UPDATING revision 220980
1Updating Information for FreeBSD current users 2 3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>. 4See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the 5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you 6basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD 7handbook. 8 9Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in 10/usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before running portupgrade. 11 12NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 9.x IS SLOW: 13 FreeBSD 9.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel 14 and userland. These features attempt to detect incorrect use of 15 system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity 16 checking and fail stop semantics. They also substantially impact 17 system performance. If you want to do performance measurement, 18 benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off. This 19 includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc 20 debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the 21 kernel. Many developers choose to disable these features on build 22 machines to maximize performance. (To disable malloc debugging, run 23 ln -s aj /etc/malloc.conf.) 24 2520110423: 26 The default NFS server has been changed to the new server, which 27 was referred to as the experimental server. If you need to switch 28 back to the old NFS server, you must now put the "-o" option on 29 both the mountd and nfsd commands. This can be done using the 30 mountd_flags and nfs_server_flags rc.conf variables until an 31 update to the rc scripts is committed, which is coming soon. 32 3320110418: 34 The GNU Objective-C runtime library (libobjc), and other Objective-C 35 related components have been removed from the base system. If you 36 require an Objective-C library, please use one of the available ports. 37 3820110331: 39 ath(4) has been split into bus- and device- modules. if_ath contains 40 the HAL, the TX rate control and the network device code. if_ath_pci 41 contains the PCI bus glue. For Atheros MIPS embedded systems, if_ath_ahb 42 contains the AHB glue. Users need to load both if_ath_pci and if_ath 43 in order to use ath on everything else. 44 45 TO REPEAT: if_ath_ahb is not needed for normal users. Normal users only 46 need to load if_ath and if_ath_pci for ath(4) operation. 47 4820110314: 49 As part of the replacement of sysinstall, the process of building 50 release media has changed significantly. For details, please re-read 51 release(7), which has been updated to reflect the new build process. 52 5320110218: 54 GNU binutils 2.17.50 (as of 2007-07-03) has been merged to -HEAD. This 55 is the last available version under GPLv2. It brings a number of new 56 features, such as support for newer x86 CPU's (with SSE-3, SSSE-3, SSE 57 4.1 and SSE 4.2), better support for powerpc64, a number of new 58 directives, and lots of other small improvements. See the ChangeLog 59 file in contrib/binutils for the full details. 60 6120110218: 62 IPsec's HMAC_SHA256-512 support has been fixed to be RFC4868 63 compliant, and will now use half of hash for authentication. 64 This will break interoperability with all stacks (including all 65 actual FreeBSD versions) who implement 66 draft-ietf-ipsec-ciph-sha-256-00 (they use 96 bits of hash for 67 authentication). 68 The only workaround with such peers is to use another HMAC 69 algorithm for IPsec ("phase 2") authentication. 70 7120110207: 72 Remove the uio_yield prototype and symbol. This function has 73 been misnamed since it was introduced and should not be 74 globally exposed with this name. The equivalent functionality 75 is now available using kern_yield(curthread->td_user_pri). 76 The function remains undocumented. 77 7820110112: 79 A SYSCTL_[ADD_]UQUAD was added for unsigned uint64_t pointers, 80 symmetric with the existing SYSCTL_[ADD_]QUAD. Type checking 81 for scalar sysctls is defined but disabled. Code that needs 82 UQUAD to pass the type checking that must compile on older 83 systems where the define is not present can check against 84 __FreeBSD_version >= 900030. 85 86 The system dialog(1) has been replaced with a new version previously 87 in ports as devel/cdialog. dialog(1) is mostly command-line compatible 88 with the previous version, but the libdialog associated with it has 89 a largely incompatible API. As such, the original version of libdialog 90 will be kept temporarily as libodialog, until its base system consumers 91 are replaced or updated. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900030. 92 9320110103: 94 If you are trying to run make universe on a -stable system, and you get 95 the following warning: 96 "Makefile", line 356: "Target architecture for i386/conf/GENERIC 97 unknown. config(8) likely too old." 98 or something similar to it, then you must upgrade your -stable system 99 to 8.2-Release or newer (really, any time after r210146 7/15/2010 in 100 stable/8) or build the config from the latest stable/8 branch and 101 install it on your system. 102 103 Prior to this date, building a current universe on 8-stable system from 104 between 7/15/2010 and 1/2/2011 would result in a weird shell parsing 105 error in the first kernel build phase. A new config on those old 106 systems will fix that problem for older versions of -current. 107 10820101228: 109 The TCP stack has been modified to allow Khelp modules to interact with 110 it via helper hook points and store per-connection data in the TCP 111 control block. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900029. User space tools that 112 rely on the size of struct tcpcb in tcp_var.h (e.g. sockstat) need to 113 be recompiled. 114 11520101114: 116 Generic IEEE 802.3 annex 31B full duplex flow control support has been 117 added to mii(4) and bge(4), bce(4), msk(4), nfe(4) and stge(4) along 118 with brgphy(4), e1000phy(4) as well as ip1000phy() have been converted 119 to take advantage of it instead of using custom implementations. This 120 means that these drivers now no longer unconditionally advertise 121 support for flow control but only do so if flow control is a selected 122 media option. This was implemented in the generic support that way in 123 order to allow flow control to be switched on and off via ifconfig(8) 124 with the PHY specific default to typically off in order to protect 125 from unwanted effects. Consequently, if you used flow control with 126 one of the above mentioned drivers you now need to explicitly enable 127 it, for example via: 128 ifconfig bge0 media auto mediaopt flowcontrol 129 130 Along with the above mentioned changes generic support for setting 131 1000baseT master mode also has been added and brgphy(4), ciphy(4), 132 e1000phy(4) as well as ip1000phy(4) have been converted to take 133 advantage of it. This means that these drivers now no longer take the 134 link0 parameter for selecting master mode but the master media option 135 has to be used instead, for example like in the following: 136 ifconfig bge0 media 1000baseT mediaopt full-duplex,master 137 138 Selection of master mode now is also available with all other PHY 139 drivers supporting 1000baseT. 140 14120101111: 142 The TCP stack has received a significant update to add support for 143 modularised congestion control and generally improve the clarity of 144 congestion control decisions. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900025. User 145 space tools that rely on the size of struct tcpcb in tcp_var.h (e.g. 146 sockstat) need to be recompiled. 147 14820101002: 149 The man(1) utility has been replaced by a new version that no longer 150 uses /etc/manpath.config. Please consult man.conf(5) for how to 151 migrate local entries to the new format. 152 15320100928: 154 The copyright strings printed by login(1) and sshd(8) at the time of a 155 new connection have been removed to follow other operating systems and 156 upstream sshd. 157 15820100915: 159 A workaround for a fixed ld bug has been removed in kernel code, 160 so make sure that your system ld is built from sources after 161 revision 210245 from 2010-07-19 (r211583 if building head kernel 162 on stable/8, r211584 for stable/7; both from 2010-08-21). 163 A symptom of incorrect ld version is different addresses for 164 set_pcpu section and __start_set_pcpu symbol in kernel and/or modules. 165 16620100913: 167 The $ipv6_prefer variable in rc.conf(5) has been split into 168 $ip6addrctl_policy and $ipv6_activate_all_interfaces. 169 170 The $ip6addrctl_policy is a variable to choose a pre-defined 171 address selection policy set by ip6addrctl(8). A value 172 "ipv4_prefer", "ipv6_prefer" or "AUTO" can be specified. The 173 default is "AUTO". 174 175 The $ipv6_activate_all_interfaces specifies whether IFDISABLED 176 flag (see an entry of 20090926) is set on an interface with no 177 corresponding $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 line. The default is "NO" for 178 security reason. If you want IPv6 link-local address on all 179 interfaces by default, set this to "YES". 180 181 The old ipv6_prefer="YES" is equivalent to 182 ipv6_activate_all_interfaces="YES" and 183 ip6addrctl_policy="ipv6_prefer". 184 18520100913: 186 DTrace has grown support for userland tracing. Due to this, DTrace is 187 now i386 and amd64 only. 188 dtruss(1) is now installed by default on those systems and a new 189 kernel module is needed for userland tracing: fasttrap. 190 No changes to your kernel config file are necessary to enable 191 userland tracing, but you might consider adding 'STRIP=' and 192 'CFLAGS+=-fno-omit-frame-pointer' to your make.conf if you want 193 to have informative userland stack traces in DTrace (ustack). 194 19520100725: 196 The acpi_aiboost(4) driver has been removed in favor of the new 197 aibs(4) driver. You should update your kernel configuration file. 198 19920100722: 200 BSD grep has been imported to the base system and it is built by 201 default. It is completely BSD licensed, highly GNU-compatible, uses 202 less memory than its GNU counterpart and has a small codebase. 203 However, it is slower than its GNU counterpart, which is mostly 204 noticeable for larger searches, for smaller ones it is measurable 205 but not significant. The reason is complex, the most important factor 206 is that we lack a modern and efficient regex library and GNU 207 overcomes this by optimizing the searches internally. Future work 208 on improving the regex performance is planned, for the meantime, 209 users that need better performance, can build GNU grep instead by 210 setting the WITH_GNU_GREP knob. 211 21220100713: 213 Due to the import of powerpc64 support, all existing powerpc kernel 214 configuration files must be updated with a machine directive like this: 215 machine powerpc powerpc 216 217 In addition, an updated config(8) is required to build powerpc kernels 218 after this change. 219 22020100713: 221 A new version of ZFS (version 15) has been merged to -HEAD. 222 This version uses a python library for the following subcommands: 223 zfs allow, zfs unallow, zfs groupspace, zfs userspace. 224 For full functionality of these commands the following port must 225 be installed: sysutils/py-zfs 226 22720100429: 228 'vm_page's are now hashed by physical address to an array of mutexes. 229 Currently this is only used to serialize access to hold_count. Over 230 time the page queue mutex will be peeled away. This changes the size 231 of pmap on every architecture. And requires all callers of vm_page_hold 232 and vm_page_unhold to be updated. 233 23420100402: 235 WITH_CTF can now be specified in src.conf (not recommended, there 236 are some problems with static executables), make.conf (would also 237 affect ports which do not use GNU make and do not override the 238 compile targets) or in the kernel config (via "makeoptions 239 WITH_CTF=yes"). 240 When WITH_CTF was specified there before this was silently ignored, 241 so make sure that WITH_CTF is not used in places which could lead 242 to unwanted behavior. 243 24420100311: 245 The kernel option COMPAT_IA32 has been replaced with COMPAT_FREEBSD32 246 to allow 32-bit compatibility on non-x86 platforms. All kernel 247 configurations on amd64 and ia64 platforms using these options must 248 be modified accordingly. 249 25020100113: 251 The utmp user accounting database has been replaced with utmpx, 252 the user accounting interface standardized by POSIX. 253 Unfortunately the semantics of utmp and utmpx don't match, 254 making it practically impossible to support both interfaces. 255 The user accounting database is used by tools like finger(1), 256 last(1), talk(1), w(1) and ac(8). 257 258 All applications in the base system use utmpx. This means only 259 local binaries (e.g. from the ports tree) may still use these 260 utmp database files. These applications must be rebuilt to make 261 use of utmpx. 262 263 After the system has been upgraded, it is safe to remove the old 264 log files (/var/run/utmp, /var/log/lastlog and /var/log/wtmp*), 265 assuming their contents is of no importance anymore. Old wtmp 266 databases can only be used by last(1) and ac(8) after they have 267 been converted to the new format using wtmpcvt(1). 268 26920100108: 270 Introduce the kernel thread "deadlock resolver" (which can be enabled 271 via the DEADLKRES option, see NOTES for more details) and the 272 sleepq_type() function for sleepqueues. 273 27420091202: 275 The rc.firewall and rc.firewall6 were unified, and 276 rc.firewall6 and rc.d/ip6fw were removed. 277 According to the removal of rc.d/ip6fw, ipv6_firewall_* rc 278 variables are obsoleted. Instead, the following new rc 279 variables are added to rc.d/ipfw: 280 281 firewall_client_net_ipv6, firewall_simple_iif_ipv6, 282 firewall_simple_inet_ipv6, firewall_simple_oif_ipv6, 283 firewall_simple_onet_ipv6, firewall_trusted_ipv6 284 285 The meanings correspond to the relevant IPv4 variables. 286 28720091125: 288 8.0-RELEASE. 289 29020091113: 291 The default terminal emulation for syscons(4) has been changed 292 from cons25 to xterm on all platforms except pc98. This means 293 that the /etc/ttys file needs to be updated to ensure correct 294 operation of applications on the console. 295 296 The terminal emulation style can be toggled per window by using 297 vidcontrol(1)'s -T flag. The TEKEN_CONS25 kernel configuration 298 options can be used to change the compile-time default back to 299 cons25. 300 301 To prevent graphical artifacts, make sure the TERM environment 302 variable is set to match the terminal emulation that is being 303 performed by syscons(4). 304 30520091109: 306 The layout of the structure ieee80211req_scan_result has changed. 307 Applications that require wireless scan results (e.g. ifconfig(8)) 308 from net80211 need to be recompiled. 309 310 Applications such as wpa_supplicant(8) may require a full world 311 build without using NO_CLEAN in order to get synchronized with the 312 new structure. 313 31420091025: 315 The iwn(4) driver has been updated to support the 5000 and 5150 series. 316 There's one kernel module for each firmware. Adding "device iwnfw" 317 to the kernel configuration file means including all three firmware 318 images inside the kernel. If you want to include just the one for 319 your wireless card, use the the devices iwn4965fw, iwn5000fw or 320 iwn5150fw. 321 32220090926: 323 The rc.d/network_ipv6, IPv6 configuration script has been integrated 324 into rc.d/netif. The changes are the following: 325 326 1. To use IPv6, simply define $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 like $ifconfig_IF 327 for IPv4. For aliases, $ifconfig_IF_aliasN should be used. 328 Note that both variables need the "inet6" keyword at the head. 329 330 Do not set $ipv6_network_interfaces manually if you do not 331 understand what you are doing. It is not needed in most cases. 332 333 $ipv6_ifconfig_IF and $ipv6_ifconfig_IF_aliasN still work, but 334 they are obsolete. 335 336 2. $ipv6_enable is obsolete. Use $ipv6_prefer and 337 "inet6 accept_rtadv" keyword in ifconfig(8) instead. 338 339 If you define $ipv6_enable=YES, it means $ipv6_prefer=YES and 340 all configured interfaces have "inet6 accept_rtadv" in the 341 $ifconfig_IF_ipv6. These are for backward compatibility. 342 343 3. A new variable $ipv6_prefer has been added. If NO, IPv6 344 functionality of interfaces with no corresponding 345 $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 is disabled by using "inet6 ifdisabled" flag, 346 and the default address selection policy of ip6addrctl(8) 347 is the IPv4-preferred one (see rc.d/ip6addrctl for more details). 348 Note that if you want to configure IPv6 functionality on the 349 disabled interfaces after boot, first you need to clear the flag by 350 using ifconfig(8) like: 351 352 ifconfig em0 inet6 -ifdisabled 353 354 If YES, the default address selection policy is set as 355 IPv6-preferred. 356 357 The default value of $ipv6_prefer is NO. 358 359 4. If your system need to receive Router Advertisement messages, 360 define "inet6 accept_rtadv" in $ifconfig_IF_ipv6. The rc(8) 361 scripts automatically invoke rtsol(8) when the interface becomes 362 UP. The Router Advertisement messages are used for SLAAC 363 (State-Less Address AutoConfiguration). 364 36520090922: 366 802.11s D3.03 support was committed. This is incompatible with the 367 previous code, which was based on D3.0. 368 36920090912: 370 A sysctl variable net.inet6.ip6.accept_rtadv now sets the default value 371 of a per-interface flag ND6_IFF_ACCEPT_RTADV, not a global knob to 372 control whether accepting Router Advertisement messages or not. 373 Also, a per-interface flag ND6_IFF_AUTO_LINKLOCAL has been added and 374 a sysctl variable net.inet6.ip6.auto_linklocal is its default value. 375 The ifconfig(8) utility now supports these flags. 376 37720090910: 378 ZFS snapshots are now mounted with MNT_IGNORE flag. Use -v option for 379 mount(8) and -a option for df(1) to see them. 380 38120090825: 382 The old tunable hw.bus.devctl_disable has been superseded by 383 hw.bus.devctl_queue. hw.bus.devctl_disable=1 in loader.conf should be 384 replaced by hw.bus.devctl_queue=0. The default for this new tunable 385 is 1000. 386 38720090813: 388 Remove the option STOP_NMI. The default action is now to use NMI only 389 for KDB via the newly introduced function stop_cpus_hard() and 390 maintain stop_cpus() to just use a normal IPI_STOP on ia32 and amd64. 391 39220090803: 393 The stable/8 branch created in subversion. This corresponds to the 394 RELENG_8 branch in CVS. 395 39620090719: 397 Bump the shared library version numbers for all libraries that do not 398 use symbol versioning as part of the 8.0-RELEASE cycle. Bump 399 __FreeBSD_version to 800105. 400 40120090714: 402 Due to changes in the implementation of virtual network stack support, 403 all network-related kernel modules must be recompiled. As this change 404 breaks the ABI, bump __FreeBSD_version to 800104. 405 40620090713: 407 The TOE interface to the TCP syncache has been modified to remove 408 struct tcpopt (<netinet/tcp_var.h>) from the ABI of the network stack. 409 The cxgb driver is the only TOE consumer affected by this change, and 410 needs to be recompiled along with the kernel. As this change breaks 411 the ABI, bump __FreeBSD_version to 800103. 412 41320090712: 414 Padding has been added to struct tcpcb, sackhint and tcpstat in 415 <netinet/tcp_var.h> to facilitate future MFCs and bug fixes whilst 416 maintaining the ABI. However, this change breaks the ABI, so bump 417 __FreeBSD_version to 800102. User space tools that rely on the size of 418 any of these structs (e.g. sockstat) need to be recompiled. 419 42020090630: 421 The NFS_LEGACYRPC option has been removed along with the old kernel 422 RPC implementation that this option selected. Kernel configurations 423 may need to be adjusted. 424 42520090629: 426 The network interface device nodes at /dev/net/<interface> have been 427 removed. All ioctl operations can be performed the normal way using 428 routing sockets. The kqueue functionality can generally be replaced 429 with routing sockets. 430 43120090628: 432 The documentation from the FreeBSD Documentation Project (Handbook, 433 FAQ, etc.) is now installed via packages by sysinstall(8) and under 434 the /usr/local/share/doc/freebsd directory instead of /usr/share/doc. 435 43620090624: 437 The ABI of various structures related to the SYSV IPC API have been 438 changed. As a result, the COMPAT_FREEBSD[456] and COMPAT_43 kernel 439 options now all require COMPAT_FREEBSD7. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 440 800100. 441 44220090622: 443 Layout of struct vnet has changed as routing related variables were 444 moved to their own Vimage module. Modules need to be recompiled. Bump 445 __FreeBSD_version to 800099. 446 44720090619: 448 NGROUPS_MAX and NGROUPS have been increased from 16 to 1023 and 1024 449 respectively. As long as no more than 16 groups per process are used, 450 no changes should be visible. When more than 16 groups are used, old 451 binaries may fail if they call getgroups() or getgrouplist() with 452 statically sized storage. Recompiling will work around this, but 453 applications should be modified to use dynamically allocated storage 454 for group arrays as POSIX.1-2008 does not cap an implementation's 455 number of supported groups at NGROUPS_MAX+1 as previous versions did. 456 457 NFS and portalfs mounts may also be affected as the list of groups is 458 truncated to 16. Users of NFS who use more than 16 groups, should 459 take care that negative group permissions are not used on the exported 460 file systems as they will not be reliable unless a GSSAPI based 461 authentication method is used. 462 46320090616: 464 The compiling option ADAPTIVE_LOCKMGRS has been introduced. This 465 option compiles in the support for adaptive spinning for lockmgrs 466 which want to enable it. The lockinit() function now accepts the flag 467 LK_ADAPTIVE in order to make the lock object subject to adaptive 468 spinning when both held in write and read mode. 469 47020090613: 471 The layout of the structure returned by IEEE80211_IOC_STA_INFO has 472 changed. User applications that use this ioctl need to be rebuilt. 473 47420090611: 475 The layout of struct thread has changed. Kernel and modules need to 476 be rebuilt. 477 47820090608: 479 The layout of structs ifnet, domain, protosw and vnet_net has changed. 480 Kernel modules need to be rebuilt. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800097. 481 48220090602: 483 window(1) has been removed from the base system. It can now be 484 installed from ports. The port is called misc/window. 485 48620090601: 487 The way we are storing and accessing `routing table' entries has 488 changed. Programs reading the FIB, like netstat, need to be 489 re-compiled. 490 49120090601: 492 A new netisr implementation has been added for FreeBSD 8. Network 493 file system modules, such as igmp, ipdivert, and others, should be 494 rebuilt. 495 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800096. 496 49720090530: 498 Remove the tunable/sysctl debug.mpsafevfs as its initial purpose is no 499 more valid. 500 50120090530: 502 Add VOP_ACCESSX(9). File system modules need to be rebuilt. 503 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800094. 504 50520090529: 506 Add mnt_xflag field to 'struct mount'. File system modules need to be 507 rebuilt. 508 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800093. 509 51020090528: 511 The compiling option ADAPTIVE_SX has been retired while it has been 512 introduced the option NO_ADAPTIVE_SX which handles the reversed logic. 513 The KPI for sx_init_flags() changes as accepting flags: 514 SX_ADAPTIVESPIN flag has been retired while the SX_NOADAPTIVE flag has 515 been introduced in order to handle the reversed logic. 516 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800092. 517 51820090527: 519 Add support for hierarchical jails. Remove global securelevel. 520 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800091. 521 52220090523: 523 The layout of struct vnet_net has changed, therefore modules 524 need to be rebuilt. 525 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800090. 526 52720090523: 528 The newly imported zic(8) produces a new format in the output. Please 529 run tzsetup(8) to install the newly created data to /etc/localtime. 530 53120090520: 532 The sysctl tree for the usb stack has renamed from hw.usb2.* to 533 hw.usb.* and is now consistent again with previous releases. 534 53520090520: 536 802.11 monitor mode support was revised and driver api's were changed. 537 Drivers dependent on net80211 now support DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO instead 538 of DLT_IEEE802_11. No user-visible data structures were changed but 539 applications that use DLT_IEEE802_11 may require changes. 540 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800088. 541 54220090430: 543 The layout of the following structs has changed: sysctl_oid, 544 socket, ifnet, inpcbinfo, tcpcb, syncache_head, vnet_inet, 545 vnet_inet6 and vnet_ipfw. Most modules need to be rebuild or 546 panics may be experienced. World rebuild is required for 547 correctly checking networking state from userland. 548 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800085. 549 55020090429: 551 MLDv2 and Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) have been merged 552 to the IPv6 stack. VIMAGE hooks are in but not yet used. 553 The implementation of SSM within FreeBSD's IPv6 stack closely 554 follows the IPv4 implementation. 555 556 For kernel developers: 557 558 * The most important changes are that the ip6_output() and 559 ip6_input() paths no longer take the IN6_MULTI_LOCK, 560 and this lock has been downgraded to a non-recursive mutex. 561 562 * As with the changes to the IPv4 stack to support SSM, filtering 563 of inbound multicast traffic must now be performed by transport 564 protocols within the IPv6 stack. This does not apply to TCP and 565 SCTP, however, it does apply to UDP in IPv6 and raw IPv6. 566 567 * The KPIs used by IPv6 multicast are similar to those used by 568 the IPv4 stack, with the following differences: 569 * im6o_mc_filter() is analogous to imo_multicast_filter(). 570 * The legacy KAME entry points in6_joingroup and in6_leavegroup() 571 are shimmed to in6_mc_join() and in6_mc_leave() respectively. 572 * IN6_LOOKUP_MULTI() has been deprecated and removed. 573 * IPv6 relies on MLD for the DAD mechanism. KAME's internal KPIs 574 for MLDv1 have an additional 'timer' argument which is used to 575 jitter the initial membership report for the solicited-node 576 multicast membership on-link. 577 * This is not strictly needed for MLDv2, which already jitters 578 its report transmissions. However, the 'timer' argument is 579 preserved in case MLDv1 is active on the interface. 580 581 * The KAME linked-list based IPv6 membership implementation has 582 been refactored to use a vector similar to that used by the IPv4 583 stack. 584 Code which maintains a list of its own multicast memberships 585 internally, e.g. carp, has been updated to reflect the new 586 semantics. 587 588 * There is a known Lock Order Reversal (LOR) due to in6_setscope() 589 acquiring the IF_AFDATA_LOCK and being called within ip6_output(). 590 Whilst MLDv2 tries to avoid this otherwise benign LOR, it is an 591 implementation constraint which needs to be addressed in HEAD. 592 593 For application developers: 594 595 * The changes are broadly similar to those made for the IPv4 596 stack. 597 598 * The use of IPv4 and IPv6 multicast socket options on the same 599 socket, using mapped addresses, HAS NOT been tested or supported. 600 601 * There are a number of issues with the implementation of various 602 IPv6 multicast APIs which need to be resolved in the API surface 603 before the implementation is fully compatible with KAME userland 604 use, and these are mostly to do with interface index treatment. 605 606 * The literature available discusses the use of either the delta / ASM 607 API with setsockopt(2)/getsockopt(2), or the full-state / ASM API 608 using setsourcefilter(3)/getsourcefilter(3). For more information 609 please refer to RFC 3768, 'Socket Interface Extensions for 610 Multicast Source Filters'. 611 612 * Applications which use the published RFC 3678 APIs should be fine. 613 614 For systems administrators: 615 616 * The mtest(8) utility has been refactored to support IPv6, in 617 addition to IPv4. Interface addresses are no longer accepted 618 as arguments, their names must be used instead. The utility 619 will map the interface name to its first IPv4 address as 620 returned by getifaddrs(3). 621 622 * The ifmcstat(8) utility has also been updated to print the MLDv2 623 endpoint state and source filter lists via sysctl(3). 624 625 * The net.inet6.ip6.mcast.loop sysctl may be tuned to 0 to disable 626 loopback of IPv6 multicast datagrams by default; it defaults to 1 627 to preserve the existing behaviour. Disabling multicast loopback is 628 recommended for optimal system performance. 629 630 * The IPv6 MROUTING code has been changed to examine this sysctl 631 instead of attempting to perform a group lookup before looping 632 back forwarded datagrams. 633 634 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800084. 635 63620090422: 637 Implement low-level Bluetooth HCI API. 638 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800083. 639 64020090419: 641 The layout of struct malloc_type, used by modules to register new 642 memory allocation types, has changed. Most modules will need to 643 be rebuilt or panics may be experienced. 644 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800081. 645 64620090415: 647 Anticipate overflowing inp_flags - add inp_flags2. 648 This changes most offsets in inpcb, so checking v4 connection 649 state will require a world rebuild. 650 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800080. 651 65220090415: 653 Add an llentry to struct route and struct route_in6. Modules 654 embedding a struct route will need to be recompiled. 655 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800079. 656 65720090414: 658 The size of rt_metrics_lite and by extension rtentry has changed. 659 Networking administration apps will need to be recompiled. 660 The route command now supports show as an alias for get, weighting 661 of routes, sticky and nostick flags to alter the behavior of stateful 662 load balancing. 663 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800078. 664 66520090408: 666 Do not use Giant for kbdmux(4) locking. This is wrong and 667 apparently causing more problems than it solves. This will 668 re-open the issue where interrupt handlers may race with 669 kbdmux(4) in polling mode. Typical symptoms include (but 670 not limited to) duplicated and/or missing characters when 671 low level console functions (such as gets) are used while 672 interrupts are enabled (for example geli password prompt, 673 mountroot prompt etc.). Disabling kbdmux(4) may help. 674 67520090407: 676 The size of structs vnet_net, vnet_inet and vnet_ipfw has changed; 677 kernel modules referencing any of the above need to be recompiled. 678 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800075. 679 68020090320: 681 GEOM_PART has become the default partition slicer for storage devices, 682 replacing GEOM_MBR, GEOM_BSD, GEOM_PC98 and GEOM_GPT slicers. It 683 introduces some changes: 684 685 MSDOS/EBR: the devices created from MSDOS extended partition entries 686 (EBR) can be named differently than with GEOM_MBR and are now symlinks 687 to devices with offset-based names. fstabs may need to be modified. 688 689 BSD: the "geometry does not match label" warning is harmless in most 690 cases but it points to problems in file system misalignment with 691 disk geometry. The "c" partition is now implicit, covers the whole 692 top-level drive and cannot be (mis)used by users. 693 694 General: Kernel dumps are now not allowed to be written to devices 695 whose partition types indicate they are meant to be used for file 696 systems (or, in case of MSDOS partitions, as something else than 697 the "386BSD" type). 698 699 Most of these changes date approximately from 200812. 700 70120090319: 702 The uscanner(4) driver has been removed from the kernel. This follows 703 Linux removing theirs in 2.6 and making libusb the default interface 704 (supported by sane). 705 70620090319: 707 The multicast forwarding code has been cleaned up. netstat(1) 708 only relies on KVM now for printing bandwidth upcall meters. 709 The IPv4 and IPv6 modules are split into ip_mroute_mod and 710 ip6_mroute_mod respectively. The config(5) options for statically 711 compiling this code remain the same, i.e. 'options MROUTING'. 712 71320090315: 714 Support for the IFF_NEEDSGIANT network interface flag has been 715 removed, which means that non-MPSAFE network device drivers are no 716 longer supported. In particular, if_ar, if_sr, and network device 717 drivers from the old (legacy) USB stack can no longer be built or 718 used. 719 72020090313: 721 POSIX.1 Native Language Support (NLS) has been enabled in libc and 722 a bunch of new language catalog files have also been added. 723 This means that some common libc messages are now localized and 724 they depend on the LC_MESSAGES environmental variable. 725 72620090313: 727 The k8temp(4) driver has been renamed to amdtemp(4) since 728 support for Family 10 and Family 11 CPU families was added. 729 73020090309: 731 IGMPv3 and Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) have been merged 732 to the IPv4 stack. VIMAGE hooks are in but not yet used. 733 734 For kernel developers, the most important changes are that the 735 ip_output() and ip_input() paths no longer take the IN_MULTI_LOCK(), 736 and this lock has been downgraded to a non-recursive mutex. 737 738 Transport protocols (UDP, Raw IP) are now responsible for filtering 739 inbound multicast traffic according to group membership and source 740 filters. The imo_multicast_filter() KPI exists for this purpose. 741 Transports which do not use multicast (SCTP, TCP) already reject 742 multicast by default. Forwarding and receive performance may improve 743 as a mutex acquisition is no longer needed in the ip_input() 744 low-level input path. in_addmulti() and in_delmulti() are shimmed 745 to new KPIs which exist to support SSM in-kernel. 746 747 For application developers, it is recommended that loopback of 748 multicast datagrams be disabled for best performance, as this 749 will still cause the lock to be taken for each looped-back 750 datagram transmission. The net.inet.ip.mcast.loop sysctl may 751 be tuned to 0 to disable loopback by default; it defaults to 1 752 to preserve the existing behaviour. 753 754 For systems administrators, to obtain best performance with 755 multicast reception and multiple groups, it is always recommended 756 that a card with a suitably precise hash filter is used. Hash 757 collisions will still result in the lock being taken within the 758 transport protocol input path to check group membership. 759 760 If deploying FreeBSD in an environment with IGMP snooping switches, 761 it is recommended that the net.inet.igmp.sendlocal sysctl remain 762 enabled; this forces 224.0.0.0/24 group membership to be announced 763 via IGMP. 764 765 The size of 'struct igmpstat' has changed; netstat needs to be 766 recompiled to reflect this. 767 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800070. 768 76920090309: 770 libusb20.so.1 is now installed as libusb.so.1 and the ports system 771 updated to use it. This requires a buildworld/installworld in order to 772 update the library and dependencies (usbconfig, etc). Its advisable to 773 rebuild all ports which uses libusb. More specific directions are given 774 in the ports collection UPDATING file. Any /etc/libmap.conf entries for 775 libusb are no longer required and can be removed. 776 77720090302: 778 A workaround is committed to allow the creation of System V shared 779 memory segment of size > 2 GB on the 64-bit architectures. 780 Due to a limitation of the existing ABI, the shm_segsz member 781 of the struct shmid_ds, returned by shmctl(IPC_STAT) call is 782 wrong for large segments. Note that limits must be explicitly 783 raised to allow such segments to be created. 784 78520090301: 786 The layout of struct ifnet has changed, requiring a rebuild of all 787 network device driver modules. 788 78920090227: 790 The /dev handling for the new USB stack has changed, a 791 buildworld/installworld is required for libusb20. 792 79320090223: 794 The new USB2 stack has now been permanently moved in and all kernel and 795 module names reverted to their previous values (eg, usb, ehci, ohci, 796 ums, ...). The old usb stack can be compiled in by prefixing the name 797 with the letter 'o', the old usb modules have been removed. 798 Updating entry 20090216 for xorg and 20090215 for libmap may still 799 apply. 800 80120090217: 802 The rc.conf(5) option if_up_delay has been renamed to 803 defaultroute_delay to better reflect its purpose. If you have 804 customized this setting in /etc/rc.conf you need to update it to 805 use the new name. 806 80720090216: 808 xorg 7.4 wants to configure its input devices via hald which does not 809 yet work with USB2. If the keyboard/mouse does not work in xorg then 810 add 811 Option "AllowEmptyInput" "off" 812 to your ServerLayout section. This will cause X to use the configured 813 kbd and mouse sections from your xorg.conf. 814 81520090215: 816 The GENERIC kernels for all architectures now default to the new USB2 817 stack. No kernel config options or code have been removed so if a 818 problem arises please report it and optionally revert to the old USB 819 stack. If you are loading USB kernel modules or have a custom kernel 820 that includes GENERIC then ensure that usb names are also changed over, 821 eg uftdi -> usb2_serial_ftdi. 822 823 Older programs linked against the ports libusb 0.1 need to be 824 redirected to the new stack's libusb20. /etc/libmap.conf can 825 be used for this: 826 # Map old usb library to new one for usb2 stack 827 libusb-0.1.so.8 libusb20.so.1 828 82920090209: 830 All USB ethernet devices now attach as interfaces under the name ueN 831 (eg. ue0). This is to provide a predictable name as vendors often 832 change usb chipsets in a product without notice. 833 83420090203: 835 The ichsmb(4) driver has been changed to require SMBus slave 836 addresses be left-justified (xxxxxxx0b) rather than right-justified. 837 All of the other SMBus controller drivers require left-justified 838 slave addresses, so this change makes all the drivers provide the 839 same interface. 840 84120090201: 842 INET6 statistics (struct ip6stat) was updated. 843 netstat(1) needs to be recompiled. 844 84520090119: 846 NTFS has been removed from GENERIC kernel on amd64 to match 847 GENERIC on i386. Should not cause any issues since mount_ntfs(8) 848 will load ntfs.ko module automatically when NTFS support is 849 actually needed, unless ntfs.ko is not installed or security 850 level prohibits loading kernel modules. If either is the case, 851 "options NTFS" has to be added into kernel config. 852 85320090115: 854 TCP Appropriate Byte Counting (RFC 3465) support added to kernel. 855 New field in struct tcpcb breaks ABI, so bump __FreeBSD_version to 856 800061. User space tools that rely on the size of struct tcpcb in 857 tcp_var.h (e.g. sockstat) need to be recompiled. 858 85920081225: 860 ng_tty(4) module updated to match the new TTY subsystem. 861 Due to API change, user-level applications must be updated. 862 New API support added to mpd5 CVS and expected to be present 863 in next mpd5.3 release. 864 86520081219: 866 With __FreeBSD_version 800060 the makefs tool is part of 867 the base system (it was a port). 868 86920081216: 870 The afdata and ifnet locks have been changed from mutexes to 871 rwlocks, network modules will need to be re-compiled. 872 87320081214: 874 __FreeBSD_version 800059 incorporates the new arp-v2 rewrite. 875 RTF_CLONING, RTF_LLINFO and RTF_WASCLONED flags are eliminated. 876 The new code reduced struct rtentry{} by 16 bytes on 32-bit 877 architecture and 40 bytes on 64-bit architecture. The userland 878 applications "arp" and "ndp" have been updated accordingly. 879 The output from "netstat -r" shows only routing entries and 880 none of the L2 information. 881 88220081130: 883 __FreeBSD_version 800057 marks the switchover from the 884 binary ath hal to source code. Users must add the line: 885 886 options AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 887 888 to their kernel config files when specifying: 889 890 device ath_hal 891 892 The ath_hal module no longer exists; the code is now compiled 893 together with the driver in the ath module. It is now 894 possible to tailor chip support (i.e. reduce the set of chips 895 and thereby the code size); consult ath_hal(4) for details. 896 89720081121: 898 __FreeBSD_version 800054 adds memory barriers to 899 <machine/atomic.h>, new interfaces to ifnet to facilitate 900 multiple hardware transmit queues for cards that support 901 them, and a lock-less ring-buffer implementation to 902 enable drivers to more efficiently manage queueing of 903 packets. 904 90520081117: 906 A new version of ZFS (version 13) has been merged to -HEAD. 907 This version has zpool attribute "listsnapshots" off by 908 default, which means "zfs list" does not show snapshots, 909 and is the same as Solaris behavior. 910 91120081028: 912 dummynet(4) ABI has changed. ipfw(8) needs to be recompiled. 913 91420081009: 915 The uhci, ohci, ehci and slhci USB Host controller drivers have 916 been put into separate modules. If you load the usb module 917 separately through loader.conf you will need to load the 918 appropriate *hci module as well. E.g. for a UHCI-based USB 2.0 919 controller add the following to loader.conf: 920 921 uhci_load="YES" 922 ehci_load="YES" 923 92420081009: 925 The ABI used by the PMC toolset has changed. Please keep 926 userland (libpmc(3)) and the kernel module (hwpmc(4)) in 927 sync. 928 92920081009: 930 atapci kernel module now includes only generic PCI ATA 931 driver. AHCI driver moved to ataahci kernel module. 932 All vendor-specific code moved into separate kernel modules: 933 ataacard, ataacerlabs, ataadaptec, ataamd, ataati, atacenatek, 934 atacypress, atacyrix, atahighpoint, ataintel, ataite, atajmicron, 935 atamarvell, atamicron, atanational, atanetcell, atanvidia, 936 atapromise, ataserverworks, atasiliconimage, atasis, atavia 937 93820080820: 939 The TTY subsystem of the kernel has been replaced by a new 940 implementation, which provides better scalability and an 941 improved driver model. Most common drivers have been migrated to 942 the new TTY subsystem, while others have not. The following 943 drivers have not yet been ported to the new TTY layer: 944 945 PCI/ISA: 946 cy, digi, rc, rp, sio 947 948 USB: 949 ubser, ucycom 950 951 Line disciplines: 952 ng_h4, ng_tty, ppp, sl, snp 953 954 Adding these drivers to your kernel configuration file shall 955 cause compilation to fail. 956 95720080818: 958 ntpd has been upgraded to 4.2.4p5. 959 96020080801: 961 OpenSSH has been upgraded to 5.1p1. 962 963 For many years, FreeBSD's version of OpenSSH preferred DSA 964 over RSA for host and user authentication keys. With this 965 upgrade, we've switched to the vendor's default of RSA over 966 DSA. This may cause upgraded clients to warn about unknown 967 host keys even for previously known hosts. Users should 968 follow the usual procedure for verifying host keys before 969 accepting the RSA key. 970 971 This can be circumvented by setting the "HostKeyAlgorithms" 972 option to "ssh-dss,ssh-rsa" in ~/.ssh/config or on the ssh 973 command line. 974 975 Please note that the sequence of keys offered for 976 authentication has been changed as well. You may want to 977 specify IdentityFile in a different order to revert this 978 behavior. 979 98020080713: 981 The sio(4) driver has been removed from the i386 and amd64 982 kernel configuration files. This means uart(4) is now the 983 default serial port driver on those platforms as well. 984 985 To prevent collisions with the sio(4) driver, the uart(4) driver 986 uses different names for its device nodes. This means the 987 onboard serial port will now most likely be called "ttyu0" 988 instead of "ttyd0". You may need to reconfigure applications to 989 use the new device names. 990 991 When using the serial port as a boot console, be sure to update 992 /boot/device.hints and /etc/ttys before booting the new kernel. 993 If you forget to do so, you can still manually specify the hints 994 at the loader prompt: 995 996 set hint.uart.0.at="isa" 997 set hint.uart.0.port="0x3F8" 998 set hint.uart.0.flags="0x10" 999 set hint.uart.0.irq="4" 1000 boot -s 1001 100220080609: 1003 The gpt(8) utility has been removed. Use gpart(8) to partition 1004 disks instead. 1005 100620080603: 1007 The version that Linuxulator emulates was changed from 2.4.2 1008 to 2.6.16. If you experience any problems with Linux binaries 1009 please try to set sysctl compat.linux.osrelease to 2.4.2 and 1010 if it fixes the problem contact emulation mailing list. 1011 101220080525: 1013 ISDN4BSD (I4B) was removed from the src tree. You may need to 1014 update a your kernel configuration and remove relevant entries. 1015 101620080509: 1017 I have checked in code to support multiple routing tables. 1018 See the man pages setfib(1) and setfib(2). 1019 This is a hopefully backwards compatible version, 1020 but to make use of it you need to compile your kernel 1021 with options ROUTETABLES=2 (or more up to 16). 1022 102320080420: 1024 The 802.11 wireless support was redone to enable multi-bss 1025 operation on devices that are capable. The underlying device 1026 is no longer used directly but instead wlanX devices are 1027 cloned with ifconfig. This requires changes to rc.conf files. 1028 For example, change: 1029 ifconfig_ath0="WPA DHCP" 1030 to 1031 wlans_ath0=wlan0 1032 ifconfig_wlan0="WPA DHCP" 1033 see rc.conf(5) for more details. In addition, mergemaster of 1034 /etc/rc.d is highly recommended. Simultaneous update of userland 1035 and kernel wouldn't hurt either. 1036 1037 As part of the multi-bss changes the wlan_scan_ap and wlan_scan_sta 1038 modules were merged into the base wlan module. All references 1039 to these modules (e.g. in kernel config files) must be removed. 1040 104120080408: 1042 psm(4) has gained write(2) support in native operation level. 1043 Arbitrary commands can be written to /dev/psm%d and status can 1044 be read back from it. Therefore, an application is responsible 1045 for status validation and error recovery. It is a no-op in 1046 other operation levels. 1047 104820080312: 1049 Support for KSE threading has been removed from the kernel. To 1050 run legacy applications linked against KSE libmap.conf may 1051 be used. The following libmap.conf may be used to ensure 1052 compatibility with any prior release: 1053 1054 libpthread.so.1 libthr.so.1 1055 libpthread.so.2 libthr.so.2 1056 libkse.so.3 libthr.so.3 1057 105820080301: 1059 The layout of struct vmspace has changed. This affects libkvm 1060 and any executables that link against libkvm and use the 1061 kvm_getprocs() function. In particular, but not exclusively, 1062 it affects ps(1), fstat(1), pkill(1), systat(1), top(1) and w(1). 1063 The effects are minimal, but it's advisable to upgrade world 1064 nonetheless. 1065 106620080229: 1067 The latest em driver no longer has support in it for the 1068 82575 adapter, this is now moved to the igb driver. The 1069 split was done to make new features that are incompatible 1070 with older hardware easier to do. 1071 107220080220: 1073 The new geom_lvm(4) geom class has been renamed to geom_linux_lvm(4), 1074 likewise the kernel option is now GEOM_LINUX_LVM. 1075 107620080211: 1077 The default NFS mount mode has changed from UDP to TCP for 1078 increased reliability. If you rely on (insecurely) NFS 1079 mounting across a firewall you may need to update your 1080 firewall rules. 1081 108220080208: 1083 Belatedly note the addition of m_collapse for compacting 1084 mbuf chains. 1085 108620080126: 1087 The fts(3) structures have been changed to use adequate 1088 integer types for their members and so to be able to cope 1089 with huge file trees. The old fts(3) ABI is preserved 1090 through symbol versioning in libc, so third-party binaries 1091 using fts(3) should still work, although they will not take 1092 advantage of the extended types. At the same time, some 1093 third-party software might fail to build after this change 1094 due to unportable assumptions made in its source code about 1095 fts(3) structure members. Such software should be fixed 1096 by its vendor or, in the worst case, in the ports tree. 1097 FreeBSD_version 800015 marks this change for the unlikely 1098 case that a portable fix is impossible. 1099 110020080123: 1101 To upgrade to -current after this date, you must be running 1102 FreeBSD not older than 6.0-RELEASE. Upgrading to -current 1103 from 5.x now requires a stop over at RELENG_6 or RELENG_7 systems. 1104 110520071128: 1106 The ADAPTIVE_GIANT kernel option has been retired because its 1107 functionality is the default now. 1108 110920071118: 1110 The AT keyboard emulation of sunkbd(4) has been turned on 1111 by default. In order to make the special symbols of the Sun 1112 keyboards driven by sunkbd(4) work under X these now have 1113 to be configured the same way as Sun USB keyboards driven 1114 by ukbd(4) (which also does AT keyboard emulation), f.e.: 1115 1116 Option "XkbLayout" "us" 1117 Option "XkbRules" "xorg" 1118 Option "XkbSymbols" "pc(pc105)+sun_vndr/usb(sun_usb)+us" 1119 112020071024: 1121 It has been decided that it is desirable to provide ABI 1122 backwards compatibility to the FreeBSD 4/5/6 versions of the 1123 PCIOCGETCONF, PCIOCREAD and PCIOCWRITE IOCTLs, which was 1124 broken with the introduction of PCI domain support (see the 1125 20070930 entry). Unfortunately, this required the ABI of 1126 PCIOCGETCONF to be broken again in order to be able to 1127 provide backwards compatibility to the old version of that 1128 IOCTL. Thus consumers of PCIOCGETCONF have to be recompiled 1129 again. As for prominent ports this affects neither pciutils 1130 nor xorg-server this time, the hal port needs to be rebuilt 1131 however. 1132 113320071020: 1134 The misnamed kthread_create() and friends have been renamed 1135 to kproc_create() etc. Many of the callers already 1136 used kproc_start().. 1137 I will return kthread_create() and friends in a while 1138 with implementations that actually create threads, not procs. 1139 Renaming corresponds with version 800002. 1140 114120071010: 1142 RELENG_7 branched. 1143 1144COMMON ITEMS: 1145 1146 General Notes 1147 ------------- 1148 Avoid using make -j when upgrading. While generally safe, there are 1149 sometimes problems using -j to upgrade. If your upgrade fails with 1150 -j, please try again without -j. From time to time in the past there 1151 have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or installworld. This 1152 is especially true when upgrading between "distant" versions (eg one 1153 that cross a major release boundary or several minor releases, or when 1154 several months have passed on the -current branch). 1155 1156 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment 1157 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its 1158 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run 1159 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make 1160 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details. 1161 1162 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best 1163 to upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, 1164 then do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade 1165 path, and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try 1166 this approach before reporting problems with a major version upgrade. 1167 1168 ZFS notes 1169 --------- 1170 When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow 1171 these two steps: 1172 1173 1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block 1174 (this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld") 1175 1176 2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive 1177 1178 The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the first 1179 partition (freebsd-boot) of a GPT partitioned drive ad0: 1180 "gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ad0" 1181 1182 Non-boot pools do not need these updates. 1183 1184 To build a kernel 1185 ----------------- 1186 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just 1187 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most 1188 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld, 1189 1190 make kernel-toolchain 1191 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1192 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1193 1194 To test a kernel once 1195 --------------------- 1196 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure 1197 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide 1198 debugging information) run 1199 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel 1200 nextboot -k testkernel 1201 1202 To just build a kernel when you know that it won't mess you up 1203 -------------------------------------------------------------- 1204 This assumes you are already running a CURRENT system. Replace 1205 ${arch} with the architecture of your machine (e.g. "i386", 1206 "arm", "amd64", "ia64", "pc98", "sparc64", "powerpc", "mips", etc). 1207 1208 cd src/sys/${arch}/conf 1209 config KERNEL_NAME_HERE 1210 cd ../compile/KERNEL_NAME_HERE 1211 make depend 1212 make 1213 make install 1214 1215 If this fails, go to the "To build a kernel" section. 1216 1217 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system. 1218 ----------------------------------------------------------- 1219 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than 1220 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current. 1221 1222 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 1223 make buildworld 1224 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1225 [1] 1226 <reboot in single user> [3] 1227 mergemaster -p [5] 1228 make installworld 1229 mergemaster -i [4] 1230 make delete-old [6] 1231 <reboot> 1232 1233 1234 To cross-install current onto a separate partition 1235 -------------------------------------------------- 1236 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold 1237 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition 1238 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in 1239 # size. 1240 1241 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 1242 <boot into -stable> 1243 make buildworld 1244 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1245 <maybe newfs current's root partition> 1246 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}> 1247 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 1248 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd 1249 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 1250 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd 1251 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition> 1252 <reboot into current> 1253 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section> 1254 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*> 1255 <reboot> 1256 1257 1258 To upgrade in-place from 8.x-stable to current 1259 ---------------------------------------------- 1260 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 1261 make buildworld [9] 1262 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8] 1263 [1] 1264 <reboot in single user> [3] 1265 mergemaster -p [5] 1266 make installworld 1267 mergemaster -i [4] 1268 make delete-old [6] 1269 <reboot> 1270 1271 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the 1272 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life 1273 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own 1274 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of 1275 the UPDATING entries. 1276 1277 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to 1278 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update 1279 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent 1280 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has 1281 much fewer pitfalls. 1282 1283 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you 1284 should disable them at this point so they don't crash your 1285 system on reboot. 1286 1287 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do 1288 fsck -p 1289 mount -u / 1290 mount -a 1291 cd src 1292 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time 1293 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that 1294 you boot into single user mode to do the installworld. 1295 1296 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step 1297 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the 1298 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those 1299 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well 1300 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists 1301 for potential gotchas. The -U option is also useful to consider. 1302 See mergemaster(8) for more information. 1303 1304 [5] Usually this step is a noop. However, from time to time 1305 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following 1306 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to 1307 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make 1308 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated 1309 from current before 20020224 or from -stable before 20020408. 1310 1311 [6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries 1312 can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make 1313 sure that no program is using those libraries anymore. 1314 1315 [8] In order to have a kernel that can run the 4.x binaries needed to 1316 do an installworld, you must include the COMPAT_FREEBSD4 option in 1317 your kernel. Failure to do so may leave you with a system that is 1318 hard to boot to recover. A similar kernel option COMPAT_FREEBSD5 is 1319 required to run the 5.x binaries on more recent kernels. And so on 1320 for COMPAT_FREEBSD6 and COMPAT_FREEBSD7. 1321 1322 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the 1323 last time you updated your kernel config file. 1324 1325 [9] When checking out sources, you must include the -P flag to have 1326 cvs prune empty directories. 1327 1328 If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the 1329 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can 1330 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to. 1331 1332 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and 1333 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will 1334 warn if it is improperly defined. 1335FORMAT: 1336 1337This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major 1338breakages in tracking -current. Not all things will be listed here, 1339and it only starts on October 16, 2004. Updating files can found in 1340previous releases if your system is older than this. 1341 1342Copyright information: 1343 1344Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh. All Rights Reserved. 1345 1346Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without 1347modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this 1348document are permitted without further permission from the author. 1349 1350THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 1351IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 1352WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE 1353DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, 1354INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES 1355(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR 1356SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 1357HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, 1358STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING 1359IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 1360POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 1361 1362Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of 1363this document. 1364 1365$FreeBSD: head/UPDATING 220980 2011-04-24 00:06:56Z rmacklem $ 1366