UPDATING revision 247422
1Updating Information for FreeBSD current users 2 3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>. 4See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the 5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you 6basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD 7handbook: 8 9 http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html 10 11Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in 12/usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before running portupgrade. 13 14NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 10.x IS SLOW: 15 FreeBSD 10.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel 16 and userland. These features attempt to detect incorrect use of 17 system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity 18 checking and fail stop semantics. They also substantially impact 19 system performance. If you want to do performance measurement, 20 benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off. This 21 includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc 22 debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the 23 kernel. Many developers choose to disable these features on build 24 machines to maximize performance. (To completely disable malloc 25 debugging, define MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/make.conf, or to merely 26 disable the most expensive debugging functionality run 27 "ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".) 28 2920130208: 30 A new compression method (lz4) has been merged to -HEAD. Please 31 refer to zpool-features(7) for more information. 32 33 Please refer to the "ZFS notes" section of this file for information 34 on upgrading boot ZFS pools. 35 3620130129: 37 A BSD-licensed patch(1) variant has been added and is installed 38 as bsdpatch, being the GNU version the default patch. 39 To inverse the logic and use the BSD-licensed one as default, 40 while having the GNU version installed as gnupatch, rebuild 41 and install world with the WITH_BSD_PATCH knob set. 42 4320130118: 44 The install(1) option -M has changed meaning and now takes an 45 argument that is a file or path to append logs to. In the 46 unlikely event that -M was the last option on the command line 47 and the command line contained at least two files and a target 48 directory the first file will have logs appended to it. The -M 49 option served little practical purpose in the last decade so it's 50 used expected to be extremely rare. 51 5220121223: 53 After switching to Clang as the default compiler some users of ZFS 54 on i386 systems started to experience stack overflow kernel panics. 55 Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=4' in such configurations. 56 5720121222: 58 GEOM_LABEL now mangles label names read from file system metadata. 59 Mangling affect labels containing spaces, non-printable characters, 60 '%' or '"'. Device names in /etc/fstab and other places may need to 61 be updated. 62 6320121217: 64 By default, only the 10 most recent kernel dumps will be saved. To 65 restore the previous behaviour (no limit on the number of kernel dumps 66 stored in the dump directory) add the following line to /etc/rc.conf: 67 68 savecore_flags="" 69 7020121201: 71 With the addition of auditdistd(8), a new auditdistd user is now 72 depended on during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add 73 the user prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook. 74 7520121117: 76 The sin6_scope_id member variable in struct sockaddr_in6 is now 77 filled by the kernel before passing the structure to the userland via 78 sysctl or routing socket. This means the KAME-specific embedded scope 79 id in sin6_addr.s6_addr[2] is always cleared in userland application. 80 This behavior can be controlled by net.inet6.ip6.deembed_scopeid. 81 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1000025. 82 8320121105: 84 On i386 and amd64 systems WITH_CLANG_IS_CC is now the default. 85 This means that the world and kernel will be compiled with clang 86 and that clang will be installed as /usr/bin/cc, /usr/bin/c++, 87 and /usr/bin/cpp. To disable this behavior and revert to building 88 with gcc, compile with WITHOUT_CLANG_IS_CC. 89 9020121102: 91 The IPFIREWALL_FORWARD kernel option has been removed. Its 92 functionality now turned on by default. 93 9420121023: 95 The ZERO_COPY_SOCKET kernel option has been removed and 96 split into SOCKET_SEND_COW and SOCKET_RECV_PFLIP. 97 NB: SOCKET_SEND_COW uses the VM page based copy-on-write 98 mechanism which is not safe and may result in kernel crashes. 99 NB: The SOCKET_RECV_PFLIP mechanism is useless as no current 100 driver supports disposeable external page sized mbuf storage. 101 Proper replacements for both zero-copy mechanisms are under 102 consideration and will eventually lead to complete removal 103 of the two kernel options. 104 10520121023: 106 The IPv4 network stack has been converted to network byte 107 order. The following modules need to be recompiled together 108 with kernel: carp(4), divert(4), gif(4), siftr(4), gre(4), 109 pf(4), ipfw(4), ng_ipfw(4), stf(4). 110 11120121022: 112 Support for non-MPSAFE filesystems was removed from VFS. The 113 VFS_VERSION was bumped, all filesystem modules shall be 114 recompiled. 115 11620121018: 117 All the non-MPSAFE filesystems have been disconnected from 118 the build. The full list includes: codafs, hpfs, ntfs, nwfs, 119 portalfs, smbfs, xfs. 120 12120121016: 122 The interface cloning API and ABI has changed. The following 123 modules need to be recompiled together with kernel: 124 ipfw(4), pfsync(4), pflog(4), usb(4), wlan(4), stf(4), 125 vlan(4), disc(4), edsc(4), if_bridge(4), gif(4), tap(4), 126 faith(4), epair(4), enc(4), tun(4), if_lagg(4), gre(4). 127 12820121015: 129 The sdhci driver was split in two parts: sdhci (generic SD Host 130 Controller logic) and sdhci_pci (actual hardware driver). 131 No kernel config modifications are required, but if you 132 load sdhc as a module you must switch to sdhci_pci instead. 133 13420121014: 135 Import the FUSE kernel and userland support into base system. 136 13720121013: 138 The GNU sort(1) program has been removed since the BSD-licensed 139 sort(1) has been the default for quite some time and no serious 140 problems have been reported. The corresponding WITH_GNU_SORT 141 knob has also gone. 142 14320121006: 144 The pfil(9) API/ABI for AF_INET family has been changed. Packet 145 filtering modules: pf(4), ipfw(4), ipfilter(4) need to be recompiled 146 with new kernel. 147 14820121001: 149 The net80211(4) ABI has been changed to allow for improved driver 150 PS-POLL and power-save support. All wireless drivers need to be 151 recompiled to work with the new kernel. 152 15320120913: 154 The random(4) support for the VIA hardware random number 155 generator (`PADLOCK') is no longer enabled unconditionally. 156 Add the PADLOCK_RNG option in the custom kernel config if 157 needed. The GENERIC kernels on i386 and amd64 do include the 158 option, so the change only affects the custom kernel 159 configurations. 160 16120120908: 162 The pf(4) packet filter ABI has been changed. pfctl(8) and 163 snmp_pf module need to be recompiled to work with new kernel. 164 16520120828: 166 A new ZFS feature flag "com.delphix:empty_bpobj" has been merged 167 to -HEAD. Pools that have empty_bpobj in active state can not be 168 imported read-write with ZFS implementations that do not support 169 this feature. For more information read the zpool-features(5) 170 manual page. 171 17220120727: 173 The sparc64 ZFS loader has been changed to no longer try to auto- 174 detect ZFS providers based on diskN aliases but now requires these 175 to be explicitly listed in the OFW boot-device environment variable. 176 17720120712: 178 The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.1c. Any binaries requiring 179 libcrypto.so.6 or libssl.so.6 must be recompiled. Also, there are 180 configuration changes. Make sure to merge /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf. 181 18220120712: 183 The following sysctls and tunables have been renamed for consistency 184 with other variables: 185 kern.cam.da.da_send_ordered -> kern.cam.da.send_ordered 186 kern.cam.ada.ada_send_ordered -> kern.cam.ada.send_ordered 187 18820120628: 189 The sort utility has been replaced with BSD sort. For now, GNU sort 190 is also available as "gnusort" or the default can be set back to 191 GNU sort by setting WITH_GNU_SORT. In this case, BSD sort will be 192 installed as "bsdsort". 193 19420120611: 195 A new version of ZFS (pool version 5000) has been merged to -HEAD. 196 Starting with this version the old system of ZFS pool versioning 197 is superseded by "feature flags". This concept enables forward 198 compatibility against certain future changes in functionality of ZFS 199 pools. The first read-only compatible "feature flag" for ZFS pools 200 is named "com.delphix:async_destroy". For more information 201 read the new zpool-features(5) manual page. 202 Please refer to the "ZFS notes" section of this file for information 203 on upgrading boot ZFS pools. 204 20520120417: 206 The malloc(3) implementation embedded in libc now uses sources imported 207 as contrib/jemalloc. The most disruptive API change is to 208 /etc/malloc.conf. If your system has an old-style /etc/malloc.conf, 209 delete it prior to installworld, and optionally re-create it using the 210 new format after rebooting. See malloc.conf(5) for details 211 (specifically the TUNING section and the "opt.*" entries in the MALLCTL 212 NAMESPACE section). 213 21420120328: 215 Big-endian MIPS TARGET_ARCH values no longer end in "eb". mips64eb 216 is now spelled mips64. mipsn32eb is now spelled mipsn32. mipseb is 217 now spelled mips. This is to aid compatibility with third-party 218 software that expects this naming scheme in uname(3). Little-endian 219 settings are unchanged. 220 22120120306: 222 Disable by default the option VFS_ALLOW_NONMPSAFE for all supported 223 platforms. 224 22520120229: 226 Now unix domain sockets behave "as expected" on nullfs(5). Previously 227 nullfs(5) did not pass through all behaviours to the underlying layer, 228 as a result if we bound to a socket on the lower layer we could connect 229 only to the lower path; if we bound to the upper layer we could connect 230 only to the upper path. The new behavior is one can connect to both the 231 lower and the upper paths regardless what layer path one binds to. 232 23320120211: 234 The getifaddrs upgrade path broken with 20111215 has been restored. 235 If you have upgraded in between 20111215 and 20120209 you need to 236 recompile libc again with your kernel. You still need to recompile 237 world to be able to configure CARP but this restriction already 238 comes from 20111215. 239 24020120114: 241 The set_rcvar() function has been removed from /etc/rc.subr. All 242 base and ports rc.d scripts have been updated, so if you have a 243 port installed with a script in /usr/local/etc/rc.d you can either 244 hand-edit the rcvar= line, or reinstall the port. 245 246 An easy way to handle the mass-update of /etc/rc.d: 247 rm /etc/rc.d/* && mergemaster -i 248 24920120109: 250 panic(9) now stops other CPUs in the SMP systems, disables interrupts 251 on the current CPU and prevents other threads from running. 252 This behavior can be reverted using the kern.stop_scheduler_on_panic 253 tunable/sysctl. 254 The new behavior can be incompatible with kern.sync_on_panic. 255 25620111215: 257 The carp(4) facility has been changed significantly. Configuration 258 of the CARP protocol via ifconfig(8) has changed, as well as format 259 of CARP events submitted to devd(8) has changed. See manual pages 260 for more information. The arpbalance feature of carp(4) is currently 261 not supported anymore. 262 263 Size of struct in_aliasreq, struct in6_aliasreq has changed. User 264 utilities using SIOCAIFADDR, SIOCAIFADDR_IN6, e.g. ifconfig(8), 265 need to be recompiled. 266 26720111122: 268 The acpi_wmi(4) status device /dev/wmistat has been renamed to 269 /dev/wmistat0. 270 27120111108: 272 The option VFS_ALLOW_NONMPSAFE option has been added in order to 273 explicitely support non-MPSAFE filesystems. 274 It is on by default for all supported platform at this present 275 time. 276 27720111101: 278 The broken amd(4) driver has been replaced with esp(4) in the amd64, 279 i386 and pc98 GENERIC kernel configuration files. 280 28120110930: 282 sysinstall has been removed 283 28420110923: 285 The stable/9 branch created in subversion. This corresponds to the 286 RELENG_9 branch in CVS. 287 28820110913: 289 This commit modifies vfs_register() so that it uses a hash 290 calculation to set vfc_typenum, which is enabled by default. 291 The first time a system is booted after this change, the 292 vfc_typenum values will change for all file systems. The 293 main effect of this is a change to the NFS server file handles 294 for file systems that use vfc_typenum in their fsid, such as ZFS. 295 It will, however, prevent vfc_typenum from changing when file 296 systems are loaded in a different order for subsequent reboots. 297 To disable this, you can set vfs.typenumhash=0 in /boot/loader.conf 298 until you are ready to remount all NFS clients after a reboot. 299 30020110828: 301 Bump the shared library version numbers for libraries that 302 do not use symbol versioning, have changed the ABI compared 303 to stable/8 and which shared library version was not bumped. 304 Done as part of 9.0-RELEASE cycle. 305 30620110815: 307 During the merge of Capsicum features, the fget(9) KPI was modified. 308 This may require the rebuilding of out-of-tree device drivers -- 309 issues have been reported specifically with the nVidia device driver. 310 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 900041. 311 312 Also, there is a period between 20110811 and 20110814 where the 313 special devices /dev/{stdin,stdout,stderr} did not work correctly. 314 Building world from a kernel during that window may not work. 315 31620110628: 317 The packet filter (pf) code has been updated to OpenBSD 4.5. 318 You need to update userland tools to be in sync with kernel. 319 This update breaks backward compatibility with earlier pfsync(4) 320 versions. Care must be taken when updating redundant firewall setups. 321 32220110608: 323 The following sysctls and tunables are retired on x86 platforms: 324 machdep.hlt_cpus 325 machdep.hlt_logical_cpus 326 The following sysctl is retired: 327 machdep.hyperthreading_allowed 328 The sysctls were supposed to provide a way to dynamically offline and 329 online selected CPUs on x86 platforms, but the implementation has not 330 been reliable especially with SCHED_ULE scheduler. 331 machdep.hyperthreading_allowed tunable is still available to ignore 332 hyperthreading CPUs at OS level. 333 Individual CPUs can be disabled using hint.lapic.X.disabled tunable, 334 where X is an APIC ID of a CPU. Be advised, though, that disabling 335 CPUs in non-uniform fashion will result in non-uniform topology and 336 may lead to sub-optimal system performance with SCHED_ULE, which is 337 a default scheduler. 338 33920110607: 340 cpumask_t type is retired and cpuset_t is used in order to describe 341 a mask of CPUs. 342 34320110531: 344 Changes to ifconfig(8) for dynamic address family detection mandate 345 that you are running a kernel of 20110525 or later. Make sure to 346 follow the update procedure to boot a new kernel before installing 347 world. 348 34920110513: 350 Support for sun4v architecture is officially dropped 351 35220110503: 353 Several KPI breaking changes have been committed to the mii(4) layer, 354 the PHY drivers and consequently some Ethernet drivers using mii(4). 355 This means that miibus.ko and the modules of the affected Ethernet 356 drivers need to be recompiled. 357 358 Note to kernel developers: Given that the OUI bit reversion problem 359 was fixed as part of these changes all mii(4) commits related to OUIs, 360 i.e. to sys/dev/mii/miidevs, PHY driver probing and vendor specific 361 handling, no longer can be merged verbatim to stable/8 and previous 362 branches. 363 36420110430: 365 Users of the Atheros AR71xx SoC code now need to add 'device ar71xx_pci' 366 into their kernel configurations along with 'device pci'. 367 36820110427: 369 The default NFS client is now the new NFS client, so fstype "newnfs" 370 is now "nfs" and the regular/old NFS client is now fstype "oldnfs". 371 Although mounts via fstype "nfs" will usually work without userland 372 changes, it is recommended that the mount(8) and mount_nfs(8) 373 commands be rebuilt from sources and that a link to mount_nfs called 374 mount_oldnfs be created. The new client is compiled into the 375 kernel with "options NFSCL" and this is needed for diskless root 376 file systems. The GENERIC kernel configs have been changed to use 377 NFSCL and NFSD (the new server) instead of NFSCLIENT and NFSSERVER. 378 To use the regular/old client, you can "mount -t oldnfs ...". For 379 a diskless root file system, you must also include a line like: 380 381 vfs.root.mountfrom="oldnfs:" 382 383 in the boot/loader.conf on the root fs on the NFS server to make 384 a diskless root fs use the old client. 385 38620110424: 387 The GENERIC kernels for all architectures now default to the new 388 CAM-based ATA stack. It means that all legacy ATA drivers were 389 removed and replaced by respective CAM drivers. If you are using 390 ATA device names in /etc/fstab or other places, make sure to update 391 them respectively (adX -> adaY, acdX -> cdY, afdX -> daY, astX -> saY, 392 where 'Y's are the sequential numbers starting from zero for each type 393 in order of detection, unless configured otherwise with tunables, 394 see cam(4)). There will be symbolic links created in /dev/ to map 395 old adX devices to the respective adaY. They should provide basic 396 compatibility for file systems mounting in most cases, but they do 397 not support old user-level APIs and do not have respective providers 398 in GEOM. Consider using updated management tools with new device names. 399 400 It is possible to load devices ahci, ata, siis and mvs as modules, 401 but option ATA_CAM should remain in kernel configuration to make ata 402 module work as CAM driver supporting legacy ATA controllers. Device ata 403 still can be used in modular fashion (atacore + ...). Modules atadisk 404 and atapi* are not used and won't affect operation in ATA_CAM mode. 405 Note that to use CAM-based ATA kernel should include CAM devices 406 scbus, pass, da (or explicitly ada), cd and optionally others. All of 407 them are parts of the cam module. 408 409 ataraid(4) functionality is now supported by the RAID GEOM class. 410 To use it you can load geom_raid kernel module and use graid(8) tool 411 for management. Instead of /dev/arX device names, use /dev/raid/rX. 412 413 No kernel config options or code have been removed, so if a problem 414 arises, please report it and optionally revert to the old ATA stack. 415 In order to do it you can remove from the kernel config: 416 options ATA_CAM 417 device ahci 418 device mvs 419 device siis 420 , and instead add back: 421 device atadisk # ATA disk drives 422 device ataraid # ATA RAID drives 423 device atapicd # ATAPI CDROM drives 424 device atapifd # ATAPI floppy drives 425 device atapist # ATAPI tape drives 426 42720110423: 428 The default NFS server has been changed to the new server, which 429 was referred to as the experimental server. If you need to switch 430 back to the old NFS server, you must now put the "-o" option on 431 both the mountd and nfsd commands. This can be done using the 432 mountd_flags and nfs_server_flags rc.conf variables until an 433 update to the rc scripts is committed, which is coming soon. 434 43520110418: 436 The GNU Objective-C runtime library (libobjc), and other Objective-C 437 related components have been removed from the base system. If you 438 require an Objective-C library, please use one of the available ports. 439 44020110331: 441 ath(4) has been split into bus- and device- modules. if_ath contains 442 the HAL, the TX rate control and the network device code. if_ath_pci 443 contains the PCI bus glue. For Atheros MIPS embedded systems, if_ath_ahb 444 contains the AHB glue. Users need to load both if_ath_pci and if_ath 445 in order to use ath on everything else. 446 447 TO REPEAT: if_ath_ahb is not needed for normal users. Normal users only 448 need to load if_ath and if_ath_pci for ath(4) operation. 449 45020110314: 451 As part of the replacement of sysinstall, the process of building 452 release media has changed significantly. For details, please re-read 453 release(7), which has been updated to reflect the new build process. 454 45520110218: 456 GNU binutils 2.17.50 (as of 2007-07-03) has been merged to -HEAD. This 457 is the last available version under GPLv2. It brings a number of new 458 features, such as support for newer x86 CPU's (with SSE-3, SSSE-3, SSE 459 4.1 and SSE 4.2), better support for powerpc64, a number of new 460 directives, and lots of other small improvements. See the ChangeLog 461 file in contrib/binutils for the full details. 462 46320110218: 464 IPsec's HMAC_SHA256-512 support has been fixed to be RFC4868 465 compliant, and will now use half of hash for authentication. 466 This will break interoperability with all stacks (including all 467 actual FreeBSD versions) who implement 468 draft-ietf-ipsec-ciph-sha-256-00 (they use 96 bits of hash for 469 authentication). 470 The only workaround with such peers is to use another HMAC 471 algorithm for IPsec ("phase 2") authentication. 472 47320110207: 474 Remove the uio_yield prototype and symbol. This function has 475 been misnamed since it was introduced and should not be 476 globally exposed with this name. The equivalent functionality 477 is now available using kern_yield(curthread->td_user_pri). 478 The function remains undocumented. 479 48020110112: 481 A SYSCTL_[ADD_]UQUAD was added for unsigned uint64_t pointers, 482 symmetric with the existing SYSCTL_[ADD_]QUAD. Type checking 483 for scalar sysctls is defined but disabled. Code that needs 484 UQUAD to pass the type checking that must compile on older 485 systems where the define is not present can check against 486 __FreeBSD_version >= 900030. 487 488 The system dialog(1) has been replaced with a new version previously 489 in ports as devel/cdialog. dialog(1) is mostly command-line compatible 490 with the previous version, but the libdialog associated with it has 491 a largely incompatible API. As such, the original version of libdialog 492 will be kept temporarily as libodialog, until its base system consumers 493 are replaced or updated. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900030. 494 49520110103: 496 If you are trying to run make universe on a -stable system, and you get 497 the following warning: 498 "Makefile", line 356: "Target architecture for i386/conf/GENERIC 499 unknown. config(8) likely too old." 500 or something similar to it, then you must upgrade your -stable system 501 to 8.2-Release or newer (really, any time after r210146 7/15/2010 in 502 stable/8) or build the config from the latest stable/8 branch and 503 install it on your system. 504 505 Prior to this date, building a current universe on 8-stable system from 506 between 7/15/2010 and 1/2/2011 would result in a weird shell parsing 507 error in the first kernel build phase. A new config on those old 508 systems will fix that problem for older versions of -current. 509 51020101228: 511 The TCP stack has been modified to allow Khelp modules to interact with 512 it via helper hook points and store per-connection data in the TCP 513 control block. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900029. User space tools that 514 rely on the size of struct tcpcb in tcp_var.h (e.g. sockstat) need to 515 be recompiled. 516 51720101114: 518 Generic IEEE 802.3 annex 31B full duplex flow control support has been 519 added to mii(4) and bge(4), bce(4), msk(4), nfe(4) and stge(4) along 520 with brgphy(4), e1000phy(4) as well as ip1000phy() have been converted 521 to take advantage of it instead of using custom implementations. This 522 means that these drivers now no longer unconditionally advertise 523 support for flow control but only do so if flow control is a selected 524 media option. This was implemented in the generic support that way in 525 order to allow flow control to be switched on and off via ifconfig(8) 526 with the PHY specific default to typically off in order to protect 527 from unwanted effects. Consequently, if you used flow control with 528 one of the above mentioned drivers you now need to explicitly enable 529 it, for example via: 530 ifconfig bge0 media auto mediaopt flowcontrol 531 532 Along with the above mentioned changes generic support for setting 533 1000baseT master mode also has been added and brgphy(4), ciphy(4), 534 e1000phy(4) as well as ip1000phy(4) have been converted to take 535 advantage of it. This means that these drivers now no longer take the 536 link0 parameter for selecting master mode but the master media option 537 has to be used instead, for example like in the following: 538 ifconfig bge0 media 1000baseT mediaopt full-duplex,master 539 540 Selection of master mode now is also available with all other PHY 541 drivers supporting 1000baseT. 542 54320101111: 544 The TCP stack has received a significant update to add support for 545 modularised congestion control and generally improve the clarity of 546 congestion control decisions. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900025. User 547 space tools that rely on the size of struct tcpcb in tcp_var.h (e.g. 548 sockstat) need to be recompiled. 549 55020101002: 551 The man(1) utility has been replaced by a new version that no longer 552 uses /etc/manpath.config. Please consult man.conf(5) for how to 553 migrate local entries to the new format. 554 55520100928: 556 The copyright strings printed by login(1) and sshd(8) at the time of a 557 new connection have been removed to follow other operating systems and 558 upstream sshd. 559 56020100915: 561 A workaround for a fixed ld bug has been removed in kernel code, 562 so make sure that your system ld is built from sources after 563 revision 210245 from 2010-07-19 (r211583 if building head kernel 564 on stable/8, r211584 for stable/7; both from 2010-08-21). 565 A symptom of incorrect ld version is different addresses for 566 set_pcpu section and __start_set_pcpu symbol in kernel and/or modules. 567 56820100913: 569 The $ipv6_prefer variable in rc.conf(5) has been split into 570 $ip6addrctl_policy and $ipv6_activate_all_interfaces. 571 572 The $ip6addrctl_policy is a variable to choose a pre-defined 573 address selection policy set by ip6addrctl(8). A value 574 "ipv4_prefer", "ipv6_prefer" or "AUTO" can be specified. The 575 default is "AUTO". 576 577 The $ipv6_activate_all_interfaces specifies whether IFDISABLED 578 flag (see an entry of 20090926) is set on an interface with no 579 corresponding $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 line. The default is "NO" for 580 security reason. If you want IPv6 link-local address on all 581 interfaces by default, set this to "YES". 582 583 The old ipv6_prefer="YES" is equivalent to 584 ipv6_activate_all_interfaces="YES" and 585 ip6addrctl_policy="ipv6_prefer". 586 58720100913: 588 DTrace has grown support for userland tracing. Due to this, DTrace is 589 now i386 and amd64 only. 590 dtruss(1) is now installed by default on those systems and a new 591 kernel module is needed for userland tracing: fasttrap. 592 No changes to your kernel config file are necessary to enable 593 userland tracing, but you might consider adding 'STRIP=' and 594 'CFLAGS+=-fno-omit-frame-pointer' to your make.conf if you want 595 to have informative userland stack traces in DTrace (ustack). 596 59720100725: 598 The acpi_aiboost(4) driver has been removed in favor of the new 599 aibs(4) driver. You should update your kernel configuration file. 600 60120100722: 602 BSD grep has been imported to the base system and it is built by 603 default. It is completely BSD licensed, highly GNU-compatible, uses 604 less memory than its GNU counterpart and has a small codebase. 605 However, it is slower than its GNU counterpart, which is mostly 606 noticeable for larger searches, for smaller ones it is measurable 607 but not significant. The reason is complex, the most important factor 608 is that we lack a modern and efficient regex library and GNU 609 overcomes this by optimizing the searches internally. Future work 610 on improving the regex performance is planned, for the meantime, 611 users that need better performance, can build GNU grep instead by 612 setting the WITH_GNU_GREP knob. 613 61420100713: 615 Due to the import of powerpc64 support, all existing powerpc kernel 616 configuration files must be updated with a machine directive like this: 617 machine powerpc powerpc 618 619 In addition, an updated config(8) is required to build powerpc kernels 620 after this change. 621 62220100713: 623 A new version of ZFS (version 15) has been merged to -HEAD. 624 This version uses a python library for the following subcommands: 625 zfs allow, zfs unallow, zfs groupspace, zfs userspace. 626 For full functionality of these commands the following port must 627 be installed: sysutils/py-zfs 628 62920100429: 630 'vm_page's are now hashed by physical address to an array of mutexes. 631 Currently this is only used to serialize access to hold_count. Over 632 time the page queue mutex will be peeled away. This changes the size 633 of pmap on every architecture. And requires all callers of vm_page_hold 634 and vm_page_unhold to be updated. 635 63620100402: 637 WITH_CTF can now be specified in src.conf (not recommended, there 638 are some problems with static executables), make.conf (would also 639 affect ports which do not use GNU make and do not override the 640 compile targets) or in the kernel config (via "makeoptions 641 WITH_CTF=yes"). 642 When WITH_CTF was specified there before this was silently ignored, 643 so make sure that WITH_CTF is not used in places which could lead 644 to unwanted behavior. 645 64620100311: 647 The kernel option COMPAT_IA32 has been replaced with COMPAT_FREEBSD32 648 to allow 32-bit compatibility on non-x86 platforms. All kernel 649 configurations on amd64 and ia64 platforms using these options must 650 be modified accordingly. 651 65220100113: 653 The utmp user accounting database has been replaced with utmpx, 654 the user accounting interface standardized by POSIX. 655 Unfortunately the semantics of utmp and utmpx don't match, 656 making it practically impossible to support both interfaces. 657 The user accounting database is used by tools like finger(1), 658 last(1), talk(1), w(1) and ac(8). 659 660 All applications in the base system use utmpx. This means only 661 local binaries (e.g. from the ports tree) may still use these 662 utmp database files. These applications must be rebuilt to make 663 use of utmpx. 664 665 After the system has been upgraded, it is safe to remove the old 666 log files (/var/run/utmp, /var/log/lastlog and /var/log/wtmp*), 667 assuming their contents is of no importance anymore. Old wtmp 668 databases can only be used by last(1) and ac(8) after they have 669 been converted to the new format using wtmpcvt(1). 670 67120100108: 672 Introduce the kernel thread "deadlock resolver" (which can be enabled 673 via the DEADLKRES option, see NOTES for more details) and the 674 sleepq_type() function for sleepqueues. 675 67620091202: 677 The rc.firewall and rc.firewall6 were unified, and 678 rc.firewall6 and rc.d/ip6fw were removed. 679 According to the removal of rc.d/ip6fw, ipv6_firewall_* rc 680 variables are obsoleted. Instead, the following new rc 681 variables are added to rc.d/ipfw: 682 683 firewall_client_net_ipv6, firewall_simple_iif_ipv6, 684 firewall_simple_inet_ipv6, firewall_simple_oif_ipv6, 685 firewall_simple_onet_ipv6, firewall_trusted_ipv6 686 687 The meanings correspond to the relevant IPv4 variables. 688 68920091125: 690 8.0-RELEASE. 691 69220091113: 693 The default terminal emulation for syscons(4) has been changed 694 from cons25 to xterm on all platforms except pc98. This means 695 that the /etc/ttys file needs to be updated to ensure correct 696 operation of applications on the console. 697 698 The terminal emulation style can be toggled per window by using 699 vidcontrol(1)'s -T flag. The TEKEN_CONS25 kernel configuration 700 options can be used to change the compile-time default back to 701 cons25. 702 703 To prevent graphical artifacts, make sure the TERM environment 704 variable is set to match the terminal emulation that is being 705 performed by syscons(4). 706 70720091109: 708 The layout of the structure ieee80211req_scan_result has changed. 709 Applications that require wireless scan results (e.g. ifconfig(8)) 710 from net80211 need to be recompiled. 711 712 Applications such as wpa_supplicant(8) may require a full world 713 build without using NO_CLEAN in order to get synchronized with the 714 new structure. 715 71620091025: 717 The iwn(4) driver has been updated to support the 5000 and 5150 series. 718 There's one kernel module for each firmware. Adding "device iwnfw" 719 to the kernel configuration file means including all three firmware 720 images inside the kernel. If you want to include just the one for 721 your wireless card, use the devices iwn4965fw, iwn5000fw or 722 iwn5150fw. 723 72420090926: 725 The rc.d/network_ipv6, IPv6 configuration script has been integrated 726 into rc.d/netif. The changes are the following: 727 728 1. To use IPv6, simply define $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 like $ifconfig_IF 729 for IPv4. For aliases, $ifconfig_IF_aliasN should be used. 730 Note that both variables need the "inet6" keyword at the head. 731 732 Do not set $ipv6_network_interfaces manually if you do not 733 understand what you are doing. It is not needed in most cases. 734 735 $ipv6_ifconfig_IF and $ipv6_ifconfig_IF_aliasN still work, but 736 they are obsolete. 737 738 2. $ipv6_enable is obsolete. Use $ipv6_prefer and 739 "inet6 accept_rtadv" keyword in ifconfig(8) instead. 740 741 If you define $ipv6_enable=YES, it means $ipv6_prefer=YES and 742 all configured interfaces have "inet6 accept_rtadv" in the 743 $ifconfig_IF_ipv6. These are for backward compatibility. 744 745 3. A new variable $ipv6_prefer has been added. If NO, IPv6 746 functionality of interfaces with no corresponding 747 $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 is disabled by using "inet6 ifdisabled" flag, 748 and the default address selection policy of ip6addrctl(8) 749 is the IPv4-preferred one (see rc.d/ip6addrctl for more details). 750 Note that if you want to configure IPv6 functionality on the 751 disabled interfaces after boot, first you need to clear the flag by 752 using ifconfig(8) like: 753 754 ifconfig em0 inet6 -ifdisabled 755 756 If YES, the default address selection policy is set as 757 IPv6-preferred. 758 759 The default value of $ipv6_prefer is NO. 760 761 4. If your system need to receive Router Advertisement messages, 762 define "inet6 accept_rtadv" in $ifconfig_IF_ipv6. The rc(8) 763 scripts automatically invoke rtsol(8) when the interface becomes 764 UP. The Router Advertisement messages are used for SLAAC 765 (State-Less Address AutoConfiguration). 766 76720090922: 768 802.11s D3.03 support was committed. This is incompatible with the 769 previous code, which was based on D3.0. 770 77120090912: 772 A sysctl variable net.inet6.ip6.accept_rtadv now sets the default value 773 of a per-interface flag ND6_IFF_ACCEPT_RTADV, not a global knob to 774 control whether accepting Router Advertisement messages or not. 775 Also, a per-interface flag ND6_IFF_AUTO_LINKLOCAL has been added and 776 a sysctl variable net.inet6.ip6.auto_linklocal is its default value. 777 The ifconfig(8) utility now supports these flags. 778 77920090910: 780 ZFS snapshots are now mounted with MNT_IGNORE flag. Use -v option for 781 mount(8) and -a option for df(1) to see them. 782 78320090825: 784 The old tunable hw.bus.devctl_disable has been superseded by 785 hw.bus.devctl_queue. hw.bus.devctl_disable=1 in loader.conf should be 786 replaced by hw.bus.devctl_queue=0. The default for this new tunable 787 is 1000. 788 78920090813: 790 Remove the option STOP_NMI. The default action is now to use NMI only 791 for KDB via the newly introduced function stop_cpus_hard() and 792 maintain stop_cpus() to just use a normal IPI_STOP on ia32 and amd64. 793 79420090803: 795 The stable/8 branch created in subversion. This corresponds to the 796 RELENG_8 branch in CVS. 797 79820090719: 799 Bump the shared library version numbers for all libraries that do not 800 use symbol versioning as part of the 8.0-RELEASE cycle. Bump 801 __FreeBSD_version to 800105. 802 80320090714: 804 Due to changes in the implementation of virtual network stack support, 805 all network-related kernel modules must be recompiled. As this change 806 breaks the ABI, bump __FreeBSD_version to 800104. 807 80820090713: 809 The TOE interface to the TCP syncache has been modified to remove 810 struct tcpopt (<netinet/tcp_var.h>) from the ABI of the network stack. 811 The cxgb driver is the only TOE consumer affected by this change, and 812 needs to be recompiled along with the kernel. As this change breaks 813 the ABI, bump __FreeBSD_version to 800103. 814 81520090712: 816 Padding has been added to struct tcpcb, sackhint and tcpstat in 817 <netinet/tcp_var.h> to facilitate future MFCs and bug fixes whilst 818 maintaining the ABI. However, this change breaks the ABI, so bump 819 __FreeBSD_version to 800102. User space tools that rely on the size of 820 any of these structs (e.g. sockstat) need to be recompiled. 821 82220090630: 823 The NFS_LEGACYRPC option has been removed along with the old kernel 824 RPC implementation that this option selected. Kernel configurations 825 may need to be adjusted. 826 82720090629: 828 The network interface device nodes at /dev/net/<interface> have been 829 removed. All ioctl operations can be performed the normal way using 830 routing sockets. The kqueue functionality can generally be replaced 831 with routing sockets. 832 83320090628: 834 The documentation from the FreeBSD Documentation Project (Handbook, 835 FAQ, etc.) is now installed via packages by sysinstall(8) and under 836 the /usr/local/share/doc/freebsd directory instead of /usr/share/doc. 837 83820090624: 839 The ABI of various structures related to the SYSV IPC API have been 840 changed. As a result, the COMPAT_FREEBSD[456] and COMPAT_43 kernel 841 options now all require COMPAT_FREEBSD7. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 842 800100. 843 84420090622: 845 Layout of struct vnet has changed as routing related variables were 846 moved to their own Vimage module. Modules need to be recompiled. Bump 847 __FreeBSD_version to 800099. 848 84920090619: 850 NGROUPS_MAX and NGROUPS have been increased from 16 to 1023 and 1024 851 respectively. As long as no more than 16 groups per process are used, 852 no changes should be visible. When more than 16 groups are used, old 853 binaries may fail if they call getgroups() or getgrouplist() with 854 statically sized storage. Recompiling will work around this, but 855 applications should be modified to use dynamically allocated storage 856 for group arrays as POSIX.1-2008 does not cap an implementation's 857 number of supported groups at NGROUPS_MAX+1 as previous versions did. 858 859 NFS and portalfs mounts may also be affected as the list of groups is 860 truncated to 16. Users of NFS who use more than 16 groups, should 861 take care that negative group permissions are not used on the exported 862 file systems as they will not be reliable unless a GSSAPI based 863 authentication method is used. 864 86520090616: 866 The compiling option ADAPTIVE_LOCKMGRS has been introduced. This 867 option compiles in the support for adaptive spinning for lockmgrs 868 which want to enable it. The lockinit() function now accepts the flag 869 LK_ADAPTIVE in order to make the lock object subject to adaptive 870 spinning when both held in write and read mode. 871 87220090613: 873 The layout of the structure returned by IEEE80211_IOC_STA_INFO has 874 changed. User applications that use this ioctl need to be rebuilt. 875 87620090611: 877 The layout of struct thread has changed. Kernel and modules need to 878 be rebuilt. 879 88020090608: 881 The layout of structs ifnet, domain, protosw and vnet_net has changed. 882 Kernel modules need to be rebuilt. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800097. 883 88420090602: 885 window(1) has been removed from the base system. It can now be 886 installed from ports. The port is called misc/window. 887 88820090601: 889 The way we are storing and accessing `routing table' entries has 890 changed. Programs reading the FIB, like netstat, need to be 891 re-compiled. 892 89320090601: 894 A new netisr implementation has been added for FreeBSD 8. Network 895 file system modules, such as igmp, ipdivert, and others, should be 896 rebuilt. 897 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800096. 898 89920090530: 900 Remove the tunable/sysctl debug.mpsafevfs as its initial purpose is no 901 more valid. 902 90320090530: 904 Add VOP_ACCESSX(9). File system modules need to be rebuilt. 905 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800094. 906 90720090529: 908 Add mnt_xflag field to 'struct mount'. File system modules need to be 909 rebuilt. 910 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800093. 911 91220090528: 913 The compiling option ADAPTIVE_SX has been retired while it has been 914 introduced the option NO_ADAPTIVE_SX which handles the reversed logic. 915 The KPI for sx_init_flags() changes as accepting flags: 916 SX_ADAPTIVESPIN flag has been retired while the SX_NOADAPTIVE flag has 917 been introduced in order to handle the reversed logic. 918 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800092. 919 92020090527: 921 Add support for hierarchical jails. Remove global securelevel. 922 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800091. 923 92420090523: 925 The layout of struct vnet_net has changed, therefore modules 926 need to be rebuilt. 927 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800090. 928 92920090523: 930 The newly imported zic(8) produces a new format in the output. Please 931 run tzsetup(8) to install the newly created data to /etc/localtime. 932 93320090520: 934 The sysctl tree for the usb stack has renamed from hw.usb2.* to 935 hw.usb.* and is now consistent again with previous releases. 936 93720090520: 938 802.11 monitor mode support was revised and driver api's were changed. 939 Drivers dependent on net80211 now support DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO instead 940 of DLT_IEEE802_11. No user-visible data structures were changed but 941 applications that use DLT_IEEE802_11 may require changes. 942 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800088. 943 94420090430: 945 The layout of the following structs has changed: sysctl_oid, 946 socket, ifnet, inpcbinfo, tcpcb, syncache_head, vnet_inet, 947 vnet_inet6 and vnet_ipfw. Most modules need to be rebuild or 948 panics may be experienced. World rebuild is required for 949 correctly checking networking state from userland. 950 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800085. 951 95220090429: 953 MLDv2 and Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) have been merged 954 to the IPv6 stack. VIMAGE hooks are in but not yet used. 955 The implementation of SSM within FreeBSD's IPv6 stack closely 956 follows the IPv4 implementation. 957 958 For kernel developers: 959 960 * The most important changes are that the ip6_output() and 961 ip6_input() paths no longer take the IN6_MULTI_LOCK, 962 and this lock has been downgraded to a non-recursive mutex. 963 964 * As with the changes to the IPv4 stack to support SSM, filtering 965 of inbound multicast traffic must now be performed by transport 966 protocols within the IPv6 stack. This does not apply to TCP and 967 SCTP, however, it does apply to UDP in IPv6 and raw IPv6. 968 969 * The KPIs used by IPv6 multicast are similar to those used by 970 the IPv4 stack, with the following differences: 971 * im6o_mc_filter() is analogous to imo_multicast_filter(). 972 * The legacy KAME entry points in6_joingroup and in6_leavegroup() 973 are shimmed to in6_mc_join() and in6_mc_leave() respectively. 974 * IN6_LOOKUP_MULTI() has been deprecated and removed. 975 * IPv6 relies on MLD for the DAD mechanism. KAME's internal KPIs 976 for MLDv1 have an additional 'timer' argument which is used to 977 jitter the initial membership report for the solicited-node 978 multicast membership on-link. 979 * This is not strictly needed for MLDv2, which already jitters 980 its report transmissions. However, the 'timer' argument is 981 preserved in case MLDv1 is active on the interface. 982 983 * The KAME linked-list based IPv6 membership implementation has 984 been refactored to use a vector similar to that used by the IPv4 985 stack. 986 Code which maintains a list of its own multicast memberships 987 internally, e.g. carp, has been updated to reflect the new 988 semantics. 989 990 * There is a known Lock Order Reversal (LOR) due to in6_setscope() 991 acquiring the IF_AFDATA_LOCK and being called within ip6_output(). 992 Whilst MLDv2 tries to avoid this otherwise benign LOR, it is an 993 implementation constraint which needs to be addressed in HEAD. 994 995 For application developers: 996 997 * The changes are broadly similar to those made for the IPv4 998 stack. 999 1000 * The use of IPv4 and IPv6 multicast socket options on the same 1001 socket, using mapped addresses, HAS NOT been tested or supported. 1002 1003 * There are a number of issues with the implementation of various 1004 IPv6 multicast APIs which need to be resolved in the API surface 1005 before the implementation is fully compatible with KAME userland 1006 use, and these are mostly to do with interface index treatment. 1007 1008 * The literature available discusses the use of either the delta / ASM 1009 API with setsockopt(2)/getsockopt(2), or the full-state / ASM API 1010 using setsourcefilter(3)/getsourcefilter(3). For more information 1011 please refer to RFC 3768, 'Socket Interface Extensions for 1012 Multicast Source Filters'. 1013 1014 * Applications which use the published RFC 3678 APIs should be fine. 1015 1016 For systems administrators: 1017 1018 * The mtest(8) utility has been refactored to support IPv6, in 1019 addition to IPv4. Interface addresses are no longer accepted 1020 as arguments, their names must be used instead. The utility 1021 will map the interface name to its first IPv4 address as 1022 returned by getifaddrs(3). 1023 1024 * The ifmcstat(8) utility has also been updated to print the MLDv2 1025 endpoint state and source filter lists via sysctl(3). 1026 1027 * The net.inet6.ip6.mcast.loop sysctl may be tuned to 0 to disable 1028 loopback of IPv6 multicast datagrams by default; it defaults to 1 1029 to preserve the existing behaviour. Disabling multicast loopback is 1030 recommended for optimal system performance. 1031 1032 * The IPv6 MROUTING code has been changed to examine this sysctl 1033 instead of attempting to perform a group lookup before looping 1034 back forwarded datagrams. 1035 1036 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800084. 1037 103820090422: 1039 Implement low-level Bluetooth HCI API. 1040 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800083. 1041 104220090419: 1043 The layout of struct malloc_type, used by modules to register new 1044 memory allocation types, has changed. Most modules will need to 1045 be rebuilt or panics may be experienced. 1046 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800081. 1047 104820090415: 1049 Anticipate overflowing inp_flags - add inp_flags2. 1050 This changes most offsets in inpcb, so checking v4 connection 1051 state will require a world rebuild. 1052 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800080. 1053 105420090415: 1055 Add an llentry to struct route and struct route_in6. Modules 1056 embedding a struct route will need to be recompiled. 1057 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800079. 1058 105920090414: 1060 The size of rt_metrics_lite and by extension rtentry has changed. 1061 Networking administration apps will need to be recompiled. 1062 The route command now supports show as an alias for get, weighting 1063 of routes, sticky and nostick flags to alter the behavior of stateful 1064 load balancing. 1065 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800078. 1066 106720090408: 1068 Do not use Giant for kbdmux(4) locking. This is wrong and 1069 apparently causing more problems than it solves. This will 1070 re-open the issue where interrupt handlers may race with 1071 kbdmux(4) in polling mode. Typical symptoms include (but 1072 not limited to) duplicated and/or missing characters when 1073 low level console functions (such as gets) are used while 1074 interrupts are enabled (for example geli password prompt, 1075 mountroot prompt etc.). Disabling kbdmux(4) may help. 1076 107720090407: 1078 The size of structs vnet_net, vnet_inet and vnet_ipfw has changed; 1079 kernel modules referencing any of the above need to be recompiled. 1080 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800075. 1081 108220090320: 1083 GEOM_PART has become the default partition slicer for storage devices, 1084 replacing GEOM_MBR, GEOM_BSD, GEOM_PC98 and GEOM_GPT slicers. It 1085 introduces some changes: 1086 1087 MSDOS/EBR: the devices created from MSDOS extended partition entries 1088 (EBR) can be named differently than with GEOM_MBR and are now symlinks 1089 to devices with offset-based names. fstabs may need to be modified. 1090 1091 BSD: the "geometry does not match label" warning is harmless in most 1092 cases but it points to problems in file system misalignment with 1093 disk geometry. The "c" partition is now implicit, covers the whole 1094 top-level drive and cannot be (mis)used by users. 1095 1096 General: Kernel dumps are now not allowed to be written to devices 1097 whose partition types indicate they are meant to be used for file 1098 systems (or, in case of MSDOS partitions, as something else than 1099 the "386BSD" type). 1100 1101 Most of these changes date approximately from 200812. 1102 110320090319: 1104 The uscanner(4) driver has been removed from the kernel. This follows 1105 Linux removing theirs in 2.6 and making libusb the default interface 1106 (supported by sane). 1107 110820090319: 1109 The multicast forwarding code has been cleaned up. netstat(1) 1110 only relies on KVM now for printing bandwidth upcall meters. 1111 The IPv4 and IPv6 modules are split into ip_mroute_mod and 1112 ip6_mroute_mod respectively. The config(5) options for statically 1113 compiling this code remain the same, i.e. 'options MROUTING'. 1114 111520090315: 1116 Support for the IFF_NEEDSGIANT network interface flag has been 1117 removed, which means that non-MPSAFE network device drivers are no 1118 longer supported. In particular, if_ar, if_sr, and network device 1119 drivers from the old (legacy) USB stack can no longer be built or 1120 used. 1121 112220090313: 1123 POSIX.1 Native Language Support (NLS) has been enabled in libc and 1124 a bunch of new language catalog files have also been added. 1125 This means that some common libc messages are now localized and 1126 they depend on the LC_MESSAGES environmental variable. 1127 112820090313: 1129 The k8temp(4) driver has been renamed to amdtemp(4) since 1130 support for Family 10 and Family 11 CPU families was added. 1131 113220090309: 1133 IGMPv3 and Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) have been merged 1134 to the IPv4 stack. VIMAGE hooks are in but not yet used. 1135 1136 For kernel developers, the most important changes are that the 1137 ip_output() and ip_input() paths no longer take the IN_MULTI_LOCK(), 1138 and this lock has been downgraded to a non-recursive mutex. 1139 1140 Transport protocols (UDP, Raw IP) are now responsible for filtering 1141 inbound multicast traffic according to group membership and source 1142 filters. The imo_multicast_filter() KPI exists for this purpose. 1143 Transports which do not use multicast (SCTP, TCP) already reject 1144 multicast by default. Forwarding and receive performance may improve 1145 as a mutex acquisition is no longer needed in the ip_input() 1146 low-level input path. in_addmulti() and in_delmulti() are shimmed 1147 to new KPIs which exist to support SSM in-kernel. 1148 1149 For application developers, it is recommended that loopback of 1150 multicast datagrams be disabled for best performance, as this 1151 will still cause the lock to be taken for each looped-back 1152 datagram transmission. The net.inet.ip.mcast.loop sysctl may 1153 be tuned to 0 to disable loopback by default; it defaults to 1 1154 to preserve the existing behaviour. 1155 1156 For systems administrators, to obtain best performance with 1157 multicast reception and multiple groups, it is always recommended 1158 that a card with a suitably precise hash filter is used. Hash 1159 collisions will still result in the lock being taken within the 1160 transport protocol input path to check group membership. 1161 1162 If deploying FreeBSD in an environment with IGMP snooping switches, 1163 it is recommended that the net.inet.igmp.sendlocal sysctl remain 1164 enabled; this forces 224.0.0.0/24 group membership to be announced 1165 via IGMP. 1166 1167 The size of 'struct igmpstat' has changed; netstat needs to be 1168 recompiled to reflect this. 1169 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800070. 1170 117120090309: 1172 libusb20.so.1 is now installed as libusb.so.1 and the ports system 1173 updated to use it. This requires a buildworld/installworld in order to 1174 update the library and dependencies (usbconfig, etc). Its advisable to 1175 rebuild all ports which uses libusb. More specific directions are given 1176 in the ports collection UPDATING file. Any /etc/libmap.conf entries for 1177 libusb are no longer required and can be removed. 1178 117920090302: 1180 A workaround is committed to allow the creation of System V shared 1181 memory segment of size > 2 GB on the 64-bit architectures. 1182 Due to a limitation of the existing ABI, the shm_segsz member 1183 of the struct shmid_ds, returned by shmctl(IPC_STAT) call is 1184 wrong for large segments. Note that limits must be explicitly 1185 raised to allow such segments to be created. 1186 118720090301: 1188 The layout of struct ifnet has changed, requiring a rebuild of all 1189 network device driver modules. 1190 119120090227: 1192 The /dev handling for the new USB stack has changed, a 1193 buildworld/installworld is required for libusb20. 1194 119520090223: 1196 The new USB2 stack has now been permanently moved in and all kernel and 1197 module names reverted to their previous values (eg, usb, ehci, ohci, 1198 ums, ...). The old usb stack can be compiled in by prefixing the name 1199 with the letter 'o', the old usb modules have been removed. 1200 Updating entry 20090216 for xorg and 20090215 for libmap may still 1201 apply. 1202 120320090217: 1204 The rc.conf(5) option if_up_delay has been renamed to 1205 defaultroute_delay to better reflect its purpose. If you have 1206 customized this setting in /etc/rc.conf you need to update it to 1207 use the new name. 1208 120920090216: 1210 xorg 7.4 wants to configure its input devices via hald which does not 1211 yet work with USB2. If the keyboard/mouse does not work in xorg then 1212 add 1213 Option "AllowEmptyInput" "off" 1214 to your ServerLayout section. This will cause X to use the configured 1215 kbd and mouse sections from your xorg.conf. 1216 121720090215: 1218 The GENERIC kernels for all architectures now default to the new USB2 1219 stack. No kernel config options or code have been removed so if a 1220 problem arises please report it and optionally revert to the old USB 1221 stack. If you are loading USB kernel modules or have a custom kernel 1222 that includes GENERIC then ensure that usb names are also changed over, 1223 eg uftdi -> usb2_serial_ftdi. 1224 1225 Older programs linked against the ports libusb 0.1 need to be 1226 redirected to the new stack's libusb20. /etc/libmap.conf can 1227 be used for this: 1228 # Map old usb library to new one for usb2 stack 1229 libusb-0.1.so.8 libusb20.so.1 1230 123120090209: 1232 All USB ethernet devices now attach as interfaces under the name ueN 1233 (eg. ue0). This is to provide a predictable name as vendors often 1234 change usb chipsets in a product without notice. 1235 123620090203: 1237 The ichsmb(4) driver has been changed to require SMBus slave 1238 addresses be left-justified (xxxxxxx0b) rather than right-justified. 1239 All of the other SMBus controller drivers require left-justified 1240 slave addresses, so this change makes all the drivers provide the 1241 same interface. 1242 124320090201: 1244 INET6 statistics (struct ip6stat) was updated. 1245 netstat(1) needs to be recompiled. 1246 124720090119: 1248 NTFS has been removed from GENERIC kernel on amd64 to match 1249 GENERIC on i386. Should not cause any issues since mount_ntfs(8) 1250 will load ntfs.ko module automatically when NTFS support is 1251 actually needed, unless ntfs.ko is not installed or security 1252 level prohibits loading kernel modules. If either is the case, 1253 "options NTFS" has to be added into kernel config. 1254 125520090115: 1256 TCP Appropriate Byte Counting (RFC 3465) support added to kernel. 1257 New field in struct tcpcb breaks ABI, so bump __FreeBSD_version to 1258 800061. User space tools that rely on the size of struct tcpcb in 1259 tcp_var.h (e.g. sockstat) need to be recompiled. 1260 126120081225: 1262 ng_tty(4) module updated to match the new TTY subsystem. 1263 Due to API change, user-level applications must be updated. 1264 New API support added to mpd5 CVS and expected to be present 1265 in next mpd5.3 release. 1266 126720081219: 1268 With __FreeBSD_version 800060 the makefs tool is part of 1269 the base system (it was a port). 1270 127120081216: 1272 The afdata and ifnet locks have been changed from mutexes to 1273 rwlocks, network modules will need to be re-compiled. 1274 127520081214: 1276 __FreeBSD_version 800059 incorporates the new arp-v2 rewrite. 1277 RTF_CLONING, RTF_LLINFO and RTF_WASCLONED flags are eliminated. 1278 The new code reduced struct rtentry{} by 16 bytes on 32-bit 1279 architecture and 40 bytes on 64-bit architecture. The userland 1280 applications "arp" and "ndp" have been updated accordingly. 1281 The output from "netstat -r" shows only routing entries and 1282 none of the L2 information. 1283 128420081130: 1285 __FreeBSD_version 800057 marks the switchover from the 1286 binary ath hal to source code. Users must add the line: 1287 1288 options AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 1289 1290 to their kernel config files when specifying: 1291 1292 device ath_hal 1293 1294 The ath_hal module no longer exists; the code is now compiled 1295 together with the driver in the ath module. It is now 1296 possible to tailor chip support (i.e. reduce the set of chips 1297 and thereby the code size); consult ath_hal(4) for details. 1298 129920081121: 1300 __FreeBSD_version 800054 adds memory barriers to 1301 <machine/atomic.h>, new interfaces to ifnet to facilitate 1302 multiple hardware transmit queues for cards that support 1303 them, and a lock-less ring-buffer implementation to 1304 enable drivers to more efficiently manage queueing of 1305 packets. 1306 130720081117: 1308 A new version of ZFS (version 13) has been merged to -HEAD. 1309 This version has zpool attribute "listsnapshots" off by 1310 default, which means "zfs list" does not show snapshots, 1311 and is the same as Solaris behavior. 1312 131320081028: 1314 dummynet(4) ABI has changed. ipfw(8) needs to be recompiled. 1315 131620081009: 1317 The uhci, ohci, ehci and slhci USB Host controller drivers have 1318 been put into separate modules. If you load the usb module 1319 separately through loader.conf you will need to load the 1320 appropriate *hci module as well. E.g. for a UHCI-based USB 2.0 1321 controller add the following to loader.conf: 1322 1323 uhci_load="YES" 1324 ehci_load="YES" 1325 132620081009: 1327 The ABI used by the PMC toolset has changed. Please keep 1328 userland (libpmc(3)) and the kernel module (hwpmc(4)) in 1329 sync. 1330 133120081009: 1332 atapci kernel module now includes only generic PCI ATA 1333 driver. AHCI driver moved to ataahci kernel module. 1334 All vendor-specific code moved into separate kernel modules: 1335 ataacard, ataacerlabs, ataadaptec, ataamd, ataati, atacenatek, 1336 atacypress, atacyrix, atahighpoint, ataintel, ataite, atajmicron, 1337 atamarvell, atamicron, atanational, atanetcell, atanvidia, 1338 atapromise, ataserverworks, atasiliconimage, atasis, atavia 1339 134020080820: 1341 The TTY subsystem of the kernel has been replaced by a new 1342 implementation, which provides better scalability and an 1343 improved driver model. Most common drivers have been migrated to 1344 the new TTY subsystem, while others have not. The following 1345 drivers have not yet been ported to the new TTY layer: 1346 1347 PCI/ISA: 1348 cy, digi, rc, rp, sio 1349 1350 USB: 1351 ubser, ucycom 1352 1353 Line disciplines: 1354 ng_h4, ng_tty, ppp, sl, snp 1355 1356 Adding these drivers to your kernel configuration file shall 1357 cause compilation to fail. 1358 135920080818: 1360 ntpd has been upgraded to 4.2.4p5. 1361 136220080801: 1363 OpenSSH has been upgraded to 5.1p1. 1364 1365 For many years, FreeBSD's version of OpenSSH preferred DSA 1366 over RSA for host and user authentication keys. With this 1367 upgrade, we've switched to the vendor's default of RSA over 1368 DSA. This may cause upgraded clients to warn about unknown 1369 host keys even for previously known hosts. Users should 1370 follow the usual procedure for verifying host keys before 1371 accepting the RSA key. 1372 1373 This can be circumvented by setting the "HostKeyAlgorithms" 1374 option to "ssh-dss,ssh-rsa" in ~/.ssh/config or on the ssh 1375 command line. 1376 1377 Please note that the sequence of keys offered for 1378 authentication has been changed as well. You may want to 1379 specify IdentityFile in a different order to revert this 1380 behavior. 1381 138220080713: 1383 The sio(4) driver has been removed from the i386 and amd64 1384 kernel configuration files. This means uart(4) is now the 1385 default serial port driver on those platforms as well. 1386 1387 To prevent collisions with the sio(4) driver, the uart(4) driver 1388 uses different names for its device nodes. This means the 1389 onboard serial port will now most likely be called "ttyu0" 1390 instead of "ttyd0". You may need to reconfigure applications to 1391 use the new device names. 1392 1393 When using the serial port as a boot console, be sure to update 1394 /boot/device.hints and /etc/ttys before booting the new kernel. 1395 If you forget to do so, you can still manually specify the hints 1396 at the loader prompt: 1397 1398 set hint.uart.0.at="isa" 1399 set hint.uart.0.port="0x3F8" 1400 set hint.uart.0.flags="0x10" 1401 set hint.uart.0.irq="4" 1402 boot -s 1403 140420080609: 1405 The gpt(8) utility has been removed. Use gpart(8) to partition 1406 disks instead. 1407 140820080603: 1409 The version that Linuxulator emulates was changed from 2.4.2 1410 to 2.6.16. If you experience any problems with Linux binaries 1411 please try to set sysctl compat.linux.osrelease to 2.4.2 and 1412 if it fixes the problem contact emulation mailing list. 1413 141420080525: 1415 ISDN4BSD (I4B) was removed from the src tree. You may need to 1416 update a your kernel configuration and remove relevant entries. 1417 141820080509: 1419 I have checked in code to support multiple routing tables. 1420 See the man pages setfib(1) and setfib(2). 1421 This is a hopefully backwards compatible version, 1422 but to make use of it you need to compile your kernel 1423 with options ROUTETABLES=2 (or more up to 16). 1424 142520080420: 1426 The 802.11 wireless support was redone to enable multi-bss 1427 operation on devices that are capable. The underlying device 1428 is no longer used directly but instead wlanX devices are 1429 cloned with ifconfig. This requires changes to rc.conf files. 1430 For example, change: 1431 ifconfig_ath0="WPA DHCP" 1432 to 1433 wlans_ath0=wlan0 1434 ifconfig_wlan0="WPA DHCP" 1435 see rc.conf(5) for more details. In addition, mergemaster of 1436 /etc/rc.d is highly recommended. Simultaneous update of userland 1437 and kernel wouldn't hurt either. 1438 1439 As part of the multi-bss changes the wlan_scan_ap and wlan_scan_sta 1440 modules were merged into the base wlan module. All references 1441 to these modules (e.g. in kernel config files) must be removed. 1442 144320080408: 1444 psm(4) has gained write(2) support in native operation level. 1445 Arbitrary commands can be written to /dev/psm%d and status can 1446 be read back from it. Therefore, an application is responsible 1447 for status validation and error recovery. It is a no-op in 1448 other operation levels. 1449 145020080312: 1451 Support for KSE threading has been removed from the kernel. To 1452 run legacy applications linked against KSE libmap.conf may 1453 be used. The following libmap.conf may be used to ensure 1454 compatibility with any prior release: 1455 1456 libpthread.so.1 libthr.so.1 1457 libpthread.so.2 libthr.so.2 1458 libkse.so.3 libthr.so.3 1459 146020080301: 1461 The layout of struct vmspace has changed. This affects libkvm 1462 and any executables that link against libkvm and use the 1463 kvm_getprocs() function. In particular, but not exclusively, 1464 it affects ps(1), fstat(1), pkill(1), systat(1), top(1) and w(1). 1465 The effects are minimal, but it's advisable to upgrade world 1466 nonetheless. 1467 146820080229: 1469 The latest em driver no longer has support in it for the 1470 82575 adapter, this is now moved to the igb driver. The 1471 split was done to make new features that are incompatible 1472 with older hardware easier to do. 1473 147420080220: 1475 The new geom_lvm(4) geom class has been renamed to geom_linux_lvm(4), 1476 likewise the kernel option is now GEOM_LINUX_LVM. 1477 147820080211: 1479 The default NFS mount mode has changed from UDP to TCP for 1480 increased reliability. If you rely on (insecurely) NFS 1481 mounting across a firewall you may need to update your 1482 firewall rules. 1483 148420080208: 1485 Belatedly note the addition of m_collapse for compacting 1486 mbuf chains. 1487 148820080126: 1489 The fts(3) structures have been changed to use adequate 1490 integer types for their members and so to be able to cope 1491 with huge file trees. The old fts(3) ABI is preserved 1492 through symbol versioning in libc, so third-party binaries 1493 using fts(3) should still work, although they will not take 1494 advantage of the extended types. At the same time, some 1495 third-party software might fail to build after this change 1496 due to unportable assumptions made in its source code about 1497 fts(3) structure members. Such software should be fixed 1498 by its vendor or, in the worst case, in the ports tree. 1499 FreeBSD_version 800015 marks this change for the unlikely 1500 case that a portable fix is impossible. 1501 150220080123: 1503 To upgrade to -current after this date, you must be running 1504 FreeBSD not older than 6.0-RELEASE. Upgrading to -current 1505 from 5.x now requires a stop over at RELENG_6 or RELENG_7 systems. 1506 150720071128: 1508 The ADAPTIVE_GIANT kernel option has been retired because its 1509 functionality is the default now. 1510 151120071118: 1512 The AT keyboard emulation of sunkbd(4) has been turned on 1513 by default. In order to make the special symbols of the Sun 1514 keyboards driven by sunkbd(4) work under X these now have 1515 to be configured the same way as Sun USB keyboards driven 1516 by ukbd(4) (which also does AT keyboard emulation), f.e.: 1517 1518 Option "XkbLayout" "us" 1519 Option "XkbRules" "xorg" 1520 Option "XkbSymbols" "pc(pc105)+sun_vndr/usb(sun_usb)+us" 1521 152220071024: 1523 It has been decided that it is desirable to provide ABI 1524 backwards compatibility to the FreeBSD 4/5/6 versions of the 1525 PCIOCGETCONF, PCIOCREAD and PCIOCWRITE IOCTLs, which was 1526 broken with the introduction of PCI domain support (see the 1527 20070930 entry). Unfortunately, this required the ABI of 1528 PCIOCGETCONF to be broken again in order to be able to 1529 provide backwards compatibility to the old version of that 1530 IOCTL. Thus consumers of PCIOCGETCONF have to be recompiled 1531 again. As for prominent ports this affects neither pciutils 1532 nor xorg-server this time, the hal port needs to be rebuilt 1533 however. 1534 153520071020: 1536 The misnamed kthread_create() and friends have been renamed 1537 to kproc_create() etc. Many of the callers already 1538 used kproc_start().. 1539 I will return kthread_create() and friends in a while 1540 with implementations that actually create threads, not procs. 1541 Renaming corresponds with version 800002. 1542 154320071010: 1544 RELENG_7 branched. 1545 1546COMMON ITEMS: 1547 1548 General Notes 1549 ------------- 1550 Avoid using make -j when upgrading. While generally safe, there are 1551 sometimes problems using -j to upgrade. If your upgrade fails with 1552 -j, please try again without -j. From time to time in the past there 1553 have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or installworld. This 1554 is especially true when upgrading between "distant" versions (eg one 1555 that cross a major release boundary or several minor releases, or when 1556 several months have passed on the -current branch). 1557 1558 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment 1559 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its 1560 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run 1561 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make 1562 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details. 1563 1564 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best 1565 to upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, 1566 then do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade 1567 path, and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try 1568 this approach before reporting problems with a major version upgrade. 1569 1570 ZFS notes 1571 --------- 1572 When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow 1573 these two steps: 1574 1575 1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block 1576 (this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld") 1577 1578 2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive 1579 1580 The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the first 1581 partition (freebsd-boot) of a GPT partitioned drive ad0: 1582 "gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ad0" 1583 1584 Non-boot pools do not need these updates. 1585 1586 To build a kernel 1587 ----------------- 1588 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just 1589 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most 1590 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld, 1591 1592 make kernel-toolchain 1593 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1594 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1595 1596 To test a kernel once 1597 --------------------- 1598 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure 1599 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide 1600 debugging information) run 1601 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel 1602 nextboot -k testkernel 1603 1604 To just build a kernel when you know that it won't mess you up 1605 -------------------------------------------------------------- 1606 This assumes you are already running a CURRENT system. Replace 1607 ${arch} with the architecture of your machine (e.g. "i386", 1608 "arm", "amd64", "ia64", "pc98", "sparc64", "powerpc", "mips", etc). 1609 1610 cd src/sys/${arch}/conf 1611 config KERNEL_NAME_HERE 1612 cd ../compile/KERNEL_NAME_HERE 1613 make depend 1614 make 1615 make install 1616 1617 If this fails, go to the "To build a kernel" section. 1618 1619 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system. 1620 ----------------------------------------------------------- 1621 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than 1622 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current. 1623 1624 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 1625 make buildworld 1626 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1627 [1] 1628 <reboot in single user> [3] 1629 mergemaster -p [5] 1630 make installworld 1631 mergemaster -i [4] 1632 make delete-old [6] 1633 <reboot> 1634 1635 1636 To cross-install current onto a separate partition 1637 -------------------------------------------------- 1638 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold 1639 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition 1640 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in 1641 # size. 1642 1643 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 1644 <boot into -stable> 1645 make buildworld 1646 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1647 <maybe newfs current's root partition> 1648 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}> 1649 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 1650 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd 1651 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 1652 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd 1653 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition> 1654 <reboot into current> 1655 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section> 1656 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*> 1657 <reboot> 1658 1659 1660 To upgrade in-place from stable to current 1661 ---------------------------------------------- 1662 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 1663 make buildworld [9] 1664 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8] 1665 [1] 1666 <reboot in single user> [3] 1667 mergemaster -p [5] 1668 make installworld 1669 mergemaster -i [4] 1670 make delete-old [6] 1671 <reboot> 1672 1673 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the 1674 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life 1675 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own 1676 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of 1677 the UPDATING entries. 1678 1679 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to 1680 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update 1681 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent 1682 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has 1683 much fewer pitfalls. 1684 1685 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you 1686 should disable them at this point so they don't crash your 1687 system on reboot. 1688 1689 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do 1690 fsck -p 1691 mount -u / 1692 mount -a 1693 cd src 1694 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time 1695 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that 1696 you boot into single user mode to do the installworld. 1697 1698 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step 1699 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the 1700 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those 1701 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well 1702 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists 1703 for potential gotchas. The -U option is also useful to consider. 1704 See mergemaster(8) for more information. 1705 1706 [5] Usually this step is a noop. However, from time to time 1707 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following 1708 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to 1709 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make 1710 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated 1711 from current before 20020224 or from -stable before 20020408. 1712 1713 [6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries 1714 can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make 1715 sure that no program is using those libraries anymore. 1716 1717 [8] In order to have a kernel that can run the 4.x binaries needed to 1718 do an installworld, you must include the COMPAT_FREEBSD4 option in 1719 your kernel. Failure to do so may leave you with a system that is 1720 hard to boot to recover. A similar kernel option COMPAT_FREEBSD5 is 1721 required to run the 5.x binaries on more recent kernels. And so on 1722 for COMPAT_FREEBSD6 and COMPAT_FREEBSD7. 1723 1724 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the 1725 last time you updated your kernel config file. 1726 1727 [9] When checking out sources, you must include the -P flag to have 1728 cvs prune empty directories. 1729 1730 If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the 1731 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can 1732 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to. 1733 1734 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and 1735 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will 1736 warn if it is improperly defined. 1737FORMAT: 1738 1739This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major 1740breakages in tracking -current. It is not guaranteed to be a complete 1741list of such breakages, and only contains entries since October 10, 2007. 1742If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need 1743to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release. 1744 1745Copyright information: 1746 1747Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh. All Rights Reserved. 1748 1749Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without 1750modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this 1751document are permitted without further permission from the author. 1752 1753THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 1754IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 1755WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE 1756DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, 1757INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES 1758(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR 1759SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 1760HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, 1761STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING 1762IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 1763POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 1764 1765Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of 1766this document. 1767 1768$FreeBSD: head/UPDATING 247422 2013-02-27 21:58:06Z delphij $ 1769