UPDATING revision 221071
1Updating Information for FreeBSD current users 2 3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>. 4See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the 5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you 6basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD 7handbook. 8 9Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in 10/usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before running portupgrade. 11 12NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 9.x IS SLOW: 13 FreeBSD 9.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel 14 and userland. These features attempt to detect incorrect use of 15 system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity 16 checking and fail stop semantics. They also substantially impact 17 system performance. If you want to do performance measurement, 18 benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off. This 19 includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc 20 debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the 21 kernel. Many developers choose to disable these features on build 22 machines to maximize performance. (To disable malloc debugging, run 23 ln -s aj /etc/malloc.conf.) 24 2520110424: 26 The GENERIC kernels for all architectures now default to the new 27 CAM-based ATA stack. It means that all legacy ATA drivers were 28 removed and replaced by respective CAM drivers. If you are using 29 ATA device names in /etc/fstab or other places, make sure to update 30 them respectively (adX -> adaY, acdX -> cdY, afdX -> daY, astX -> saY, 31 where 'Y's are the sequential numbers starting from zero for each type 32 in order of detection, unless configured otherwise with tunables, 33 see cam(4)). There will be symbolic links created in /dev/ to map 34 old adX devices to the respective adaY. They should provide basic 35 compatibility for file systems mounting in most cases, but they do 36 not support old user-level APIs and do not have respective providers 37 in GEOM. Consider using updated management tools with new device names. 38 39 It is possible to load devices ahci, ata, siis and mvs as modules, 40 but option ATA_CAM should remain in kernel configuration to make ata 41 module work as CAM driver supporting legacy ATA controllers. Device ata 42 still can be used in modular fashion (atacore + ...). Modules atadisk 43 and atapi* are not used and won't affect operation in ATA_CAM mode. 44 45 ataraid(4) functionality is now supported by the RAID GEOM class. 46 To use it you can load geom_raid kernel module and use graid(8) tool 47 for management. Instead of /dev/arX device names, use /dev/raid/rX. 48 49 No kernel config options or code have been removed, so if a problem 50 arises, please report it and optionally revert to the old ATA stack. 51 In order to do it you can remove from the kernel config: 52 options ATA_CAM 53 device ahci 54 device mvs 55 device siis 56 , and instead add back: 57 device atadisk # ATA disk drives 58 device ataraid # ATA RAID drives 59 device atapicd # ATAPI CDROM drives 60 device atapifd # ATAPI floppy drives 61 device atapist # ATAPI tape drives 62 6320110423: 64 The default NFS server has been changed to the new server, which 65 was referred to as the experimental server. If you need to switch 66 back to the old NFS server, you must now put the "-o" option on 67 both the mountd and nfsd commands. This can be done using the 68 mountd_flags and nfs_server_flags rc.conf variables until an 69 update to the rc scripts is committed, which is coming soon. 70 7120110418: 72 The GNU Objective-C runtime library (libobjc), and other Objective-C 73 related components have been removed from the base system. If you 74 require an Objective-C library, please use one of the available ports. 75 7620110331: 77 ath(4) has been split into bus- and device- modules. if_ath contains 78 the HAL, the TX rate control and the network device code. if_ath_pci 79 contains the PCI bus glue. For Atheros MIPS embedded systems, if_ath_ahb 80 contains the AHB glue. Users need to load both if_ath_pci and if_ath 81 in order to use ath on everything else. 82 83 TO REPEAT: if_ath_ahb is not needed for normal users. Normal users only 84 need to load if_ath and if_ath_pci for ath(4) operation. 85 8620110314: 87 As part of the replacement of sysinstall, the process of building 88 release media has changed significantly. For details, please re-read 89 release(7), which has been updated to reflect the new build process. 90 9120110218: 92 GNU binutils 2.17.50 (as of 2007-07-03) has been merged to -HEAD. This 93 is the last available version under GPLv2. It brings a number of new 94 features, such as support for newer x86 CPU's (with SSE-3, SSSE-3, SSE 95 4.1 and SSE 4.2), better support for powerpc64, a number of new 96 directives, and lots of other small improvements. See the ChangeLog 97 file in contrib/binutils for the full details. 98 9920110218: 100 IPsec's HMAC_SHA256-512 support has been fixed to be RFC4868 101 compliant, and will now use half of hash for authentication. 102 This will break interoperability with all stacks (including all 103 actual FreeBSD versions) who implement 104 draft-ietf-ipsec-ciph-sha-256-00 (they use 96 bits of hash for 105 authentication). 106 The only workaround with such peers is to use another HMAC 107 algorithm for IPsec ("phase 2") authentication. 108 10920110207: 110 Remove the uio_yield prototype and symbol. This function has 111 been misnamed since it was introduced and should not be 112 globally exposed with this name. The equivalent functionality 113 is now available using kern_yield(curthread->td_user_pri). 114 The function remains undocumented. 115 11620110112: 117 A SYSCTL_[ADD_]UQUAD was added for unsigned uint64_t pointers, 118 symmetric with the existing SYSCTL_[ADD_]QUAD. Type checking 119 for scalar sysctls is defined but disabled. Code that needs 120 UQUAD to pass the type checking that must compile on older 121 systems where the define is not present can check against 122 __FreeBSD_version >= 900030. 123 124 The system dialog(1) has been replaced with a new version previously 125 in ports as devel/cdialog. dialog(1) is mostly command-line compatible 126 with the previous version, but the libdialog associated with it has 127 a largely incompatible API. As such, the original version of libdialog 128 will be kept temporarily as libodialog, until its base system consumers 129 are replaced or updated. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900030. 130 13120110103: 132 If you are trying to run make universe on a -stable system, and you get 133 the following warning: 134 "Makefile", line 356: "Target architecture for i386/conf/GENERIC 135 unknown. config(8) likely too old." 136 or something similar to it, then you must upgrade your -stable system 137 to 8.2-Release or newer (really, any time after r210146 7/15/2010 in 138 stable/8) or build the config from the latest stable/8 branch and 139 install it on your system. 140 141 Prior to this date, building a current universe on 8-stable system from 142 between 7/15/2010 and 1/2/2011 would result in a weird shell parsing 143 error in the first kernel build phase. A new config on those old 144 systems will fix that problem for older versions of -current. 145 14620101228: 147 The TCP stack has been modified to allow Khelp modules to interact with 148 it via helper hook points and store per-connection data in the TCP 149 control block. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900029. User space tools that 150 rely on the size of struct tcpcb in tcp_var.h (e.g. sockstat) need to 151 be recompiled. 152 15320101114: 154 Generic IEEE 802.3 annex 31B full duplex flow control support has been 155 added to mii(4) and bge(4), bce(4), msk(4), nfe(4) and stge(4) along 156 with brgphy(4), e1000phy(4) as well as ip1000phy() have been converted 157 to take advantage of it instead of using custom implementations. This 158 means that these drivers now no longer unconditionally advertise 159 support for flow control but only do so if flow control is a selected 160 media option. This was implemented in the generic support that way in 161 order to allow flow control to be switched on and off via ifconfig(8) 162 with the PHY specific default to typically off in order to protect 163 from unwanted effects. Consequently, if you used flow control with 164 one of the above mentioned drivers you now need to explicitly enable 165 it, for example via: 166 ifconfig bge0 media auto mediaopt flowcontrol 167 168 Along with the above mentioned changes generic support for setting 169 1000baseT master mode also has been added and brgphy(4), ciphy(4), 170 e1000phy(4) as well as ip1000phy(4) have been converted to take 171 advantage of it. This means that these drivers now no longer take the 172 link0 parameter for selecting master mode but the master media option 173 has to be used instead, for example like in the following: 174 ifconfig bge0 media 1000baseT mediaopt full-duplex,master 175 176 Selection of master mode now is also available with all other PHY 177 drivers supporting 1000baseT. 178 17920101111: 180 The TCP stack has received a significant update to add support for 181 modularised congestion control and generally improve the clarity of 182 congestion control decisions. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900025. User 183 space tools that rely on the size of struct tcpcb in tcp_var.h (e.g. 184 sockstat) need to be recompiled. 185 18620101002: 187 The man(1) utility has been replaced by a new version that no longer 188 uses /etc/manpath.config. Please consult man.conf(5) for how to 189 migrate local entries to the new format. 190 19120100928: 192 The copyright strings printed by login(1) and sshd(8) at the time of a 193 new connection have been removed to follow other operating systems and 194 upstream sshd. 195 19620100915: 197 A workaround for a fixed ld bug has been removed in kernel code, 198 so make sure that your system ld is built from sources after 199 revision 210245 from 2010-07-19 (r211583 if building head kernel 200 on stable/8, r211584 for stable/7; both from 2010-08-21). 201 A symptom of incorrect ld version is different addresses for 202 set_pcpu section and __start_set_pcpu symbol in kernel and/or modules. 203 20420100913: 205 The $ipv6_prefer variable in rc.conf(5) has been split into 206 $ip6addrctl_policy and $ipv6_activate_all_interfaces. 207 208 The $ip6addrctl_policy is a variable to choose a pre-defined 209 address selection policy set by ip6addrctl(8). A value 210 "ipv4_prefer", "ipv6_prefer" or "AUTO" can be specified. The 211 default is "AUTO". 212 213 The $ipv6_activate_all_interfaces specifies whether IFDISABLED 214 flag (see an entry of 20090926) is set on an interface with no 215 corresponding $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 line. The default is "NO" for 216 security reason. If you want IPv6 link-local address on all 217 interfaces by default, set this to "YES". 218 219 The old ipv6_prefer="YES" is equivalent to 220 ipv6_activate_all_interfaces="YES" and 221 ip6addrctl_policy="ipv6_prefer". 222 22320100913: 224 DTrace has grown support for userland tracing. Due to this, DTrace is 225 now i386 and amd64 only. 226 dtruss(1) is now installed by default on those systems and a new 227 kernel module is needed for userland tracing: fasttrap. 228 No changes to your kernel config file are necessary to enable 229 userland tracing, but you might consider adding 'STRIP=' and 230 'CFLAGS+=-fno-omit-frame-pointer' to your make.conf if you want 231 to have informative userland stack traces in DTrace (ustack). 232 23320100725: 234 The acpi_aiboost(4) driver has been removed in favor of the new 235 aibs(4) driver. You should update your kernel configuration file. 236 23720100722: 238 BSD grep has been imported to the base system and it is built by 239 default. It is completely BSD licensed, highly GNU-compatible, uses 240 less memory than its GNU counterpart and has a small codebase. 241 However, it is slower than its GNU counterpart, which is mostly 242 noticeable for larger searches, for smaller ones it is measurable 243 but not significant. The reason is complex, the most important factor 244 is that we lack a modern and efficient regex library and GNU 245 overcomes this by optimizing the searches internally. Future work 246 on improving the regex performance is planned, for the meantime, 247 users that need better performance, can build GNU grep instead by 248 setting the WITH_GNU_GREP knob. 249 25020100713: 251 Due to the import of powerpc64 support, all existing powerpc kernel 252 configuration files must be updated with a machine directive like this: 253 machine powerpc powerpc 254 255 In addition, an updated config(8) is required to build powerpc kernels 256 after this change. 257 25820100713: 259 A new version of ZFS (version 15) has been merged to -HEAD. 260 This version uses a python library for the following subcommands: 261 zfs allow, zfs unallow, zfs groupspace, zfs userspace. 262 For full functionality of these commands the following port must 263 be installed: sysutils/py-zfs 264 26520100429: 266 'vm_page's are now hashed by physical address to an array of mutexes. 267 Currently this is only used to serialize access to hold_count. Over 268 time the page queue mutex will be peeled away. This changes the size 269 of pmap on every architecture. And requires all callers of vm_page_hold 270 and vm_page_unhold to be updated. 271 27220100402: 273 WITH_CTF can now be specified in src.conf (not recommended, there 274 are some problems with static executables), make.conf (would also 275 affect ports which do not use GNU make and do not override the 276 compile targets) or in the kernel config (via "makeoptions 277 WITH_CTF=yes"). 278 When WITH_CTF was specified there before this was silently ignored, 279 so make sure that WITH_CTF is not used in places which could lead 280 to unwanted behavior. 281 28220100311: 283 The kernel option COMPAT_IA32 has been replaced with COMPAT_FREEBSD32 284 to allow 32-bit compatibility on non-x86 platforms. All kernel 285 configurations on amd64 and ia64 platforms using these options must 286 be modified accordingly. 287 28820100113: 289 The utmp user accounting database has been replaced with utmpx, 290 the user accounting interface standardized by POSIX. 291 Unfortunately the semantics of utmp and utmpx don't match, 292 making it practically impossible to support both interfaces. 293 The user accounting database is used by tools like finger(1), 294 last(1), talk(1), w(1) and ac(8). 295 296 All applications in the base system use utmpx. This means only 297 local binaries (e.g. from the ports tree) may still use these 298 utmp database files. These applications must be rebuilt to make 299 use of utmpx. 300 301 After the system has been upgraded, it is safe to remove the old 302 log files (/var/run/utmp, /var/log/lastlog and /var/log/wtmp*), 303 assuming their contents is of no importance anymore. Old wtmp 304 databases can only be used by last(1) and ac(8) after they have 305 been converted to the new format using wtmpcvt(1). 306 30720100108: 308 Introduce the kernel thread "deadlock resolver" (which can be enabled 309 via the DEADLKRES option, see NOTES for more details) and the 310 sleepq_type() function for sleepqueues. 311 31220091202: 313 The rc.firewall and rc.firewall6 were unified, and 314 rc.firewall6 and rc.d/ip6fw were removed. 315 According to the removal of rc.d/ip6fw, ipv6_firewall_* rc 316 variables are obsoleted. Instead, the following new rc 317 variables are added to rc.d/ipfw: 318 319 firewall_client_net_ipv6, firewall_simple_iif_ipv6, 320 firewall_simple_inet_ipv6, firewall_simple_oif_ipv6, 321 firewall_simple_onet_ipv6, firewall_trusted_ipv6 322 323 The meanings correspond to the relevant IPv4 variables. 324 32520091125: 326 8.0-RELEASE. 327 32820091113: 329 The default terminal emulation for syscons(4) has been changed 330 from cons25 to xterm on all platforms except pc98. This means 331 that the /etc/ttys file needs to be updated to ensure correct 332 operation of applications on the console. 333 334 The terminal emulation style can be toggled per window by using 335 vidcontrol(1)'s -T flag. The TEKEN_CONS25 kernel configuration 336 options can be used to change the compile-time default back to 337 cons25. 338 339 To prevent graphical artifacts, make sure the TERM environment 340 variable is set to match the terminal emulation that is being 341 performed by syscons(4). 342 34320091109: 344 The layout of the structure ieee80211req_scan_result has changed. 345 Applications that require wireless scan results (e.g. ifconfig(8)) 346 from net80211 need to be recompiled. 347 348 Applications such as wpa_supplicant(8) may require a full world 349 build without using NO_CLEAN in order to get synchronized with the 350 new structure. 351 35220091025: 353 The iwn(4) driver has been updated to support the 5000 and 5150 series. 354 There's one kernel module for each firmware. Adding "device iwnfw" 355 to the kernel configuration file means including all three firmware 356 images inside the kernel. If you want to include just the one for 357 your wireless card, use the the devices iwn4965fw, iwn5000fw or 358 iwn5150fw. 359 36020090926: 361 The rc.d/network_ipv6, IPv6 configuration script has been integrated 362 into rc.d/netif. The changes are the following: 363 364 1. To use IPv6, simply define $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 like $ifconfig_IF 365 for IPv4. For aliases, $ifconfig_IF_aliasN should be used. 366 Note that both variables need the "inet6" keyword at the head. 367 368 Do not set $ipv6_network_interfaces manually if you do not 369 understand what you are doing. It is not needed in most cases. 370 371 $ipv6_ifconfig_IF and $ipv6_ifconfig_IF_aliasN still work, but 372 they are obsolete. 373 374 2. $ipv6_enable is obsolete. Use $ipv6_prefer and 375 "inet6 accept_rtadv" keyword in ifconfig(8) instead. 376 377 If you define $ipv6_enable=YES, it means $ipv6_prefer=YES and 378 all configured interfaces have "inet6 accept_rtadv" in the 379 $ifconfig_IF_ipv6. These are for backward compatibility. 380 381 3. A new variable $ipv6_prefer has been added. If NO, IPv6 382 functionality of interfaces with no corresponding 383 $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 is disabled by using "inet6 ifdisabled" flag, 384 and the default address selection policy of ip6addrctl(8) 385 is the IPv4-preferred one (see rc.d/ip6addrctl for more details). 386 Note that if you want to configure IPv6 functionality on the 387 disabled interfaces after boot, first you need to clear the flag by 388 using ifconfig(8) like: 389 390 ifconfig em0 inet6 -ifdisabled 391 392 If YES, the default address selection policy is set as 393 IPv6-preferred. 394 395 The default value of $ipv6_prefer is NO. 396 397 4. If your system need to receive Router Advertisement messages, 398 define "inet6 accept_rtadv" in $ifconfig_IF_ipv6. The rc(8) 399 scripts automatically invoke rtsol(8) when the interface becomes 400 UP. The Router Advertisement messages are used for SLAAC 401 (State-Less Address AutoConfiguration). 402 40320090922: 404 802.11s D3.03 support was committed. This is incompatible with the 405 previous code, which was based on D3.0. 406 40720090912: 408 A sysctl variable net.inet6.ip6.accept_rtadv now sets the default value 409 of a per-interface flag ND6_IFF_ACCEPT_RTADV, not a global knob to 410 control whether accepting Router Advertisement messages or not. 411 Also, a per-interface flag ND6_IFF_AUTO_LINKLOCAL has been added and 412 a sysctl variable net.inet6.ip6.auto_linklocal is its default value. 413 The ifconfig(8) utility now supports these flags. 414 41520090910: 416 ZFS snapshots are now mounted with MNT_IGNORE flag. Use -v option for 417 mount(8) and -a option for df(1) to see them. 418 41920090825: 420 The old tunable hw.bus.devctl_disable has been superseded by 421 hw.bus.devctl_queue. hw.bus.devctl_disable=1 in loader.conf should be 422 replaced by hw.bus.devctl_queue=0. The default for this new tunable 423 is 1000. 424 42520090813: 426 Remove the option STOP_NMI. The default action is now to use NMI only 427 for KDB via the newly introduced function stop_cpus_hard() and 428 maintain stop_cpus() to just use a normal IPI_STOP on ia32 and amd64. 429 43020090803: 431 The stable/8 branch created in subversion. This corresponds to the 432 RELENG_8 branch in CVS. 433 43420090719: 435 Bump the shared library version numbers for all libraries that do not 436 use symbol versioning as part of the 8.0-RELEASE cycle. Bump 437 __FreeBSD_version to 800105. 438 43920090714: 440 Due to changes in the implementation of virtual network stack support, 441 all network-related kernel modules must be recompiled. As this change 442 breaks the ABI, bump __FreeBSD_version to 800104. 443 44420090713: 445 The TOE interface to the TCP syncache has been modified to remove 446 struct tcpopt (<netinet/tcp_var.h>) from the ABI of the network stack. 447 The cxgb driver is the only TOE consumer affected by this change, and 448 needs to be recompiled along with the kernel. As this change breaks 449 the ABI, bump __FreeBSD_version to 800103. 450 45120090712: 452 Padding has been added to struct tcpcb, sackhint and tcpstat in 453 <netinet/tcp_var.h> to facilitate future MFCs and bug fixes whilst 454 maintaining the ABI. However, this change breaks the ABI, so bump 455 __FreeBSD_version to 800102. User space tools that rely on the size of 456 any of these structs (e.g. sockstat) need to be recompiled. 457 45820090630: 459 The NFS_LEGACYRPC option has been removed along with the old kernel 460 RPC implementation that this option selected. Kernel configurations 461 may need to be adjusted. 462 46320090629: 464 The network interface device nodes at /dev/net/<interface> have been 465 removed. All ioctl operations can be performed the normal way using 466 routing sockets. The kqueue functionality can generally be replaced 467 with routing sockets. 468 46920090628: 470 The documentation from the FreeBSD Documentation Project (Handbook, 471 FAQ, etc.) is now installed via packages by sysinstall(8) and under 472 the /usr/local/share/doc/freebsd directory instead of /usr/share/doc. 473 47420090624: 475 The ABI of various structures related to the SYSV IPC API have been 476 changed. As a result, the COMPAT_FREEBSD[456] and COMPAT_43 kernel 477 options now all require COMPAT_FREEBSD7. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 478 800100. 479 48020090622: 481 Layout of struct vnet has changed as routing related variables were 482 moved to their own Vimage module. Modules need to be recompiled. Bump 483 __FreeBSD_version to 800099. 484 48520090619: 486 NGROUPS_MAX and NGROUPS have been increased from 16 to 1023 and 1024 487 respectively. As long as no more than 16 groups per process are used, 488 no changes should be visible. When more than 16 groups are used, old 489 binaries may fail if they call getgroups() or getgrouplist() with 490 statically sized storage. Recompiling will work around this, but 491 applications should be modified to use dynamically allocated storage 492 for group arrays as POSIX.1-2008 does not cap an implementation's 493 number of supported groups at NGROUPS_MAX+1 as previous versions did. 494 495 NFS and portalfs mounts may also be affected as the list of groups is 496 truncated to 16. Users of NFS who use more than 16 groups, should 497 take care that negative group permissions are not used on the exported 498 file systems as they will not be reliable unless a GSSAPI based 499 authentication method is used. 500 50120090616: 502 The compiling option ADAPTIVE_LOCKMGRS has been introduced. This 503 option compiles in the support for adaptive spinning for lockmgrs 504 which want to enable it. The lockinit() function now accepts the flag 505 LK_ADAPTIVE in order to make the lock object subject to adaptive 506 spinning when both held in write and read mode. 507 50820090613: 509 The layout of the structure returned by IEEE80211_IOC_STA_INFO has 510 changed. User applications that use this ioctl need to be rebuilt. 511 51220090611: 513 The layout of struct thread has changed. Kernel and modules need to 514 be rebuilt. 515 51620090608: 517 The layout of structs ifnet, domain, protosw and vnet_net has changed. 518 Kernel modules need to be rebuilt. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800097. 519 52020090602: 521 window(1) has been removed from the base system. It can now be 522 installed from ports. The port is called misc/window. 523 52420090601: 525 The way we are storing and accessing `routing table' entries has 526 changed. Programs reading the FIB, like netstat, need to be 527 re-compiled. 528 52920090601: 530 A new netisr implementation has been added for FreeBSD 8. Network 531 file system modules, such as igmp, ipdivert, and others, should be 532 rebuilt. 533 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800096. 534 53520090530: 536 Remove the tunable/sysctl debug.mpsafevfs as its initial purpose is no 537 more valid. 538 53920090530: 540 Add VOP_ACCESSX(9). File system modules need to be rebuilt. 541 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800094. 542 54320090529: 544 Add mnt_xflag field to 'struct mount'. File system modules need to be 545 rebuilt. 546 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800093. 547 54820090528: 549 The compiling option ADAPTIVE_SX has been retired while it has been 550 introduced the option NO_ADAPTIVE_SX which handles the reversed logic. 551 The KPI for sx_init_flags() changes as accepting flags: 552 SX_ADAPTIVESPIN flag has been retired while the SX_NOADAPTIVE flag has 553 been introduced in order to handle the reversed logic. 554 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800092. 555 55620090527: 557 Add support for hierarchical jails. Remove global securelevel. 558 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800091. 559 56020090523: 561 The layout of struct vnet_net has changed, therefore modules 562 need to be rebuilt. 563 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800090. 564 56520090523: 566 The newly imported zic(8) produces a new format in the output. Please 567 run tzsetup(8) to install the newly created data to /etc/localtime. 568 56920090520: 570 The sysctl tree for the usb stack has renamed from hw.usb2.* to 571 hw.usb.* and is now consistent again with previous releases. 572 57320090520: 574 802.11 monitor mode support was revised and driver api's were changed. 575 Drivers dependent on net80211 now support DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO instead 576 of DLT_IEEE802_11. No user-visible data structures were changed but 577 applications that use DLT_IEEE802_11 may require changes. 578 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800088. 579 58020090430: 581 The layout of the following structs has changed: sysctl_oid, 582 socket, ifnet, inpcbinfo, tcpcb, syncache_head, vnet_inet, 583 vnet_inet6 and vnet_ipfw. Most modules need to be rebuild or 584 panics may be experienced. World rebuild is required for 585 correctly checking networking state from userland. 586 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800085. 587 58820090429: 589 MLDv2 and Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) have been merged 590 to the IPv6 stack. VIMAGE hooks are in but not yet used. 591 The implementation of SSM within FreeBSD's IPv6 stack closely 592 follows the IPv4 implementation. 593 594 For kernel developers: 595 596 * The most important changes are that the ip6_output() and 597 ip6_input() paths no longer take the IN6_MULTI_LOCK, 598 and this lock has been downgraded to a non-recursive mutex. 599 600 * As with the changes to the IPv4 stack to support SSM, filtering 601 of inbound multicast traffic must now be performed by transport 602 protocols within the IPv6 stack. This does not apply to TCP and 603 SCTP, however, it does apply to UDP in IPv6 and raw IPv6. 604 605 * The KPIs used by IPv6 multicast are similar to those used by 606 the IPv4 stack, with the following differences: 607 * im6o_mc_filter() is analogous to imo_multicast_filter(). 608 * The legacy KAME entry points in6_joingroup and in6_leavegroup() 609 are shimmed to in6_mc_join() and in6_mc_leave() respectively. 610 * IN6_LOOKUP_MULTI() has been deprecated and removed. 611 * IPv6 relies on MLD for the DAD mechanism. KAME's internal KPIs 612 for MLDv1 have an additional 'timer' argument which is used to 613 jitter the initial membership report for the solicited-node 614 multicast membership on-link. 615 * This is not strictly needed for MLDv2, which already jitters 616 its report transmissions. However, the 'timer' argument is 617 preserved in case MLDv1 is active on the interface. 618 619 * The KAME linked-list based IPv6 membership implementation has 620 been refactored to use a vector similar to that used by the IPv4 621 stack. 622 Code which maintains a list of its own multicast memberships 623 internally, e.g. carp, has been updated to reflect the new 624 semantics. 625 626 * There is a known Lock Order Reversal (LOR) due to in6_setscope() 627 acquiring the IF_AFDATA_LOCK and being called within ip6_output(). 628 Whilst MLDv2 tries to avoid this otherwise benign LOR, it is an 629 implementation constraint which needs to be addressed in HEAD. 630 631 For application developers: 632 633 * The changes are broadly similar to those made for the IPv4 634 stack. 635 636 * The use of IPv4 and IPv6 multicast socket options on the same 637 socket, using mapped addresses, HAS NOT been tested or supported. 638 639 * There are a number of issues with the implementation of various 640 IPv6 multicast APIs which need to be resolved in the API surface 641 before the implementation is fully compatible with KAME userland 642 use, and these are mostly to do with interface index treatment. 643 644 * The literature available discusses the use of either the delta / ASM 645 API with setsockopt(2)/getsockopt(2), or the full-state / ASM API 646 using setsourcefilter(3)/getsourcefilter(3). For more information 647 please refer to RFC 3768, 'Socket Interface Extensions for 648 Multicast Source Filters'. 649 650 * Applications which use the published RFC 3678 APIs should be fine. 651 652 For systems administrators: 653 654 * The mtest(8) utility has been refactored to support IPv6, in 655 addition to IPv4. Interface addresses are no longer accepted 656 as arguments, their names must be used instead. The utility 657 will map the interface name to its first IPv4 address as 658 returned by getifaddrs(3). 659 660 * The ifmcstat(8) utility has also been updated to print the MLDv2 661 endpoint state and source filter lists via sysctl(3). 662 663 * The net.inet6.ip6.mcast.loop sysctl may be tuned to 0 to disable 664 loopback of IPv6 multicast datagrams by default; it defaults to 1 665 to preserve the existing behaviour. Disabling multicast loopback is 666 recommended for optimal system performance. 667 668 * The IPv6 MROUTING code has been changed to examine this sysctl 669 instead of attempting to perform a group lookup before looping 670 back forwarded datagrams. 671 672 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800084. 673 67420090422: 675 Implement low-level Bluetooth HCI API. 676 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800083. 677 67820090419: 679 The layout of struct malloc_type, used by modules to register new 680 memory allocation types, has changed. Most modules will need to 681 be rebuilt or panics may be experienced. 682 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800081. 683 68420090415: 685 Anticipate overflowing inp_flags - add inp_flags2. 686 This changes most offsets in inpcb, so checking v4 connection 687 state will require a world rebuild. 688 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800080. 689 69020090415: 691 Add an llentry to struct route and struct route_in6. Modules 692 embedding a struct route will need to be recompiled. 693 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800079. 694 69520090414: 696 The size of rt_metrics_lite and by extension rtentry has changed. 697 Networking administration apps will need to be recompiled. 698 The route command now supports show as an alias for get, weighting 699 of routes, sticky and nostick flags to alter the behavior of stateful 700 load balancing. 701 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800078. 702 70320090408: 704 Do not use Giant for kbdmux(4) locking. This is wrong and 705 apparently causing more problems than it solves. This will 706 re-open the issue where interrupt handlers may race with 707 kbdmux(4) in polling mode. Typical symptoms include (but 708 not limited to) duplicated and/or missing characters when 709 low level console functions (such as gets) are used while 710 interrupts are enabled (for example geli password prompt, 711 mountroot prompt etc.). Disabling kbdmux(4) may help. 712 71320090407: 714 The size of structs vnet_net, vnet_inet and vnet_ipfw has changed; 715 kernel modules referencing any of the above need to be recompiled. 716 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800075. 717 71820090320: 719 GEOM_PART has become the default partition slicer for storage devices, 720 replacing GEOM_MBR, GEOM_BSD, GEOM_PC98 and GEOM_GPT slicers. It 721 introduces some changes: 722 723 MSDOS/EBR: the devices created from MSDOS extended partition entries 724 (EBR) can be named differently than with GEOM_MBR and are now symlinks 725 to devices with offset-based names. fstabs may need to be modified. 726 727 BSD: the "geometry does not match label" warning is harmless in most 728 cases but it points to problems in file system misalignment with 729 disk geometry. The "c" partition is now implicit, covers the whole 730 top-level drive and cannot be (mis)used by users. 731 732 General: Kernel dumps are now not allowed to be written to devices 733 whose partition types indicate they are meant to be used for file 734 systems (or, in case of MSDOS partitions, as something else than 735 the "386BSD" type). 736 737 Most of these changes date approximately from 200812. 738 73920090319: 740 The uscanner(4) driver has been removed from the kernel. This follows 741 Linux removing theirs in 2.6 and making libusb the default interface 742 (supported by sane). 743 74420090319: 745 The multicast forwarding code has been cleaned up. netstat(1) 746 only relies on KVM now for printing bandwidth upcall meters. 747 The IPv4 and IPv6 modules are split into ip_mroute_mod and 748 ip6_mroute_mod respectively. The config(5) options for statically 749 compiling this code remain the same, i.e. 'options MROUTING'. 750 75120090315: 752 Support for the IFF_NEEDSGIANT network interface flag has been 753 removed, which means that non-MPSAFE network device drivers are no 754 longer supported. In particular, if_ar, if_sr, and network device 755 drivers from the old (legacy) USB stack can no longer be built or 756 used. 757 75820090313: 759 POSIX.1 Native Language Support (NLS) has been enabled in libc and 760 a bunch of new language catalog files have also been added. 761 This means that some common libc messages are now localized and 762 they depend on the LC_MESSAGES environmental variable. 763 76420090313: 765 The k8temp(4) driver has been renamed to amdtemp(4) since 766 support for Family 10 and Family 11 CPU families was added. 767 76820090309: 769 IGMPv3 and Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) have been merged 770 to the IPv4 stack. VIMAGE hooks are in but not yet used. 771 772 For kernel developers, the most important changes are that the 773 ip_output() and ip_input() paths no longer take the IN_MULTI_LOCK(), 774 and this lock has been downgraded to a non-recursive mutex. 775 776 Transport protocols (UDP, Raw IP) are now responsible for filtering 777 inbound multicast traffic according to group membership and source 778 filters. The imo_multicast_filter() KPI exists for this purpose. 779 Transports which do not use multicast (SCTP, TCP) already reject 780 multicast by default. Forwarding and receive performance may improve 781 as a mutex acquisition is no longer needed in the ip_input() 782 low-level input path. in_addmulti() and in_delmulti() are shimmed 783 to new KPIs which exist to support SSM in-kernel. 784 785 For application developers, it is recommended that loopback of 786 multicast datagrams be disabled for best performance, as this 787 will still cause the lock to be taken for each looped-back 788 datagram transmission. The net.inet.ip.mcast.loop sysctl may 789 be tuned to 0 to disable loopback by default; it defaults to 1 790 to preserve the existing behaviour. 791 792 For systems administrators, to obtain best performance with 793 multicast reception and multiple groups, it is always recommended 794 that a card with a suitably precise hash filter is used. Hash 795 collisions will still result in the lock being taken within the 796 transport protocol input path to check group membership. 797 798 If deploying FreeBSD in an environment with IGMP snooping switches, 799 it is recommended that the net.inet.igmp.sendlocal sysctl remain 800 enabled; this forces 224.0.0.0/24 group membership to be announced 801 via IGMP. 802 803 The size of 'struct igmpstat' has changed; netstat needs to be 804 recompiled to reflect this. 805 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800070. 806 80720090309: 808 libusb20.so.1 is now installed as libusb.so.1 and the ports system 809 updated to use it. This requires a buildworld/installworld in order to 810 update the library and dependencies (usbconfig, etc). Its advisable to 811 rebuild all ports which uses libusb. More specific directions are given 812 in the ports collection UPDATING file. Any /etc/libmap.conf entries for 813 libusb are no longer required and can be removed. 814 81520090302: 816 A workaround is committed to allow the creation of System V shared 817 memory segment of size > 2 GB on the 64-bit architectures. 818 Due to a limitation of the existing ABI, the shm_segsz member 819 of the struct shmid_ds, returned by shmctl(IPC_STAT) call is 820 wrong for large segments. Note that limits must be explicitly 821 raised to allow such segments to be created. 822 82320090301: 824 The layout of struct ifnet has changed, requiring a rebuild of all 825 network device driver modules. 826 82720090227: 828 The /dev handling for the new USB stack has changed, a 829 buildworld/installworld is required for libusb20. 830 83120090223: 832 The new USB2 stack has now been permanently moved in and all kernel and 833 module names reverted to their previous values (eg, usb, ehci, ohci, 834 ums, ...). The old usb stack can be compiled in by prefixing the name 835 with the letter 'o', the old usb modules have been removed. 836 Updating entry 20090216 for xorg and 20090215 for libmap may still 837 apply. 838 83920090217: 840 The rc.conf(5) option if_up_delay has been renamed to 841 defaultroute_delay to better reflect its purpose. If you have 842 customized this setting in /etc/rc.conf you need to update it to 843 use the new name. 844 84520090216: 846 xorg 7.4 wants to configure its input devices via hald which does not 847 yet work with USB2. If the keyboard/mouse does not work in xorg then 848 add 849 Option "AllowEmptyInput" "off" 850 to your ServerLayout section. This will cause X to use the configured 851 kbd and mouse sections from your xorg.conf. 852 85320090215: 854 The GENERIC kernels for all architectures now default to the new USB2 855 stack. No kernel config options or code have been removed so if a 856 problem arises please report it and optionally revert to the old USB 857 stack. If you are loading USB kernel modules or have a custom kernel 858 that includes GENERIC then ensure that usb names are also changed over, 859 eg uftdi -> usb2_serial_ftdi. 860 861 Older programs linked against the ports libusb 0.1 need to be 862 redirected to the new stack's libusb20. /etc/libmap.conf can 863 be used for this: 864 # Map old usb library to new one for usb2 stack 865 libusb-0.1.so.8 libusb20.so.1 866 86720090209: 868 All USB ethernet devices now attach as interfaces under the name ueN 869 (eg. ue0). This is to provide a predictable name as vendors often 870 change usb chipsets in a product without notice. 871 87220090203: 873 The ichsmb(4) driver has been changed to require SMBus slave 874 addresses be left-justified (xxxxxxx0b) rather than right-justified. 875 All of the other SMBus controller drivers require left-justified 876 slave addresses, so this change makes all the drivers provide the 877 same interface. 878 87920090201: 880 INET6 statistics (struct ip6stat) was updated. 881 netstat(1) needs to be recompiled. 882 88320090119: 884 NTFS has been removed from GENERIC kernel on amd64 to match 885 GENERIC on i386. Should not cause any issues since mount_ntfs(8) 886 will load ntfs.ko module automatically when NTFS support is 887 actually needed, unless ntfs.ko is not installed or security 888 level prohibits loading kernel modules. If either is the case, 889 "options NTFS" has to be added into kernel config. 890 89120090115: 892 TCP Appropriate Byte Counting (RFC 3465) support added to kernel. 893 New field in struct tcpcb breaks ABI, so bump __FreeBSD_version to 894 800061. User space tools that rely on the size of struct tcpcb in 895 tcp_var.h (e.g. sockstat) need to be recompiled. 896 89720081225: 898 ng_tty(4) module updated to match the new TTY subsystem. 899 Due to API change, user-level applications must be updated. 900 New API support added to mpd5 CVS and expected to be present 901 in next mpd5.3 release. 902 90320081219: 904 With __FreeBSD_version 800060 the makefs tool is part of 905 the base system (it was a port). 906 90720081216: 908 The afdata and ifnet locks have been changed from mutexes to 909 rwlocks, network modules will need to be re-compiled. 910 91120081214: 912 __FreeBSD_version 800059 incorporates the new arp-v2 rewrite. 913 RTF_CLONING, RTF_LLINFO and RTF_WASCLONED flags are eliminated. 914 The new code reduced struct rtentry{} by 16 bytes on 32-bit 915 architecture and 40 bytes on 64-bit architecture. The userland 916 applications "arp" and "ndp" have been updated accordingly. 917 The output from "netstat -r" shows only routing entries and 918 none of the L2 information. 919 92020081130: 921 __FreeBSD_version 800057 marks the switchover from the 922 binary ath hal to source code. Users must add the line: 923 924 options AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 925 926 to their kernel config files when specifying: 927 928 device ath_hal 929 930 The ath_hal module no longer exists; the code is now compiled 931 together with the driver in the ath module. It is now 932 possible to tailor chip support (i.e. reduce the set of chips 933 and thereby the code size); consult ath_hal(4) for details. 934 93520081121: 936 __FreeBSD_version 800054 adds memory barriers to 937 <machine/atomic.h>, new interfaces to ifnet to facilitate 938 multiple hardware transmit queues for cards that support 939 them, and a lock-less ring-buffer implementation to 940 enable drivers to more efficiently manage queueing of 941 packets. 942 94320081117: 944 A new version of ZFS (version 13) has been merged to -HEAD. 945 This version has zpool attribute "listsnapshots" off by 946 default, which means "zfs list" does not show snapshots, 947 and is the same as Solaris behavior. 948 94920081028: 950 dummynet(4) ABI has changed. ipfw(8) needs to be recompiled. 951 95220081009: 953 The uhci, ohci, ehci and slhci USB Host controller drivers have 954 been put into separate modules. If you load the usb module 955 separately through loader.conf you will need to load the 956 appropriate *hci module as well. E.g. for a UHCI-based USB 2.0 957 controller add the following to loader.conf: 958 959 uhci_load="YES" 960 ehci_load="YES" 961 96220081009: 963 The ABI used by the PMC toolset has changed. Please keep 964 userland (libpmc(3)) and the kernel module (hwpmc(4)) in 965 sync. 966 96720081009: 968 atapci kernel module now includes only generic PCI ATA 969 driver. AHCI driver moved to ataahci kernel module. 970 All vendor-specific code moved into separate kernel modules: 971 ataacard, ataacerlabs, ataadaptec, ataamd, ataati, atacenatek, 972 atacypress, atacyrix, atahighpoint, ataintel, ataite, atajmicron, 973 atamarvell, atamicron, atanational, atanetcell, atanvidia, 974 atapromise, ataserverworks, atasiliconimage, atasis, atavia 975 97620080820: 977 The TTY subsystem of the kernel has been replaced by a new 978 implementation, which provides better scalability and an 979 improved driver model. Most common drivers have been migrated to 980 the new TTY subsystem, while others have not. The following 981 drivers have not yet been ported to the new TTY layer: 982 983 PCI/ISA: 984 cy, digi, rc, rp, sio 985 986 USB: 987 ubser, ucycom 988 989 Line disciplines: 990 ng_h4, ng_tty, ppp, sl, snp 991 992 Adding these drivers to your kernel configuration file shall 993 cause compilation to fail. 994 99520080818: 996 ntpd has been upgraded to 4.2.4p5. 997 99820080801: 999 OpenSSH has been upgraded to 5.1p1. 1000 1001 For many years, FreeBSD's version of OpenSSH preferred DSA 1002 over RSA for host and user authentication keys. With this 1003 upgrade, we've switched to the vendor's default of RSA over 1004 DSA. This may cause upgraded clients to warn about unknown 1005 host keys even for previously known hosts. Users should 1006 follow the usual procedure for verifying host keys before 1007 accepting the RSA key. 1008 1009 This can be circumvented by setting the "HostKeyAlgorithms" 1010 option to "ssh-dss,ssh-rsa" in ~/.ssh/config or on the ssh 1011 command line. 1012 1013 Please note that the sequence of keys offered for 1014 authentication has been changed as well. You may want to 1015 specify IdentityFile in a different order to revert this 1016 behavior. 1017 101820080713: 1019 The sio(4) driver has been removed from the i386 and amd64 1020 kernel configuration files. This means uart(4) is now the 1021 default serial port driver on those platforms as well. 1022 1023 To prevent collisions with the sio(4) driver, the uart(4) driver 1024 uses different names for its device nodes. This means the 1025 onboard serial port will now most likely be called "ttyu0" 1026 instead of "ttyd0". You may need to reconfigure applications to 1027 use the new device names. 1028 1029 When using the serial port as a boot console, be sure to update 1030 /boot/device.hints and /etc/ttys before booting the new kernel. 1031 If you forget to do so, you can still manually specify the hints 1032 at the loader prompt: 1033 1034 set hint.uart.0.at="isa" 1035 set hint.uart.0.port="0x3F8" 1036 set hint.uart.0.flags="0x10" 1037 set hint.uart.0.irq="4" 1038 boot -s 1039 104020080609: 1041 The gpt(8) utility has been removed. Use gpart(8) to partition 1042 disks instead. 1043 104420080603: 1045 The version that Linuxulator emulates was changed from 2.4.2 1046 to 2.6.16. If you experience any problems with Linux binaries 1047 please try to set sysctl compat.linux.osrelease to 2.4.2 and 1048 if it fixes the problem contact emulation mailing list. 1049 105020080525: 1051 ISDN4BSD (I4B) was removed from the src tree. You may need to 1052 update a your kernel configuration and remove relevant entries. 1053 105420080509: 1055 I have checked in code to support multiple routing tables. 1056 See the man pages setfib(1) and setfib(2). 1057 This is a hopefully backwards compatible version, 1058 but to make use of it you need to compile your kernel 1059 with options ROUTETABLES=2 (or more up to 16). 1060 106120080420: 1062 The 802.11 wireless support was redone to enable multi-bss 1063 operation on devices that are capable. The underlying device 1064 is no longer used directly but instead wlanX devices are 1065 cloned with ifconfig. This requires changes to rc.conf files. 1066 For example, change: 1067 ifconfig_ath0="WPA DHCP" 1068 to 1069 wlans_ath0=wlan0 1070 ifconfig_wlan0="WPA DHCP" 1071 see rc.conf(5) for more details. In addition, mergemaster of 1072 /etc/rc.d is highly recommended. Simultaneous update of userland 1073 and kernel wouldn't hurt either. 1074 1075 As part of the multi-bss changes the wlan_scan_ap and wlan_scan_sta 1076 modules were merged into the base wlan module. All references 1077 to these modules (e.g. in kernel config files) must be removed. 1078 107920080408: 1080 psm(4) has gained write(2) support in native operation level. 1081 Arbitrary commands can be written to /dev/psm%d and status can 1082 be read back from it. Therefore, an application is responsible 1083 for status validation and error recovery. It is a no-op in 1084 other operation levels. 1085 108620080312: 1087 Support for KSE threading has been removed from the kernel. To 1088 run legacy applications linked against KSE libmap.conf may 1089 be used. The following libmap.conf may be used to ensure 1090 compatibility with any prior release: 1091 1092 libpthread.so.1 libthr.so.1 1093 libpthread.so.2 libthr.so.2 1094 libkse.so.3 libthr.so.3 1095 109620080301: 1097 The layout of struct vmspace has changed. This affects libkvm 1098 and any executables that link against libkvm and use the 1099 kvm_getprocs() function. In particular, but not exclusively, 1100 it affects ps(1), fstat(1), pkill(1), systat(1), top(1) and w(1). 1101 The effects are minimal, but it's advisable to upgrade world 1102 nonetheless. 1103 110420080229: 1105 The latest em driver no longer has support in it for the 1106 82575 adapter, this is now moved to the igb driver. The 1107 split was done to make new features that are incompatible 1108 with older hardware easier to do. 1109 111020080220: 1111 The new geom_lvm(4) geom class has been renamed to geom_linux_lvm(4), 1112 likewise the kernel option is now GEOM_LINUX_LVM. 1113 111420080211: 1115 The default NFS mount mode has changed from UDP to TCP for 1116 increased reliability. If you rely on (insecurely) NFS 1117 mounting across a firewall you may need to update your 1118 firewall rules. 1119 112020080208: 1121 Belatedly note the addition of m_collapse for compacting 1122 mbuf chains. 1123 112420080126: 1125 The fts(3) structures have been changed to use adequate 1126 integer types for their members and so to be able to cope 1127 with huge file trees. The old fts(3) ABI is preserved 1128 through symbol versioning in libc, so third-party binaries 1129 using fts(3) should still work, although they will not take 1130 advantage of the extended types. At the same time, some 1131 third-party software might fail to build after this change 1132 due to unportable assumptions made in its source code about 1133 fts(3) structure members. Such software should be fixed 1134 by its vendor or, in the worst case, in the ports tree. 1135 FreeBSD_version 800015 marks this change for the unlikely 1136 case that a portable fix is impossible. 1137 113820080123: 1139 To upgrade to -current after this date, you must be running 1140 FreeBSD not older than 6.0-RELEASE. Upgrading to -current 1141 from 5.x now requires a stop over at RELENG_6 or RELENG_7 systems. 1142 114320071128: 1144 The ADAPTIVE_GIANT kernel option has been retired because its 1145 functionality is the default now. 1146 114720071118: 1148 The AT keyboard emulation of sunkbd(4) has been turned on 1149 by default. In order to make the special symbols of the Sun 1150 keyboards driven by sunkbd(4) work under X these now have 1151 to be configured the same way as Sun USB keyboards driven 1152 by ukbd(4) (which also does AT keyboard emulation), f.e.: 1153 1154 Option "XkbLayout" "us" 1155 Option "XkbRules" "xorg" 1156 Option "XkbSymbols" "pc(pc105)+sun_vndr/usb(sun_usb)+us" 1157 115820071024: 1159 It has been decided that it is desirable to provide ABI 1160 backwards compatibility to the FreeBSD 4/5/6 versions of the 1161 PCIOCGETCONF, PCIOCREAD and PCIOCWRITE IOCTLs, which was 1162 broken with the introduction of PCI domain support (see the 1163 20070930 entry). Unfortunately, this required the ABI of 1164 PCIOCGETCONF to be broken again in order to be able to 1165 provide backwards compatibility to the old version of that 1166 IOCTL. Thus consumers of PCIOCGETCONF have to be recompiled 1167 again. As for prominent ports this affects neither pciutils 1168 nor xorg-server this time, the hal port needs to be rebuilt 1169 however. 1170 117120071020: 1172 The misnamed kthread_create() and friends have been renamed 1173 to kproc_create() etc. Many of the callers already 1174 used kproc_start().. 1175 I will return kthread_create() and friends in a while 1176 with implementations that actually create threads, not procs. 1177 Renaming corresponds with version 800002. 1178 117920071010: 1180 RELENG_7 branched. 1181 1182COMMON ITEMS: 1183 1184 General Notes 1185 ------------- 1186 Avoid using make -j when upgrading. While generally safe, there are 1187 sometimes problems using -j to upgrade. If your upgrade fails with 1188 -j, please try again without -j. From time to time in the past there 1189 have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or installworld. This 1190 is especially true when upgrading between "distant" versions (eg one 1191 that cross a major release boundary or several minor releases, or when 1192 several months have passed on the -current branch). 1193 1194 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment 1195 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its 1196 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run 1197 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make 1198 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details. 1199 1200 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best 1201 to upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, 1202 then do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade 1203 path, and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try 1204 this approach before reporting problems with a major version upgrade. 1205 1206 ZFS notes 1207 --------- 1208 When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow 1209 these two steps: 1210 1211 1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block 1212 (this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld") 1213 1214 2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive 1215 1216 The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the first 1217 partition (freebsd-boot) of a GPT partitioned drive ad0: 1218 "gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ad0" 1219 1220 Non-boot pools do not need these updates. 1221 1222 To build a kernel 1223 ----------------- 1224 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just 1225 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most 1226 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld, 1227 1228 make kernel-toolchain 1229 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1230 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1231 1232 To test a kernel once 1233 --------------------- 1234 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure 1235 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide 1236 debugging information) run 1237 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel 1238 nextboot -k testkernel 1239 1240 To just build a kernel when you know that it won't mess you up 1241 -------------------------------------------------------------- 1242 This assumes you are already running a CURRENT system. Replace 1243 ${arch} with the architecture of your machine (e.g. "i386", 1244 "arm", "amd64", "ia64", "pc98", "sparc64", "powerpc", "mips", etc). 1245 1246 cd src/sys/${arch}/conf 1247 config KERNEL_NAME_HERE 1248 cd ../compile/KERNEL_NAME_HERE 1249 make depend 1250 make 1251 make install 1252 1253 If this fails, go to the "To build a kernel" section. 1254 1255 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system. 1256 ----------------------------------------------------------- 1257 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than 1258 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current. 1259 1260 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 1261 make buildworld 1262 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1263 [1] 1264 <reboot in single user> [3] 1265 mergemaster -p [5] 1266 make installworld 1267 mergemaster -i [4] 1268 make delete-old [6] 1269 <reboot> 1270 1271 1272 To cross-install current onto a separate partition 1273 -------------------------------------------------- 1274 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold 1275 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition 1276 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in 1277 # size. 1278 1279 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 1280 <boot into -stable> 1281 make buildworld 1282 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1283 <maybe newfs current's root partition> 1284 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}> 1285 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 1286 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd 1287 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 1288 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd 1289 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition> 1290 <reboot into current> 1291 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section> 1292 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*> 1293 <reboot> 1294 1295 1296 To upgrade in-place from 8.x-stable to current 1297 ---------------------------------------------- 1298 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 1299 make buildworld [9] 1300 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8] 1301 [1] 1302 <reboot in single user> [3] 1303 mergemaster -p [5] 1304 make installworld 1305 mergemaster -i [4] 1306 make delete-old [6] 1307 <reboot> 1308 1309 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the 1310 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life 1311 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own 1312 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of 1313 the UPDATING entries. 1314 1315 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to 1316 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update 1317 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent 1318 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has 1319 much fewer pitfalls. 1320 1321 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you 1322 should disable them at this point so they don't crash your 1323 system on reboot. 1324 1325 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do 1326 fsck -p 1327 mount -u / 1328 mount -a 1329 cd src 1330 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time 1331 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that 1332 you boot into single user mode to do the installworld. 1333 1334 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step 1335 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the 1336 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those 1337 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well 1338 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists 1339 for potential gotchas. The -U option is also useful to consider. 1340 See mergemaster(8) for more information. 1341 1342 [5] Usually this step is a noop. However, from time to time 1343 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following 1344 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to 1345 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make 1346 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated 1347 from current before 20020224 or from -stable before 20020408. 1348 1349 [6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries 1350 can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make 1351 sure that no program is using those libraries anymore. 1352 1353 [8] In order to have a kernel that can run the 4.x binaries needed to 1354 do an installworld, you must include the COMPAT_FREEBSD4 option in 1355 your kernel. Failure to do so may leave you with a system that is 1356 hard to boot to recover. A similar kernel option COMPAT_FREEBSD5 is 1357 required to run the 5.x binaries on more recent kernels. And so on 1358 for COMPAT_FREEBSD6 and COMPAT_FREEBSD7. 1359 1360 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the 1361 last time you updated your kernel config file. 1362 1363 [9] When checking out sources, you must include the -P flag to have 1364 cvs prune empty directories. 1365 1366 If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the 1367 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can 1368 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to. 1369 1370 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and 1371 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will 1372 warn if it is improperly defined. 1373FORMAT: 1374 1375This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major 1376breakages in tracking -current. Not all things will be listed here, 1377and it only starts on October 16, 2004. Updating files can found in 1378previous releases if your system is older than this. 1379 1380Copyright information: 1381 1382Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh. All Rights Reserved. 1383 1384Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without 1385modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this 1386document are permitted without further permission from the author. 1387 1388THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 1389IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 1390WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE 1391DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, 1392INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES 1393(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR 1394SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 1395HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, 1396STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING 1397IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 1398POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 1399 1400Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of 1401this document. 1402 1403$FreeBSD: head/UPDATING 221071 2011-04-26 17:01:49Z mav $ 1404