UPDATING revision 205014
1Updating Information for FreeBSD current users 2 3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>. 4See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the 5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you 6basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD 7handbook. 8 9Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in 10/usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before running portupgrade. 11 12NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 9.x IS SLOW: 13 FreeBSD 9.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel 14 and userland. These features attempt to detect incorrect use of 15 system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity 16 checking and fail stop semantics. They also substantially impact 17 system performance. If you want to do performance measurement, 18 benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off. This 19 includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc 20 debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the 21 kernel. Many developers choose to disable these features on build 22 machines to maximize performance. (To disable malloc debugging, run 23 ln -s aj /etc/malloc.conf.) 24 2520100311: 26 The kernel option COMPAT_IA32 has been replaced with COMPAT_FREEBSD32 27 to allow 32-bit compatibility on non-x86 platforms. All kernel 28 configurations on amd64 and ia64 platforms using these options must 29 be modified accordingly. 30 3120100113: 32 The utmp user accounting database has been replaced with utmpx, 33 the user accounting interface standardized by POSIX. 34 Unfortunately the semantics of utmp and utmpx don't match, 35 making it practically impossible to support both interfaces. 36 The user accounting database is used by tools like finger(1), 37 last(1), talk(1), w(1) and ac(8). 38 39 All applications in the base system use utmpx. This means only 40 local binaries (e.g. from the ports tree) may still use these 41 utmp database files. These applications must be rebuilt to make 42 use of utmpx. 43 44 After the system has been upgraded, it is safe to remove the old 45 log files (/var/run/utmp, /var/log/lastlog and /var/log/wtmp*), 46 assuming their contents is of no importance anymore. Old wtmp 47 databases can only be used by last(1) and ac(8) after they have 48 been converted to the new format using wtmpcvt(1). 49 5020100108: 51 Introduce the kernel thread "deadlock resolver" (which can be enabled 52 via the DEADLKRES option, see NOTES for more details) and the 53 sleepq_type() function for sleepqueues. 54 5520091202: 56 The rc.firewall and rc.firewall6 were unified, and 57 rc.firewall6 and rc.d/ip6fw were removed. 58 According to the removal of rc.d/ip6fw, ipv6_firewall_* rc 59 variables are obsoleted. Instead, the following new rc 60 variables are added to rc.d/ipfw: 61 62 firewall_client_net_ipv6, firewall_simple_iif_ipv6, 63 firewall_simple_inet_ipv6, firewall_simple_oif_ipv6, 64 firewall_simple_onet_ipv6, firewall_trusted_ipv6 65 66 The meanings correspond to the relevant IPv4 variables. 67 6820091113: 69 The default terminal emulation for syscons(4) has been changed 70 from cons25 to xterm on all platforms except pc98. This means 71 that the /etc/ttys file needs to be updated to ensure correct 72 operation of applications on the console. 73 74 The terminal emulation style can be toggled per window by using 75 vidcontrol(1)'s -T flag. The TEKEN_CONS25 kernel configuration 76 options can be used to change the compile-time default back to 77 cons25. 78 79 To prevent graphical artifacts, make sure the TERM environment 80 variable is set to match the terminal emulation that is being 81 performed by syscons(4). 82 8320091109: 84 The layout of the structure ieee80211req_scan_result has changed. 85 Applications that require wireless scan results (e.g. ifconfig(8)) 86 from net80211 need to be recompiled. 87 88 Applications such as wpa_supplicant(8) may require a full world 89 build without using NO_CLEAN in order to get synchronized with the 90 new structure. 91 9220091025: 93 The iwn(4) driver has been updated to support the 5000 and 5150 series. 94 There's one kernel module for each firmware. Adding "device iwnfw" 95 to the kernel configuration file means including all three firmware 96 images inside the kernel. If you want to include just the one for 97 your wireless card, use the the devices iwn4965fw, iwn5000fw or 98 iwn5150fw. 99 10020090926: 101 The rc.d/network_ipv6, IPv6 configuration script has been integrated 102 into rc.d/netif. The changes are the following: 103 104 1. To use IPv6, simply define $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 like $ifconfig_IF 105 for IPv4. For aliases, $ifconfig_IF_aliasN should be used. 106 Note that both variables need the "inet6" keyword at the head. 107 108 Do not set $ipv6_network_interfaces manually if you do not 109 understand what you are doing. It is not needed in most cases. 110 111 $ipv6_ifconfig_IF and $ipv6_ifconfig_IF_aliasN still work, but 112 they are obsolete. 113 114 2. $ipv6_enable is obsolete. Use $ipv6_prefer and 115 "inet6 accept_rtadv" keyword in ifconfig(8) instead. 116 117 If you define $ipv6_enable=YES, it means $ipv6_prefer=YES and 118 all configured interfaces have "inet6 accept_rtadv" in the 119 $ifconfig_IF_ipv6. These are for backward compatibility. 120 121 3. A new variable $ipv6_prefer has been added. If NO, IPv6 122 functionality of interfaces with no corresponding 123 $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 is disabled by using "inet6 ifdisabled" flag, 124 and the default address selection policy of ip6addrctl(8) 125 is the IPv4-preferred one (see rc.d/ip6addrctl for more details). 126 Note that if you want to configure IPv6 functionality on the 127 disabled interfaces after boot, first you need to clear the flag by 128 using ifconfig(8) like: 129 130 ifconfig em0 inet6 -ifdisabled 131 132 If YES, the default address selection policy is set as 133 IPv6-preferred. 134 135 The default value of $ipv6_prefer is NO. 136 137 4. If your system need to receive Router Advertisement messages, 138 define "inet6 accept_rtadv" in $ifconfig_IF_ipv6. The rc(8) 139 scripts automatically invoke rtsol(8) when the interface becomes 140 UP. The Router Advertisement messages are used for SLAAC 141 (State-Less Address AutoConfiguration). 142 14320090922: 144 802.11s D3.03 support was committed. This is incompatible with the 145 previous code, which was based on D3.0. 146 14720090912: 148 A sysctl variable net.inet6.ip6.accept_rtadv now sets the default value 149 of a per-interface flag ND6_IFF_ACCEPT_RTADV, not a global knob to 150 control whether accepting Router Advertisement messages or not. 151 Also, a per-interface flag ND6_IFF_AUTO_LINKLOCAL has been added and 152 a sysctl variable net.inet6.ip6.auto_linklocal is its default value. 153 The ifconfig(8) utility now supports these flags. 154 15520090910: 156 ZFS snapshots are now mounted with MNT_IGNORE flag. Use -v option for 157 mount(8) and -a option for df(1) to see them. 158 15920090825: 160 The old tunable hw.bus.devctl_disable has been superseded by 161 hw.bus.devctl_queue. hw.bus.devctl_disable=1 in loader.conf should be 162 replaced by hw.bus.devctl_queue=0. The default for this new tunable 163 is 1000. 164 16520090813: 166 Remove the option STOP_NMI. The default action is now to use NMI only 167 for KDB via the newly introduced function stop_cpus_hard() and 168 maintain stop_cpus() to just use a normal IPI_STOP on ia32 and amd64. 169 17020090803: 171 The stable/8 branch created in subversion. This corresponds to the 172 RELENG_8 branch in CVS. 173 17420090719: 175 Bump the shared library version numbers for all libraries that do not 176 use symbol versioning as part of the 8.0-RELEASE cycle. Bump 177 __FreeBSD_version to 800105. 178 17920090714: 180 Due to changes in the implementation of virtual network stack support, 181 all network-related kernel modules must be recompiled. As this change 182 breaks the ABI, bump __FreeBSD_version to 800104. 183 18420090713: 185 The TOE interface to the TCP syncache has been modified to remove 186 struct tcpopt (<netinet/tcp_var.h>) from the ABI of the network stack. 187 The cxgb driver is the only TOE consumer affected by this change, and 188 needs to be recompiled along with the kernel. As this change breaks 189 the ABI, bump __FreeBSD_version to 800103. 190 19120090712: 192 Padding has been added to struct tcpcb, sackhint and tcpstat in 193 <netinet/tcp_var.h> to facilitate future MFCs and bug fixes whilst 194 maintaining the ABI. However, this change breaks the ABI, so bump 195 __FreeBSD_version to 800102. User space tools that rely on the size of 196 any of these structs (e.g. sockstat) need to be recompiled. 197 19820090630: 199 The NFS_LEGACYRPC option has been removed along with the old kernel 200 RPC implementation that this option selected. Kernel configurations 201 may need to be adjusted. 202 20320090629: 204 The network interface device nodes at /dev/net/<interface> have been 205 removed. All ioctl operations can be performed the normal way using 206 routing sockets. The kqueue functionality can generally be replaced 207 with routing sockets. 208 20920090628: 210 The documentation from the FreeBSD Documentation Project (Handbook, 211 FAQ, etc.) is now installed via packages by sysinstall(8) and under 212 the /usr/local/share/doc/freebsd directory instead of /usr/share/doc. 213 21420090624: 215 The ABI of various structures related to the SYSV IPC API have been 216 changed. As a result, the COMPAT_FREEBSD[456] and COMPAT_43 kernel 217 options now all require COMPAT_FREEBSD7. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 218 800100. 219 22020090622: 221 Layout of struct vnet has changed as routing related variables were 222 moved to their own Vimage module. Modules need to be recompiled. Bump 223 __FreeBSD_version to 800099. 224 22520090619: 226 NGROUPS_MAX and NGROUPS have been increased from 16 to 1023 and 1024 227 respectively. As long as no more than 16 groups per process are used, 228 no changes should be visible. When more than 16 groups are used, old 229 binaries may fail if they call getgroups() or getgrouplist() with 230 statically sized storage. Recompiling will work around this, but 231 applications should be modified to use dynamically allocated storage 232 for group arrays as POSIX.1-2008 does not cap an implementation's 233 number of supported groups at NGROUPS_MAX+1 as previous versions did. 234 235 NFS and portalfs mounts may also be affected as the list of groups is 236 truncated to 16. Users of NFS who use more than 16 groups, should 237 take care that negative group permissions are not used on the exported 238 file systems as they will not be reliable unless a GSSAPI based 239 authentication method is used. 240 24120090616: 242 The compiling option ADAPTIVE_LOCKMGRS has been introduced. This 243 option compiles in the support for adaptive spinning for lockmgrs 244 which want to enable it. The lockinit() function now accepts the flag 245 LK_ADAPTIVE in order to make the lock object subject to adaptive 246 spinning when both held in write and read mode. 247 24820090613: 249 The layout of the structure returned by IEEE80211_IOC_STA_INFO has 250 changed. User applications that use this ioctl need to be rebuilt. 251 25220090611: 253 The layout of struct thread has changed. Kernel and modules need to 254 be rebuilt. 255 25620090608: 257 The layout of structs ifnet, domain, protosw and vnet_net has changed. 258 Kernel modules need to be rebuilt. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800097. 259 26020090602: 261 window(1) has been removed from the base system. It can now be 262 installed from ports. The port is called misc/window. 263 26420090601: 265 The way we are storing and accessing `routing table' entries has 266 changed. Programs reading the FIB, like netstat, need to be 267 re-compiled. 268 26920090601: 270 A new netisr implementation has been added for FreeBSD 8. Network 271 file system modules, such as igmp, ipdivert, and others, should be 272 rebuilt. 273 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800096. 274 27520090530: 276 Remove the tunable/sysctl debug.mpsafevfs as its initial purpose is no 277 more valid. 278 27920090530: 280 Add VOP_ACCESSX(9). File system modules need to be rebuilt. 281 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800094. 282 28320090529: 284 Add mnt_xflag field to 'struct mount'. File system modules need to be 285 rebuilt. 286 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800093. 287 28820090528: 289 The compiling option ADAPTIVE_SX has been retired while it has been 290 introduced the option NO_ADAPTIVE_SX which handles the reversed logic. 291 The KPI for sx_init_flags() changes as accepting flags: 292 SX_ADAPTIVESPIN flag has been retired while the SX_NOADAPTIVE flag has 293 been introduced in order to handle the reversed logic. 294 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800092. 295 29620090527: 297 Add support for hierarchical jails. Remove global securelevel. 298 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800091. 299 30020090523: 301 The layout of struct vnet_net has changed, therefore modules 302 need to be rebuilt. 303 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800090. 304 30520090523: 306 The newly imported zic(8) produces a new format in the output. Please 307 run tzsetup(8) to install the newly created data to /etc/localtime. 308 30920090520: 310 The sysctl tree for the usb stack has renamed from hw.usb2.* to 311 hw.usb.* and is now consistent again with previous releases. 312 31320090520: 314 802.11 monitor mode support was revised and driver api's were changed. 315 Drivers dependent on net80211 now support DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO instead 316 of DLT_IEEE802_11. No user-visible data structures were changed but 317 applications that use DLT_IEEE802_11 may require changes. 318 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800088. 319 32020090430: 321 The layout of the following structs has changed: sysctl_oid, 322 socket, ifnet, inpcbinfo, tcpcb, syncache_head, vnet_inet, 323 vnet_inet6 and vnet_ipfw. Most modules need to be rebuild or 324 panics may be experienced. World rebuild is required for 325 correctly checking networking state from userland. 326 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800085. 327 32820090429: 329 MLDv2 and Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) have been merged 330 to the IPv6 stack. VIMAGE hooks are in but not yet used. 331 The implementation of SSM within FreeBSD's IPv6 stack closely 332 follows the IPv4 implementation. 333 334 For kernel developers: 335 336 * The most important changes are that the ip6_output() and 337 ip6_input() paths no longer take the IN6_MULTI_LOCK, 338 and this lock has been downgraded to a non-recursive mutex. 339 340 * As with the changes to the IPv4 stack to support SSM, filtering 341 of inbound multicast traffic must now be performed by transport 342 protocols within the IPv6 stack. This does not apply to TCP and 343 SCTP, however, it does apply to UDP in IPv6 and raw IPv6. 344 345 * The KPIs used by IPv6 multicast are similar to those used by 346 the IPv4 stack, with the following differences: 347 * im6o_mc_filter() is analogous to imo_multicast_filter(). 348 * The legacy KAME entry points in6_joingroup and in6_leavegroup() 349 are shimmed to in6_mc_join() and in6_mc_leave() respectively. 350 * IN6_LOOKUP_MULTI() has been deprecated and removed. 351 * IPv6 relies on MLD for the DAD mechanism. KAME's internal KPIs 352 for MLDv1 have an additional 'timer' argument which is used to 353 jitter the initial membership report for the solicited-node 354 multicast membership on-link. 355 * This is not strictly needed for MLDv2, which already jitters 356 its report transmissions. However, the 'timer' argument is 357 preserved in case MLDv1 is active on the interface. 358 359 * The KAME linked-list based IPv6 membership implementation has 360 been refactored to use a vector similar to that used by the IPv4 361 stack. 362 Code which maintains a list of its own multicast memberships 363 internally, e.g. carp, has been updated to reflect the new 364 semantics. 365 366 * There is a known Lock Order Reversal (LOR) due to in6_setscope() 367 acquiring the IF_AFDATA_LOCK and being called within ip6_output(). 368 Whilst MLDv2 tries to avoid this otherwise benign LOR, it is an 369 implementation constraint which needs to be addressed in HEAD. 370 371 For application developers: 372 373 * The changes are broadly similar to those made for the IPv4 374 stack. 375 376 * The use of IPv4 and IPv6 multicast socket options on the same 377 socket, using mapped addresses, HAS NOT been tested or supported. 378 379 * There are a number of issues with the implementation of various 380 IPv6 multicast APIs which need to be resolved in the API surface 381 before the implementation is fully compatible with KAME userland 382 use, and these are mostly to do with interface index treatment. 383 384 * The literature available discusses the use of either the delta / ASM 385 API with setsockopt(2)/getsockopt(2), or the full-state / ASM API 386 using setsourcefilter(3)/getsourcefilter(3). For more information 387 please refer to RFC 3768, 'Socket Interface Extensions for 388 Multicast Source Filters'. 389 390 * Applications which use the published RFC 3678 APIs should be fine. 391 392 For systems administrators: 393 394 * The mtest(8) utility has been refactored to support IPv6, in 395 addition to IPv4. Interface addresses are no longer accepted 396 as arguments, their names must be used instead. The utility 397 will map the interface name to its first IPv4 address as 398 returned by getifaddrs(3). 399 400 * The ifmcstat(8) utility has also been updated to print the MLDv2 401 endpoint state and source filter lists via sysctl(3). 402 403 * The net.inet6.ip6.mcast.loop sysctl may be tuned to 0 to disable 404 loopback of IPv6 multicast datagrams by default; it defaults to 1 405 to preserve the existing behaviour. Disabling multicast loopback is 406 recommended for optimal system performance. 407 408 * The IPv6 MROUTING code has been changed to examine this sysctl 409 instead of attempting to perform a group lookup before looping 410 back forwarded datagrams. 411 412 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800084. 413 41420090422: 415 Implement low-level Bluetooth HCI API. 416 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800083. 417 41820090419: 419 The layout of struct malloc_type, used by modules to register new 420 memory allocation types, has changed. Most modules will need to 421 be rebuilt or panics may be experienced. 422 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800081. 423 42420090415: 425 Anticipate overflowing inp_flags - add inp_flags2. 426 This changes most offsets in inpcb, so checking v4 connection 427 state will require a world rebuild. 428 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800080. 429 43020090415: 431 Add an llentry to struct route and struct route_in6. Modules 432 embedding a struct route will need to be recompiled. 433 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800079. 434 43520090414: 436 The size of rt_metrics_lite and by extension rtentry has changed. 437 Networking administration apps will need to be recompiled. 438 The route command now supports show as an alias for get, weighting 439 of routes, sticky and nostick flags to alter the behavior of stateful 440 load balancing. 441 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800078. 442 44320090408: 444 Do not use Giant for kbdmux(4) locking. This is wrong and 445 apparently causing more problems than it solves. This will 446 re-open the issue where interrupt handlers may race with 447 kbdmux(4) in polling mode. Typical symptoms include (but 448 not limited to) duplicated and/or missing characters when 449 low level console functions (such as gets) are used while 450 interrupts are enabled (for example geli password prompt, 451 mountroot prompt etc.). Disabling kbdmux(4) may help. 452 45320090407: 454 The size of structs vnet_net, vnet_inet and vnet_ipfw has changed; 455 kernel modules referencing any of the above need to be recompiled. 456 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800075. 457 45820090320: 459 GEOM_PART has become the default partition slicer for storage devices, 460 replacing GEOM_MBR, GEOM_BSD, GEOM_PC98 and GEOM_GPT slicers. It 461 introduces some changes: 462 463 MSDOS/EBR: the devices created from MSDOS extended partition entries 464 (EBR) can be named differently than with GEOM_MBR and are now symlinks 465 to devices with offset-based names. fstabs may need to be modified. 466 467 BSD: the "geometry does not match label" warning is harmless in most 468 cases but it points to problems in file system misalignment with 469 disk geometry. The "c" partition is now implicit, covers the whole 470 top-level drive and cannot be (mis)used by users. 471 472 General: Kernel dumps are now not allowed to be written to devices 473 whose partition types indicate they are meant to be used for file 474 systems (or, in case of MSDOS partitions, as something else than 475 the "386BSD" type). 476 477 Most of these changes date approximately from 200812. 478 47920090319: 480 The uscanner(4) driver has been removed from the kernel. This follows 481 Linux removing theirs in 2.6 and making libusb the default interface 482 (supported by sane). 483 48420090319: 485 The multicast forwarding code has been cleaned up. netstat(1) 486 only relies on KVM now for printing bandwidth upcall meters. 487 The IPv4 and IPv6 modules are split into ip_mroute_mod and 488 ip6_mroute_mod respectively. The config(5) options for statically 489 compiling this code remain the same, i.e. 'options MROUTING'. 490 49120090315: 492 Support for the IFF_NEEDSGIANT network interface flag has been 493 removed, which means that non-MPSAFE network device drivers are no 494 longer supported. In particular, if_ar, if_sr, and network device 495 drivers from the old (legacy) USB stack can no longer be built or 496 used. 497 49820090313: 499 POSIX.1 Native Language Support (NLS) has been enabled in libc and 500 a bunch of new language catalog files have also been added. 501 This means that some common libc messages are now localized and 502 they depend on the LC_MESSAGES environmental variable. 503 50420090313: 505 The k8temp(4) driver has been renamed to amdtemp(4) since 506 support for Family 10 and Family 11 CPU families was added. 507 50820090309: 509 IGMPv3 and Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) have been merged 510 to the IPv4 stack. VIMAGE hooks are in but not yet used. 511 512 For kernel developers, the most important changes are that the 513 ip_output() and ip_input() paths no longer take the IN_MULTI_LOCK(), 514 and this lock has been downgraded to a non-recursive mutex. 515 516 Transport protocols (UDP, Raw IP) are now responsible for filtering 517 inbound multicast traffic according to group membership and source 518 filters. The imo_multicast_filter() KPI exists for this purpose. 519 Transports which do not use multicast (SCTP, TCP) already reject 520 multicast by default. Forwarding and receive performance may improve 521 as a mutex acquisition is no longer needed in the ip_input() 522 low-level input path. in_addmulti() and in_delmulti() are shimmed 523 to new KPIs which exist to support SSM in-kernel. 524 525 For application developers, it is recommended that loopback of 526 multicast datagrams be disabled for best performance, as this 527 will still cause the lock to be taken for each looped-back 528 datagram transmission. The net.inet.ip.mcast.loop sysctl may 529 be tuned to 0 to disable loopback by default; it defaults to 1 530 to preserve the existing behaviour. 531 532 For systems administrators, to obtain best performance with 533 multicast reception and multiple groups, it is always recommended 534 that a card with a suitably precise hash filter is used. Hash 535 collisions will still result in the lock being taken within the 536 transport protocol input path to check group membership. 537 538 If deploying FreeBSD in an environment with IGMP snooping switches, 539 it is recommended that the net.inet.igmp.sendlocal sysctl remain 540 enabled; this forces 224.0.0.0/24 group membership to be announced 541 via IGMP. 542 543 The size of 'struct igmpstat' has changed; netstat needs to be 544 recompiled to reflect this. 545 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800070. 546 54720090309: 548 libusb20.so.1 is now installed as libusb.so.1 and the ports system 549 updated to use it. This requires a buildworld/installworld in order to 550 update the library and dependencies (usbconfig, etc). Its advisable to 551 rebuild all ports which uses libusb. More specific directions are given 552 in the ports collection UPDATING file. Any /etc/libmap.conf entries for 553 libusb are no longer required and can be removed. 554 55520090302: 556 A workaround is committed to allow the creation of System V shared 557 memory segment of size > 2 GB on the 64-bit architectures. 558 Due to a limitation of the existing ABI, the shm_segsz member 559 of the struct shmid_ds, returned by shmctl(IPC_STAT) call is 560 wrong for large segments. Note that limits must be explicitly 561 raised to allow such segments to be created. 562 56320090301: 564 The layout of struct ifnet has changed, requiring a rebuild of all 565 network device driver modules. 566 56720090227: 568 The /dev handling for the new USB stack has changed, a 569 buildworld/installworld is required for libusb20. 570 57120090223: 572 The new USB2 stack has now been permanently moved in and all kernel and 573 module names reverted to their previous values (eg, usb, ehci, ohci, 574 ums, ...). The old usb stack can be compiled in by prefixing the name 575 with the letter 'o', the old usb modules have been removed. 576 Updating entry 20090216 for xorg and 20090215 for libmap may still 577 apply. 578 57920090217: 580 The rc.conf(5) option if_up_delay has been renamed to 581 defaultroute_delay to better reflect its purpose. If you have 582 customized this setting in /etc/rc.conf you need to update it to 583 use the new name. 584 58520090216: 586 xorg 7.4 wants to configure its input devices via hald which does not 587 yet work with USB2. If the keyboard/mouse does not work in xorg then 588 add 589 Option "AllowEmptyInput" "off" 590 to your ServerLayout section. This will cause X to use the configured 591 kbd and mouse sections from your xorg.conf. 592 59320090215: 594 The GENERIC kernels for all architectures now default to the new USB2 595 stack. No kernel config options or code have been removed so if a 596 problem arises please report it and optionally revert to the old USB 597 stack. If you are loading USB kernel modules or have a custom kernel 598 that includes GENERIC then ensure that usb names are also changed over, 599 eg uftdi -> usb2_serial_ftdi. 600 601 Older programs linked against the ports libusb 0.1 need to be 602 redirected to the new stack's libusb20. /etc/libmap.conf can 603 be used for this: 604 # Map old usb library to new one for usb2 stack 605 libusb-0.1.so.8 libusb20.so.1 606 60720090209: 608 All USB ethernet devices now attach as interfaces under the name ueN 609 (eg. ue0). This is to provide a predictable name as vendors often 610 change usb chipsets in a product without notice. 611 61220090203: 613 The ichsmb(4) driver has been changed to require SMBus slave 614 addresses be left-justified (xxxxxxx0b) rather than right-justified. 615 All of the other SMBus controller drivers require left-justified 616 slave addresses, so this change makes all the drivers provide the 617 same interface. 618 61920090201: 620 INET6 statistics (struct ip6stat) was updated. 621 netstat(1) needs to be recompiled. 622 62320090119: 624 NTFS has been removed from GENERIC kernel on amd64 to match 625 GENERIC on i386. Should not cause any issues since mount_ntfs(8) 626 will load ntfs.ko module automatically when NTFS support is 627 actually needed, unless ntfs.ko is not installed or security 628 level prohibits loading kernel modules. If either is the case, 629 "options NTFS" has to be added into kernel config. 630 63120090115: 632 TCP Appropriate Byte Counting (RFC 3465) support added to kernel. 633 New field in struct tcpcb breaks ABI, so bump __FreeBSD_version to 634 800061. User space tools that rely on the size of struct tcpcb in 635 tcp_var.h (e.g. sockstat) need to be recompiled. 636 63720081225: 638 ng_tty(4) module updated to match the new TTY subsystem. 639 Due to API change, user-level applications must be updated. 640 New API support added to mpd5 CVS and expected to be present 641 in next mpd5.3 release. 642 64320081219: 644 With __FreeBSD_version 800060 the makefs tool is part of 645 the base system (it was a port). 646 64720081216: 648 The afdata and ifnet locks have been changed from mutexes to 649 rwlocks, network modules will need to be re-compiled. 650 65120081214: 652 __FreeBSD_version 800059 incorporates the new arp-v2 rewrite. 653 RTF_CLONING, RTF_LLINFO and RTF_WASCLONED flags are eliminated. 654 The new code reduced struct rtentry{} by 16 bytes on 32-bit 655 architecture and 40 bytes on 64-bit architecture. The userland 656 applications "arp" and "ndp" have been updated accordingly. 657 The output from "netstat -r" shows only routing entries and 658 none of the L2 information. 659 66020081130: 661 __FreeBSD_version 800057 marks the switchover from the 662 binary ath hal to source code. Users must add the line: 663 664 options AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 665 666 to their kernel config files when specifying: 667 668 device ath_hal 669 670 The ath_hal module no longer exists; the code is now compiled 671 together with the driver in the ath module. It is now 672 possible to tailor chip support (i.e. reduce the set of chips 673 and thereby the code size); consult ath_hal(4) for details. 674 67520081121: 676 __FreeBSD_version 800054 adds memory barriers to 677 <machine/atomic.h>, new interfaces to ifnet to facilitate 678 multiple hardware transmit queues for cards that support 679 them, and a lock-less ring-buffer implementation to 680 enable drivers to more efficiently manage queueing of 681 packets. 682 68320081117: 684 A new version of ZFS (version 13) has been merged to -HEAD. 685 This version has zpool attribute "listsnapshots" off by 686 default, which means "zfs list" does not show snapshots, 687 and is the same as Solaris behavior. 688 68920081028: 690 dummynet(4) ABI has changed. ipfw(8) needs to be recompiled. 691 69220081009: 693 The uhci, ohci, ehci and slhci USB Host controller drivers have 694 been put into separate modules. If you load the usb module 695 separately through loader.conf you will need to load the 696 appropriate *hci module as well. E.g. for a UHCI-based USB 2.0 697 controller add the following to loader.conf: 698 699 uhci_load="YES" 700 ehci_load="YES" 701 70220081009: 703 The ABI used by the PMC toolset has changed. Please keep 704 userland (libpmc(3)) and the kernel module (hwpmc(4)) in 705 sync. 706 70720081009: 708 atapci kernel module now includes only generic PCI ATA 709 driver. AHCI driver moved to ataahci kernel module. 710 All vendor-specific code moved into separate kernel modules: 711 ataacard, ataacerlabs, ataadaptec, ataamd, ataati, atacenatek, 712 atacypress, atacyrix, atahighpoint, ataintel, ataite, atajmicron, 713 atamarvell, atamicron, atanational, atanetcell, atanvidia, 714 atapromise, ataserverworks, atasiliconimage, atasis, atavia 715 71620080820: 717 The TTY subsystem of the kernel has been replaced by a new 718 implementation, which provides better scalability and an 719 improved driver model. Most common drivers have been migrated to 720 the new TTY subsystem, while others have not. The following 721 drivers have not yet been ported to the new TTY layer: 722 723 PCI/ISA: 724 cy, digi, rc, rp, sio 725 726 USB: 727 ubser, ucycom 728 729 Line disciplines: 730 ng_h4, ng_tty, ppp, sl, snp 731 732 Adding these drivers to your kernel configuration file shall 733 cause compilation to fail. 734 73520080818: 736 ntpd has been upgraded to 4.2.4p5. 737 73820080801: 739 OpenSSH has been upgraded to 5.1p1. 740 741 For many years, FreeBSD's version of OpenSSH preferred DSA 742 over RSA for host and user authentication keys. With this 743 upgrade, we've switched to the vendor's default of RSA over 744 DSA. This may cause upgraded clients to warn about unknown 745 host keys even for previously known hosts. Users should 746 follow the usual procedure for verifying host keys before 747 accepting the RSA key. 748 749 This can be circumvented by setting the "HostKeyAlgorithms" 750 option to "ssh-dss,ssh-rsa" in ~/.ssh/config or on the ssh 751 command line. 752 753 Please note that the sequence of keys offered for 754 authentication has been changed as well. You may want to 755 specify IdentityFile in a different order to revert this 756 behavior. 757 75820080713: 759 The sio(4) driver has been removed from the i386 and amd64 760 kernel configuration files. This means uart(4) is now the 761 default serial port driver on those platforms as well. 762 763 To prevent collisions with the sio(4) driver, the uart(4) driver 764 uses different names for its device nodes. This means the 765 onboard serial port will now most likely be called "ttyu0" 766 instead of "ttyd0". You may need to reconfigure applications to 767 use the new device names. 768 769 When using the serial port as a boot console, be sure to update 770 /boot/device.hints and /etc/ttys before booting the new kernel. 771 If you forget to do so, you can still manually specify the hints 772 at the loader prompt: 773 774 set hint.uart.0.at="isa" 775 set hint.uart.0.port="0x3F8" 776 set hint.uart.0.flags="0x10" 777 set hint.uart.0.irq="4" 778 boot -s 779 78020080609: 781 The gpt(8) utility has been removed. Use gpart(8) to partition 782 disks instead. 783 78420080603: 785 The version that Linuxulator emulates was changed from 2.4.2 786 to 2.6.16. If you experience any problems with Linux binaries 787 please try to set sysctl compat.linux.osrelease to 2.4.2 and 788 if it fixes the problem contact emulation mailing list. 789 79020080525: 791 ISDN4BSD (I4B) was removed from the src tree. You may need to 792 update a your kernel configuration and remove relevant entries. 793 79420080509: 795 I have checked in code to support multiple routing tables. 796 See the man pages setfib(1) and setfib(2). 797 This is a hopefully backwards compatible version, 798 but to make use of it you need to compile your kernel 799 with options ROUTETABLES=2 (or more up to 16). 800 80120080420: 802 The 802.11 wireless support was redone to enable multi-bss 803 operation on devices that are capable. The underlying device 804 is no longer used directly but instead wlanX devices are 805 cloned with ifconfig. This requires changes to rc.conf files. 806 For example, change: 807 ifconfig_ath0="WPA DHCP" 808 to 809 wlans_ath0=wlan0 810 ifconfig_wlan0="WPA DHCP" 811 see rc.conf(5) for more details. In addition, mergemaster of 812 /etc/rc.d is highly recommended. Simultaneous update of userland 813 and kernel wouldn't hurt either. 814 815 As part of the multi-bss changes the wlan_scan_ap and wlan_scan_sta 816 modules were merged into the base wlan module. All references 817 to these modules (e.g. in kernel config files) must be removed. 818 81920080408: 820 psm(4) has gained write(2) support in native operation level. 821 Arbitrary commands can be written to /dev/psm%d and status can 822 be read back from it. Therefore, an application is responsible 823 for status validation and error recovery. It is a no-op in 824 other operation levels. 825 82620080312: 827 Support for KSE threading has been removed from the kernel. To 828 run legacy applications linked against KSE libmap.conf may 829 be used. The following libmap.conf may be used to ensure 830 compatibility with any prior release: 831 832 libpthread.so.1 libthr.so.1 833 libpthread.so.2 libthr.so.2 834 libkse.so.3 libthr.so.3 835 83620080301: 837 The layout of struct vmspace has changed. This affects libkvm 838 and any executables that link against libkvm and use the 839 kvm_getprocs() function. In particular, but not exclusively, 840 it affects ps(1), fstat(1), pkill(1), systat(1), top(1) and w(1). 841 The effects are minimal, but it's advisable to upgrade world 842 nonetheless. 843 84420080229: 845 The latest em driver no longer has support in it for the 846 82575 adapter, this is now moved to the igb driver. The 847 split was done to make new features that are incompatible 848 with older hardware easier to do. 849 85020080220: 851 The new geom_lvm(4) geom class has been renamed to geom_linux_lvm(4), 852 likewise the kernel option is now GEOM_LINUX_LVM. 853 85420080211: 855 The default NFS mount mode has changed from UDP to TCP for 856 increased reliability. If you rely on (insecurely) NFS 857 mounting across a firewall you may need to update your 858 firewall rules. 859 86020080208: 861 Belatedly note the addition of m_collapse for compacting 862 mbuf chains. 863 86420080126: 865 The fts(3) structures have been changed to use adequate 866 integer types for their members and so to be able to cope 867 with huge file trees. The old fts(3) ABI is preserved 868 through symbol versioning in libc, so third-party binaries 869 using fts(3) should still work, although they will not take 870 advantage of the extended types. At the same time, some 871 third-party software might fail to build after this change 872 due to unportable assumptions made in its source code about 873 fts(3) structure members. Such software should be fixed 874 by its vendor or, in the worst case, in the ports tree. 875 FreeBSD_version 800015 marks this change for the unlikely 876 case that a portable fix is impossible. 877 87820080123: 879 To upgrade to -current after this date, you must be running 880 FreeBSD not older than 6.0-RELEASE. Upgrading to -current 881 from 5.x now requires a stop over at RELENG_6 or RELENG_7 systems. 882 88320071128: 884 The ADAPTIVE_GIANT kernel option has been retired because its 885 functionality is the default now. 886 88720071118: 888 The AT keyboard emulation of sunkbd(4) has been turned on 889 by default. In order to make the special symbols of the Sun 890 keyboards driven by sunkbd(4) work under X these now have 891 to be configured the same way as Sun USB keyboards driven 892 by ukbd(4) (which also does AT keyboard emulation), f.e.: 893 894 Option "XkbLayout" "us" 895 Option "XkbRules" "xorg" 896 Option "XkbSymbols" "pc(pc105)+sun_vndr/usb(sun_usb)+us" 897 89820071024: 899 It has been decided that it is desirable to provide ABI 900 backwards compatibility to the FreeBSD 4/5/6 versions of the 901 PCIOCGETCONF, PCIOCREAD and PCIOCWRITE IOCTLs, which was 902 broken with the introduction of PCI domain support (see the 903 20070930 entry). Unfortunately, this required the ABI of 904 PCIOCGETCONF to be broken again in order to be able to 905 provide backwards compatibility to the old version of that 906 IOCTL. Thus consumers of PCIOCGETCONF have to be recompiled 907 again. As for prominent ports this affects neither pciutils 908 nor xorg-server this time, the hal port needs to be rebuilt 909 however. 910 91120071020: 912 The misnamed kthread_create() and friends have been renamed 913 to kproc_create() etc. Many of the callers already 914 used kproc_start().. 915 I will return kthread_create() and friends in a while 916 with implementations that actually create threads, not procs. 917 Renaming corresponds with version 800002. 918 91920071010: 920 RELENG_7 branched. 921 922COMMON ITEMS: 923 924 General Notes 925 ------------- 926 Avoid using make -j when upgrading. While generally safe, there are 927 sometimes problems using -j to upgrade. If your upgrade fails with 928 -j, please try again without -j. From time to time in the past there 929 have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or installworld. This 930 is especially true when upgrading between "distant" versions (eg one 931 that cross a major release boundary or several minor releases, or when 932 several months have passed on the -current branch). 933 934 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment 935 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its 936 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run 937 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make 938 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details. 939 940 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best 941 to upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, 942 then do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade 943 path, and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try 944 this approach before reporting problems with a major version upgrade. 945 946 To build a kernel 947 ----------------- 948 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just 949 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most 950 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld, 951 952 make kernel-toolchain 953 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 954 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 955 956 To test a kernel once 957 --------------------- 958 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure 959 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide 960 debugging information) run 961 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel 962 nextboot -k testkernel 963 964 To just build a kernel when you know that it won't mess you up 965 -------------------------------------------------------------- 966 This assumes you are already running a CURRENT system. Replace 967 ${arch} with the architecture of your machine (e.g. "i386", 968 "arm", "amd64", "ia64", "pc98", "sparc64", "powerpc", "mips", etc). 969 970 cd src/sys/${arch}/conf 971 config KERNEL_NAME_HERE 972 cd ../compile/KERNEL_NAME_HERE 973 make depend 974 make 975 make install 976 977 If this fails, go to the "To build a kernel" section. 978 979 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system. 980 ----------------------------------------------------------- 981 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than 982 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current. 983 984 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 985 make buildworld 986 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 987 [1] 988 <reboot in single user> [3] 989 mergemaster -p [5] 990 make installworld 991 make delete-old 992 mergemaster -i [4] 993 <reboot> 994 995 996 To cross-install current onto a separate partition 997 -------------------------------------------------- 998 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold 999 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition 1000 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in 1001 # size. 1002 1003 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 1004 <boot into -stable> 1005 make buildworld 1006 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1007 <maybe newfs current's root partition> 1008 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}> 1009 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 1010 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd 1011 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 1012 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd 1013 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition> 1014 <reboot into current> 1015 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section> 1016 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*> 1017 <reboot> 1018 1019 1020 To upgrade in-place from 8.x-stable to current 1021 ---------------------------------------------- 1022 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 1023 make buildworld [9] 1024 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8] 1025 [1] 1026 <reboot in single user> [3] 1027 mergemaster -p [5] 1028 make installworld 1029 make delete-old 1030 mergemaster -i [4] 1031 <reboot> 1032 1033 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the 1034 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life 1035 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own 1036 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of 1037 the UPDATING entries. 1038 1039 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to 1040 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update 1041 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent 1042 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has 1043 much fewer pitfalls. 1044 1045 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you 1046 should disable them at this point so they don't crash your 1047 system on reboot. 1048 1049 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do 1050 fsck -p 1051 mount -u / 1052 mount -a 1053 cd src 1054 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time 1055 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that 1056 you boot into single user mode to do the installworld. 1057 1058 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step 1059 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the 1060 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those 1061 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well 1062 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists 1063 for potential gotchas. The -U option is also useful to consider. 1064 See mergemaster(8) for more information. 1065 1066 [5] Usually this step is a noop. However, from time to time 1067 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following 1068 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to 1069 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make 1070 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated 1071 from current before 20020224 or from -stable before 20020408. 1072 1073 [8] In order to have a kernel that can run the 4.x binaries needed to 1074 do an installworld, you must include the COMPAT_FREEBSD4 option in 1075 your kernel. Failure to do so may leave you with a system that is 1076 hard to boot to recover. A similar kernel option COMPAT_FREEBSD5 is 1077 required to run the 5.x binaries on more recent kernels. And so on 1078 for COMPAT_FREEBSD6 and COMPAT_FREEBSD7. 1079 1080 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the 1081 last time you updated your kernel config file. 1082 1083 [9] When checking out sources, you must include the -P flag to have 1084 cvs prune empty directories. 1085 1086 If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the 1087 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can 1088 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to. 1089 1090 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and 1091 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will 1092 warn if it is improperly defined. 1093FORMAT: 1094 1095This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major 1096breakages in tracking -current. Not all things will be listed here, 1097and it only starts on October 16, 2004. Updating files can found in 1098previous releases if your system is older than this. 1099 1100Copyright information: 1101 1102Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh. All Rights Reserved. 1103 1104Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without 1105modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this 1106document are permitted without further permission from the author. 1107 1108THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 1109IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 1110WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE 1111DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, 1112INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES 1113(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR 1114SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 1115HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, 1116STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING 1117IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 1118POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 1119 1120Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of 1121this document. 1122 1123$FreeBSD: head/UPDATING 205014 2010-03-11 14:49:06Z nwhitehorn $ 1124