1/* 2 * Copyright (c) 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996 3 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 6 * modification, are permitted provided that: (1) source code distributions 7 * retain the above copyright notice and this paragraph in its entirety, (2) 8 * distributions including binary code include the above copyright notice and 9 * this paragraph in its entirety in the documentation or other materials 10 * provided with the distribution, and (3) all advertising materials mentioning 11 * features or use of this software display the following acknowledgement: 12 * ``This product includes software developed by the University of California, 13 * Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and its contributors.'' Neither the name of 14 * the University nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse 15 * or promote products derived from this software without specific prior 16 * written permission. 17 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED 18 * WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF 19 * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. 20 */ 21 22#ifndef _WIN32 23#include <arpa/inet.h> 24#endif 25 26#include <pcap/pcap-inttypes.h> 27#include <pcap/compiler-tests.h> 28#include "portability.h" 29 30/* 31 * If we have versions of GCC or Clang that support an __attribute__ 32 * to say "if we're building with unsigned behavior sanitization, 33 * don't complain about undefined behavior in this function", we 34 * label these functions with that attribute - we *know* it's undefined 35 * in the C standard, but we *also* know it does what we want with 36 * the ISA we're targeting and the compiler we're using. 37 * 38 * For GCC 4.9.0 and later, we use __attribute__((no_sanitize_undefined)); 39 * pre-5.0 GCC doesn't have __has_attribute, and I'm not sure whether 40 * GCC or Clang first had __attribute__((no_sanitize(XXX)). 41 * 42 * For Clang, we check for __attribute__((no_sanitize(XXX)) with 43 * __has_attribute, as there are versions of Clang that support 44 * __attribute__((no_sanitize("undefined")) but don't support 45 * __attribute__((no_sanitize_undefined)). 46 * 47 * We define this here, rather than in funcattrs.h, because we 48 * only want it used here, we don't want it to be broadly used. 49 * (Any printer will get this defined, but this should at least 50 * make it harder for people to find.) 51 */ 52#if defined(__GNUC__) && ((__GNUC__ * 100 + __GNUC_MINOR__) >= 409) 53#define UNALIGNED_OK __attribute__((no_sanitize_undefined)) 54#elif __has_attribute(no_sanitize) 55#define UNALIGNED_OK __attribute__((no_sanitize("undefined"))) 56#else 57#define UNALIGNED_OK 58#endif 59 60#if (defined(__i386__) || defined(_M_IX86) || defined(__X86__) || defined(__x86_64__) || defined(_M_X64)) || \ 61 (defined(__m68k__) && (!defined(__mc68000__) && !defined(__mc68010__))) || \ 62 (defined(__ppc__) || defined(__ppc64__) || defined(_M_PPC) || defined(_ARCH_PPC) || defined(_ARCH_PPC64)) || \ 63 (defined(__s390__) || defined(__s390x__) || defined(__zarch__)) 64/* 65 * The processor natively handles unaligned loads, so we can just 66 * cast the pointer and fetch through it. 67 * 68 * XXX - are those all the x86 tests we need? 69 * XXX - are those the only 68k tests we need not to generated 70 * unaligned accesses if the target is the 68000 or 68010? 71 * XXX - are there any tests we don't need, because some definitions are for 72 * compilers that also predefine the GCC symbols? 73 * XXX - do we need to test for both 32-bit and 64-bit versions of those 74 * architectures in all cases? 75 */ 76UNALIGNED_OK static inline uint16_t 77EXTRACT_BE_U_2(const void *p) 78{ 79 return ((uint16_t)ntohs(*(const uint16_t *)(p))); 80} 81 82UNALIGNED_OK static inline int16_t 83EXTRACT_BE_S_2(const void *p) 84{ 85 return ((int16_t)ntohs(*(const int16_t *)(p))); 86} 87 88UNALIGNED_OK static inline uint32_t 89EXTRACT_BE_U_4(const void *p) 90{ 91 return ((uint32_t)ntohl(*(const uint32_t *)(p))); 92} 93 94UNALIGNED_OK static inline int32_t 95EXTRACT_BE_S_4(const void *p) 96{ 97 return ((int32_t)ntohl(*(const int32_t *)(p))); 98} 99 100UNALIGNED_OK static inline uint64_t 101EXTRACT_BE_U_8(const void *p) 102{ 103 return ((uint64_t)(((uint64_t)ntohl(*((const uint32_t *)(p) + 0))) << 32 | 104 ((uint64_t)ntohl(*((const uint32_t *)(p) + 1))) << 0)); 105 106} 107 108UNALIGNED_OK static inline int64_t 109EXTRACT_BE_S_8(const void *p) 110{ 111 return ((int64_t)(((int64_t)ntohl(*((const uint32_t *)(p) + 0))) << 32 | 112 ((uint64_t)ntohl(*((const uint32_t *)(p) + 1))) << 0)); 113 114} 115#elif PCAP_IS_AT_LEAST_GNUC_VERSION(2,0) && \ 116 (defined(__alpha) || defined(__alpha__) || \ 117 defined(__mips) || defined(__mips__)) 118/* 119 * This is MIPS or Alpha, which don't natively handle unaligned loads, 120 * but which have instructions that can help when doing unaligned 121 * loads, and this is GCC 2.0 or later or a compiler that claims to 122 * be GCC 2.0 or later, which we assume that mean we have 123 * __attribute__((packed)), which we can use to convince the compiler 124 * to generate those instructions. 125 * 126 * Declare packed structures containing a uint16_t and a uint32_t, 127 * cast the pointer to point to one of those, and fetch through it; 128 * the GCC manual doesn't appear to explicitly say that 129 * __attribute__((packed)) causes the compiler to generate unaligned-safe 130 * code, but it appears to do so. 131 * 132 * We do this in case the compiler can generate code using those 133 * instructions to do an unaligned load and pass stuff to "ntohs()" or 134 * "ntohl()", which might be better than the code to fetch the 135 * bytes one at a time and assemble them. (That might not be the 136 * case on a little-endian platform, such as DEC's MIPS machines and 137 * Alpha machines, where "ntohs()" and "ntohl()" might not be done 138 * inline.) 139 * 140 * We do this only for specific architectures because, for example, 141 * at least some versions of GCC, when compiling for 64-bit SPARC, 142 * generate code that assumes alignment if we do this. 143 * 144 * XXX - add other architectures and compilers as possible and 145 * appropriate. 146 * 147 * HP's C compiler, indicated by __HP_cc being defined, supports 148 * "#pragma unaligned N" in version A.05.50 and later, where "N" 149 * specifies a number of bytes at which the typedef on the next 150 * line is aligned, e.g. 151 * 152 * #pragma unalign 1 153 * typedef uint16_t unaligned_uint16_t; 154 * 155 * to define unaligned_uint16_t as a 16-bit unaligned data type. 156 * This could be presumably used, in sufficiently recent versions of 157 * the compiler, with macros similar to those below. This would be 158 * useful only if that compiler could generate better code for PA-RISC 159 * or Itanium than would be generated by a bunch of shifts-and-ORs. 160 * 161 * DEC C, indicated by __DECC being defined, has, at least on Alpha, 162 * an __unaligned qualifier that can be applied to pointers to get the 163 * compiler to generate code that does unaligned loads and stores when 164 * dereferencing the pointer in question. 165 * 166 * XXX - what if the native C compiler doesn't support 167 * __attribute__((packed))? How can we get it to generate unaligned 168 * accesses for *specific* items? 169 */ 170typedef struct { 171 uint16_t val; 172} __attribute__((packed)) unaligned_uint16_t; 173 174typedef struct { 175 int16_t val; 176} __attribute__((packed)) unaligned_int16_t; 177 178typedef struct { 179 uint32_t val; 180} __attribute__((packed)) unaligned_uint32_t; 181 182typedef struct { 183 int32_t val; 184} __attribute__((packed)) unaligned_int32_t; 185 186UNALIGNED_OK static inline uint16_t 187EXTRACT_BE_U_2(const void *p) 188{ 189 return ((uint16_t)ntohs(((const unaligned_uint16_t *)(p))->val)); 190} 191 192UNALIGNED_OK static inline int16_t 193EXTRACT_BE_S_2(const void *p) 194{ 195 return ((int16_t)ntohs(((const unaligned_int16_t *)(p))->val)); 196} 197 198UNALIGNED_OK static inline uint32_t 199EXTRACT_BE_U_4(const void *p) 200{ 201 return ((uint32_t)ntohl(((const unaligned_uint32_t *)(p))->val)); 202} 203 204UNALIGNED_OK static inline int32_t 205EXTRACT_BE_S_4(const void *p) 206{ 207 return ((int32_t)ntohl(((const unaligned_int32_t *)(p))->val)); 208} 209 210UNALIGNED_OK static inline uint64_t 211EXTRACT_BE_U_8(const void *p) 212{ 213 return ((uint64_t)(((uint64_t)ntohl(((const unaligned_uint32_t *)(p) + 0)->val)) << 32 | 214 ((uint64_t)ntohl(((const unaligned_uint32_t *)(p) + 1)->val)) << 0)); 215} 216 217UNALIGNED_OK static inline int64_t 218EXTRACT_BE_S_8(const void *p) 219{ 220 return ((int64_t)(((uint64_t)ntohl(((const unaligned_uint32_t *)(p) + 0)->val)) << 32 | 221 ((uint64_t)ntohl(((const unaligned_uint32_t *)(p) + 1)->val)) << 0)); 222} 223#else 224/* 225 * This architecture doesn't natively support unaligned loads, and either 226 * this isn't a GCC-compatible compiler, we don't have __attribute__, 227 * or we do but we don't know of any better way with this instruction 228 * set to do unaligned loads, so do unaligned loads of big-endian 229 * quantities the hard way - fetch the bytes one at a time and 230 * assemble them. 231 * 232 * XXX - ARM is a special case. ARMv1 through ARMv5 didn't suppory 233 * unaligned loads; ARMv6 and later support it *but* have a bit in 234 * the system control register that the OS can set and that causes 235 * unaligned loads to fault rather than succeeding. 236 * 237 * At least some OSes may set that flag, so we do *not* treat ARM 238 * as supporting unaligned loads. If your OS supports them on ARM, 239 * and you want to use them, please update the tests in the #if above 240 * to check for ARM *and* for your OS. 241 */ 242#define EXTRACT_BE_U_2(p) \ 243 ((uint16_t)(((uint16_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) << 8) | \ 244 ((uint16_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 1)) << 0))) 245#define EXTRACT_BE_S_2(p) \ 246 ((int16_t)(((uint16_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) << 8) | \ 247 ((uint16_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 1)) << 0))) 248#define EXTRACT_BE_U_4(p) \ 249 ((uint32_t)(((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) << 24) | \ 250 ((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 1)) << 16) | \ 251 ((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 2)) << 8) | \ 252 ((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 3)) << 0))) 253#define EXTRACT_BE_S_4(p) \ 254 ((int32_t)(((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) << 24) | \ 255 ((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 1)) << 16) | \ 256 ((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 2)) << 8) | \ 257 ((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 3)) << 0))) 258#define EXTRACT_BE_U_8(p) \ 259 ((uint64_t)(((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) << 56) | \ 260 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 1)) << 48) | \ 261 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 2)) << 40) | \ 262 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 3)) << 32) | \ 263 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 4)) << 24) | \ 264 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 5)) << 16) | \ 265 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 6)) << 8) | \ 266 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 7)) << 0))) 267#define EXTRACT_BE_S_8(p) \ 268 ((int64_t)(((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) << 56) | \ 269 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 1)) << 48) | \ 270 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 2)) << 40) | \ 271 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 3)) << 32) | \ 272 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 4)) << 24) | \ 273 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 5)) << 16) | \ 274 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 6)) << 8) | \ 275 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 7)) << 0))) 276 277/* 278 * Extract an IPv4 address, which is in network byte order, and not 279 * necessarily aligned, and provide the result in host byte order. 280 */ 281#define EXTRACT_IPV4_TO_HOST_ORDER(p) \ 282 ((uint32_t)(((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) << 24) | \ 283 ((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 1)) << 16) | \ 284 ((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 2)) << 8) | \ 285 ((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 3)) << 0))) 286#endif /* unaligned access checks */ 287 288/* 289 * Non-power-of-2 sizes. 290 */ 291#define EXTRACT_BE_U_3(p) \ 292 ((uint32_t)(((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) << 16) | \ 293 ((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 1)) << 8) | \ 294 ((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 2)) << 0))) 295 296#define EXTRACT_BE_S_3(p) \ 297 (((*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) & 0x80) ? \ 298 ((int32_t)(((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) << 16) | \ 299 ((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 1)) << 8) | \ 300 ((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 2)) << 0))) : \ 301 ((int32_t)(0xFF000000U | \ 302 ((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) << 16) | \ 303 ((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 1)) << 8) | \ 304 ((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 2)) << 0)))) 305 306#define EXTRACT_BE_U_5(p) \ 307 ((uint64_t)(((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) << 32) | \ 308 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 1)) << 24) | \ 309 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 2)) << 16) | \ 310 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 3)) << 8) | \ 311 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 4)) << 0))) 312 313#define EXTRACT_BE_S_5(p) \ 314 (((*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) & 0x80) ? \ 315 ((int64_t)(((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) << 32) | \ 316 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 1)) << 24) | \ 317 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 2)) << 16) | \ 318 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 3)) << 8) | \ 319 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 4)) << 0))) : \ 320 ((int64_t)(INT64_T_CONSTANT(0xFFFFFF0000000000U) | \ 321 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) << 32) | \ 322 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 1)) << 24) | \ 323 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 2)) << 16) | \ 324 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 3)) << 8) | \ 325 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 4)) << 0)))) 326 327#define EXTRACT_BE_U_6(p) \ 328 ((uint64_t)(((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) << 40) | \ 329 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 1)) << 32) | \ 330 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 2)) << 24) | \ 331 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 3)) << 16) | \ 332 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 4)) << 8) | \ 333 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 5)) << 0))) 334 335#define EXTRACT_BE_S_6(p) \ 336 (((*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) & 0x80) ? \ 337 ((int64_t)(((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) << 40) | \ 338 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 1)) << 32) | \ 339 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 2)) << 24) | \ 340 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 3)) << 16) | \ 341 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 4)) << 8) | \ 342 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 5)) << 0))) : \ 343 ((int64_t)(INT64_T_CONSTANT(0xFFFFFFFF00000000U) | \ 344 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) << 40) | \ 345 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 1)) << 32) | \ 346 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 2)) << 24) | \ 347 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 3)) << 16) | \ 348 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 4)) << 8) | \ 349 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 5)) << 0)))) 350 351#define EXTRACT_BE_U_7(p) \ 352 ((uint64_t)(((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) << 48) | \ 353 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 1)) << 40) | \ 354 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 2)) << 32) | \ 355 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 3)) << 24) | \ 356 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 4)) << 16) | \ 357 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 5)) << 8) | \ 358 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 6)) << 0))) 359 360#define EXTRACT_BE_S_7(p) \ 361 (((*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) & 0x80) ? \ 362 ((int64_t)(((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) << 48) | \ 363 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 1)) << 40) | \ 364 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 2)) << 32) | \ 365 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 3)) << 24) | \ 366 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 4)) << 16) | \ 367 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 5)) << 8) | \ 368 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 6)) << 0))) : \ 369 ((int64_t)(INT64_T_CONSTANT(0xFFFFFFFFFF000000U) | \ 370 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) << 48) | \ 371 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 1)) << 40) | \ 372 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 2)) << 32) | \ 373 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 3)) << 24) | \ 374 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 4)) << 16) | \ 375 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 5)) << 8) | \ 376 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 6)) << 0)))) 377 378/* 379 * Macros to extract possibly-unaligned little-endian integral values. 380 * XXX - do loads on little-endian machines that support unaligned loads? 381 */ 382#define EXTRACT_LE_U_2(p) \ 383 ((uint16_t)(((uint16_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 1)) << 8) | \ 384 ((uint16_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) << 0))) 385#define EXTRACT_LE_S_2(p) \ 386 ((int16_t)(((uint16_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 1)) << 8) | \ 387 ((uint16_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) << 0))) 388#define EXTRACT_LE_U_4(p) \ 389 ((uint32_t)(((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 3)) << 24) | \ 390 ((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 2)) << 16) | \ 391 ((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 1)) << 8) | \ 392 ((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) << 0))) 393#define EXTRACT_LE_S_4(p) \ 394 ((int32_t)(((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 3)) << 24) | \ 395 ((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 2)) << 16) | \ 396 ((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 1)) << 8) | \ 397 ((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) << 0))) 398#define EXTRACT_LE_U_3(p) \ 399 ((uint32_t)(((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 2)) << 16) | \ 400 ((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 1)) << 8) | \ 401 ((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) << 0))) 402#define EXTRACT_LE_S_3(p) \ 403 ((int32_t)(((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 2)) << 16) | \ 404 ((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 1)) << 8) | \ 405 ((uint32_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) << 0))) 406#define EXTRACT_LE_U_8(p) \ 407 ((uint64_t)(((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 7)) << 56) | \ 408 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 6)) << 48) | \ 409 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 5)) << 40) | \ 410 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 4)) << 32) | \ 411 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 3)) << 24) | \ 412 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 2)) << 16) | \ 413 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 1)) << 8) | \ 414 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) << 0))) 415#define EXTRACT_LE_S_8(p) \ 416 ((int64_t)(((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 7)) << 56) | \ 417 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 6)) << 48) | \ 418 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 5)) << 40) | \ 419 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 4)) << 32) | \ 420 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 3)) << 24) | \ 421 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 2)) << 16) | \ 422 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 1)) << 8) | \ 423 ((uint64_t)(*((const uint8_t *)(p) + 0)) << 0))) 424