +0323 was used by the Eastern Bank Ltd, BOAC, and 992# Bahrein Petroleum (Bapco), and California Arabian Standard Oil Co (Casoc) 993# adopted DST effective 1941-05-24. Alban suggested adopting DST, R.B. Coomb 994# of C&W countersuggested +0330, and although C.A. Rodstrom of Casoc (formerly 995# of Bapco) stated that Bahrain had formerly used +0330 before Bapco arrived 996# but Bapco switched to +0323 because of "constant confusion", the consensus 997# was +0330. The government adopted +0330 in 1941-07-20 and companies seem to 998# have switched by 08-01. No time of day was given for the 1940s transitions. 999Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1941 Jul 20 # Manamah 1000 3:30 - +0330 1944 Jan 1 1001 4:00 - +04 1972 Jun 1002 3:00 - +03 1003 1004# Brunei 1005Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan 1006 7:30 - +0730 1933 1007 8:00 - +08 1008 1009# India 1010# 1011# From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06): 1012# The 1876 Report of the Secretary of the [US] Navy, p 305 says that Madras 1013# civil time was 5:20:57.3. 1014# 1015# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-21): 1016# In tomorrow's The Hindu, Nitya Menon reports that India had two civil time 1017# zones starting in 1884, one in Bombay and one in Calcutta, and that railways 1018# used a third time zone based on Madras time (80�� 18' 30" E). Also, 1019# in 1881 Bombay briefly switched to Madras time, but switched back. See: 1020# http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/madras-375-when-madras-clocked-the-time/article6339393.ece 1021#Zone Asia/Chennai [not enough info to complete] 1022 1023# China 1024# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area) 1025# Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan; 1026# most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong 1027# counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing, 1028# Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu. 1029Zone Asia/Chongqing 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chungking 1030 7:00 - +07 1980 May 1031 8:00 PRC C%sT 1032Link Asia/Chongqing Asia/Chungking 1033 1034# Vietnam 1035# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13): 1036# See Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh for the source for this data. 1037# Tr���n's book says the 1954-55 transition to 07:00 in Hanoi was in 1038# October 1954, with exact date and time unspecified. 1039Zone Asia/Hanoi 7:03:24 - LMT 1906 Jul 1 1040 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1 1041 7:00 - +07 1942 Dec 31 23:00 1042 8:00 - +08 1945 Mar 14 23:00 1043 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 2 1044 7:00 - +07 1947 Apr 1 1045 8:00 - +08 1954 Oct 1046 7:00 - +07 1047 1048# China 1049# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) 1050# Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin 1051Zone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928 # or Haerbin 1052 8:30 - +0830 1932 Mar 1053 8:00 - CST 1940 1054 9:00 - +09 1966 May 1055 8:30 - +0830 1980 May 1056 8:00 PRC C%sT 1057 1058# far west China 1059Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar 1060 5:30 - +0530 1940 1061 5:00 - +05 1980 May 1062 8:00 PRC C%sT 1063 1064# peninsular Malaysia 1065# taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 1066# https://web.archive.org/web/20190822231045/http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/~mathelmr/teaching/timezone.html 1067# This agrees with Singapore since 1905-06-01. 1068Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 1069 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 1070 7:00 - +07 1933 Jan 1 1071 7:00 0:20 +0720 1936 Jan 1 1072 7:20 - +0720 1941 Sep 1 1073 7:30 - +0730 1942 Feb 16 1074 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12 1075 7:30 - +0730 1981 Dec 31 16:00u 1076 8:00 - +08 1077 1078# Kuwait 1079Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950 1080 3:00 - +03 1081 1082 1083# Oman 1084# Milne says 3:54:24 was the meridian of the Muscat Tidal Observatory. 1085Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:24 - LMT 1920 1086 4:00 - +04 1087 1088# India 1089# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-11), after a heads-up from Stephen Colebourne: 1090# According to a Portuguese decree (1911-05-26) 1091# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 1092# Portuguese India switched to UT +05 on 1912-01-01. 1093#Zone Asia/Panaji [not enough info to complete] 1094 1095# Cambodia 1096 1097# From an adoptive daughter of the late Cambodian ruler Prince Sihanouk, 1098# via Alois Treindl (2019-08-08): 1099# 1100# King Sihanouk said that, during the Japanese occupation, starting with 1101# what historians refer to as "le coup de force du 9 mars 1945", Cambodia, 1102# like the entire French Indochina, used Tokyo time zone. After Japan 1103# surrendered, 2 September 1945, Cambodia fell under French rule again and 1104# adopted Hanoi time zone again. 1105# 1106# However, on 7 January 1946, Sihanouk and Tioulong managed to obtain a 1107# status of "internal autonomy" from the government of Charles de Gaulle. 1108# Although many fields remained under the administration of the French 1109# (customs, taxes, justice, defence, foreign affairs, etc.), the Cambodian 1110# administration was responsible for religious matters and traditional 1111# celebrations, which included our calendar and time. The time zone was GMT 1112# + 7 and _no_ DST was applied. 1113# 1114# After Sihanouk and Tioulong achieved full independence, on 9 November 1953, 1115# GMT + 7 was maintained. 1116 1117# From Paul Eggert (2019-08-26): 1118# See Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh for the source for most of rest of this data. 1119 1120Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jul 1 1121 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1 1122 7:00 - +07 1942 Dec 31 23:00 1123 8:00 - +08 1945 Mar 14 23:00 1124 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 2 1125 7:00 - +07 1126 1127# Israel 1128Zone Asia/Tel_Aviv 2:19:04 - LMT 1880 1129 2:21 - JMT 1918 1130 2:00 Zion I%sT 1131 1132# Laos 1133# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-11): 1134# See Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh for the source for most of this data. 1135# Tr���n's book says that Laos reverted to UT +07 on 1955-04-15. 1136# Also, guess that Laos reverted to +07 on 1945-09-02, when Vietnam did; 1137# this is probably wrong but it's better than guessing no transition. 1138Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jul 1 1139 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1 1140 7:00 - +07 1942 Dec 31 23:00 1141 8:00 - +08 1945 Mar 14 23:00 1142 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 2 1143 7:00 - +07 1947 Apr 1 1144 8:00 - +08 1955 Apr 15 1145 7:00 - +07 1146 1147# Jan Mayen 1148# From Whitman: 1149Zone Atlantic/Jan_Mayen -1:00 - -01 1150 1151# Iceland 1152# 1153# From Adam David (1993-11-06): 1154# The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT. 1155# 1156# (1993-12-05): 1157# This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of 1158# Iceland Almanak. 1159# 1160# From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour 1161# behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts 1162# of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjav��k mean solar time which 1163# was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT. 1164# 1165# "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks 1166# of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the 1167# time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always 1168# Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars. 1169# 1170# (1993-12-10): 1171# I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the 1172# beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus 1173# to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question. 1174# the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day 1175# (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday. 1176# St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style" 1177# might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it 1178# might mean something else (???). 1179# 1180# From Paul Eggert (2014-11-22): 1181# The information below is taken from the 1988 Almanak; see 1182# http://www.almanak.hi.is/klukkan.html 1183# 1184Rule Iceland 1917 1919 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 - 1185Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 - 1186Rule Iceland 1918 1919 - Nov 16 1:00 0 - 1187Rule Iceland 1921 only - Mar 19 23:00 1:00 - 1188Rule Iceland 1921 only - Jun 23 1:00 0 - 1189Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 - 1190Rule Iceland 1939 only - Oct 29 2:00 0 - 1191Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 - 1192Rule Iceland 1940 1941 - Nov Sun>=2 1:00s 0 - 1193Rule Iceland 1941 1942 - Mar Sun>=2 1:00s 1:00 - 1194# 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter 1195Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 - 1196Rule Iceland 1942 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - 1197# 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter 1198Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 - 1199# 1949 and 1967 Oct transitions delayed by 1 week 1200Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 - 1201Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - 1202Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 - 1203 1204Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:28 - LMT 1908 1205 -1:00 Iceland -01/+00 1968 Apr 7 1:00s 1206 0:00 - GMT 1207Link Atlantic/Reykjavik Iceland 1208 1209# St Helena 1210Zone Atlantic/St_Helena -0:22:48 - LMT 1890 # Jamestown 1211 -0:22:48 - JMT 1951 # Jamestown Mean Time 1212 0:00 - GMT 1213 1214# King Island 1215Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 1216 10:00 AT AE%sT 1919 Oct 24 1217 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1968 Oct 15 1218 10:00 AT AE%sT 1219 1220 1221# Netherlands 1222 1223# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940, 1224# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time. 1225 1226# However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01): 1227# Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00 1228# Amsterdam mean time) onwards, the whole of the Netherlands (including 1229# the Dutch railways) was required by law to observe Amsterdam mean time 1230# (19 minutes 32.13 seconds ahead of GMT). This had already been the 1231# common practice (except for the railways) for many decades but it was 1232# not until 1909 when the Dutch government finally defined this by law. 1233# On 1937-07-01 this was changed to 20 minutes (exactly) ahead of GMT and 1234# was generally known as Dutch Time ("Nederlandse Tijd"). 1235# 1236# (2001-04-08): 1237# 1892-05-01 was the date when the Dutch railways were by law required to 1238# observe GMT while the remainder of the Netherlands adhered to the common 1239# practice of following Amsterdam mean time. 1240# 1241# (2001-04-09): 1242# In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the 1243# municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe 1244# Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was 1245# actually followed. 1246# 1247# From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to 1248# observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of 1249# Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most 1250# places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically 1251# adopted Amsterdam mean time. 1252# 1253# Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety 1254# of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it 1255# was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe 1256# Amsterdam mean time. 1257 1258# The data entries before 1945 are taken from 1259# https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/wettijd/wettijd.htm 1260 1261# From Paul Eggert (2021-05-09): 1262# I invented the abbreviations AMT for Amsterdam Mean Time and NST for 1263# Netherlands Summer Time, used in the Netherlands from 1835 to 1937. 1264 1265Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time 1266Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time 1267Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST 1268Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT 1269Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 1270Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastMon 2:00s 0 AMT 1271Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST 1272Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT 1273Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 1274Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST 1275Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 1276# From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week 1277# in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend. 1278Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST 1279Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST 1280Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST 1281Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST 1282Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S 1283Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - 1284Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S 1285Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 1286Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 1287 #STDOFF 0:19:32.13 1288Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835 1289 0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1 1290 0:20 Neth +0020/+0120 1940 May 16 0:00 1291 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1292 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977 1293 1:00 EU CE%sT 1294 1295 1296# Northern Ireland 1297Zone Europe/Belfast -0:23:40 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 1298 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 1299 # DMT = Dublin/Dunsink MT 1300 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s 1301 # IST = Irish Summer Time 1302 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 1303 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 1304 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 1305 0:00 EU GMT/BST 1306 1307 1308# Denmark 1309 1310# From Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2005-04-26): 1311# the law [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01.... 1312# The page https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/1893/83 1313# confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29. 1314# 1315# The EU [actually, EEC and Euratom] treaty with effect from 1973: 1316# https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/1972/21100 1317# 1318# This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes 1319# in subsequent decrees with the law 1320# https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/1974/223 1321# 1322# It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980. I have 1323# not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST 1324# changes are stated explicitly to be from 1980-04-06 at 02:00 to 1325# 1980-09-28 at 02:00. If this is true, this differs slightly from 1326# the EU rule in that DST runs to 02:00, not 03:00. We don't know 1327# when Denmark began using the EU rule correctly, but we have only 1328# confirmation of the 1980-time, so I presume it was correct in 1981: 1329# The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning 1330# working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which 1331# was suspended on that night): 1332# https://web.archive.org/web/20140104053304/https://www.retsinformation.dk/Forms/R0710.aspx?id=60267 1333 1334# From Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2005-06-11): 1335# The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between 1336# Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two. 1337 1338# From Paul Eggert (2005-06-11): 1339# Hence the "02:00" of the 1980 law refers to standard time, not 1340# wall-clock time, and so the EU rules were in effect in 1980. 1341 1342Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S 1343Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 - 1344Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 1345Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 1346Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 - 1347Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S 1348Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 - 1349Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S 1350Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 - 1351Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S 1352Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 - 1353# 1354Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890 1355 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Jan 1 # Copenhagen MT 1356 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 1357 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1358 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980 1359 1:00 EU CE%sT 1360 1361# Guernsey 1362# Data from Joseph S. Myers 1363# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2013-September/019883.html 1364# References to be added 1365# LMT is for Town Church, St. Peter Port, 49�� 27' 17" N, 2�� 32' 10" W. 1366Zone Europe/Guernsey -0:10:09 - LMT 1913 Jun 18 1367 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1940 Jul 2 1368 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 1369 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 1370 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 1371 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 1372 0:00 EU GMT/BST 1373 1374# Isle of Man 1375# 1376# From Lester Caine (2013-09-04): 1377# The Isle of Man legislation is now on-line at 1378# <https://www.legislation.gov.im>, starting with the original Statutory 1379# Time Act in 1883 and including additional confirmation of some of 1380# the dates of the 'Summer Time' orders originating at 1381# Westminster. There is a little uncertainty as to the starting date 1382# of the first summer time in 1916 which may have been announced a 1383# couple of days late. There is still a substantial number of 1384# documents to work through, but it is thought that every GB change 1385# was also implemented on the island. 1386# 1387# AT4 of 1883 - The Statutory Time et cetera Act 1883 - 1388# LMT Location - 54.1508N -4.4814E - Tynwald Hill ( Manx parliament ) 1389Zone Europe/Isle_of_Man -0:17:55 - LMT 1883 Mar 30 0:00s 1390 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 1391 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 1392 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 1393 0:00 EU GMT/BST 1394 1395# Jersey 1396# Data from Joseph S. Myers 1397# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2013-September/019883.html 1398# References to be added 1399# LMT is for Parish Church, St. Helier, 49�� 11' 0.57" N, 2�� 6' 24.33" W. 1400Zone Europe/Jersey -0:08:26 - LMT 1898 Jun 11 16:00u 1401 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1940 Jul 2 1402 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 1403 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 1404 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 1405 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 1406 0:00 EU GMT/BST 1407 1408# Slovenia 1409Zone Europe/Ljubljana 0:58:04 - LMT 1884 1410 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 1411 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s 1412 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 1413 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 1414 1:00 EU CE%sT 1415 1416 1417# Luxembourg 1418 1419# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; 1420# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1421Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S 1422Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 1423Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S 1424Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 - 1425Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 1426Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - 1427Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S 1428Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 - 1429Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S 1430Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 - 1431Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S 1432Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 - 1433Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S 1434Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - 1435Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S 1436Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 - 1437Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S 1438Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - 1439Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S 1440Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S 1441Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S 1442Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S 1443Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S 1444 1445Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun 1446 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25 1447 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s 1448 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00 1449 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00 1450 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 1451 1:00 EU CE%sT 1452 1453# Monaco 1454# 1455# From Michael Deckers (2020-06-12): 1456# In the "Journal de Monaco" of 1892-05-24, online at 1457# https://journaldemonaco.gouv.mc/var/jdm/storage/original/application/b1c67c12c5af11b41ea888fb048e4fe8.pdf 1458# we read: ... 1459# [In virtue of a Sovereign Ordinance of the May 13 of the current [year], 1460# legal time in the Principality will be set to, from the date of June 1, 1461# 1892 onwards, to the meridian of Paris, as in France.] 1462# In the "Journal de Monaco" of 1911-03-28, online at 1463# https://journaldemonaco.gouv.mc/var/jdm/storage/original/application/de74ffb7db53d4f599059fe8f0ed482a.pdf 1464# we read an ordinance of 1911-03-16: ... 1465# [Legal time in the Principality will be set, from the date of promulgation 1466# of the present ordinance, to legal time in France.... Consequently, legal 1467# time will be retarded by 9 minutes and 21 seconds.] 1468# 1469Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1892 Jun 1 1470 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 29 # Paris Mean Time 1471 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 1472 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 1473 1:00 EU CE%sT 1474 1475 1476# Norway 1477 1478# http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks & 1479# Pottenger. 1480Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S 1481Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1482Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 1483Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - 1484Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 1485Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 1486Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S 1487 1488Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1 1489 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00 1490 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1491 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980 1492 1:00 EU CE%sT 1493Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen 1494#PACKRATLIST zone.tab Link Europe/Oslo Atlantic/Jan_Mayen 1495 1496# Bosnia and Herzegovina 1497Zone Europe/Sarajevo 1:13:40 - LMT 1884 1498 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 1499 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s 1500 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 1501 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 1502 1:00 EU CE%sT 1503 1504# North Macedonia 1505Zone Europe/Skopje 1:25:44 - LMT 1884 1506 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 1507 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s 1508 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 1509 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 1510 1:00 EU CE%sT 1511 1512 1513# Sweden 1514 1515# From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger: 1516# 1517# The law "Svensk f��rfattningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879: 1518# From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all 1519# places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at 1520# three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the 1521# meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31. 1522# 1523# The observatory at that time had the meridian 18�� 03' 30" 1524# eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time. Less 12 minutes gives the 1525# national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT.... 1526# 1527# About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk 1528# f��rfattningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning 1529# of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at 1530# the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English 1531# observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west 1532# from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1533# 1899-06-16. In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time 1534# in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT. 1535# 1536# 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk f��rfattningssamling 1916, no 124") states 1537# that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is 1538# pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00.... 1539# Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later". 1540# 1541# The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish 1542# Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are 1543# not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available 1544# in Swedish): <http://www.riksdagen.se/english/work/sfst.asp> (type 1545# "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click 1546# the S��k-button). 1547# 1548# (2001-05-13): 1549# 1550# I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00 1551# summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show 1552# 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time. The article also reports that some 1553# people thought the switch to standard time would take place already 1554# at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another 1555# hour before the event took place. 1556# 1557# Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left. 1558 1559# An extra-special abbreviation style is SET for Swedish Time (svensk 1560# normaltid) 1879-1899, 3�� west of the Stockholm Observatory. 1561 1562Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1 1563 1:00:14 - SET 1900 Jan 1 # Swedish Time 1564 1:00 - CET 1916 May 14 23:00 1565 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Oct 1 1:00 1566 1:00 - CET 1980 1567 1:00 EU CE%sT 1568 1569 1570# Moldova / Transnistria 1571Zone Europe/Tiraspol 1:58:32 - LMT 1880 1572 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT 1573 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 1574 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15 1575 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17 1576 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24 1577 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00 1578 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00 1579 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1580 1581# Ukraine 1582# 1583# Although Shanks & Pottenger say Transcarpathia used CET 1990/1991, 1584# this unreliable source contradicts contemporaneous government resolutions 1585# (see the commentary for Ukraine in the 'europe' file) 1586# so for now this dubious zone is in 'backzone'. 1587# "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian spelling, but 1588# "Uzhgorod" was a common English spelling when this dubious zone was 1589# added to TZDB in 1999. 1590Zone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct 1591 1:00 - CET 1940 1592 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 1593 1:00 1:00 CEST 1944 Oct 26 1594 1:00 - CET 1945 Jun 29 1595 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 1596 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 1597 1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00 1598 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 20 1599 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1996 May 13 1600 2:00 EU EE%sT 1601 1602# Liechtenstein 1603 1604# From Paul Eggert (2022-07-21): 1605# Shanks & Pottenger say Vaduz is like Zurich starting June 1894. 1606 1607# From Alois Treindl (2019-07-04): 1608# I was able to access the online archive of the Vaduz paper Vaterland ... 1609# I could confirm from the paper that Liechtenstein did in fact follow 1610# the same DST in 1941 and 1942 as Switzerland did. 1611 1612Zone Europe/Vaduz 0:38:04 - LMT 1894 Jun 1613 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981 1614 1:00 EU CE%sT 1615 1616# Croatia 1617Zone Europe/Zagreb 1:03:52 - LMT 1884 1618 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 1619 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s 1620 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 1621 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 1622 1:00 EU CE%sT 1623 1624# Ukraine 1625 1626# Although Shanks & Pottenger say Zaporizhzhia and eastern Lugansk 1627# observed DST 1990/1991, this unreliable source contradicts contemporaneous 1628# government resolutions (see the commentary for Ukraine in the 'europe' file) 1629# so for now this dubious zone is in 'backzone'. 1630# "Zaporizhzhia" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but 1631# "Zaporozhye" was a common English spelling when this dubious zone was 1632# added to TZDB in 1999. 1633Zone Europe/Zaporozhye 2:20:40 - LMT 1880 1634 2:20 - +0220 1924 May 2 1635 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 1636 3:00 - MSK 1941 Aug 25 1637 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Oct 25 1638 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00 1639 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1992 Mar 20 1640 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1996 May 13 1641 2:00 EU EE%sT 1642 1643# Madagascar 1644Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 - LMT 1911 Jul 1645 3:00 - EAT 1954 Feb 27 23:00s 1646 3:00 1:00 EAST 1954 May 29 23:00s 1647 3:00 - EAT 1648 1649# Christmas 1650Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 1651 7:00 - +07 1652 1653# Cocos (Keeling) Is 1654# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 1655# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 1656Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 1657 6:30 - +0630 1658 1659# Comoros 1660Zone Indian/Comoro 2:53:04 - LMT 1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro 1661 3:00 - EAT 1662 1663# Kerguelen 1664Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - -00 1950 # Port-aux-Fran��ais 1665 5:00 - +05 1666 1667# Seychelles 1668# 1669# From P Chan (2020-11-27): 1670# Standard Time was adopted on 1907-01-01. 1671# 1672# Standard Time Ordinance (Chapter 237) 1673# The Laws of Seychelles in Force on the 31st December, 1971, Vol. 6, p 571 1674# https://books.google.com/books?id=efE-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA571 1675# 1676# From Tim Parenti (2020-12-05): 1677# A footnote on https://books.google.com/books?id=DYdDAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1689 1678# confirms that Ordinance No. 9 of 1906 "was brought into force on the 1st 1679# January, 1907." 1680 1681Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1907 Jan 1 # Victoria 1682 4:00 - +04 1683# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30): 1684# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the 1685# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory 1686# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know 1687# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now. 1688# Possibly the islands were uninhabited. 1689 1690 1691# Mayotte 1692Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamoutzou 1693 3:00 - EAT 1694 1695# R��union 1696Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis 1697 4:00 - +04 1698# 1699# Scattered Islands (��les ��parses) administered from R��union are as follows. 1700# The following information about them is taken from 1701# ��les ��parses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22, 1702# in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17). 1703# We have no info about their time zone histories. 1704# 1705# Bassas da India - uninhabited 1706# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families 1707# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958 1708# Juan de Nova - uninhabited 1709# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958 1710 1711# Micronesia 1712# Also see Pacific/Pohnpei and commentary for Micronesia in 'australasia'. 1713# 1714# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): 1715# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 1716# "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk' 1717# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10." 1718# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UT +10 to +11 1719# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. 1720Zone Pacific/Chuuk -13:52:52 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 1721 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 1722 10:00 - +10 1914 Oct 1723 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1 1724 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 1725 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 1726 10:00 - +10 1727Link Pacific/Chuuk Pacific/Truk 1728Link Pacific/Chuuk Pacific/Yap 1729 1730# Phoenix Islands, Kiribati 1731# From Paul Eggert (2021-05-27): 1732# Enderbury was inhabited 1860/1880s to mine guano, and 1938-03-06/1942-02-09 1733# for aviation (ostensibly commercial, but military uses foreseen). 1734# The 19th-century dates are approximate. See Pacific/Kanton for 1735# the currently inhabited representative for this timezone. 1736Zone Pacific/Enderbury 0 - -00 1860 1737 -11:24:20 - LMT 1885 1738 0 - -00 1938 Mar 6 1739 -12:00 - -12 1942 Feb 9 1740 0 - -00 1741 1742# Tuvalu 1743Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 1744 12:00 - +12 1745 1746# Johnston 1747Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST 1748 1749# Marshall Is 1750Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 1751 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct 1752 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1 1753 11:00 - +11 1937 1754 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 1755 9:00 - +09 1944 Jan 30 1756 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct 1757 12:00 - +12 1758 1759# Midway 1760# 1761# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23): 1762# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies, 1763# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3] 1764# reproduced a Pan American Airways timetable from 1936, for their weekly 1765# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting 1766# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone 1767# designations that I've never seen before:.... 1768# Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun. 1769# " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A " 1770# 1771Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 1772 -11:00 - -11 1956 Jun 3 1773 -11:00 1:00 -10 1956 Sep 2 1774 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 1775 1776# Micronesia 1777# Also see Pacific/Chuuk and commentary for Micronesia in 'australasia'. 1778Zone Pacific/Pohnpei -13:27:08 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 # Kolonia 1779 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 1780 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct 1781 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1 1782 11:00 - +11 1937 1783 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 1784 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 1785 11:00 - +11 1786Link Pacific/Pohnpei Pacific/Ponape 1787 1788# N Mariana Is 1789# 1790# From Paul Eggert (2022-08-16): 1791# Although Shanks & Pottenger say Saipan used +09 and then switched 1792# to Guam time in October 1969, this is surely wrong. 1793# Saipan used Guam time in the late 1950s; see page 4 of the minutes on the 1794# conference of the 12th Saipan Legislature and the Select Committee on 1795# Saipan Mission, 5th Guam Legislature (1959-09-11): 1796# http://www.nmhcouncil.org/nmhc_archives/U.S.%20Navy%20Civil%20Affairs%20Files%201944-1962/1959/1959%2009%2017%20letter,%20minutes%20of%20conference,%20Borja.pdf 1797# For now, assume Saipan switched to Guam time after the Battle of Saipan. 1798# 1799Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 1800 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 1801 9:00 - +09 1944 Jul 9 1802 10:00 Guam G%sT 2000 Dec 23 1803 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 1804 1805 1806# Wake 1807 1808# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1809# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1810# 1811# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the 1812# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1813# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1814# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1815# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1816# impossible. 1817# 1818# https://www.trumanlibrary.org/oralhist/andrsonv.htm 1819 1820# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1821# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1822 1823# Also see commentary for Micronesia in 'australasia'. 1824Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 1825 12:00 - +12 1826 1827 1828# Wallis and Futuna 1829Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 1830 12:00 - +12 1831 1832# Local Variables: 1833# coding: utf-8 1834# End: 1835