UPDATING revision 188660
1Updating Information for FreeBSD current users 2 3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh 4<imp@village.org>. See end of file for further details. For commonly 5done items, please see the COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. 6 7Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in 8/usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before running 9portupgrade. 10 11NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 8.x IS SLOW: 12 FreeBSD 8.x has many debugging features turned on, in 13 both the kernel and userland. These features attempt to detect 14 incorrect use of system primitives, and encourage loud failure 15 through extra sanity checking and fail stop semantics. They 16 also substantially impact system performance. If you want to 17 do performance measurement, benchmarking, and optimization, 18 you'll want to turn them off. This includes various WITNESS- 19 related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc debugging flags 20 in userland, and various verbose features in the kernel. Many 21 developers choose to disable these features on build machines 22 to maximize performance. (To disable malloc debugging, run 23 ln -s aj /etc/malloc.conf.) 24 2520090215: 26 The GENERIC kernels for all architectures now default to the new USB2 27 stack. No kernel config options or code have been removed so if a 28 problem arises please report it and optionally revert to the old USB 29 stack. If you are loading USB kernel modules or have a custom kernel 30 that includes GENERIC then ensure that usb names are also changed over, 31 eg uftdi -> usb2_serial_ftdi 32 3320090203: 34 The ichsmb(4) driver has been changed to require SMBus slave 35 addresses be left-justified (xxxxxxx0b) rather than right-justified. 36 All of the other SMBus controller drivers require left-justified 37 slave addresses, so this change makes all the drivers provide the 38 same interface. 39 4020090201: 41 INET6 statistics (struct ip6stat) was updated. 42 netstat(1) needs to be recompiled. 43 4420090119: 45 NTFS has been removed from GENERIC kernel on amd64 to match 46 GENERIC on i386. Should not cause any issues since mount_ntfs(8) 47 will load ntfs.ko module automatically when NTFS support is 48 actually needed, unless ntfs.ko is not installed or security 49 level prohibits loading kernel modules. If either is the case, 50 "options NTFS" has to be added into kernel config. 51 5220090115: 53 TCP Appropriate Byte Counting (RFC 3465) support added to kernel. 54 New field in struct tcpcb breaks ABI, so bump __FreeBSD_version to 55 800061. User space tools that rely on the size of struct tcpcb in 56 tcp_var.h (e.g. sockstat) need to be recompiled. 57 5820081225: 59 ng_tty(4) module updated to match the new TTY subsystem. 60 Due to API change, user-level applications must be updated. 61 New API support added to mpd5 CVS and expected to be present 62 in next mpd5.3 release. 63 6420081219: 65 With __FreeBSD_version 800060 the makefs tool is part of 66 the base system (it was a port). 67 6820081216: 69 The afdata and ifnet locks have been changed from mutexes to 70 rwlocks, network modules will need to be re-compiled. 71 7220081214: 73 __FreeBSD_version 800059 incorporates the new arp-v2 rewrite. 74 RTF_CLONING, RTF_LLINFO and RTF_WASCLONED flags are eliminated. 75 The new code reduced struct rtentry{} by 16 bytes on 32-bit 76 architecture and 40 bytes on 64-bit architecture. The userland 77 applications "arp" and "ndp" have been updated accordingly. 78 The output from "netstat -r" shows only routing entries and 79 none of the L2 information. 80 8120081130: 82 __FreeBSD_version 800057 marks the switchover from the 83 binary ath hal to source code. Users must add the line: 84 85 options AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 86 87 to their kernel config files when specifying: 88 89 device ath_hal 90 91 The ath_hal module no longer exists; the code is now compiled 92 together with the driver in the ath module. It is now 93 possible to tailor chip support (i.e. reduce the set of chips 94 and thereby the code size); consult ath_hal(4) for details. 95 9620081121: 97 __FreeBSD_version 800054 adds memory barriers to 98 <machine/atomic.h>, new interfaces to ifnet to facilitate 99 multiple hardware transmit queues for cards that support 100 them, and a lock-less ring-buffer implementation to 101 enable drivers to more efficiently manage queueing of 102 packets. 103 10420081117: 105 A new version of ZFS (version 13) has been merged to -HEAD. 106 This version has zpool attribute "listsnapshots" off by 107 default, which means "zfs list" does not show snapshots, 108 and is the same as Solaris behavior. 109 11020081028: 111 dummynet(4) ABI has changed. ipfw(8) needs to be recompiled. 112 11320081009: 114 The uhci, ohci, ehci and slhci USB Host controller drivers have 115 been put into separate modules. If you load the usb module 116 separately through loader.conf you will need to load the 117 appropriate *hci module as well. E.g. for a UHCI-based USB 2.0 118 controller add the following to loader.conf: 119 120 uhci_load="YES" 121 ehci_load="YES" 122 12320081009: 124 The ABI used by the PMC toolset has changed. Please keep 125 userland (libpmc(3)) and the kernel module (hwpmc(4)) in 126 sync. 127 12820080820: 129 The TTY subsystem of the kernel has been replaced by a new 130 implementation, which provides better scalability and an 131 improved driver model. Most common drivers have been migrated to 132 the new TTY subsystem, while others have not. The following 133 drivers have not yet been ported to the new TTY layer: 134 135 PCI/ISA: 136 cy, digi, rc, rp, sio 137 138 USB: 139 ubser, ucycom 140 141 Line disciplines: 142 ng_h4, ng_tty, ppp, sl, snp 143 144 Adding these drivers to your kernel configuration file shall 145 cause compilation to fail. 146 14720080818: 148 ntpd has been upgraded to 4.2.4p5. 149 15020080801: 151 OpenSSH has been upgraded to 5.1p1. 152 153 For many years, FreeBSD's version of OpenSSH preferred DSA 154 over RSA for host and user authentication keys. With this 155 upgrade, we've switched to the vendor's default of RSA over 156 DSA. This may cause upgraded clients to warn about unknown 157 host keys even for previously known hosts. Users should 158 follow the usual procedure for verifying host keys before 159 accepting the RSA key. 160 161 This can be circumvented by setting the "HostKeyAlgorithms" 162 option to "ssh-dss,ssh-rsa" in ~/.ssh/config or on the ssh 163 command line. 164 165 Please note that the sequence of keys offered for 166 authentication has been changed as well. You may want to 167 specify IdentityFile in a different order to revert this 168 behavior. 169 17020080713: 171 The sio(4) driver has been removed from the i386 and amd64 172 kernel configuration files. This means uart(4) is now the 173 default serial port driver on those platforms as well. 174 175 To prevent collisions with the sio(4) driver, the uart(4) driver 176 uses different names for its device nodes. This means the 177 onboard serial port will now most likely be called "ttyu0" 178 instead of "ttyd0". You may need to reconfigure applications to 179 use the new device names. 180 181 When using the serial port as a boot console, be sure to update 182 /boot/device.hints and /etc/ttys before booting the new kernel. 183 If you forget to do so, you can still manually specify the hints 184 at the loader prompt: 185 186 set hint.uart.0.at="isa" 187 set hint.uart.0.port="0x3F8" 188 set hint.uart.0.flags="0x10" 189 set hint.uart.0.irq="4" 190 boot -s 191 19220080609: 193 The gpt(8) utility has been removed. Use gpart(8) to partition 194 disks instead. 195 19620080603: 197 The version that Linuxulator emulates was changed from 2.4.2 198 to 2.6.16. If you experience any problems with Linux binaries 199 please try to set sysctl compat.linux.osrelease to 2.4.2 and 200 if it fixes the problem contact emulation mailing list. 201 20220080525: 203 ISDN4BSD (I4B) was removed from the src tree. You may need to 204 update a your kernel configuration and remove relevant entries. 205 20620080509: 207 I have checked in code to support multiple routing tables. 208 See the man pages setfib(1) and setfib(2). 209 This is a hopefully backwards compatible version, 210 but to make use of it you need to compile your kernel 211 with options ROUTETABLES=2 (or more up to 16). 212 21320080420: 214 The 802.11 wireless support was redone to enable multi-bss 215 operation on devices that are capable. The underlying device 216 is no longer used directly but instead wlanX devices are 217 cloned with ifconfig. This requires changes to rc.conf files. 218 For example, change: 219 ifconfig_ath0="WPA DHCP" 220 to 221 wlans_ath0=wlan0 222 ifconfig_wlan0="WPA DHCP" 223 see rc.conf(5) for more details. In addition, mergemaster of 224 /etc/rc.d is highly recommended. Simultaneous update of userland 225 and kernel wouldn't hurt either. 226 227 As part of the multi-bss changes the wlan_scan_ap and wlan_scan_sta 228 modules were merged into the base wlan module. All references 229 to these modules (e.g. in kernel config files) must be removed. 230 23120080408: 232 psm(4) has gained write(2) support in native operation level. 233 Arbitrary commands can be written to /dev/psm%d and status can 234 be read back from it. Therefore, an application is responsible 235 for status validation and error recovery. It is a no-op in 236 other operation levels. 237 23820080312: 239 Support for KSE threading has been removed from the kernel. To 240 run legacy applications linked against KSE libmap.conf may 241 be used. The following libmap.conf may be used to ensure 242 compatibility with any prior release: 243 244 libpthread.so.1 libthr.so.1 245 libpthread.so.2 libthr.so.2 246 libkse.so.3 libthr.so.3 247 24820080301: 249 The layout of struct vmspace has changed. This affects libkvm 250 and any executables that link against libkvm and use the 251 kvm_getprocs() function. In particular, but not exclusively, 252 it affects ps(1), fstat(1), pkill(1), systat(1), top(1) and w(1). 253 The effects are minimal, but it's advisable to upgrade world 254 nonetheless. 255 25620080229: 257 The latest em driver no longer has support in it for the 258 82575 adapter, this is now moved to the igb driver. The 259 split was done to make new features that are incompatible 260 with older hardware easier to do. 261 26220080220: 263 The new geom_lvm(4) geom class has been renamed to geom_linux_lvm(4), 264 likewise the kernel option is now GEOM_LINUX_LVM. 265 26620080211: 267 The default NFS mount mode has changed from UDP to TCP for 268 increased reliability. If you rely on (insecurely) NFS 269 mounting across a firewall you may need to update your 270 firewall rules. 271 27220080208: 273 Belatedly note the addition of m_collapse for compacting 274 mbuf chains. 275 27620080126: 277 The fts(3) structures have been changed to use adequate 278 integer types for their members and so to be able to cope 279 with huge file trees. The old fts(3) ABI is preserved 280 through symbol versioning in libc, so third-party binaries 281 using fts(3) should still work, although they will not take 282 advantage of the extended types. At the same time, some 283 third-party software might fail to build after this change 284 due to unportable assumptions made in its source code about 285 fts(3) structure members. Such software should be fixed 286 by its vendor or, in the worst case, in the ports tree. 287 FreeBSD_version 800015 marks this change for the unlikely 288 case that a portable fix is impossible. 289 29020080123: 291 To upgrade to -current after this date, you must be running 292 FreeBSD not older than 6.0-RELEASE. Upgrading to -current 293 from 5.x now requires a stop over at RELENG_6 or RELENG_7 systems. 294 29520071128: 296 The ADAPTIVE_GIANT kernel option has been retired because its 297 functionality is the default now. 298 29920071118: 300 The AT keyboard emulation of sunkbd(4) has been turned on 301 by default. In order to make the special symbols of the Sun 302 keyboards driven by sunkbd(4) work under X these now have 303 to be configured the same way as Sun USB keyboards driven 304 by ukbd(4) (which also does AT keyboard emulation), f.e.: 305 306 Option "XkbLayout" "us" 307 Option "XkbRules" "xorg" 308 Option "XkbSymbols" "pc(pc105)+sun_vndr/usb(sun_usb)+us" 309 31020071024: 311 It has been decided that it is desirable to provide ABI 312 backwards compatibility to the FreeBSD 4/5/6 versions of the 313 PCIOCGETCONF, PCIOCREAD and PCIOCWRITE IOCTLs, which was 314 broken with the introduction of PCI domain support (see the 315 20070930 entry). Unfortunately, this required the ABI of 316 PCIOCGETCONF to be broken again in order to be able to 317 provide backwards compatibility to the old version of that 318 IOCTL. Thus consumers of PCIOCGETCONF have to be recompiled 319 again. As for prominent ports this affects neither pciutils 320 nor xorg-server this time, the hal port needs to be rebuilt 321 however. 322 32320071020: 324 The misnamed kthread_create() and friends have been renamed 325 to kproc_create() etc. Many of the callers already 326 used kproc_start().. 327 I will return kthread_create() and friends in a while 328 with implementations that actually create threads, not procs. 329 Renaming corresponds with version 800002. 330 33120071010: 332 RELENG_7 branched. 333 33420071009: 335 Setting WITHOUT_LIBPTHREAD now means WITHOUT_LIBKSE and 336 WITHOUT_LIBTHR are set. 337 33820070930: 339 The PCI code has been made aware of PCI domains. This means that 340 the location strings as used by pciconf(8) etc are now in the 341 following format: pci<domain>:<bus>:<device>[:<function>]. It 342 also means that consumers of <sys/pciio.h> potentially need to 343 be recompiled; this includes the hal and xorg-server ports. 344 34520070928: 346 The caching daemon (cached) was renamed to nscd. nscd.conf 347 configuration file should be used instead of cached.conf and 348 nscd_enable, nscd_pidfile and nscd_flags options should be used 349 instead of cached_enable, cached_pidfile and cached_flags in 350 rc.conf. 351 35220070921: 353 The getfacl(1) utility now prints owning user and group name 354 instead of owning uid and gid in the three line comment header. 355 This is the same behavior as getfacl(1) on Solaris and Linux. 356 35720070704: 358 The new IPsec code is now compiled in using the IPSEC option. The 359 IPSEC option now requires "device crypto" be defined in your kernel 360 configuration. The FAST_IPSEC kernel option is now deprecated. 361 36220070702: 363 The packet filter (pf) code has been updated to OpenBSD 4.1 Please 364 note the changed syntax - keep state is now on by default. Also 365 note the fact that ftp-proxy(8) has been changed from bottom up and 366 has been moved from libexec to usr/sbin. Changes in the ALTQ 367 handling also affect users of IPFW's ALTQ capabilities. 368 36920070701: 370 Remove KAME IPsec in favor of FAST_IPSEC, which is now the 371 only IPsec supported by FreeBSD. The new IPsec stack 372 supports both IPv4 and IPv6. The kernel option will change 373 after the code changes have settled in. For now the kernel 374 option IPSEC is deprecated and FAST_IPSEC is the only option, that 375 will change after some settling time. 376 37720070701: 378 The wicontrol(8) utility has been removed from the base system. wi(4) 379 cards should be configured using ifconfig(8), see the man page for more 380 information. 381 38220070612: 383 The i386/amd64 GENERIC kernel now defaults to the nfe(4) driver 384 instead of the nve(4) driver. Please update your configuration 385 accordingly. 386 38720070612: 388 By default, /etc/rc.d/sendmail no longer rebuilds the aliases 389 database if it is missing or older than the aliases file. If 390 desired, set the new rc.conf option sendmail_rebuild_aliases 391 to "YES" to restore that functionality. 392 39320070612: 394 The IPv4 multicast socket code has been considerably modified, and 395 moved to the file sys/netinet/in_mcast.c. Initial support for the 396 RFC 3678 Source-Specific Multicast Socket API has been added to 397 the IPv4 network stack. 398 399 Strict multicast and broadcast reception is now the default for 400 UDP/IPv4 sockets; the net.inet.udp.strict_mcast_mship sysctl variable 401 has now been removed. 402 403 The RFC 1724 hack for interface selection has been removed; the use 404 of the Linux-derived ip_mreqn structure with IP_MULTICAST_IF has 405 been added to replace it. Consumers such as routed will soon be 406 updated to reflect this. 407 408 These changes affect users who are running routed(8) or rdisc(8) 409 from the FreeBSD base system on point-to-point or unnumbered 410 interfaces. 411 41220070610: 413 The net80211 layer has changed significantly and all wireless 414 drivers that depend on it need to be recompiled. Further these 415 changes require that any program that interacts with the wireless 416 support in the kernel be recompiled; this includes: ifconfig, 417 wpa_supplicant, hostapd, and wlanstats. Users must also, for 418 the moment, kldload the wlan_scan_sta and/or wlan_scan_ap modules 419 if they use modules for wireless support. These modules implement 420 scanning support for station and ap modes, respectively. Failure 421 to load the appropriate module before marking a wireless interface 422 up will result in a message to the console and the device not 423 operating properly. 424 42520070610: 426 The pam_nologin(8) module ceases to provide an authentication 427 function and starts providing an account management function. 428 Consequent changes to /etc/pam.d should be brought in using 429 mergemaster(8). Third-party files in /usr/local/etc/pam.d may 430 need manual editing as follows. Locate this line (or similar): 431 432 auth required pam_nologin.so no_warn 433 434 and change it according to this example: 435 436 account required pam_nologin.so no_warn 437 438 That is, the first word needs to be changed from "auth" to 439 "account". The new line can be moved to the account section 440 within the file for clarity. Not updating pam.conf(5) files 441 will result in nologin(5) ignored by the respective services. 442 44320070529: 444 The ether_ioctl() function has been synchronized with ioctl(2) 445 and ifnet.if_ioctl. Due to that, the size of one of its arguments 446 has changed on 64-bit architectures. All kernel modules using 447 ether_ioctl() need to be rebuilt on such architectures. 448 44920070516: 450 Improved INCLUDE_CONFIG_FILE support has been introduced to the 451 config(8) utility. In order to take advantage of this new 452 functionality, you are expected to recompile and install 453 src/usr.sbin/config. If you don't rebuild config(8), and your 454 kernel configuration depends on INCLUDE_CONFIG_FILE, the kernel 455 build will be broken because of a missing "kernconfstring" 456 symbol. 457 45820070513: 459 Symbol versioning is enabled by default. To disable it, use 460 option WITHOUT_SYMVER. It is not advisable to attempt to 461 disable symbol versioning once it is enabled; your installworld 462 will break because a symbol version-less libc will get installed 463 before the install tools. As a result, the old install tools, 464 which previously had symbol dependencies to FBSD_1.0, will fail 465 because the freshly installed libc will not have them. 466 467 The default threading library (providing "libpthread") has been 468 changed to libthr. If you wish to have libkse as your default, 469 use option DEFAULT_THREAD_LIB=libkse for the buildworld. 470 47120070423: 472 The ABI breakage in sendmail(8)'s libmilter has been repaired 473 so it is no longer necessary to recompile mail filters (aka, 474 milters). If you recompiled mail filters after the 20070408 475 note, it is not necessary to recompile them again. 476 47720070417: 478 The new trunk(4) driver has been renamed to lagg(4) as it better 479 reflects its purpose. ifconfig will need to be recompiled. 480 48120070408: 482 sendmail(8) has been updated to version 8.14.1. Mail filters 483 (aka, milters) compiled against the libmilter included in the 484 base operating system should be recompiled. 485 48620070302: 487 Firmwares for ipw(4) and iwi(4) are now included in the base tree. 488 In order to use them one must agree to the respective LICENSE in 489 share/doc/legal and define legal.intel_<name>.license_ack=1 via 490 loader.conf(5) or kenv(1). Make sure to deinstall the now 491 deprecated modules from the respective firmware ports. 492 49320070228: 494 The name resolution/mapping functions addr2ascii(3) and ascii2addr(3) 495 were removed from FreeBSD's libc. These originally came from INRIA 496 IPv6. Nothing in FreeBSD ever used them. They may be regarded as 497 deprecated in previous releases. 498 The AF_LINK support for getnameinfo(3) was merged from NetBSD to 499 replace it as a more portable (and re-entrant) API. 500 50120070224: 502 To support interrupt filtering a modification to the newbus API 503 has occurred, ABI was broken and __FreeBSD_version was bumped 504 to 700031. Please make sure that your kernel and modules are in 505 sync. For more info: 506 http://docs.freebsd.org/cgi/mid.cgi?20070221233124.GA13941 507 50820070224: 509 The IPv6 multicast forwarding code may now be loaded into GENERIC 510 kernels by loading the ip_mroute.ko module. This is built into the 511 module unless WITHOUT_INET6 or WITHOUT_INET6_SUPPORT options are 512 set; see src.conf(5) for more information. 513 51420070214: 515 The output of netstat -r has changed. Without -n, we now only 516 print a "network name" without the prefix length if the network 517 address and mask exactly match a Class A/B/C network, and an entry 518 exists in the nsswitch "networks" map. 519 With -n, we print the full unabbreviated CIDR network prefix in 520 the form "a.b.c.d/p". 0.0.0.0/0 is always printed as "default". 521 This change is in preparation for changes such as equal-cost 522 multipath, and to more generally assist operational deployment 523 of FreeBSD as a modern IPv4 router. 524 52520070210: 526 PIM has been turned on by default in the IPv4 multicast 527 routing code. The kernel option 'PIM' has now been removed. 528 PIM is now built by default if option 'MROUTING' is specified. 529 It may now be loaded into GENERIC kernels by loading the 530 ip_mroute.ko module. 531 53220070207: 533 Support for IPIP tunnels (VIFF_TUNNEL) in IPv4 multicast routing 534 has been removed. Its functionality may be achieved by explicitly 535 configuring gif(4) interfaces and using the 'phyint' keyword in 536 mrouted.conf. 537 XORP does not support source-routed IPv4 multicast tunnels nor the 538 integrated IPIP tunneling, therefore it is not affected by this 539 change. The __FreeBSD_version macro has been bumped to 700030. 540 54120061221: 542 Support for PCI Message Signalled Interrupts has been 543 re-enabled in the bge driver, only for those chips which are 544 believed to support it properly. If there are any problems, 545 MSI can be disabled completely by setting the 546 'hw.pci.enable_msi' and 'hw.pci.enable_msix' tunables to 0 547 in the loader. 548 54920061214: 550 Support for PCI Message Signalled Interrupts has been 551 disabled again in the bge driver. Many revisions of the 552 hardware fail to support it properly. Support can be 553 re-enabled by removing the #define of BGE_DISABLE_MSI in 554 "src/sys/dev/bge/if_bge.c". 555 55620061214: 557 Support for PCI Message Signalled Interrupts has been added 558 to the bge driver. If there are any problems, MSI can be 559 disabled completely by setting the 'hw.pci.enable_msi' and 560 'hw.pci.enable_msix' tunables to 0 in the loader. 561 56220061205: 563 The removal of several facets of the experimental Threading 564 system from the kernel means that the proc and thread structures 565 have changed quite a bit. I suggest all kernel modules that might 566 reference these structures be recompiled.. Especially the 567 linux module. 568 56920061126: 570 Sound infrastructure has been updated with various fixes and 571 improvements. Most of the changes are pretty much transparent, 572 with exceptions of followings: 573 1) All sound driver specific sysctls (hw.snd.pcm%d.*) have been 574 moved to their own dev sysctl nodes, for example: 575 hw.snd.pcm0.vchans -> dev.pcm.0.vchans 576 2) /dev/dspr%d.%d has been deprecated. Each channel now has its 577 own chardev in the form of "dsp%d.<function>%d", where <function> 578 is p = playback, r = record and v = virtual, respectively. Users 579 are encouraged to use these devs instead of (old) "/dev/dsp%d.%d". 580 This does not affect those who are using "/dev/dsp". 581 58220061122: 583 geom(4)'s gmirror(8) class metadata structure has been 584 rev'd from v3 to v4. If you update across this point and 585 your metadata is converted for you, you will not be easily 586 able to downgrade since the /boot/kernel.old/geom_mirror.ko 587 kernel module will be unable to read the v4 metadata. You 588 can resolve this by doing from the loader(8) prompt: 589 590 set vfs.root.mountfrom="ufs:/dev/XXX" 591 592 where XXX is the root slice of one of the disks that composed 593 the mirror (i.e.: /dev/ad0s1a). You can then rebuild 594 the array the same way you built it originally. 595 59620061122: 597 The following binaries have been disconnected from the build: 598 mount_devfs, mount_ext2fs, mount_fdescfs, mount_procfs, mount_linprocfs, 599 and mount_std. The functionality of these programs has been 600 moved into the mount program. For example, to mount a devfs 601 filesystem, instead of using mount_devfs, use: "mount -t devfs". 602 This does not affect entries in /etc/fstab, since entries in 603 /etc/fstab are always processed with "mount -t fstype". 604 60520061113: 606 Support for PCI Message Signalled Interrupts on i386 and amd64 607 has been added to the kernel and various drivers will soon be 608 updated to use MSI when it is available. If there are any problems, 609 MSI can be disabled completely by setting the 'hw.pci.enable_msi' 610 and 'hw.pci.enable_msix' tunables to 0 in the loader. 611 61220061110: 613 The MUTEX_PROFILING option has been renamed to LOCK_PROFILING. 614 The lockmgr object layout has been changed as a result of having 615 a lock_object embedded in it. As a consequence all file system 616 kernel modules must be re-compiled. The mutex profiling man page 617 has not yet been updated to reflect this change. 618 61920061026: 620 KSE in the kernel has now been made optional and turned on by 621 default. Use 'nooption KSE' in your kernel config to turn it 622 off. All kernel modules *must* be recompiled after this change. 623 There-after, modules from a KSE kernel should be compatible with 624 modules from a NOKSE kernel due to the temporary padding fields 625 added to 'struct proc'. 626 62720060929: 628 mrouted and its utilities have been removed from the base system. 629 63020060927: 631 Some ioctl(2) command codes have changed. Full backward ABI 632 compatibility is provided if the "options COMPAT_FREEBSD6" is 633 present in the kernel configuration file. Make sure to add 634 this option to your kernel config file, or recompile X.Org 635 and the rest of ports; otherwise they may refuse to work. 636 63720060924: 638 tcpslice has been removed from the base system. 639 64020060913: 641 The sizes of struct tcpcb (and struct xtcpcb) have changed due to 642 the rewrite of TCP syncookies. Tools like netstat, sockstat, and 643 systat needs to be rebuilt. 644 64520060903: 646 libpcap updated to v0.9.4 and tcpdump to v3.9.4 647 64820060816: 649 The IPFIREWALL_FORWARD_EXTENDED option is gone and the behaviour 650 for IPFIREWALL_FORWARD is now as it was before when it was first 651 committed and for years after. The behaviour is now ON. 652 65320060725: 654 enigma(1)/crypt(1) utility has been changed on 64 bit architectures. 655 Now it can decrypt files created from different architectures. 656 Unfortunately, it is no longer able to decrypt a cipher text 657 generated with an older version on 64 bit architectures. 658 If you have such a file, you need old utility to decrypt it. 659 66020060709: 661 The interface version of the i4b kernel part has changed. So 662 after updating the kernel sources and compiling a new kernel, 663 the i4b user space tools in "/usr/src/usr.sbin/i4b" must also 664 be rebuilt, and vice versa. 665 66620060627: 667 The XBOX kernel now defaults to the nfe(4) driver instead of 668 the nve(4) driver. Please update your configuration 669 accordingly. 670 67120060514: 672 The i386-only lnc(4) driver for the AMD Am7900 LANCE and Am79C9xx 673 PCnet family of NICs has been removed. The new le(4) driver serves 674 as an equivalent but cross-platform replacement with the pcn(4) 675 driver still providing performance-optimized support for the subset 676 of AMD Am79C971 PCnet-FAST and greater chips as before. 677 67820060511: 679 The machdep.* sysctls and the adjkerntz utility have been 680 modified a bit. The new adjkerntz utility uses the new 681 sysctl names and sysctlbyname() calls, so it may be impossible 682 to run an old /sbin/adjkerntz utility in single-user mode 683 with a new kernel. Replace the `adjkerntz -i' step before 684 `make installworld' with: 685 686 /usr/obj/usr/src/sbin/adjkerntz/adjkerntz -i 687 688 and proceed as usual with the rest of the installworld-stage 689 steps. Otherwise, you risk installing binaries with their 690 timestamp set several hours in the future, especially if 691 you are running with local time set to GMT+X hours. 692 69320060412: 694 The ip6fw utility has been removed. The behavior provided by 695 ip6fw has been in ipfw2 for a good while and the rc.d scripts 696 have been updated to deal with it. There are some rules that 697 might not migrate cleanly. Use rc.firewall6 as a template to 698 rewrite rules. 699 70020060428: 701 The puc(4) driver has been overhauled. The ebus(4) and sbus(4) 702 attachments have been removed. Make sure to configure scc(4) 703 on sparc64. Note also that by default puc(4) will use uart(4) 704 and not sio(4) for serial ports because interrupt handling has 705 been optimized for multi-port serial cards and only uart(4) 706 implements the interface to support it. 707 70820060330: 709 The scc(4) driver replaces puc(4) for Serial Communications 710 Controllers (SCCs) like the Siemens SAB82532 and the Zilog 711 Z8530. On sparc64, it is advised to add scc(4) to the kernel 712 configuration to make sure that the serial ports remain 713 functional. 714 71520060317: 716 Most world/kernel related NO_* build options changed names. 717 New knobs have common prefixes WITHOUT_*/WITH_* (modelled 718 after FreeBSD ports) and should be set in /etc/src.conf 719 (the src.conf(5) manpage is provided). Full backwards 720 compatibility is maintained for the time being though it's 721 highly recommended to start moving old options out of the 722 system-wide /etc/make.conf file into the new /etc/src.conf 723 while also properly renaming them. More conversions will 724 likely follow. Posting to current@: 725 726 http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-current/2006-March/061725.html 727 72820060305: 729 The NETSMBCRYPTO kernel option has been retired because its 730 functionality is always included in NETSMB and smbfs.ko now. 731 73220060303: 733 The TDFX_LINUX kernel option was retired and replaced by the 734 tdfx_linux device. The latter can be loaded as the 3dfx_linux.ko 735 kernel module. Loading it alone should suffice to get 3dfx support 736 for Linux apps because it will pull in 3dfx.ko and linux.ko through 737 its dependencies. 738 73920060204: 740 The 'audit' group was added to support the new auditing functionality 741 in the base system. Be sure to follow the directions for updating, 742 including the requirement to run mergemaster -p. 743 74420060201: 745 The kernel ABI to file system modules was changed on i386. 746 Please make sure that your kernel and modules are in sync. 747 74820060118: 749 This actually occured some time ago, but installing the kernel 750 now also installs a bunch of symbol files for the kernel modules. 751 This increases the size of /boot/kernel to about 67Mbytes. You 752 will need twice this if you will eventually back this up to kernel.old 753 on your next install. 754 If you have a shortage of room in your root partition, you should add 755 -DINSTALL_NODEBUG to your make arguments or add INSTALL_NODEBUG="yes" 756 to your /etc/make.conf. 757 75820060113: 759 libc's malloc implementation has been replaced. This change has the 760 potential to uncover application bugs that previously went unnoticed. 761 See the malloc(3) manual page for more details. 762 76320060112: 764 The generic netgraph(4) cookie has been changed. If you upgrade 765 kernel passing this point, you also need to upgrade userland 766 and netgraph(4) utilities like ports/net/mpd or ports/net/mpd4. 767 76820060106: 769 si(4)'s device files now contain the unit number. 770 Uses of {cua,tty}A[0-9a-f] should be replaced by {cua,tty}A0[0-9a-f]. 771 77220060106: 773 The kernel ABI was mostly destroyed due to a change in the size 774 of struct lock_object which is nested in other structures such 775 as mutexes which are nested in all sorts of other structures. 776 Make sure your kernel and modules are in sync. 777 77820051231: 779 The page coloring algorithm in the VM subsystem was converted 780 from tuning with kernel options to autotuning. Please remove 781 any PQ_* option except PQ_NOOPT from your kernel config. 782 78320051211: 784 The net80211-related tools in the tools/tools/ath directory 785 have been moved to tools/tools/net80211 and renamed with a 786 "wlan" prefix. Scripts that use them should be adjusted 787 accordingly. 788 78920051202: 790 Scripts in the local_startup directories (as defined in 791 /etc/defaults/rc.conf) that have the new rc.d semantics will 792 now be run as part of the base system rcorder. If there are 793 errors or problems with one of these local scripts, it could 794 cause boot problems. If you encounter such problems, boot in 795 single user mode, remove that script from the */rc.d directory. 796 Please report the problem to the port's maintainer, and the 797 freebsd-ports@freebsd.org mailing list. 798 79920051129: 800 The nodev mount option was deprecated in RELENG_6 (where it 801 was a no-op), and is now unsupported. If you have nodev or dev listed 802 in /etc/fstab, remove it, otherwise it will result in a mount error. 803 80420051129: 805 ABI between ipfw(4) and ipfw(8) has been changed. You need 806 to rebuild ipfw(8) when rebuilding kernel. 807 80820051108: 809 rp(4)'s device files now contain the unit number. 810 Uses of {cua,tty}R[0-9a-f] should be replaced by {cua,tty}R0[0-9a-f]. 811 81220051029: 813 /etc/rc.d/ppp-user has been renamed to /etc/rc.d/ppp. 814 Its /etc/rc.conf.d configuration file has been `ppp' from 815 the beginning, and hence there is no need to touch it. 816 81720051014: 818 Now most modules get their build-time options from the kernel 819 configuration file. A few modules still have fixed options 820 due to their non-conformant implementation, but they will be 821 corrected eventually. You may need to review the options of 822 the modules in use, explicitly specify the non-default options 823 in the kernel configuration file, and rebuild the kernel and 824 modules afterwards. 825 82620051001: 827 kern.polling.enable sysctl MIB is now deprecated. Use ifconfig(8) 828 to turn polling(4) on your interfaces. 829 83020050927: 831 The old bridge(4) implementation was retired. The new 832 if_bridge(4) serves as a full functional replacement. 833 83420050722: 835 The ai_addrlen of a struct addrinfo was changed to a socklen_t 836 to conform to POSIX-2001. This change broke an ABI 837 compatibility on 64 bit architecture. You have to recompile 838 userland programs that use getaddrinfo(3) on 64 bit 839 architecture. 840 84120050711: 842 RELENG_6 branched here. 843 84420050629: 845 The pccard_ifconfig rc.conf variable has been removed and a new 846 variable, ifconfig_DEFAULT has been introduced. Unlike 847 pccard_ifconfig, ifconfig_DEFAULT applies to ALL interfaces that 848 do not have ifconfig_ifn entries rather than just those in 849 removable_interfaces. 850 85120050616: 852 Some previous versions of PAM have permitted the use of 853 non-absolute paths in /etc/pam.conf or /etc/pam.d/* when referring 854 to third party PAM modules in /usr/local/lib. A change has been 855 made to require the use of absolute paths in order to avoid 856 ambiguity and dependence on library path configuration, which may 857 affect existing configurations. 858 85920050610: 860 Major changes to network interface API. All drivers must be 861 recompiled. Drivers not in the base system will need to be 862 updated to the new APIs. 863 86420050609: 865 Changes were made to kinfo_proc in sys/user.h. Please recompile 866 userland, or commands like `fstat', `pkill', `ps', `top' and `w' 867 will not behave correctly. 868 869 The API and ABI for hwpmc(4) have changed with the addition 870 of sampling support. Please recompile lib/libpmc(3) and 871 usr.sbin/{pmcstat,pmccontrol}. 872 87320050606: 874 The OpenBSD dhclient was imported in place of the ISC dhclient 875 and the network interface configuration scripts were updated 876 accordingly. If you use DHCP to configure your interfaces, you 877 must now run devd. Also, DNS updating was lost so you will need 878 to find a workaround if you use this feature. 879 880 The '_dhcp' user was added to support the OpenBSD dhclient. Be 881 sure to run mergemaster -p (like you are supposed to do every time 882 anyway). 883 88420050605: 885 if_bridge was added to the tree. This has changed struct ifnet. 886 Please recompile userland and all network related modules. 887 88820050603: 889 The n_net of a struct netent was changed to an uint32_t, and 890 1st argument of getnetbyaddr() was changed to an uint32_t, to 891 conform to POSIX-2001. These changes broke an ABI 892 compatibility on 64 bit architecture. With these changes, 893 shlib major of libpcap was bumped. You have to recompile 894 userland programs that use getnetbyaddr(3), getnetbyname(3), 895 getnetent(3) and/or libpcap on 64 bit architecture. 896 89720050528: 898 Kernel parsing of extra options on '#!' first lines of shell 899 scripts has changed. Lines with multiple options likely will 900 fail after this date. For full details, please see 901 http://people.freebsd.org/~gad/Updating-20050528.txt 902 90320050503: 904 The packet filter (pf) code has been updated to OpenBSD 3.7 905 Please note the changed anchor syntax and the fact that 906 authpf(8) now needs a mounted fdescfs(5) to function. 907 90820050415: 909 The NO_MIXED_MODE kernel option has been removed from the i386 910 amd64 platforms as its use has been superceded by the new local 911 APIC timer code. Any kernel config files containing this option 912 should be updated. 913 91420050227: 915 The on-disk format of LC_CTYPE files was changed to be machine 916 independent. Please make sure NOT to use NO_CLEAN buildworld 917 when crossing this point. Crossing this point also requires 918 recompile or reinstall of all locale depended packages. 919 92020050225: 921 The ifi_epoch member of struct if_data has been changed to 922 contain the uptime at which the interface was created or the 923 statistics zeroed rather then the wall clock time because 924 wallclock time may go backwards. This should have no impact 925 unless an snmp implementation is using this value (I know of 926 none at this point.) 927 92820050224: 929 The acpi_perf and acpi_throttle drivers are now part of the 930 acpi(4) main module. They are no longer built separately. 931 93220050223: 933 The layout of struct image_params has changed. You have to 934 recompile all compatibility modules (linux, svr4, etc) for use 935 with the new kernel. 936 93720050223: 938 The p4tcc driver has been merged into cpufreq(4). This makes 939 "options CPU_ENABLE_TCC" obsolete. Please load cpufreq.ko or 940 compile in "device cpufreq" to restore this functionality. 941 94220050220: 943 The responsibility of recomputing the file system summary of 944 a SoftUpdates-enabled dirty volume has been transferred to the 945 background fsck. A rebuild of fsck(8) utility is recommended 946 if you have updated the kernel. 947 948 To get the old behavior (recompute file system summary at mount 949 time), you can set vfs.ffs.compute_summary_at_mount=1 before 950 mounting the new volume. 951 95220050206: 953 The cpufreq import is complete. As part of this, the sysctls for 954 acpi(4) throttling have been removed. The power_profile script 955 has been updated, so you can use performance/economy_cpu_freq in 956 rc.conf(5) to set AC on/offline cpu frequencies. 957 95820050206: 959 NG_VERSION has been increased. Recompiling kernel (or ng_socket.ko) 960 requires recompiling libnetgraph and userland netgraph utilities. 961 96220050114: 963 Support for abbreviated forms of a number of ipfw options is 964 now deprecated. Warnings are printed to stderr indicating the 965 correct full form when a match occurs. Some abbreviations may 966 be supported at a later date based on user feedback. To be 967 considered for support, abbreviations must be in use prior to 968 this commit and unlikely to be confused with current key words. 969 97020041221: 971 By a popular demand, a lot of NOFOO options were renamed 972 to NO_FOO (see bsd.compat.mk for a full list). The old 973 spellings are still supported, but will cause annoying 974 warnings on stderr. Make sure you upgrade properly (see 975 the COMMON ITEMS: section later in this file). 976 97720041219: 978 Auto-loading of ancillary wlan modules such as wlan_wep has 979 been temporarily disabled; you need to statically configure 980 the modules you need into your kernel or explicitly load them 981 prior to use. Specifically, if you intend to use WEP encryption 982 with an 802.11 device load/configure wlan_wep; if you want to 983 use WPA with the ath driver load/configure wlan_tkip, wlan_ccmp, 984 and wlan_xauth as required. 985 98620041213: 987 The behaviour of ppp(8) has changed slightly. If lqr is enabled 988 (``enable lqr''), older versions would revert to LCP ECHO mode on 989 negotiation failure. Now, ``enable echo'' is required for this 990 behaviour. The ppp version number has been bumped to 3.4.2 to 991 reflect the change. 992 99320041201: 994 The wlan support has been updated to split the crypto support 995 into separate modules. For static WEP you must configure the 996 wlan_wep module in your system or build and install the module 997 in place where it can be loaded (the kernel will auto-load 998 the module when a wep key is configured). 999 100020041201: 1001 The ath driver has been updated to split the tx rate control 1002 algorithm into a separate module. You need to include either 1003 ath_rate_onoe or ath_rate_amrr when configuring the kernel. 1004 100520041116: 1006 Support for systems with an 80386 CPU has been removed. Please 1007 use FreeBSD 5.x or earlier on systems with an 80386. 1008 100920041110: 1010 We have had a hack which would mount the root filesystem 1011 R/W if the device were named 'md*'. As part of the vnode 1012 work I'm doing I have had to remove this hack. People 1013 building systems which use preloaded MD root filesystems 1014 may need to insert a "/sbin/mount -u -o rw /dev/md0 /" in 1015 their /etc/rc scripts. 1016 101720041104: 1018 FreeBSD 5.3 shipped here. 1019 102020041102: 1021 The size of struct tcpcb has changed again due to the removal 1022 of RFC1644 T/TCP. You have to recompile userland programs that 1023 read kmem for tcp sockets directly (netstat, sockstat, etc.) 1024 102520041022: 1026 The size of struct tcpcb has changed. You have to recompile 1027 userland programs that read kmem for tcp sockets directly 1028 (netstat, sockstat, etc.) 1029 103020041016: 1031 RELENG_5 branched here. For older entries, please see updating 1032 in the RELENG_5 branch. 1033 1034COMMON ITEMS: 1035 1036 General Notes 1037 ------------- 1038 Avoid using make -j when upgrading. From time to time in the 1039 past there have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or 1040 installworld. This is especially true when upgrading between 1041 "distant" versions (eg one that cross a major release boundary 1042 or several minor releases, or when several months have passed 1043 on the -current branch). 1044 1045 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment 1046 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its 1047 environment when searching for values for global variables. 1048 To run your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", 1049 prefix all make commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual 1050 page for more details. 1051 1052 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally 1053 best to upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch 1054 first, then do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested 1055 upgrade path, and has the highest probability of being successful. 1056 Please try this approach before reporting problems with a major 1057 version upgrade. 1058 1059 To build a kernel 1060 ----------------- 1061 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just 1062 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most 1063 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld, 1064 1065 make kernel-toolchain 1066 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1067 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1068 1069 To test a kernel once 1070 --------------------- 1071 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure 1072 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide 1073 debugging information) run 1074 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel 1075 nextboot -k testkernel 1076 1077 To just build a kernel when you know that it won't mess you up 1078 -------------------------------------------------------------- 1079 This assumes you are already running a 5.X system. Replace 1080 ${arch} with the architecture of your machine (e.g. "i386", 1081 "alpha", "amd64", "ia64", "pc98", "sparc64", etc). 1082 1083 cd src/sys/${arch}/conf 1084 config KERNEL_NAME_HERE 1085 cd ../compile/KERNEL_NAME_HERE 1086 make depend 1087 make 1088 make install 1089 1090 If this fails, go to the "To build a kernel" section. 1091 1092 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system. 1093 ----------------------------------------------------------- 1094 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than 1095 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current. 1096 1097 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 1098 make buildworld 1099 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1100 [1] 1101 <reboot in single user> [3] 1102 mergemaster -p [5] 1103 make installworld 1104 make delete-old 1105 mergemaster [4] 1106 <reboot> 1107 1108 1109 To cross-install current onto a separate partition 1110 -------------------------------------------------- 1111 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold 1112 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition 1113 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in 1114 # size. 1115 1116 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 1117 <boot into -stable> 1118 make buildworld 1119 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1120 <maybe newfs current's root partition> 1121 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}> 1122 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 1123 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd 1124 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 1125 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd 1126 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition> 1127 <reboot into current> 1128 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section> 1129 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*> 1130 <reboot> 1131 1132 1133 To upgrade in-place from 5.x-stable to current 1134 ---------------------------------------------- 1135 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 1136 make buildworld [9] 1137 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8] 1138 [1] 1139 <reboot in single user> [3] 1140 mergemaster -p [5] 1141 make installworld 1142 make delete-old 1143 mergemaster -i [4] 1144 <reboot> 1145 1146 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the 1147 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life 1148 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own 1149 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of 1150 the UPDATING entries. 1151 1152 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to 1153 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update 1154 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent 1155 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has 1156 much fewer pitfalls. 1157 1158 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you 1159 should disable them at this point so they don't crash your 1160 system on reboot. 1161 1162 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do 1163 fsck -p 1164 mount -u / 1165 mount -a 1166 cd src 1167 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time 1168 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that 1169 you boot into single user mode to do the installworld. 1170 1171 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step 1172 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the 1173 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those 1174 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well 1175 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists 1176 for potential gotchas. 1177 1178 [5] Usually this step is a noop. However, from time to time 1179 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following 1180 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to 1181 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make 1182 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated 1183 from current before 20020224 or from -stable before 20020408. 1184 1185 [8] In order to have a kernel that can run the 4.x binaries 1186 needed to do an installworld, you must include the COMPAT_FREEBSD4 1187 option in your kernel. Failure to do so may leave you with a system 1188 that is hard to boot to recover. A similar kernel option COMPAT_FREEBSD5 1189 is required to run the 5.x binaries on more recent kernels. 1190 1191 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the 1192 last time you updated your kernel config file. 1193 1194 [9] When checking out sources, you must include the -P flag to have 1195 cvs prune empty directories. 1196 1197 If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the 1198 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can 1199 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to. 1200 1201 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and 1202 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will 1203 warn if it is improperly defined. 1204FORMAT: 1205 1206This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major 1207breakages in tracking -current. Not all things will be listed here, 1208and it only starts on October 16, 2004. Updating files can found in 1209previous releases if your system is older than this. 1210 1211Copyright information: 1212 1213Copyright 1998-2005 M. Warner Losh. All Rights Reserved. 1214 1215Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without 1216modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this 1217document are permitted without further permission from the author. 1218 1219THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 1220IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 1221WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE 1222DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, 1223INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES 1224(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR 1225SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 1226HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, 1227STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING 1228IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 1229POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 1230 1231If you find this document useful, and you want to, you may buy the 1232author a beer. 1233 1234Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of 1235this document. 1236 1237$FreeBSD: head/UPDATING 188660 2009-02-15 22:33:44Z thompsa $ 1238