UPDATING revision 220770
1Updating Information for FreeBSD current users 2 3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>. 4See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the 5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you 6basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD 7handbook. 8 9Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in 10/usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before running portupgrade. 11 12NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 9.x IS SLOW: 13 FreeBSD 9.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel 14 and userland. These features attempt to detect incorrect use of 15 system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity 16 checking and fail stop semantics. They also substantially impact 17 system performance. If you want to do performance measurement, 18 benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off. This 19 includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc 20 debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the 21 kernel. Many developers choose to disable these features on build 22 machines to maximize performance. (To disable malloc debugging, run 23 ln -s aj /etc/malloc.conf.) 24 2520110418: 26 The GNU Objective-C runtime library (libobjc), and other Objective-C 27 related components have been removed from the base system. If you 28 require an Objective-C library, please use one of the available ports. 29 3020110331: 31 ath(4) has been split into bus- and device- modules. if_ath contains 32 the HAL, the TX rate control and the network device code. if_ath_pci 33 contains the PCI bus glue. For Atheros MIPS embedded systems, if_ath_ahb 34 contains the AHB glue. Users need to load both if_ath_pci and if_ath 35 in order to use ath on everything else. 36 37 TO REPEAT: if_ath_ahb is not needed for normal users. Normal users only 38 need to load if_ath and if_ath_pci for ath(4) operation. 39 4020110314: 41 As part of the replacement of sysinstall, the process of building 42 release media has changed significantly. For details, please re-read 43 release(7), which has been updated to reflect the new build process. 44 4520110218: 46 GNU binutils 2.17.50 (as of 2007-07-03) has been merged to -HEAD. This 47 is the last available version under GPLv2. It brings a number of new 48 features, such as support for newer x86 CPU's (with SSE-3, SSSE-3, SSE 49 4.1 and SSE 4.2), better support for powerpc64, a number of new 50 directives, and lots of other small improvements. See the ChangeLog 51 file in contrib/binutils for the full details. 52 5320110218: 54 IPsec's HMAC_SHA256-512 support has been fixed to be RFC4868 55 compliant, and will now use half of hash for authentication. 56 This will break interoperability with all stacks (including all 57 actual FreeBSD versions) who implement 58 draft-ietf-ipsec-ciph-sha-256-00 (they use 96 bits of hash for 59 authentication). 60 The only workaround with such peers is to use another HMAC 61 algorithm for IPsec ("phase 2") authentication. 62 6320110207: 64 Remove the uio_yield prototype and symbol. This function has 65 been misnamed since it was introduced and should not be 66 globally exposed with this name. The equivalent functionality 67 is now available using kern_yield(curthread->td_user_pri). 68 The function remains undocumented. 69 7020110112: 71 A SYSCTL_[ADD_]UQUAD was added for unsigned uint64_t pointers, 72 symmetric with the existing SYSCTL_[ADD_]QUAD. Type checking 73 for scalar sysctls is defined but disabled. Code that needs 74 UQUAD to pass the type checking that must compile on older 75 systems where the define is not present can check against 76 __FreeBSD_version >= 900030. 77 78 The system dialog(1) has been replaced with a new version previously 79 in ports as devel/cdialog. dialog(1) is mostly command-line compatible 80 with the previous version, but the libdialog associated with it has 81 a largely incompatible API. As such, the original version of libdialog 82 will be kept temporarily as libodialog, until its base system consumers 83 are replaced or updated. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900030. 84 8520110103: 86 If you are trying to run make universe on a -stable system, and you get 87 the following warning: 88 "Makefile", line 356: "Target architecture for i386/conf/GENERIC 89 unknown. config(8) likely too old." 90 or something similar to it, then you must upgrade your -stable system 91 to 8.2-Release or newer (really, any time after r210146 7/15/2010 in 92 stable/8) or build the config from the latest stable/8 branch and 93 install it on your system. 94 95 Prior to this date, building a current universe on 8-stable system from 96 between 7/15/2010 and 1/2/2011 would result in a weird shell parsing 97 error in the first kernel build phase. A new config on those old 98 systems will fix that problem for older versions of -current. 99 10020101228: 101 The TCP stack has been modified to allow Khelp modules to interact with 102 it via helper hook points and store per-connection data in the TCP 103 control block. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900029. User space tools that 104 rely on the size of struct tcpcb in tcp_var.h (e.g. sockstat) need to 105 be recompiled. 106 10720101114: 108 Generic IEEE 802.3 annex 31B full duplex flow control support has been 109 added to mii(4) and bge(4), bce(4), msk(4), nfe(4) and stge(4) along 110 with brgphy(4), e1000phy(4) as well as ip1000phy() have been converted 111 to take advantage of it instead of using custom implementations. This 112 means that these drivers now no longer unconditionally advertise 113 support for flow control but only do so if flow control is a selected 114 media option. This was implemented in the generic support that way in 115 order to allow flow control to be switched on and off via ifconfig(8) 116 with the PHY specific default to typically off in order to protect 117 from unwanted effects. Consequently, if you used flow control with 118 one of the above mentioned drivers you now need to explicitly enable 119 it, for example via: 120 ifconfig bge0 media auto mediaopt flowcontrol 121 122 Along with the above mentioned changes generic support for setting 123 1000baseT master mode also has been added and brgphy(4), ciphy(4), 124 e1000phy(4) as well as ip1000phy(4) have been converted to take 125 advantage of it. This means that these drivers now no longer take the 126 link0 parameter for selecting master mode but the master media option 127 has to be used instead, for example like in the following: 128 ifconfig bge0 media 1000baseT mediaopt full-duplex,master 129 130 Selection of master mode now is also available with all other PHY 131 drivers supporting 1000baseT. 132 13320101111: 134 The TCP stack has received a significant update to add support for 135 modularised congestion control and generally improve the clarity of 136 congestion control decisions. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900025. User 137 space tools that rely on the size of struct tcpcb in tcp_var.h (e.g. 138 sockstat) need to be recompiled. 139 14020101002: 141 The man(1) utility has been replaced by a new version that no longer 142 uses /etc/manpath.config. Please consult man.conf(5) for how to 143 migrate local entries to the new format. 144 14520100928: 146 The copyright strings printed by login(1) and sshd(8) at the time of a 147 new connection have been removed to follow other operating systems and 148 upstream sshd. 149 15020100915: 151 A workaround for a fixed ld bug has been removed in kernel code, 152 so make sure that your system ld is built from sources after 153 revision 210245 from 2010-07-19 (r211583 if building head kernel 154 on stable/8, r211584 for stable/7; both from 2010-08-21). 155 A symptom of incorrect ld version is different addresses for 156 set_pcpu section and __start_set_pcpu symbol in kernel and/or modules. 157 15820100913: 159 The $ipv6_prefer variable in rc.conf(5) has been split into 160 $ip6addrctl_policy and $ipv6_activate_all_interfaces. 161 162 The $ip6addrctl_policy is a variable to choose a pre-defined 163 address selection policy set by ip6addrctl(8). A value 164 "ipv4_prefer", "ipv6_prefer" or "AUTO" can be specified. The 165 default is "AUTO". 166 167 The $ipv6_activate_all_interfaces specifies whether IFDISABLED 168 flag (see an entry of 20090926) is set on an interface with no 169 corresponding $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 line. The default is "NO" for 170 security reason. If you want IPv6 link-local address on all 171 interfaces by default, set this to "YES". 172 173 The old ipv6_prefer="YES" is equivalent to 174 ipv6_activate_all_interfaces="YES" and 175 ip6addrctl_policy="ipv6_prefer". 176 17720100913: 178 DTrace has grown support for userland tracing. Due to this, DTrace is 179 now i386 and amd64 only. 180 dtruss(1) is now installed by default on those systems and a new 181 kernel module is needed for userland tracing: fasttrap. 182 No changes to your kernel config file are necessary to enable 183 userland tracing, but you might consider adding 'STRIP=' and 184 'CFLAGS+=-fno-omit-frame-pointer' to your make.conf if you want 185 to have informative userland stack traces in DTrace (ustack). 186 18720100725: 188 The acpi_aiboost(4) driver has been removed in favor of the new 189 aibs(4) driver. You should update your kernel configuration file. 190 19120100722: 192 BSD grep has been imported to the base system and it is built by 193 default. It is completely BSD licensed, highly GNU-compatible, uses 194 less memory than its GNU counterpart and has a small codebase. 195 However, it is slower than its GNU counterpart, which is mostly 196 noticeable for larger searches, for smaller ones it is measurable 197 but not significant. The reason is complex, the most important factor 198 is that we lack a modern and efficient regex library and GNU 199 overcomes this by optimizing the searches internally. Future work 200 on improving the regex performance is planned, for the meantime, 201 users that need better performance, can build GNU grep instead by 202 setting the WITH_GNU_GREP knob. 203 20420100713: 205 Due to the import of powerpc64 support, all existing powerpc kernel 206 configuration files must be updated with a machine directive like this: 207 machine powerpc powerpc 208 209 In addition, an updated config(8) is required to build powerpc kernels 210 after this change. 211 21220100713: 213 A new version of ZFS (version 15) has been merged to -HEAD. 214 This version uses a python library for the following subcommands: 215 zfs allow, zfs unallow, zfs groupspace, zfs userspace. 216 For full functionality of these commands the following port must 217 be installed: sysutils/py-zfs 218 21920100429: 220 'vm_page's are now hashed by physical address to an array of mutexes. 221 Currently this is only used to serialize access to hold_count. Over 222 time the page queue mutex will be peeled away. This changes the size 223 of pmap on every architecture. And requires all callers of vm_page_hold 224 and vm_page_unhold to be updated. 225 22620100402: 227 WITH_CTF can now be specified in src.conf (not recommended, there 228 are some problems with static executables), make.conf (would also 229 affect ports which do not use GNU make and do not override the 230 compile targets) or in the kernel config (via "makeoptions 231 WITH_CTF=yes"). 232 When WITH_CTF was specified there before this was silently ignored, 233 so make sure that WITH_CTF is not used in places which could lead 234 to unwanted behavior. 235 23620100311: 237 The kernel option COMPAT_IA32 has been replaced with COMPAT_FREEBSD32 238 to allow 32-bit compatibility on non-x86 platforms. All kernel 239 configurations on amd64 and ia64 platforms using these options must 240 be modified accordingly. 241 24220100113: 243 The utmp user accounting database has been replaced with utmpx, 244 the user accounting interface standardized by POSIX. 245 Unfortunately the semantics of utmp and utmpx don't match, 246 making it practically impossible to support both interfaces. 247 The user accounting database is used by tools like finger(1), 248 last(1), talk(1), w(1) and ac(8). 249 250 All applications in the base system use utmpx. This means only 251 local binaries (e.g. from the ports tree) may still use these 252 utmp database files. These applications must be rebuilt to make 253 use of utmpx. 254 255 After the system has been upgraded, it is safe to remove the old 256 log files (/var/run/utmp, /var/log/lastlog and /var/log/wtmp*), 257 assuming their contents is of no importance anymore. Old wtmp 258 databases can only be used by last(1) and ac(8) after they have 259 been converted to the new format using wtmpcvt(1). 260 26120100108: 262 Introduce the kernel thread "deadlock resolver" (which can be enabled 263 via the DEADLKRES option, see NOTES for more details) and the 264 sleepq_type() function for sleepqueues. 265 26620091202: 267 The rc.firewall and rc.firewall6 were unified, and 268 rc.firewall6 and rc.d/ip6fw were removed. 269 According to the removal of rc.d/ip6fw, ipv6_firewall_* rc 270 variables are obsoleted. Instead, the following new rc 271 variables are added to rc.d/ipfw: 272 273 firewall_client_net_ipv6, firewall_simple_iif_ipv6, 274 firewall_simple_inet_ipv6, firewall_simple_oif_ipv6, 275 firewall_simple_onet_ipv6, firewall_trusted_ipv6 276 277 The meanings correspond to the relevant IPv4 variables. 278 27920091125: 280 8.0-RELEASE. 281 28220091113: 283 The default terminal emulation for syscons(4) has been changed 284 from cons25 to xterm on all platforms except pc98. This means 285 that the /etc/ttys file needs to be updated to ensure correct 286 operation of applications on the console. 287 288 The terminal emulation style can be toggled per window by using 289 vidcontrol(1)'s -T flag. The TEKEN_CONS25 kernel configuration 290 options can be used to change the compile-time default back to 291 cons25. 292 293 To prevent graphical artifacts, make sure the TERM environment 294 variable is set to match the terminal emulation that is being 295 performed by syscons(4). 296 29720091109: 298 The layout of the structure ieee80211req_scan_result has changed. 299 Applications that require wireless scan results (e.g. ifconfig(8)) 300 from net80211 need to be recompiled. 301 302 Applications such as wpa_supplicant(8) may require a full world 303 build without using NO_CLEAN in order to get synchronized with the 304 new structure. 305 30620091025: 307 The iwn(4) driver has been updated to support the 5000 and 5150 series. 308 There's one kernel module for each firmware. Adding "device iwnfw" 309 to the kernel configuration file means including all three firmware 310 images inside the kernel. If you want to include just the one for 311 your wireless card, use the the devices iwn4965fw, iwn5000fw or 312 iwn5150fw. 313 31420090926: 315 The rc.d/network_ipv6, IPv6 configuration script has been integrated 316 into rc.d/netif. The changes are the following: 317 318 1. To use IPv6, simply define $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 like $ifconfig_IF 319 for IPv4. For aliases, $ifconfig_IF_aliasN should be used. 320 Note that both variables need the "inet6" keyword at the head. 321 322 Do not set $ipv6_network_interfaces manually if you do not 323 understand what you are doing. It is not needed in most cases. 324 325 $ipv6_ifconfig_IF and $ipv6_ifconfig_IF_aliasN still work, but 326 they are obsolete. 327 328 2. $ipv6_enable is obsolete. Use $ipv6_prefer and 329 "inet6 accept_rtadv" keyword in ifconfig(8) instead. 330 331 If you define $ipv6_enable=YES, it means $ipv6_prefer=YES and 332 all configured interfaces have "inet6 accept_rtadv" in the 333 $ifconfig_IF_ipv6. These are for backward compatibility. 334 335 3. A new variable $ipv6_prefer has been added. If NO, IPv6 336 functionality of interfaces with no corresponding 337 $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 is disabled by using "inet6 ifdisabled" flag, 338 and the default address selection policy of ip6addrctl(8) 339 is the IPv4-preferred one (see rc.d/ip6addrctl for more details). 340 Note that if you want to configure IPv6 functionality on the 341 disabled interfaces after boot, first you need to clear the flag by 342 using ifconfig(8) like: 343 344 ifconfig em0 inet6 -ifdisabled 345 346 If YES, the default address selection policy is set as 347 IPv6-preferred. 348 349 The default value of $ipv6_prefer is NO. 350 351 4. If your system need to receive Router Advertisement messages, 352 define "inet6 accept_rtadv" in $ifconfig_IF_ipv6. The rc(8) 353 scripts automatically invoke rtsol(8) when the interface becomes 354 UP. The Router Advertisement messages are used for SLAAC 355 (State-Less Address AutoConfiguration). 356 35720090922: 358 802.11s D3.03 support was committed. This is incompatible with the 359 previous code, which was based on D3.0. 360 36120090912: 362 A sysctl variable net.inet6.ip6.accept_rtadv now sets the default value 363 of a per-interface flag ND6_IFF_ACCEPT_RTADV, not a global knob to 364 control whether accepting Router Advertisement messages or not. 365 Also, a per-interface flag ND6_IFF_AUTO_LINKLOCAL has been added and 366 a sysctl variable net.inet6.ip6.auto_linklocal is its default value. 367 The ifconfig(8) utility now supports these flags. 368 36920090910: 370 ZFS snapshots are now mounted with MNT_IGNORE flag. Use -v option for 371 mount(8) and -a option for df(1) to see them. 372 37320090825: 374 The old tunable hw.bus.devctl_disable has been superseded by 375 hw.bus.devctl_queue. hw.bus.devctl_disable=1 in loader.conf should be 376 replaced by hw.bus.devctl_queue=0. The default for this new tunable 377 is 1000. 378 37920090813: 380 Remove the option STOP_NMI. The default action is now to use NMI only 381 for KDB via the newly introduced function stop_cpus_hard() and 382 maintain stop_cpus() to just use a normal IPI_STOP on ia32 and amd64. 383 38420090803: 385 The stable/8 branch created in subversion. This corresponds to the 386 RELENG_8 branch in CVS. 387 38820090719: 389 Bump the shared library version numbers for all libraries that do not 390 use symbol versioning as part of the 8.0-RELEASE cycle. Bump 391 __FreeBSD_version to 800105. 392 39320090714: 394 Due to changes in the implementation of virtual network stack support, 395 all network-related kernel modules must be recompiled. As this change 396 breaks the ABI, bump __FreeBSD_version to 800104. 397 39820090713: 399 The TOE interface to the TCP syncache has been modified to remove 400 struct tcpopt (<netinet/tcp_var.h>) from the ABI of the network stack. 401 The cxgb driver is the only TOE consumer affected by this change, and 402 needs to be recompiled along with the kernel. As this change breaks 403 the ABI, bump __FreeBSD_version to 800103. 404 40520090712: 406 Padding has been added to struct tcpcb, sackhint and tcpstat in 407 <netinet/tcp_var.h> to facilitate future MFCs and bug fixes whilst 408 maintaining the ABI. However, this change breaks the ABI, so bump 409 __FreeBSD_version to 800102. User space tools that rely on the size of 410 any of these structs (e.g. sockstat) need to be recompiled. 411 41220090630: 413 The NFS_LEGACYRPC option has been removed along with the old kernel 414 RPC implementation that this option selected. Kernel configurations 415 may need to be adjusted. 416 41720090629: 418 The network interface device nodes at /dev/net/<interface> have been 419 removed. All ioctl operations can be performed the normal way using 420 routing sockets. The kqueue functionality can generally be replaced 421 with routing sockets. 422 42320090628: 424 The documentation from the FreeBSD Documentation Project (Handbook, 425 FAQ, etc.) is now installed via packages by sysinstall(8) and under 426 the /usr/local/share/doc/freebsd directory instead of /usr/share/doc. 427 42820090624: 429 The ABI of various structures related to the SYSV IPC API have been 430 changed. As a result, the COMPAT_FREEBSD[456] and COMPAT_43 kernel 431 options now all require COMPAT_FREEBSD7. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 432 800100. 433 43420090622: 435 Layout of struct vnet has changed as routing related variables were 436 moved to their own Vimage module. Modules need to be recompiled. Bump 437 __FreeBSD_version to 800099. 438 43920090619: 440 NGROUPS_MAX and NGROUPS have been increased from 16 to 1023 and 1024 441 respectively. As long as no more than 16 groups per process are used, 442 no changes should be visible. When more than 16 groups are used, old 443 binaries may fail if they call getgroups() or getgrouplist() with 444 statically sized storage. Recompiling will work around this, but 445 applications should be modified to use dynamically allocated storage 446 for group arrays as POSIX.1-2008 does not cap an implementation's 447 number of supported groups at NGROUPS_MAX+1 as previous versions did. 448 449 NFS and portalfs mounts may also be affected as the list of groups is 450 truncated to 16. Users of NFS who use more than 16 groups, should 451 take care that negative group permissions are not used on the exported 452 file systems as they will not be reliable unless a GSSAPI based 453 authentication method is used. 454 45520090616: 456 The compiling option ADAPTIVE_LOCKMGRS has been introduced. This 457 option compiles in the support for adaptive spinning for lockmgrs 458 which want to enable it. The lockinit() function now accepts the flag 459 LK_ADAPTIVE in order to make the lock object subject to adaptive 460 spinning when both held in write and read mode. 461 46220090613: 463 The layout of the structure returned by IEEE80211_IOC_STA_INFO has 464 changed. User applications that use this ioctl need to be rebuilt. 465 46620090611: 467 The layout of struct thread has changed. Kernel and modules need to 468 be rebuilt. 469 47020090608: 471 The layout of structs ifnet, domain, protosw and vnet_net has changed. 472 Kernel modules need to be rebuilt. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800097. 473 47420090602: 475 window(1) has been removed from the base system. It can now be 476 installed from ports. The port is called misc/window. 477 47820090601: 479 The way we are storing and accessing `routing table' entries has 480 changed. Programs reading the FIB, like netstat, need to be 481 re-compiled. 482 48320090601: 484 A new netisr implementation has been added for FreeBSD 8. Network 485 file system modules, such as igmp, ipdivert, and others, should be 486 rebuilt. 487 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800096. 488 48920090530: 490 Remove the tunable/sysctl debug.mpsafevfs as its initial purpose is no 491 more valid. 492 49320090530: 494 Add VOP_ACCESSX(9). File system modules need to be rebuilt. 495 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800094. 496 49720090529: 498 Add mnt_xflag field to 'struct mount'. File system modules need to be 499 rebuilt. 500 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800093. 501 50220090528: 503 The compiling option ADAPTIVE_SX has been retired while it has been 504 introduced the option NO_ADAPTIVE_SX which handles the reversed logic. 505 The KPI for sx_init_flags() changes as accepting flags: 506 SX_ADAPTIVESPIN flag has been retired while the SX_NOADAPTIVE flag has 507 been introduced in order to handle the reversed logic. 508 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800092. 509 51020090527: 511 Add support for hierarchical jails. Remove global securelevel. 512 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800091. 513 51420090523: 515 The layout of struct vnet_net has changed, therefore modules 516 need to be rebuilt. 517 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800090. 518 51920090523: 520 The newly imported zic(8) produces a new format in the output. Please 521 run tzsetup(8) to install the newly created data to /etc/localtime. 522 52320090520: 524 The sysctl tree for the usb stack has renamed from hw.usb2.* to 525 hw.usb.* and is now consistent again with previous releases. 526 52720090520: 528 802.11 monitor mode support was revised and driver api's were changed. 529 Drivers dependent on net80211 now support DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO instead 530 of DLT_IEEE802_11. No user-visible data structures were changed but 531 applications that use DLT_IEEE802_11 may require changes. 532 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800088. 533 53420090430: 535 The layout of the following structs has changed: sysctl_oid, 536 socket, ifnet, inpcbinfo, tcpcb, syncache_head, vnet_inet, 537 vnet_inet6 and vnet_ipfw. Most modules need to be rebuild or 538 panics may be experienced. World rebuild is required for 539 correctly checking networking state from userland. 540 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800085. 541 54220090429: 543 MLDv2 and Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) have been merged 544 to the IPv6 stack. VIMAGE hooks are in but not yet used. 545 The implementation of SSM within FreeBSD's IPv6 stack closely 546 follows the IPv4 implementation. 547 548 For kernel developers: 549 550 * The most important changes are that the ip6_output() and 551 ip6_input() paths no longer take the IN6_MULTI_LOCK, 552 and this lock has been downgraded to a non-recursive mutex. 553 554 * As with the changes to the IPv4 stack to support SSM, filtering 555 of inbound multicast traffic must now be performed by transport 556 protocols within the IPv6 stack. This does not apply to TCP and 557 SCTP, however, it does apply to UDP in IPv6 and raw IPv6. 558 559 * The KPIs used by IPv6 multicast are similar to those used by 560 the IPv4 stack, with the following differences: 561 * im6o_mc_filter() is analogous to imo_multicast_filter(). 562 * The legacy KAME entry points in6_joingroup and in6_leavegroup() 563 are shimmed to in6_mc_join() and in6_mc_leave() respectively. 564 * IN6_LOOKUP_MULTI() has been deprecated and removed. 565 * IPv6 relies on MLD for the DAD mechanism. KAME's internal KPIs 566 for MLDv1 have an additional 'timer' argument which is used to 567 jitter the initial membership report for the solicited-node 568 multicast membership on-link. 569 * This is not strictly needed for MLDv2, which already jitters 570 its report transmissions. However, the 'timer' argument is 571 preserved in case MLDv1 is active on the interface. 572 573 * The KAME linked-list based IPv6 membership implementation has 574 been refactored to use a vector similar to that used by the IPv4 575 stack. 576 Code which maintains a list of its own multicast memberships 577 internally, e.g. carp, has been updated to reflect the new 578 semantics. 579 580 * There is a known Lock Order Reversal (LOR) due to in6_setscope() 581 acquiring the IF_AFDATA_LOCK and being called within ip6_output(). 582 Whilst MLDv2 tries to avoid this otherwise benign LOR, it is an 583 implementation constraint which needs to be addressed in HEAD. 584 585 For application developers: 586 587 * The changes are broadly similar to those made for the IPv4 588 stack. 589 590 * The use of IPv4 and IPv6 multicast socket options on the same 591 socket, using mapped addresses, HAS NOT been tested or supported. 592 593 * There are a number of issues with the implementation of various 594 IPv6 multicast APIs which need to be resolved in the API surface 595 before the implementation is fully compatible with KAME userland 596 use, and these are mostly to do with interface index treatment. 597 598 * The literature available discusses the use of either the delta / ASM 599 API with setsockopt(2)/getsockopt(2), or the full-state / ASM API 600 using setsourcefilter(3)/getsourcefilter(3). For more information 601 please refer to RFC 3768, 'Socket Interface Extensions for 602 Multicast Source Filters'. 603 604 * Applications which use the published RFC 3678 APIs should be fine. 605 606 For systems administrators: 607 608 * The mtest(8) utility has been refactored to support IPv6, in 609 addition to IPv4. Interface addresses are no longer accepted 610 as arguments, their names must be used instead. The utility 611 will map the interface name to its first IPv4 address as 612 returned by getifaddrs(3). 613 614 * The ifmcstat(8) utility has also been updated to print the MLDv2 615 endpoint state and source filter lists via sysctl(3). 616 617 * The net.inet6.ip6.mcast.loop sysctl may be tuned to 0 to disable 618 loopback of IPv6 multicast datagrams by default; it defaults to 1 619 to preserve the existing behaviour. Disabling multicast loopback is 620 recommended for optimal system performance. 621 622 * The IPv6 MROUTING code has been changed to examine this sysctl 623 instead of attempting to perform a group lookup before looping 624 back forwarded datagrams. 625 626 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800084. 627 62820090422: 629 Implement low-level Bluetooth HCI API. 630 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800083. 631 63220090419: 633 The layout of struct malloc_type, used by modules to register new 634 memory allocation types, has changed. Most modules will need to 635 be rebuilt or panics may be experienced. 636 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800081. 637 63820090415: 639 Anticipate overflowing inp_flags - add inp_flags2. 640 This changes most offsets in inpcb, so checking v4 connection 641 state will require a world rebuild. 642 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800080. 643 64420090415: 645 Add an llentry to struct route and struct route_in6. Modules 646 embedding a struct route will need to be recompiled. 647 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800079. 648 64920090414: 650 The size of rt_metrics_lite and by extension rtentry has changed. 651 Networking administration apps will need to be recompiled. 652 The route command now supports show as an alias for get, weighting 653 of routes, sticky and nostick flags to alter the behavior of stateful 654 load balancing. 655 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800078. 656 65720090408: 658 Do not use Giant for kbdmux(4) locking. This is wrong and 659 apparently causing more problems than it solves. This will 660 re-open the issue where interrupt handlers may race with 661 kbdmux(4) in polling mode. Typical symptoms include (but 662 not limited to) duplicated and/or missing characters when 663 low level console functions (such as gets) are used while 664 interrupts are enabled (for example geli password prompt, 665 mountroot prompt etc.). Disabling kbdmux(4) may help. 666 66720090407: 668 The size of structs vnet_net, vnet_inet and vnet_ipfw has changed; 669 kernel modules referencing any of the above need to be recompiled. 670 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800075. 671 67220090320: 673 GEOM_PART has become the default partition slicer for storage devices, 674 replacing GEOM_MBR, GEOM_BSD, GEOM_PC98 and GEOM_GPT slicers. It 675 introduces some changes: 676 677 MSDOS/EBR: the devices created from MSDOS extended partition entries 678 (EBR) can be named differently than with GEOM_MBR and are now symlinks 679 to devices with offset-based names. fstabs may need to be modified. 680 681 BSD: the "geometry does not match label" warning is harmless in most 682 cases but it points to problems in file system misalignment with 683 disk geometry. The "c" partition is now implicit, covers the whole 684 top-level drive and cannot be (mis)used by users. 685 686 General: Kernel dumps are now not allowed to be written to devices 687 whose partition types indicate they are meant to be used for file 688 systems (or, in case of MSDOS partitions, as something else than 689 the "386BSD" type). 690 691 Most of these changes date approximately from 200812. 692 69320090319: 694 The uscanner(4) driver has been removed from the kernel. This follows 695 Linux removing theirs in 2.6 and making libusb the default interface 696 (supported by sane). 697 69820090319: 699 The multicast forwarding code has been cleaned up. netstat(1) 700 only relies on KVM now for printing bandwidth upcall meters. 701 The IPv4 and IPv6 modules are split into ip_mroute_mod and 702 ip6_mroute_mod respectively. The config(5) options for statically 703 compiling this code remain the same, i.e. 'options MROUTING'. 704 70520090315: 706 Support for the IFF_NEEDSGIANT network interface flag has been 707 removed, which means that non-MPSAFE network device drivers are no 708 longer supported. In particular, if_ar, if_sr, and network device 709 drivers from the old (legacy) USB stack can no longer be built or 710 used. 711 71220090313: 713 POSIX.1 Native Language Support (NLS) has been enabled in libc and 714 a bunch of new language catalog files have also been added. 715 This means that some common libc messages are now localized and 716 they depend on the LC_MESSAGES environmental variable. 717 71820090313: 719 The k8temp(4) driver has been renamed to amdtemp(4) since 720 support for Family 10 and Family 11 CPU families was added. 721 72220090309: 723 IGMPv3 and Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) have been merged 724 to the IPv4 stack. VIMAGE hooks are in but not yet used. 725 726 For kernel developers, the most important changes are that the 727 ip_output() and ip_input() paths no longer take the IN_MULTI_LOCK(), 728 and this lock has been downgraded to a non-recursive mutex. 729 730 Transport protocols (UDP, Raw IP) are now responsible for filtering 731 inbound multicast traffic according to group membership and source 732 filters. The imo_multicast_filter() KPI exists for this purpose. 733 Transports which do not use multicast (SCTP, TCP) already reject 734 multicast by default. Forwarding and receive performance may improve 735 as a mutex acquisition is no longer needed in the ip_input() 736 low-level input path. in_addmulti() and in_delmulti() are shimmed 737 to new KPIs which exist to support SSM in-kernel. 738 739 For application developers, it is recommended that loopback of 740 multicast datagrams be disabled for best performance, as this 741 will still cause the lock to be taken for each looped-back 742 datagram transmission. The net.inet.ip.mcast.loop sysctl may 743 be tuned to 0 to disable loopback by default; it defaults to 1 744 to preserve the existing behaviour. 745 746 For systems administrators, to obtain best performance with 747 multicast reception and multiple groups, it is always recommended 748 that a card with a suitably precise hash filter is used. Hash 749 collisions will still result in the lock being taken within the 750 transport protocol input path to check group membership. 751 752 If deploying FreeBSD in an environment with IGMP snooping switches, 753 it is recommended that the net.inet.igmp.sendlocal sysctl remain 754 enabled; this forces 224.0.0.0/24 group membership to be announced 755 via IGMP. 756 757 The size of 'struct igmpstat' has changed; netstat needs to be 758 recompiled to reflect this. 759 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800070. 760 76120090309: 762 libusb20.so.1 is now installed as libusb.so.1 and the ports system 763 updated to use it. This requires a buildworld/installworld in order to 764 update the library and dependencies (usbconfig, etc). Its advisable to 765 rebuild all ports which uses libusb. More specific directions are given 766 in the ports collection UPDATING file. Any /etc/libmap.conf entries for 767 libusb are no longer required and can be removed. 768 76920090302: 770 A workaround is committed to allow the creation of System V shared 771 memory segment of size > 2 GB on the 64-bit architectures. 772 Due to a limitation of the existing ABI, the shm_segsz member 773 of the struct shmid_ds, returned by shmctl(IPC_STAT) call is 774 wrong for large segments. Note that limits must be explicitly 775 raised to allow such segments to be created. 776 77720090301: 778 The layout of struct ifnet has changed, requiring a rebuild of all 779 network device driver modules. 780 78120090227: 782 The /dev handling for the new USB stack has changed, a 783 buildworld/installworld is required for libusb20. 784 78520090223: 786 The new USB2 stack has now been permanently moved in and all kernel and 787 module names reverted to their previous values (eg, usb, ehci, ohci, 788 ums, ...). The old usb stack can be compiled in by prefixing the name 789 with the letter 'o', the old usb modules have been removed. 790 Updating entry 20090216 for xorg and 20090215 for libmap may still 791 apply. 792 79320090217: 794 The rc.conf(5) option if_up_delay has been renamed to 795 defaultroute_delay to better reflect its purpose. If you have 796 customized this setting in /etc/rc.conf you need to update it to 797 use the new name. 798 79920090216: 800 xorg 7.4 wants to configure its input devices via hald which does not 801 yet work with USB2. If the keyboard/mouse does not work in xorg then 802 add 803 Option "AllowEmptyInput" "off" 804 to your ServerLayout section. This will cause X to use the configured 805 kbd and mouse sections from your xorg.conf. 806 80720090215: 808 The GENERIC kernels for all architectures now default to the new USB2 809 stack. No kernel config options or code have been removed so if a 810 problem arises please report it and optionally revert to the old USB 811 stack. If you are loading USB kernel modules or have a custom kernel 812 that includes GENERIC then ensure that usb names are also changed over, 813 eg uftdi -> usb2_serial_ftdi. 814 815 Older programs linked against the ports libusb 0.1 need to be 816 redirected to the new stack's libusb20. /etc/libmap.conf can 817 be used for this: 818 # Map old usb library to new one for usb2 stack 819 libusb-0.1.so.8 libusb20.so.1 820 82120090209: 822 All USB ethernet devices now attach as interfaces under the name ueN 823 (eg. ue0). This is to provide a predictable name as vendors often 824 change usb chipsets in a product without notice. 825 82620090203: 827 The ichsmb(4) driver has been changed to require SMBus slave 828 addresses be left-justified (xxxxxxx0b) rather than right-justified. 829 All of the other SMBus controller drivers require left-justified 830 slave addresses, so this change makes all the drivers provide the 831 same interface. 832 83320090201: 834 INET6 statistics (struct ip6stat) was updated. 835 netstat(1) needs to be recompiled. 836 83720090119: 838 NTFS has been removed from GENERIC kernel on amd64 to match 839 GENERIC on i386. Should not cause any issues since mount_ntfs(8) 840 will load ntfs.ko module automatically when NTFS support is 841 actually needed, unless ntfs.ko is not installed or security 842 level prohibits loading kernel modules. If either is the case, 843 "options NTFS" has to be added into kernel config. 844 84520090115: 846 TCP Appropriate Byte Counting (RFC 3465) support added to kernel. 847 New field in struct tcpcb breaks ABI, so bump __FreeBSD_version to 848 800061. User space tools that rely on the size of struct tcpcb in 849 tcp_var.h (e.g. sockstat) need to be recompiled. 850 85120081225: 852 ng_tty(4) module updated to match the new TTY subsystem. 853 Due to API change, user-level applications must be updated. 854 New API support added to mpd5 CVS and expected to be present 855 in next mpd5.3 release. 856 85720081219: 858 With __FreeBSD_version 800060 the makefs tool is part of 859 the base system (it was a port). 860 86120081216: 862 The afdata and ifnet locks have been changed from mutexes to 863 rwlocks, network modules will need to be re-compiled. 864 86520081214: 866 __FreeBSD_version 800059 incorporates the new arp-v2 rewrite. 867 RTF_CLONING, RTF_LLINFO and RTF_WASCLONED flags are eliminated. 868 The new code reduced struct rtentry{} by 16 bytes on 32-bit 869 architecture and 40 bytes on 64-bit architecture. The userland 870 applications "arp" and "ndp" have been updated accordingly. 871 The output from "netstat -r" shows only routing entries and 872 none of the L2 information. 873 87420081130: 875 __FreeBSD_version 800057 marks the switchover from the 876 binary ath hal to source code. Users must add the line: 877 878 options AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 879 880 to their kernel config files when specifying: 881 882 device ath_hal 883 884 The ath_hal module no longer exists; the code is now compiled 885 together with the driver in the ath module. It is now 886 possible to tailor chip support (i.e. reduce the set of chips 887 and thereby the code size); consult ath_hal(4) for details. 888 88920081121: 890 __FreeBSD_version 800054 adds memory barriers to 891 <machine/atomic.h>, new interfaces to ifnet to facilitate 892 multiple hardware transmit queues for cards that support 893 them, and a lock-less ring-buffer implementation to 894 enable drivers to more efficiently manage queueing of 895 packets. 896 89720081117: 898 A new version of ZFS (version 13) has been merged to -HEAD. 899 This version has zpool attribute "listsnapshots" off by 900 default, which means "zfs list" does not show snapshots, 901 and is the same as Solaris behavior. 902 90320081028: 904 dummynet(4) ABI has changed. ipfw(8) needs to be recompiled. 905 90620081009: 907 The uhci, ohci, ehci and slhci USB Host controller drivers have 908 been put into separate modules. If you load the usb module 909 separately through loader.conf you will need to load the 910 appropriate *hci module as well. E.g. for a UHCI-based USB 2.0 911 controller add the following to loader.conf: 912 913 uhci_load="YES" 914 ehci_load="YES" 915 91620081009: 917 The ABI used by the PMC toolset has changed. Please keep 918 userland (libpmc(3)) and the kernel module (hwpmc(4)) in 919 sync. 920 92120081009: 922 atapci kernel module now includes only generic PCI ATA 923 driver. AHCI driver moved to ataahci kernel module. 924 All vendor-specific code moved into separate kernel modules: 925 ataacard, ataacerlabs, ataadaptec, ataamd, ataati, atacenatek, 926 atacypress, atacyrix, atahighpoint, ataintel, ataite, atajmicron, 927 atamarvell, atamicron, atanational, atanetcell, atanvidia, 928 atapromise, ataserverworks, atasiliconimage, atasis, atavia 929 93020080820: 931 The TTY subsystem of the kernel has been replaced by a new 932 implementation, which provides better scalability and an 933 improved driver model. Most common drivers have been migrated to 934 the new TTY subsystem, while others have not. The following 935 drivers have not yet been ported to the new TTY layer: 936 937 PCI/ISA: 938 cy, digi, rc, rp, sio 939 940 USB: 941 ubser, ucycom 942 943 Line disciplines: 944 ng_h4, ng_tty, ppp, sl, snp 945 946 Adding these drivers to your kernel configuration file shall 947 cause compilation to fail. 948 94920080818: 950 ntpd has been upgraded to 4.2.4p5. 951 95220080801: 953 OpenSSH has been upgraded to 5.1p1. 954 955 For many years, FreeBSD's version of OpenSSH preferred DSA 956 over RSA for host and user authentication keys. With this 957 upgrade, we've switched to the vendor's default of RSA over 958 DSA. This may cause upgraded clients to warn about unknown 959 host keys even for previously known hosts. Users should 960 follow the usual procedure for verifying host keys before 961 accepting the RSA key. 962 963 This can be circumvented by setting the "HostKeyAlgorithms" 964 option to "ssh-dss,ssh-rsa" in ~/.ssh/config or on the ssh 965 command line. 966 967 Please note that the sequence of keys offered for 968 authentication has been changed as well. You may want to 969 specify IdentityFile in a different order to revert this 970 behavior. 971 97220080713: 973 The sio(4) driver has been removed from the i386 and amd64 974 kernel configuration files. This means uart(4) is now the 975 default serial port driver on those platforms as well. 976 977 To prevent collisions with the sio(4) driver, the uart(4) driver 978 uses different names for its device nodes. This means the 979 onboard serial port will now most likely be called "ttyu0" 980 instead of "ttyd0". You may need to reconfigure applications to 981 use the new device names. 982 983 When using the serial port as a boot console, be sure to update 984 /boot/device.hints and /etc/ttys before booting the new kernel. 985 If you forget to do so, you can still manually specify the hints 986 at the loader prompt: 987 988 set hint.uart.0.at="isa" 989 set hint.uart.0.port="0x3F8" 990 set hint.uart.0.flags="0x10" 991 set hint.uart.0.irq="4" 992 boot -s 993 99420080609: 995 The gpt(8) utility has been removed. Use gpart(8) to partition 996 disks instead. 997 99820080603: 999 The version that Linuxulator emulates was changed from 2.4.2 1000 to 2.6.16. If you experience any problems with Linux binaries 1001 please try to set sysctl compat.linux.osrelease to 2.4.2 and 1002 if it fixes the problem contact emulation mailing list. 1003 100420080525: 1005 ISDN4BSD (I4B) was removed from the src tree. You may need to 1006 update a your kernel configuration and remove relevant entries. 1007 100820080509: 1009 I have checked in code to support multiple routing tables. 1010 See the man pages setfib(1) and setfib(2). 1011 This is a hopefully backwards compatible version, 1012 but to make use of it you need to compile your kernel 1013 with options ROUTETABLES=2 (or more up to 16). 1014 101520080420: 1016 The 802.11 wireless support was redone to enable multi-bss 1017 operation on devices that are capable. The underlying device 1018 is no longer used directly but instead wlanX devices are 1019 cloned with ifconfig. This requires changes to rc.conf files. 1020 For example, change: 1021 ifconfig_ath0="WPA DHCP" 1022 to 1023 wlans_ath0=wlan0 1024 ifconfig_wlan0="WPA DHCP" 1025 see rc.conf(5) for more details. In addition, mergemaster of 1026 /etc/rc.d is highly recommended. Simultaneous update of userland 1027 and kernel wouldn't hurt either. 1028 1029 As part of the multi-bss changes the wlan_scan_ap and wlan_scan_sta 1030 modules were merged into the base wlan module. All references 1031 to these modules (e.g. in kernel config files) must be removed. 1032 103320080408: 1034 psm(4) has gained write(2) support in native operation level. 1035 Arbitrary commands can be written to /dev/psm%d and status can 1036 be read back from it. Therefore, an application is responsible 1037 for status validation and error recovery. It is a no-op in 1038 other operation levels. 1039 104020080312: 1041 Support for KSE threading has been removed from the kernel. To 1042 run legacy applications linked against KSE libmap.conf may 1043 be used. The following libmap.conf may be used to ensure 1044 compatibility with any prior release: 1045 1046 libpthread.so.1 libthr.so.1 1047 libpthread.so.2 libthr.so.2 1048 libkse.so.3 libthr.so.3 1049 105020080301: 1051 The layout of struct vmspace has changed. This affects libkvm 1052 and any executables that link against libkvm and use the 1053 kvm_getprocs() function. In particular, but not exclusively, 1054 it affects ps(1), fstat(1), pkill(1), systat(1), top(1) and w(1). 1055 The effects are minimal, but it's advisable to upgrade world 1056 nonetheless. 1057 105820080229: 1059 The latest em driver no longer has support in it for the 1060 82575 adapter, this is now moved to the igb driver. The 1061 split was done to make new features that are incompatible 1062 with older hardware easier to do. 1063 106420080220: 1065 The new geom_lvm(4) geom class has been renamed to geom_linux_lvm(4), 1066 likewise the kernel option is now GEOM_LINUX_LVM. 1067 106820080211: 1069 The default NFS mount mode has changed from UDP to TCP for 1070 increased reliability. If you rely on (insecurely) NFS 1071 mounting across a firewall you may need to update your 1072 firewall rules. 1073 107420080208: 1075 Belatedly note the addition of m_collapse for compacting 1076 mbuf chains. 1077 107820080126: 1079 The fts(3) structures have been changed to use adequate 1080 integer types for their members and so to be able to cope 1081 with huge file trees. The old fts(3) ABI is preserved 1082 through symbol versioning in libc, so third-party binaries 1083 using fts(3) should still work, although they will not take 1084 advantage of the extended types. At the same time, some 1085 third-party software might fail to build after this change 1086 due to unportable assumptions made in its source code about 1087 fts(3) structure members. Such software should be fixed 1088 by its vendor or, in the worst case, in the ports tree. 1089 FreeBSD_version 800015 marks this change for the unlikely 1090 case that a portable fix is impossible. 1091 109220080123: 1093 To upgrade to -current after this date, you must be running 1094 FreeBSD not older than 6.0-RELEASE. Upgrading to -current 1095 from 5.x now requires a stop over at RELENG_6 or RELENG_7 systems. 1096 109720071128: 1098 The ADAPTIVE_GIANT kernel option has been retired because its 1099 functionality is the default now. 1100 110120071118: 1102 The AT keyboard emulation of sunkbd(4) has been turned on 1103 by default. In order to make the special symbols of the Sun 1104 keyboards driven by sunkbd(4) work under X these now have 1105 to be configured the same way as Sun USB keyboards driven 1106 by ukbd(4) (which also does AT keyboard emulation), f.e.: 1107 1108 Option "XkbLayout" "us" 1109 Option "XkbRules" "xorg" 1110 Option "XkbSymbols" "pc(pc105)+sun_vndr/usb(sun_usb)+us" 1111 111220071024: 1113 It has been decided that it is desirable to provide ABI 1114 backwards compatibility to the FreeBSD 4/5/6 versions of the 1115 PCIOCGETCONF, PCIOCREAD and PCIOCWRITE IOCTLs, which was 1116 broken with the introduction of PCI domain support (see the 1117 20070930 entry). Unfortunately, this required the ABI of 1118 PCIOCGETCONF to be broken again in order to be able to 1119 provide backwards compatibility to the old version of that 1120 IOCTL. Thus consumers of PCIOCGETCONF have to be recompiled 1121 again. As for prominent ports this affects neither pciutils 1122 nor xorg-server this time, the hal port needs to be rebuilt 1123 however. 1124 112520071020: 1126 The misnamed kthread_create() and friends have been renamed 1127 to kproc_create() etc. Many of the callers already 1128 used kproc_start().. 1129 I will return kthread_create() and friends in a while 1130 with implementations that actually create threads, not procs. 1131 Renaming corresponds with version 800002. 1132 113320071010: 1134 RELENG_7 branched. 1135 1136COMMON ITEMS: 1137 1138 General Notes 1139 ------------- 1140 Avoid using make -j when upgrading. While generally safe, there are 1141 sometimes problems using -j to upgrade. If your upgrade fails with 1142 -j, please try again without -j. From time to time in the past there 1143 have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or installworld. This 1144 is especially true when upgrading between "distant" versions (eg one 1145 that cross a major release boundary or several minor releases, or when 1146 several months have passed on the -current branch). 1147 1148 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment 1149 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its 1150 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run 1151 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make 1152 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details. 1153 1154 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best 1155 to upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, 1156 then do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade 1157 path, and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try 1158 this approach before reporting problems with a major version upgrade. 1159 1160 ZFS notes 1161 --------- 1162 When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow 1163 these two steps: 1164 1165 1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block 1166 (this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld") 1167 1168 2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive 1169 1170 The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the first 1171 partition (freebsd-boot) of a GPT partitioned drive ad0: 1172 "gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ad0" 1173 1174 Non-boot pools do not need these updates. 1175 1176 To build a kernel 1177 ----------------- 1178 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just 1179 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most 1180 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld, 1181 1182 make kernel-toolchain 1183 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1184 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1185 1186 To test a kernel once 1187 --------------------- 1188 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure 1189 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide 1190 debugging information) run 1191 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel 1192 nextboot -k testkernel 1193 1194 To just build a kernel when you know that it won't mess you up 1195 -------------------------------------------------------------- 1196 This assumes you are already running a CURRENT system. Replace 1197 ${arch} with the architecture of your machine (e.g. "i386", 1198 "arm", "amd64", "ia64", "pc98", "sparc64", "powerpc", "mips", etc). 1199 1200 cd src/sys/${arch}/conf 1201 config KERNEL_NAME_HERE 1202 cd ../compile/KERNEL_NAME_HERE 1203 make depend 1204 make 1205 make install 1206 1207 If this fails, go to the "To build a kernel" section. 1208 1209 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system. 1210 ----------------------------------------------------------- 1211 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than 1212 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current. 1213 1214 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 1215 make buildworld 1216 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1217 [1] 1218 <reboot in single user> [3] 1219 mergemaster -p [5] 1220 make installworld 1221 mergemaster -i [4] 1222 make delete-old [6] 1223 <reboot> 1224 1225 1226 To cross-install current onto a separate partition 1227 -------------------------------------------------- 1228 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold 1229 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition 1230 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in 1231 # size. 1232 1233 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 1234 <boot into -stable> 1235 make buildworld 1236 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1237 <maybe newfs current's root partition> 1238 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}> 1239 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 1240 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd 1241 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 1242 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd 1243 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition> 1244 <reboot into current> 1245 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section> 1246 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*> 1247 <reboot> 1248 1249 1250 To upgrade in-place from 8.x-stable to current 1251 ---------------------------------------------- 1252 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 1253 make buildworld [9] 1254 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8] 1255 [1] 1256 <reboot in single user> [3] 1257 mergemaster -p [5] 1258 make installworld 1259 mergemaster -i [4] 1260 make delete-old [6] 1261 <reboot> 1262 1263 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the 1264 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life 1265 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own 1266 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of 1267 the UPDATING entries. 1268 1269 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to 1270 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update 1271 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent 1272 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has 1273 much fewer pitfalls. 1274 1275 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you 1276 should disable them at this point so they don't crash your 1277 system on reboot. 1278 1279 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do 1280 fsck -p 1281 mount -u / 1282 mount -a 1283 cd src 1284 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time 1285 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that 1286 you boot into single user mode to do the installworld. 1287 1288 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step 1289 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the 1290 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those 1291 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well 1292 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists 1293 for potential gotchas. The -U option is also useful to consider. 1294 See mergemaster(8) for more information. 1295 1296 [5] Usually this step is a noop. However, from time to time 1297 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following 1298 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to 1299 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make 1300 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated 1301 from current before 20020224 or from -stable before 20020408. 1302 1303 [6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries 1304 can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make 1305 sure that no program is using those libraries anymore. 1306 1307 [8] In order to have a kernel that can run the 4.x binaries needed to 1308 do an installworld, you must include the COMPAT_FREEBSD4 option in 1309 your kernel. Failure to do so may leave you with a system that is 1310 hard to boot to recover. A similar kernel option COMPAT_FREEBSD5 is 1311 required to run the 5.x binaries on more recent kernels. And so on 1312 for COMPAT_FREEBSD6 and COMPAT_FREEBSD7. 1313 1314 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the 1315 last time you updated your kernel config file. 1316 1317 [9] When checking out sources, you must include the -P flag to have 1318 cvs prune empty directories. 1319 1320 If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the 1321 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can 1322 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to. 1323 1324 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and 1325 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will 1326 warn if it is improperly defined. 1327FORMAT: 1328 1329This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major 1330breakages in tracking -current. Not all things will be listed here, 1331and it only starts on October 16, 2004. Updating files can found in 1332previous releases if your system is older than this. 1333 1334Copyright information: 1335 1336Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh. All Rights Reserved. 1337 1338Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without 1339modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this 1340document are permitted without further permission from the author. 1341 1342THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 1343IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 1344WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE 1345DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, 1346INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES 1347(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR 1348SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 1349HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, 1350STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING 1351IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 1352POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 1353 1354Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of 1355this document. 1356 1357$FreeBSD: head/UPDATING 220770 2011-04-18 10:25:54Z dim $ 1358