UPDATING revision 196856
1Updating Information for FreeBSD current users 2 3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>. 4See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the 5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you 6basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD 7handbook. 8 9Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in 10/usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before running portupgrade. 11 12NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 9.x IS SLOW: 13 FreeBSD 9.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel 14 and userland. These features attempt to detect incorrect use of 15 system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity 16 checking and fail stop semantics. They also substantially impact 17 system performance. If you want to do performance measurement, 18 benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off. This 19 includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc 20 debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the 21 kernel. Many developers choose to disable these features on build 22 machines to maximize performance. (To disable malloc debugging, run 23 ln -s aj /etc/malloc.conf.) 24 2520090825: 26 The old tunable hw.bus.devctl_disable has been superseded by 27 hw.bus.devctl_queue. hw.bus.devctl_disable=1 in loader.conf should be 28 replaced by hw.bus.devctl_queue=0. The default for this new tunable 29 is 1000. 30 3120090813: 32 Remove the option STOP_NMI. The default action is now to use NMI only 33 for KDB via the newly introduced function stop_cpus_hard() and 34 maintain stop_cpus() to just use a normal IPI_STOP on ia32 and amd64. 35 3620090803: 37 stable/8 branch created in subversion. 38 3920090719: 40 Bump the shared library version numbers for all libraries that do not 41 use symbol versioning as part of the 8.0-RELEASE cycle. Bump 42 __FreeBSD_version to 800105. 43 4420090714: 45 Due to changes in the implementation of virtual network stack support, 46 all network-related kernel modules must be recompiled. As this change 47 breaks the ABI, bump __FreeBSD_version to 800104. 48 4920090713: 50 The TOE interface to the TCP syncache has been modified to remove 51 struct tcpopt (<netinet/tcp_var.h>) from the ABI of the network stack. 52 The cxgb driver is the only TOE consumer affected by this change, and 53 needs to be recompiled along with the kernel. As this change breaks 54 the ABI, bump __FreeBSD_version to 800103. 55 5620090712: 57 Padding has been added to struct tcpcb, sackhint and tcpstat in 58 <netinet/tcp_var.h> to facilitate future MFCs and bug fixes whilst 59 maintainig the ABI. However, this change breaks the ABI, so bump 60 __FreeBSD_version to 800102. User space tools that rely on the size of 61 any of these structs (e.g. sockstat) need to be recompiled. 62 6320090630: 64 The NFS_LEGACYRPC option has been removed along with the old kernel 65 RPC implementation that this option selected. Kernel configurations 66 may need to be adjusted. 67 6820090629: 69 The network interface device nodes at /dev/net/<interface> have been 70 removed. All ioctl operations can be performed the normal way using 71 routing sockets. The kqueue functionality can generally be replaced 72 with routing sockets. 73 7420090628: 75 The documentation from the FreeBSD Documentation Project (Handbook, 76 FAQ, etc.) is now installed via packages by sysinstall(8) and under 77 the /usr/local/share/doc/freebsd directory instead of /usr/share/doc. 78 7920090624: 80 The ABI of various structures related to the SYSV IPC API have been 81 changed. As a result, the COMPAT_FREEBSD[456] and COMPAT_43 kernel 82 options now all require COMPAT_FREEBSD7. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 83 800100. 84 8520090622: 86 Layout of struct vnet has changed as routing related variables were 87 moved to their own Vimage module. Modules need to be recompiled. Bump 88 __FreeBSD_version to 800099. 89 9020090619: 91 NGROUPS_MAX and NGROUPS have been increased from 16 to 1023 and 1024 92 respectively. As long as no more than 16 groups per process are used, 93 no changes should be visible. When more than 16 groups are used, old 94 binaries may fail if they call getgroups() or getgrouplist() with 95 statically sized storage. Recompiling will work around this, but 96 applications should be modified to use dynamically allocated storage 97 for group arrays as POSIX.1-2008 does not cap an implementation's 98 number of supported groups at NGROUPS_MAX+1 as previous versions did. 99 100 NFS and portalfs mounts may also be affected as the list of groups is 101 truncated to 16. Users of NFS who use more than 16 groups, should 102 take care that negative group permissions are not used on the exported 103 file systems as they will not be reliable unless a GSSAPI based 104 authentication method is used. 105 10620090616: 107 The compiling option ADAPTIVE_LOCKMGRS has been introduced. This 108 option compiles in the support for adaptive spinning for lockmgrs 109 which want to enable it. The lockinit() function now accepts the flag 110 LK_ADAPTIVE in order to make the lock object subject to adaptive 111 spinning when both held in write and read mode. 112 11320090613: 114 The layout of the structure returned by IEEE80211_IOC_STA_INFO has 115 changed. User applications that use this ioctl need to be rebuilt. 116 11720090611: 118 The layout of struct thread has changed. Kernel and modules need to 119 be rebuilt. 120 12120090608: 122 The layout of structs ifnet, domain, protosw and vnet_net has changed. 123 Kernel modules need to be rebuilt. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800097. 124 12520090602: 126 window(1) has been removed from the base system. It can now be 127 installed from ports. The port is called misc/window. 128 12920090601: 130 The way we are storing and accessing `routing table' entries has 131 changed. Programs reading the FIB, like netstat, need to be 132 re-compiled. 133 13420090601: 135 A new netisr implementation has been added for FreeBSD 8. Network 136 file system modules, such as igmp, ipdivert, and others, should be 137 rebuilt. 138 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800096. 139 14020090530: 141 Remove the tunable/sysctl debug.mpsafevfs as its initial purpose is no 142 more valid. 143 14420090530: 145 Add VOP_ACCESSX(9). File system modules need to be rebuilt. 146 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800094. 147 14820090529: 149 Add mnt_xflag field to 'struct mount'. File system modules need to be 150 rebuilt. 151 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800093. 152 15320090528: 154 The compiling option ADAPTIVE_SX has been retired while it has been 155 introduced the option NO_ADAPTIVE_SX which handles the reversed logic. 156 The KPI for sx_init_flags() changes as accepting flags: 157 SX_ADAPTIVESPIN flag has been retired while the SX_NOADAPTIVE flag has 158 been introduced in order to handle the reversed logic. 159 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800092. 160 16120090527: 162 Add support for hierarchical jails. Remove global securelevel. 163 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800091. 164 16520090523: 166 The layout of struct vnet_net has changed, therefore modules 167 need to be rebuilt. 168 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800090. 169 17020090523: 171 The newly imported zic(8) produces a new format in the output. Please 172 run tzsetup(8) to install the newly created data to /etc/localtime. 173 17420090520: 175 The sysctl tree for the usb stack has renamed from hw.usb2.* to 176 hw.usb.* and is now consistent again with previous releases. 177 17820090520: 179 802.11 monitor mode support was revised and driver api's were changed. 180 Drivers dependent on net80211 now support DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO instead 181 of DLT_IEEE802_11. No user-visible data structures were changed but 182 applications that use DLT_IEEE802_11 may require changes. 183 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800088. 184 18520090430: 186 The layout of the following structs has changed: sysctl_oid, 187 socket, ifnet, inpcbinfo, tcpcb, syncache_head, vnet_inet, 188 vnet_inet6 and vnet_ipfw. Most modules need to be rebuild or 189 panics may be experienced. World rebuild is required for 190 correctly checking networking state from userland. 191 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800085. 192 19320090429: 194 MLDv2 and Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) have been merged 195 to the IPv6 stack. VIMAGE hooks are in but not yet used. 196 The implementation of SSM within FreeBSD's IPv6 stack closely 197 follows the IPv4 implementation. 198 199 For kernel developers: 200 201 * The most important changes are that the ip6_output() and 202 ip6_input() paths no longer take the IN6_MULTI_LOCK, 203 and this lock has been downgraded to a non-recursive mutex. 204 205 * As with the changes to the IPv4 stack to support SSM, filtering 206 of inbound multicast traffic must now be performed by transport 207 protocols within the IPv6 stack. This does not apply to TCP and 208 SCTP, however, it does apply to UDP in IPv6 and raw IPv6. 209 210 * The KPIs used by IPv6 multicast are similar to those used by 211 the IPv4 stack, with the following differences: 212 * im6o_mc_filter() is analogous to imo_multicast_filter(). 213 * The legacy KAME entry points in6_joingroup and in6_leavegroup() 214 are shimmed to in6_mc_join() and in6_mc_leave() respectively. 215 * IN6_LOOKUP_MULTI() has been deprecated and removed. 216 * IPv6 relies on MLD for the DAD mechanism. KAME's internal KPIs 217 for MLDv1 have an additional 'timer' argument which is used to 218 jitter the initial membership report for the solicited-node 219 multicast membership on-link. 220 * This is not strictly needed for MLDv2, which already jitters 221 its report transmissions. However, the 'timer' argument is 222 preserved in case MLDv1 is active on the interface. 223 224 * The KAME linked-list based IPv6 membership implementation has 225 been refactored to use a vector similar to that used by the IPv4 226 stack. 227 Code which maintains a list of its own multicast memberships 228 internally, e.g. carp, has been updated to reflect the new 229 semantics. 230 231 * There is a known Lock Order Reversal (LOR) due to in6_setscope() 232 acquiring the IF_AFDATA_LOCK and being called within ip6_output(). 233 Whilst MLDv2 tries to avoid this otherwise benign LOR, it is an 234 implementation constraint which needs to be addressed in HEAD. 235 236 For application developers: 237 238 * The changes are broadly similar to those made for the IPv4 239 stack. 240 241 * The use of IPv4 and IPv6 multicast socket options on the same 242 socket, using mapped addresses, HAS NOT been tested or supported. 243 244 * There are a number of issues with the implementation of various 245 IPv6 multicast APIs which need to be resolved in the API surface 246 before the implementation is fully compatible with KAME userland 247 use, and these are mostly to do with interface index treatment. 248 249 * The literature available discusses the use of either the delta / ASM 250 API with setsockopt(2)/getsockopt(2), or the full-state / ASM API 251 using setsourcefilter(3)/getsourcefilter(3). For more information 252 please refer to RFC 3768, 'Socket Interface Extensions for 253 Multicast Source Filters'. 254 255 * Applications which use the published RFC 3678 APIs should be fine. 256 257 For systems administrators: 258 259 * The mtest(8) utility has been refactored to support IPv6, in 260 addition to IPv4. Interface addresses are no longer accepted 261 as arguments, their names must be used instead. The utility 262 will map the interface name to its first IPv4 address as 263 returned by getifaddrs(3). 264 265 * The ifmcstat(8) utility has also been updated to print the MLDv2 266 endpoint state and source filter lists via sysctl(3). 267 268 * The net.inet6.ip6.mcast.loop sysctl may be tuned to 0 to disable 269 loopback of IPv6 multicast datagrams by default; it defaults to 1 270 to preserve the existing behaviour. Disabling multicast loopback is 271 recommended for optimal system performance. 272 273 * The IPv6 MROUTING code has been changed to examine this sysctl 274 instead of attempting to perform a group lookup before looping 275 back forwarded datagrams. 276 277 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800084. 278 27920090422: 280 Implement low-level Bluetooth HCI API. 281 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800083. 282 28320090419: 284 The layout of struct malloc_type, used by modules to register new 285 memory allocation types, has changed. Most modules will need to 286 be rebuilt or panics may be experienced. 287 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800081. 288 28920090415: 290 Anticipate overflowing inp_flags - add inp_flags2. 291 This changes most offsets in inpcb, so checking v4 connection 292 state will require a world rebuild. 293 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800080. 294 29520090415: 296 Add an llentry to struct route and struct route_in6. Modules 297 embedding a struct route will need to be recompiled. 298 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800079. 299 30020090414: 301 The size of rt_metrics_lite and by extension rtentry has changed. 302 Networking administration apps will need to be recompiled. 303 The route command now supports show as an alias for get, weighting 304 of routes, sticky and nostick flags to alter the behavior of stateful 305 load balancing. 306 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800078. 307 30820090408: 309 Do not use Giant for kbdmux(4) locking. This is wrong and 310 apparently causing more problems than it solves. This will 311 re-open the issue where interrupt handlers may race with 312 kbdmux(4) in polling mode. Typical symptoms include (but 313 not limited to) duplicated and/or missing characters when 314 low level console functions (such as gets) are used while 315 interrupts are enabled (for example geli password prompt, 316 mountroot prompt etc.). Disabling kbdmux(4) may help. 317 31820090407: 319 The size of structs vnet_net, vnet_inet and vnet_ipfw has changed; 320 kernel modules referencing any of the above need to be recompiled. 321 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800075. 322 32320090320: 324 GEOM_PART has become the default partition slicer for storage devices, 325 replacing GEOM_MBR, GEOM_BSD, GEOM_PC98 and GEOM_GPT slicers. It 326 introduces some changes: 327 328 MSDOS/EBR: the devices created from MSDOS extended partition entries 329 (EBR) can be named differently than with GEOM_MBR and are now symlinks 330 to devices with offset-based names. fstabs may need to be modified. 331 332 BSD: the "geometry does not match label" warning is harmless in most 333 cases but it points to problems in file system misalignment with 334 disk geometry. The "c" partition is now implicit, covers the whole 335 top-level drive and cannot be (mis)used by users. 336 337 General: Kernel dumps are now not allowed to be written to devices 338 whose partition types indicate they are meant to be used for file 339 systems (or, in case of MSDOS partitions, as something else than 340 the "386BSD" type). 341 342 Most of these changes date approximately from 200812. 343 34420090319: 345 The uscanner(4) driver has been removed from the kernel. This follows 346 Linux removing theirs in 2.6 and making libusb the default interface 347 (supported by sane). 348 34920090319: 350 The multicast forwarding code has been cleaned up. netstat(1) 351 only relies on KVM now for printing bandwidth upcall meters. 352 The IPv4 and IPv6 modules are split into ip_mroute_mod and 353 ip6_mroute_mod respectively. The config(5) options for statically 354 compiling this code remain the same, i.e. 'options MROUTING'. 355 35620090315: 357 Support for the IFF_NEEDSGIANT network interface flag has been 358 removed, which means that non-MPSAFE network device drivers are no 359 longer supported. In particular, if_ar, if_sr, and network device 360 drivers from the old (legacy) USB stack can no longer be built or 361 used. 362 36320090313: 364 POSIX.1 Native Language Support (NLS) has been enabled in libc and 365 a bunch of new language catalog files have also been added. 366 This means that some common libc messages are now localized and 367 they depend on the LC_MESSAGES environmental variable. 368 36920090313: 370 The k8temp(4) driver has been renamed to amdtemp(4) since 371 support for K10 and K11 CPU families was added. 372 37320090309: 374 IGMPv3 and Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) have been merged 375 to the IPv4 stack. VIMAGE hooks are in but not yet used. 376 377 For kernel developers, the most important changes are that the 378 ip_output() and ip_input() paths no longer take the IN_MULTI_LOCK(), 379 and this lock has been downgraded to a non-recursive mutex. 380 381 Transport protocols (UDP, Raw IP) are now responsible for filtering 382 inbound multicast traffic according to group membership and source 383 filters. The imo_multicast_filter() KPI exists for this purpose. 384 Transports which do not use multicast (SCTP, TCP) already reject 385 multicast by default. Forwarding and receive performance may improve 386 as a mutex acquisition is no longer needed in the ip_input() 387 low-level input path. in_addmulti() and in_delmulti() are shimmed 388 to new KPIs which exist to support SSM in-kernel. 389 390 For application developers, it is recommended that loopback of 391 multicast datagrams be disabled for best performance, as this 392 will still cause the lock to be taken for each looped-back 393 datagram transmission. The net.inet.ip.mcast.loop sysctl may 394 be tuned to 0 to disable loopback by default; it defaults to 1 395 to preserve the existing behaviour. 396 397 For systems administrators, to obtain best performance with 398 multicast reception and multiple groups, it is always recommended 399 that a card with a suitably precise hash filter is used. Hash 400 collisions will still result in the lock being taken within the 401 transport protocol input path to check group membership. 402 403 If deploying FreeBSD in an environment with IGMP snooping switches, 404 it is recommended that the net.inet.igmp.sendlocal sysctl remain 405 enabled; this forces 224.0.0.0/24 group membership to be announced 406 via IGMP. 407 408 The size of 'struct igmpstat' has changed; netstat needs to be 409 recompiled to reflect this. 410 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800070. 411 41220090309: 413 libusb20.so.1 is now installed as libusb.so.1 and the ports system 414 updated to use it. This requires a buildworld/installworld in order to 415 update the library and dependencies (usbconfig, etc). Its advisable to 416 rebuild all ports which uses libusb. More specific directions are given 417 in the ports collection UPDATING file. Any /etc/libmap.conf entries for 418 libusb are no longer required and can be removed. 419 42020090302: 421 A workaround is committed to allow the creation of System V shared 422 memory segment of size > 2 GB on the 64-bit architectures. 423 Due to a limitation of the existing ABI, the shm_segsz member 424 of the struct shmid_ds, returned by shmctl(IPC_STAT) call is 425 wrong for large segments. Note that limits must be explicitly 426 raised to allow such segments to be created. 427 42820090301: 429 The layout of struct ifnet has changed, requiring a rebuild of all 430 network device driver modules. 431 43220090227: 433 The /dev handling for the new USB stack has changed, a 434 buildworld/installworld is required for libusb20. 435 43620090223: 437 The new USB2 stack has now been permanently moved in and all kernel and 438 module names reverted to their previous values (eg, usb, ehci, ohci, 439 ums, ...). The old usb stack can be compiled in by prefixing the name 440 with the letter 'o', the old usb modules have been removed. 441 Updating entry 20090216 for xorg and 20090215 for libmap may still 442 apply. 443 44420090217: 445 The rc.conf(5) option if_up_delay has been renamed to 446 defaultroute_delay to better reflect its purpose. If you have 447 customized this setting in /etc/rc.conf you need to update it to 448 use the new name. 449 45020090216: 451 xorg 7.4 wants to configure its input devices via hald which does not 452 yet work with USB2. If the keyboard/mouse does not work in xorg then 453 add 454 Option "AllowEmptyInput" "off" 455 to your ServerLayout section. This will cause X to use the configured 456 kbd and mouse sections from your xorg.conf. 457 45820090215: 459 The GENERIC kernels for all architectures now default to the new USB2 460 stack. No kernel config options or code have been removed so if a 461 problem arises please report it and optionally revert to the old USB 462 stack. If you are loading USB kernel modules or have a custom kernel 463 that includes GENERIC then ensure that usb names are also changed over, 464 eg uftdi -> usb2_serial_ftdi. 465 466 Older programs linked against the ports libusb 0.1 need to be 467 redirected to the new stack's libusb20. /etc/libmap.conf can 468 be used for this: 469 # Map old usb library to new one for usb2 stack 470 libusb-0.1.so.8 libusb20.so.1 471 47220090203: 473 The ichsmb(4) driver has been changed to require SMBus slave 474 addresses be left-justified (xxxxxxx0b) rather than right-justified. 475 All of the other SMBus controller drivers require left-justified 476 slave addresses, so this change makes all the drivers provide the 477 same interface. 478 47920090201: 480 INET6 statistics (struct ip6stat) was updated. 481 netstat(1) needs to be recompiled. 482 48320090119: 484 NTFS has been removed from GENERIC kernel on amd64 to match 485 GENERIC on i386. Should not cause any issues since mount_ntfs(8) 486 will load ntfs.ko module automatically when NTFS support is 487 actually needed, unless ntfs.ko is not installed or security 488 level prohibits loading kernel modules. If either is the case, 489 "options NTFS" has to be added into kernel config. 490 49120090115: 492 TCP Appropriate Byte Counting (RFC 3465) support added to kernel. 493 New field in struct tcpcb breaks ABI, so bump __FreeBSD_version to 494 800061. User space tools that rely on the size of struct tcpcb in 495 tcp_var.h (e.g. sockstat) need to be recompiled. 496 49720081225: 498 ng_tty(4) module updated to match the new TTY subsystem. 499 Due to API change, user-level applications must be updated. 500 New API support added to mpd5 CVS and expected to be present 501 in next mpd5.3 release. 502 50320081219: 504 With __FreeBSD_version 800060 the makefs tool is part of 505 the base system (it was a port). 506 50720081216: 508 The afdata and ifnet locks have been changed from mutexes to 509 rwlocks, network modules will need to be re-compiled. 510 51120081214: 512 __FreeBSD_version 800059 incorporates the new arp-v2 rewrite. 513 RTF_CLONING, RTF_LLINFO and RTF_WASCLONED flags are eliminated. 514 The new code reduced struct rtentry{} by 16 bytes on 32-bit 515 architecture and 40 bytes on 64-bit architecture. The userland 516 applications "arp" and "ndp" have been updated accordingly. 517 The output from "netstat -r" shows only routing entries and 518 none of the L2 information. 519 52020081130: 521 __FreeBSD_version 800057 marks the switchover from the 522 binary ath hal to source code. Users must add the line: 523 524 options AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 525 526 to their kernel config files when specifying: 527 528 device ath_hal 529 530 The ath_hal module no longer exists; the code is now compiled 531 together with the driver in the ath module. It is now 532 possible to tailor chip support (i.e. reduce the set of chips 533 and thereby the code size); consult ath_hal(4) for details. 534 53520081121: 536 __FreeBSD_version 800054 adds memory barriers to 537 <machine/atomic.h>, new interfaces to ifnet to facilitate 538 multiple hardware transmit queues for cards that support 539 them, and a lock-less ring-buffer implementation to 540 enable drivers to more efficiently manage queueing of 541 packets. 542 54320081117: 544 A new version of ZFS (version 13) has been merged to -HEAD. 545 This version has zpool attribute "listsnapshots" off by 546 default, which means "zfs list" does not show snapshots, 547 and is the same as Solaris behavior. 548 54920081028: 550 dummynet(4) ABI has changed. ipfw(8) needs to be recompiled. 551 55220081009: 553 The uhci, ohci, ehci and slhci USB Host controller drivers have 554 been put into separate modules. If you load the usb module 555 separately through loader.conf you will need to load the 556 appropriate *hci module as well. E.g. for a UHCI-based USB 2.0 557 controller add the following to loader.conf: 558 559 uhci_load="YES" 560 ehci_load="YES" 561 56220081009: 563 The ABI used by the PMC toolset has changed. Please keep 564 userland (libpmc(3)) and the kernel module (hwpmc(4)) in 565 sync. 566 56720080820: 568 The TTY subsystem of the kernel has been replaced by a new 569 implementation, which provides better scalability and an 570 improved driver model. Most common drivers have been migrated to 571 the new TTY subsystem, while others have not. The following 572 drivers have not yet been ported to the new TTY layer: 573 574 PCI/ISA: 575 cy, digi, rc, rp, sio 576 577 USB: 578 ubser, ucycom 579 580 Line disciplines: 581 ng_h4, ng_tty, ppp, sl, snp 582 583 Adding these drivers to your kernel configuration file shall 584 cause compilation to fail. 585 58620080818: 587 ntpd has been upgraded to 4.2.4p5. 588 58920080801: 590 OpenSSH has been upgraded to 5.1p1. 591 592 For many years, FreeBSD's version of OpenSSH preferred DSA 593 over RSA for host and user authentication keys. With this 594 upgrade, we've switched to the vendor's default of RSA over 595 DSA. This may cause upgraded clients to warn about unknown 596 host keys even for previously known hosts. Users should 597 follow the usual procedure for verifying host keys before 598 accepting the RSA key. 599 600 This can be circumvented by setting the "HostKeyAlgorithms" 601 option to "ssh-dss,ssh-rsa" in ~/.ssh/config or on the ssh 602 command line. 603 604 Please note that the sequence of keys offered for 605 authentication has been changed as well. You may want to 606 specify IdentityFile in a different order to revert this 607 behavior. 608 60920080713: 610 The sio(4) driver has been removed from the i386 and amd64 611 kernel configuration files. This means uart(4) is now the 612 default serial port driver on those platforms as well. 613 614 To prevent collisions with the sio(4) driver, the uart(4) driver 615 uses different names for its device nodes. This means the 616 onboard serial port will now most likely be called "ttyu0" 617 instead of "ttyd0". You may need to reconfigure applications to 618 use the new device names. 619 620 When using the serial port as a boot console, be sure to update 621 /boot/device.hints and /etc/ttys before booting the new kernel. 622 If you forget to do so, you can still manually specify the hints 623 at the loader prompt: 624 625 set hint.uart.0.at="isa" 626 set hint.uart.0.port="0x3F8" 627 set hint.uart.0.flags="0x10" 628 set hint.uart.0.irq="4" 629 boot -s 630 63120080609: 632 The gpt(8) utility has been removed. Use gpart(8) to partition 633 disks instead. 634 63520080603: 636 The version that Linuxulator emulates was changed from 2.4.2 637 to 2.6.16. If you experience any problems with Linux binaries 638 please try to set sysctl compat.linux.osrelease to 2.4.2 and 639 if it fixes the problem contact emulation mailing list. 640 64120080525: 642 ISDN4BSD (I4B) was removed from the src tree. You may need to 643 update a your kernel configuration and remove relevant entries. 644 64520080509: 646 I have checked in code to support multiple routing tables. 647 See the man pages setfib(1) and setfib(2). 648 This is a hopefully backwards compatible version, 649 but to make use of it you need to compile your kernel 650 with options ROUTETABLES=2 (or more up to 16). 651 65220080420: 653 The 802.11 wireless support was redone to enable multi-bss 654 operation on devices that are capable. The underlying device 655 is no longer used directly but instead wlanX devices are 656 cloned with ifconfig. This requires changes to rc.conf files. 657 For example, change: 658 ifconfig_ath0="WPA DHCP" 659 to 660 wlans_ath0=wlan0 661 ifconfig_wlan0="WPA DHCP" 662 see rc.conf(5) for more details. In addition, mergemaster of 663 /etc/rc.d is highly recommended. Simultaneous update of userland 664 and kernel wouldn't hurt either. 665 666 As part of the multi-bss changes the wlan_scan_ap and wlan_scan_sta 667 modules were merged into the base wlan module. All references 668 to these modules (e.g. in kernel config files) must be removed. 669 67020080408: 671 psm(4) has gained write(2) support in native operation level. 672 Arbitrary commands can be written to /dev/psm%d and status can 673 be read back from it. Therefore, an application is responsible 674 for status validation and error recovery. It is a no-op in 675 other operation levels. 676 67720080312: 678 Support for KSE threading has been removed from the kernel. To 679 run legacy applications linked against KSE libmap.conf may 680 be used. The following libmap.conf may be used to ensure 681 compatibility with any prior release: 682 683 libpthread.so.1 libthr.so.1 684 libpthread.so.2 libthr.so.2 685 libkse.so.3 libthr.so.3 686 68720080301: 688 The layout of struct vmspace has changed. This affects libkvm 689 and any executables that link against libkvm and use the 690 kvm_getprocs() function. In particular, but not exclusively, 691 it affects ps(1), fstat(1), pkill(1), systat(1), top(1) and w(1). 692 The effects are minimal, but it's advisable to upgrade world 693 nonetheless. 694 69520080229: 696 The latest em driver no longer has support in it for the 697 82575 adapter, this is now moved to the igb driver. The 698 split was done to make new features that are incompatible 699 with older hardware easier to do. 700 70120080220: 702 The new geom_lvm(4) geom class has been renamed to geom_linux_lvm(4), 703 likewise the kernel option is now GEOM_LINUX_LVM. 704 70520080211: 706 The default NFS mount mode has changed from UDP to TCP for 707 increased reliability. If you rely on (insecurely) NFS 708 mounting across a firewall you may need to update your 709 firewall rules. 710 71120080208: 712 Belatedly note the addition of m_collapse for compacting 713 mbuf chains. 714 71520080126: 716 The fts(3) structures have been changed to use adequate 717 integer types for their members and so to be able to cope 718 with huge file trees. The old fts(3) ABI is preserved 719 through symbol versioning in libc, so third-party binaries 720 using fts(3) should still work, although they will not take 721 advantage of the extended types. At the same time, some 722 third-party software might fail to build after this change 723 due to unportable assumptions made in its source code about 724 fts(3) structure members. Such software should be fixed 725 by its vendor or, in the worst case, in the ports tree. 726 FreeBSD_version 800015 marks this change for the unlikely 727 case that a portable fix is impossible. 728 72920080123: 730 To upgrade to -current after this date, you must be running 731 FreeBSD not older than 6.0-RELEASE. Upgrading to -current 732 from 5.x now requires a stop over at RELENG_6 or RELENG_7 systems. 733 73420071128: 735 The ADAPTIVE_GIANT kernel option has been retired because its 736 functionality is the default now. 737 73820071118: 739 The AT keyboard emulation of sunkbd(4) has been turned on 740 by default. In order to make the special symbols of the Sun 741 keyboards driven by sunkbd(4) work under X these now have 742 to be configured the same way as Sun USB keyboards driven 743 by ukbd(4) (which also does AT keyboard emulation), f.e.: 744 745 Option "XkbLayout" "us" 746 Option "XkbRules" "xorg" 747 Option "XkbSymbols" "pc(pc105)+sun_vndr/usb(sun_usb)+us" 748 74920071024: 750 It has been decided that it is desirable to provide ABI 751 backwards compatibility to the FreeBSD 4/5/6 versions of the 752 PCIOCGETCONF, PCIOCREAD and PCIOCWRITE IOCTLs, which was 753 broken with the introduction of PCI domain support (see the 754 20070930 entry). Unfortunately, this required the ABI of 755 PCIOCGETCONF to be broken again in order to be able to 756 provide backwards compatibility to the old version of that 757 IOCTL. Thus consumers of PCIOCGETCONF have to be recompiled 758 again. As for prominent ports this affects neither pciutils 759 nor xorg-server this time, the hal port needs to be rebuilt 760 however. 761 76220071020: 763 The misnamed kthread_create() and friends have been renamed 764 to kproc_create() etc. Many of the callers already 765 used kproc_start().. 766 I will return kthread_create() and friends in a while 767 with implementations that actually create threads, not procs. 768 Renaming corresponds with version 800002. 769 77020071010: 771 RELENG_7 branched. 772 773COMMON ITEMS: 774 775 General Notes 776 ------------- 777 Avoid using make -j when upgrading. While generally safe, there are 778 sometimes problems using -j to upgrade. If your upgrade fails with 779 -j, please try again wtihout -j. From time to time in the past there 780 have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or installworld. This 781 is especially true when upgrading between "distant" versions (eg one 782 that cross a major release boundary or several minor releases, or when 783 several months have passed on the -current branch). 784 785 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment 786 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its 787 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run 788 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make 789 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details. 790 791 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best 792 to upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, 793 then do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade 794 path, and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try 795 this approach before reporting problems with a major version upgrade. 796 797 To build a kernel 798 ----------------- 799 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just 800 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most 801 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld, 802 803 make kernel-toolchain 804 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 805 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 806 807 To test a kernel once 808 --------------------- 809 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure 810 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide 811 debugging information) run 812 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel 813 nextboot -k testkernel 814 815 To just build a kernel when you know that it won't mess you up 816 -------------------------------------------------------------- 817 This assumes you are already running a CURRENT system. Replace 818 ${arch} with the architecture of your machine (e.g. "i386", 819 "arm", "amd64", "ia64", "pc98", "sparc64", "powerpc", "mips", etc). 820 821 cd src/sys/${arch}/conf 822 config KERNEL_NAME_HERE 823 cd ../compile/KERNEL_NAME_HERE 824 make depend 825 make 826 make install 827 828 If this fails, go to the "To build a kernel" section. 829 830 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system. 831 ----------------------------------------------------------- 832 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than 833 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current. 834 835 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 836 make buildworld 837 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 838 [1] 839 <reboot in single user> [3] 840 mergemaster -p [5] 841 make installworld 842 make delete-old 843 mergemaster [4] 844 <reboot> 845 846 847 To cross-install current onto a separate partition 848 -------------------------------------------------- 849 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold 850 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition 851 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in 852 # size. 853 854 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 855 <boot into -stable> 856 make buildworld 857 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 858 <maybe newfs current's root partition> 859 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}> 860 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 861 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd 862 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 863 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd 864 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition> 865 <reboot into current> 866 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section> 867 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*> 868 <reboot> 869 870 871 To upgrade in-place from 8.x-stable to current 872 ---------------------------------------------- 873 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 874 make buildworld [9] 875 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8] 876 [1] 877 <reboot in single user> [3] 878 mergemaster -p [5] 879 make installworld 880 make delete-old 881 mergemaster -i [4] 882 <reboot> 883 884 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the 885 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life 886 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own 887 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of 888 the UPDATING entries. 889 890 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to 891 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update 892 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent 893 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has 894 much fewer pitfalls. 895 896 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you 897 should disable them at this point so they don't crash your 898 system on reboot. 899 900 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do 901 fsck -p 902 mount -u / 903 mount -a 904 cd src 905 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time 906 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that 907 you boot into single user mode to do the installworld. 908 909 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step 910 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the 911 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those 912 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well 913 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists 914 for potential gotchas. 915 916 [5] Usually this step is a noop. However, from time to time 917 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following 918 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to 919 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make 920 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated 921 from current before 20020224 or from -stable before 20020408. 922 923 [8] In order to have a kernel that can run the 4.x binaries needed to 924 do an installworld, you must include the COMPAT_FREEBSD4 option in 925 your kernel. Failure to do so may leave you with a system that is 926 hard to boot to recover. A similar kernel option COMPAT_FREEBSD5 is 927 required to run the 5.x binaries on more recent kernels. And so on 928 for COMPAT_FREEBSD6 and COMPAT_FREEBSD7. 929 930 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the 931 last time you updated your kernel config file. 932 933 [9] When checking out sources, you must include the -P flag to have 934 cvs prune empty directories. 935 936 If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the 937 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can 938 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to. 939 940 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and 941 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will 942 warn if it is improperly defined. 943FORMAT: 944 945This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major 946breakages in tracking -current. Not all things will be listed here, 947and it only starts on October 16, 2004. Updating files can found in 948previous releases if your system is older than this. 949 950Copyright information: 951 952Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh. All Rights Reserved. 953 954Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without 955modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this 956document are permitted without further permission from the author. 957 958THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 959IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 960WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE 961DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, 962INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES 963(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR 964SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 965HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, 966STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING 967IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 968POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 969 970Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of 971this document. 972 973$FreeBSD: head/UPDATING 196856 2009-09-05 08:08:14Z imp $ 974