UPDATING revision 162779
1Updating Information for FreeBSD current users 2 3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh 4<imp@village.org>. See end of file for further details. For commonly 5done items, please see the COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. 6 7Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in 8/usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before running 9portupgrade. 10 11NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 7.x IS SLOW: 12 FreeBSD 7.x has many debugging features turned on, in 13 both the kernel and userland. These features attempt to detect 14 incorrect use of system primitives, and encourage loud failure 15 through extra sanity checking and fail stop semantics. They 16 also substantially impact system performance. If you want to 17 do performance measurement, benchmarking, and optimization, 18 you'll want to turn them off. This includes various WITNESS- 19 related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc debugging flags 20 in userland, and various verbose features in the kernel. Many 21 developers choose to disable these features on build machines 22 to maximize performance. 23 2420060924: 25 tcpslice has been removed from the base system. 26 2720060913: 28 The sizes of struct tcpcb (and struct xtcpcb) have changed due to 29 the rewrite of TCP syncookies. Tools like netstat, sockstat, and 30 systat needs to be rebuilt. 31 3220060903: 33 libpcap updated to v0.9.4 and tcpdump to v3.9.4 34 3520060816: 36 The IPFIREWALL_FORWARD_EXTENDED option is gone and the behaviour 37 for IPFIREWALL_FORWARD is now as it was before when it was first 38 committed and for years after. The behaviour is now ON. 39 4020060725: 41 enigma(1)/crypt(1) utility has been changed on 64 bit architectures. 42 Now it can decrypt files created from different architectures. 43 Unfortunately, it is no longer able to decrypt a cipher text 44 generated with an older version on 64 bit architectures. 45 If you have such a file, you need old utility to decrypt it. 46 4720060709: 48 The interface version of the i4b kernel part has changed. So 49 after updating the kernel sources and compiling a new kernel, 50 the i4b user space tools in "/usr/src/usr.sbin/i4b" must also 51 be rebuilt, and vice versa. 52 5320060627: 54 The XBOX kernel now defaults to the nfe(4) driver instead of 55 the nve(4) driver. Please update your configuration 56 accordingly. 57 5820060514: 59 The i386-only lnc(4) driver for the AMD Am7900 LANCE and Am79C9xx 60 PCnet family of NICs has been removed. The new le(4) driver serves 61 as an equivalent but cross-platform replacement with the pcn(4) 62 driver still providing performance-optimized support for the subset 63 of AMD Am79C971 PCnet-FAST and greater chips as before. 64 6520060511: 66 The machdep.* sysctls and the adjkerntz utility have been 67 modified a bit. The new adjkerntz utility uses the new 68 sysctl names and sysctlbyname() calls, so it may be impossible 69 to run an old /sbin/adjkerntz utility in single-user mode 70 with a new kernel. Replace the `adjkerntz -i' step before 71 `make installworld' with: 72 73 /usr/obj/usr/src/sbin/adjkerntz/adjkerntz -i 74 75 and proceed as usual with the rest of the installworld-stage 76 steps. Otherwise, you risk installing binaries with their 77 timestamp set several hours in the future, especially if 78 you are running with local time set to GMT+X hours. 79 8020060412: 81 The ip6fw utility has been removed. The behavior provided by 82 ip6fw has been in ipfw2 for a good while and the rc.d scripts 83 have been updated to deal with it. There are some rules that 84 might not migrate cleanly. Use rc.firewall6 as a template to 85 rewrite rules. 86 8720060428: 88 The puc(4) driver has been overhauled. The ebus(4) and sbus(4) 89 attachments have been removed. Make sure to configure scc(4) 90 on sparc64. Note also that by default puc(4) will use uart(4) 91 and not sio(4) for serial ports because interrupt handling has 92 been optimized for multi-port serial cards and only uart(4) 93 implements the interface to support it. 94 9520060330: 96 The scc(4) driver replaces puc(4) for Serial Communications 97 Controllers (SCCs) like the Siemens SAB82532 and the Zilog 98 Z8530. On sparc64, it is advised to add scc(4) to the kernel 99 configuration to make sure that the serial ports remain 100 functional. 101 10220060317: 103 Most world/kernel related NO_* build options changed names. 104 New knobs have common prefixes WITHOUT_*/WITH_* (modelled 105 after FreeBSD ports) and should be set in /etc/src.conf 106 (the src.conf(5) manpage is provided). Full backwards 107 compatibility is maintained for the time being though it's 108 highly recommended to start moving old options out of the 109 system-wide /etc/make.conf file into the new /etc/src.conf 110 while also properly renaming them. More conversions will 111 likely follow. Posting to current@: 112 113 http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-current/2006-March/061725.html 114 11520060305: 116 The NETSMBCRYPTO kernel option has been retired because its 117 functionality is always included in NETSMB and smbfs.ko now. 118 11920060303: 120 The TDFX_LINUX kernel option was retired and replaced by the 121 tdfx_linux device. The latter can be loaded as the 3dfx_linux.ko 122 kernel module. Loading it alone should suffice to get 3dfx support 123 for Linux apps because it will pull in 3dfx.ko and linux.ko through 124 its dependencies. 125 12620060204: 127 The 'audit' group was added to support the new auditing functionality 128 in the base system. Be sure to follow the directions for updating, 129 including the requirement to run mergemaster -p. 130 13120060201: 132 The kernel ABI to file system modules was changed on i386. 133 Please make sure that your kernel and modules are in sync. 134 13520060118: 136 This actually occured some time ago, but installing the kernel 137 now also installs a bunch of symbol files for the kernel modules. 138 This increases the size of /boot/kernel to about 67Mbytes. You 139 will need twice this if you will eventually back this up to kernel.old 140 on your next install. 141 If you have a shortage of room in your root partition, you should add 142 -DINSTALL_NODEBUG to your make arguments or add INSTALL_NODEBUG="yes" 143 to your /etc/make.conf. 144 14520060113: 146 libc's malloc implementation has been replaced. This change has the 147 potential to uncover application bugs that previously went unnoticed. 148 See the malloc(3) manual page for more details. 149 15020060112: 151 The generic netgraph(4) cookie has been changed. If you upgrade 152 kernel passing this point, you also need to upgrade userland 153 and netgraph(4) utilities like ports/net/mpd or ports/net/mpd4. 154 15520060106: 156 si(4)'s device files now contain the unit number. 157 Uses of {cua,tty}A[0-9a-f] should be replaced by {cua,tty}A0[0-9a-f]. 158 15920060106: 160 The kernel ABI was mostly destroyed due to a change in the size 161 of struct lock_object which is nested in other structures such 162 as mutexes which are nested in all sorts of other structures. 163 Make sure your kernel and modules are in sync. 164 16520051231: 166 The page coloring algorithm in the VM subsystem was converted 167 from tuning with kernel options to autotuning. Please remove 168 any PQ_* option except PQ_NOOPT from your kernel config. 169 17020051211: 171 The net80211-related tools in the tools/tools/ath directory 172 have been moved to tools/tools/net80211 and renamed with a 173 "wlan" prefix. Scripts that use them should be adjusted 174 accordingly. 175 17620051202: 177 Scripts in the local_startup directories (as defined in 178 /etc/defaults/rc.conf) that have the new rc.d semantics will 179 now be run as part of the base system rcorder. If there are 180 errors or problems with one of these local scripts, it could 181 cause boot problems. If you encounter such problems, boot in 182 single user mode, remove that script from the */rc.d directory. 183 Please report the problem to the port's maintainer, and the 184 freebsd-ports@freebsd.org mailing list. 185 18620051129: 187 The nodev mount option was deprecated in RELENG_6 (where it 188 was a no-op), and is now unsupported. If you have nodev or dev listed 189 in /etc/fstab, remove it, otherwise it will result in a mount error. 190 19120051129: 192 ABI between ipfw(4) and ipfw(8) has been changed. You need 193 to rebuild ipfw(8) when rebuilding kernel. 194 19520051108: 196 rp(4)'s device files now contain the unit number. 197 Uses of {cua,tty}R[0-9a-f] should be replaced by {cua,tty}R0[0-9a-f]. 198 19920051029: 200 /etc/rc.d/ppp-user has been renamed to /etc/rc.d/ppp. 201 Its /etc/rc.conf.d configuration file has been `ppp' from 202 the beginning, and hence there is no need to touch it. 203 20420051014: 205 Now most modules get their build-time options from the kernel 206 configuration file. A few modules still have fixed options 207 due to their non-conformant implementation, but they will be 208 corrected eventually. You may need to review the options of 209 the modules in use, explicitly specify the non-default options 210 in the kernel configuration file, and rebuild the kernel and 211 modules afterwards. 212 21320051001: 214 kern.polling.enable sysctl MIB is now deprecated. Use ifconfig(8) 215 to turn polling(4) on your interfaces. 216 21720050927: 218 The old bridge(4) implementation was retired. The new 219 if_bridge(4) serves as a full functional replacement. 220 22120050722: 222 The ai_addrlen of a struct addrinfo was changed to a socklen_t 223 to conform to POSIX-2001. This change broke an ABI 224 compatibility on 64 bit architecture. You have to recompile 225 userland programs that use getaddrinfo(3) on 64 bit 226 architecture. 227 22820050711: 229 RELENG_6 branched here. 230 23120050629: 232 The pccard_ifconfig rc.conf variable has been removed and a new 233 variable, ifconfig_DEFAULT has been introduced. Unlike 234 pccard_ifconfig, ifconfig_DEFAULT applies to ALL interfaces that 235 do not have ifconfig_ifn entries rather than just those in 236 removable_interfaces. 237 23820050616: 239 Some previous versions of PAM have permitted the use of 240 non-absolute paths in /etc/pam.conf or /etc/pam.d/* when referring 241 to third party PAM modules in /usr/local/lib. A change has been 242 made to require the use of absolute paths in order to avoid 243 ambiguity and dependence on library path configuration, which may 244 affect existing configurations. 245 24620050610: 247 Major changes to network interface API. All drivers must be 248 recompiled. Drivers not in the base system will need to be 249 updated to the new APIs. 250 25120050609: 252 Changes were made to kinfo_proc in sys/user.h. Please recompile 253 userland, or commands like `fstat', `pkill', `ps', `top' and `w' 254 will not behave correctly. 255 256 The API and ABI for hwpmc(4) have changed with the addition 257 of sampling support. Please recompile lib/libpmc(3) and 258 usr.sbin/{pmcstat,pmccontrol}. 259 26020050606: 261 The OpenBSD dhclient was imported in place of the ISC dhclient 262 and the network interface configuration scripts were updated 263 accordingly. If you use DHCP to configure your interfaces, you 264 must now run devd. Also, DNS updating was lost so you will need 265 to find a workaround if you use this feature. 266 267 The '_dhcp' user was added to support the OpenBSD dhclient. Be 268 sure to run mergemaster -p (like you are supposed to do every time 269 anyway). 270 27120050605: 272 if_bridge was added to the tree. This has changed struct ifnet. 273 Please recompile userland and all network related modules. 274 27520050603: 276 The n_net of a struct netent was changed to an uint32_t, and 277 1st argument of getnetbyaddr() was changed to an uint32_t, to 278 conform to POSIX-2001. These changes broke an ABI 279 compatibility on 64 bit architecture. With these changes, 280 shlib major of libpcap was bumped. You have to recompile 281 userland programs that use getnetbyaddr(3), getnetbyname(3), 282 getnetent(3) and/or libpcap on 64 bit architecture. 283 28420050528: 285 Kernel parsing of extra options on '#!' first lines of shell 286 scripts has changed. Lines with multiple options likely will 287 fail after this date. For full details, please see 288 http://people.freebsd.org/~gad/Updating-20050528.txt 289 29020050503: 291 The packet filter (pf) code has been updated to OpenBSD 3.7 292 Please note the changed anchor syntax and the fact that 293 authpf(8) now needs a mounted fdescfs(5) to function. 294 29520050415: 296 The NO_MIXED_MODE kernel option has been removed from the i386 297 amd64 platforms as its use has been superceded by the new local 298 APIC timer code. Any kernel config files containing this option 299 should be updated. 300 30120050227: 302 The on-disk format of LC_CTYPE files was changed to be machine 303 independent. Please make sure NOT to use NO_CLEAN buildworld 304 when crossing this point. Crossing this point also requires 305 recompile or reinstall of all locale depended packages. 306 30720050225: 308 The ifi_epoch member of struct if_data has been changed to 309 contain the uptime at which the interface was created or the 310 statistics zeroed rather then the wall clock time because 311 wallclock time may go backwards. This should have no impact 312 unless an snmp implementation is using this value (I know of 313 none at this point.) 314 31520050224: 316 The acpi_perf and acpi_throttle drivers are now part of the 317 acpi(4) main module. They are no longer built separately. 318 31920050223: 320 The layout of struct image_params has changed. You have to 321 recompile all compatibility modules (linux, svr4, etc) for use 322 with the new kernel. 323 32420050223: 325 The p4tcc driver has been merged into cpufreq(4). This makes 326 "options CPU_ENABLE_TCC" obsolete. Please load cpufreq.ko or 327 compile in "device cpufreq" to restore this functionality. 328 32920050220: 330 The responsibility of recomputing the file system summary of 331 a SoftUpdates-enabled dirty volume has been transferred to the 332 background fsck. A rebuild of fsck(8) utility is recommended 333 if you have updated the kernel. 334 335 To get the old behavior (recompute file system summary at mount 336 time), you can set vfs.ffs.compute_summary_at_mount=1 before 337 mounting the new volume. 338 33920050206: 340 The cpufreq import is complete. As part of this, the sysctls for 341 acpi(4) throttling have been removed. The power_profile script 342 has been updated, so you can use performance/economy_cpu_freq in 343 rc.conf(5) to set AC on/offline cpu frequencies. 344 34520050206: 346 NG_VERSION has been increased. Recompiling kernel (or ng_socket.ko) 347 requires recompiling libnetgraph and userland netgraph utilities. 348 34920050114: 350 Support for abbreviated forms of a number of ipfw options is 351 now deprecated. Warnings are printed to stderr indicating the 352 correct full form when a match occurs. Some abbreviations may 353 be supported at a later date based on user feedback. To be 354 considered for support, abbreviations must be in use prior to 355 this commit and unlikely to be confused with current key words. 356 35720041221: 358 By a popular demand, a lot of NOFOO options were renamed 359 to NO_FOO (see bsd.compat.mk for a full list). The old 360 spellings are still supported, but will cause annoying 361 warnings on stderr. Make sure you upgrade properly (see 362 the COMMON ITEMS: section later in this file). 363 36420041219: 365 Auto-loading of ancillary wlan modules such as wlan_wep has 366 been temporarily disabled; you need to statically configure 367 the modules you need into your kernel or explicitly load them 368 prior to use. Specifically, if you intend to use WEP encryption 369 with an 802.11 device load/configure wlan_wep; if you want to 370 use WPA with the ath driver load/configure wlan_tkip, wlan_ccmp, 371 and wlan_xauth as required. 372 37320041213: 374 The behaviour of ppp(8) has changed slightly. If lqr is enabled 375 (``enable lqr''), older versions would revert to LCP ECHO mode on 376 negotiation failure. Now, ``enable echo'' is required for this 377 behaviour. The ppp version number has been bumped to 3.4.2 to 378 reflect the change. 379 38020041201: 381 The wlan support has been updated to split the crypto support 382 into separate modules. For static WEP you must configure the 383 wlan_wep module in your system or build and install the module 384 in place where it can be loaded (the kernel will auto-load 385 the module when a wep key is configured). 386 38720041201: 388 The ath driver has been updated to split the tx rate control 389 algorithm into a separate module. You need to include either 390 ath_rate_onoe or ath_rate_amrr when configuring the kernel. 391 39220041116: 393 Support for systems with an 80386 CPU has been removed. Please 394 use FreeBSD 5.x or earlier on systems with an 80386. 395 39620041110: 397 We have had a hack which would mount the root filesystem 398 R/W if the device were named 'md*'. As part of the vnode 399 work I'm doing I have had to remove this hack. People 400 building systems which use preloaded MD root filesystems 401 may need to insert a "/sbin/mount -u -o rw /dev/md0 /" in 402 their /etc/rc scripts. 403 40420041104: 405 FreeBSD 5.3 shipped here. 406 40720041102: 408 The size of struct tcpcb has changed again due to the removal 409 of RFC1644 T/TCP. You have to recompile userland programs that 410 read kmem for tcp sockets directly (netstat, sockstat, etc.) 411 41220041022: 413 The size of struct tcpcb has changed. You have to recompile 414 userland programs that read kmem for tcp sockets directly 415 (netstat, sockstat, etc.) 416 41720041016: 418 RELENG_5 branched here. For older entries, please see updating 419 in the RELENG_5 branch. 420 421COMMON ITEMS: 422 423 General Notes 424 ------------- 425 Avoid using make -j when upgrading. From time to time in the 426 past there have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or 427 installworld. This is especially true when upgrading between 428 "distant" versions (eg one that cross a major release boundary 429 or several minor releases, or when several months have passed 430 on the -current branch). 431 432 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment 433 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its 434 environment when searching for values for global variables. 435 To run your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", 436 prefix all make commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual 437 page for more details. 438 439 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally 440 best to upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch 441 first, then do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested 442 upgrade path, and has the highest probability of being successful. 443 Please try this approach before reporting problems with a major 444 version upgrade. 445 446 To build a kernel 447 ----------------- 448 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just 449 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most 450 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld, 451 452 make kernel-toolchain 453 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 454 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 455 456 To test a kernel once 457 --------------------- 458 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure 459 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide 460 debugging information) run 461 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel 462 nextboot -k testkernel 463 464 To just build a kernel when you know that it won't mess you up 465 -------------------------------------------------------------- 466 This assumes you are already running a 5.X system. Replace 467 ${arch} with the architecture of your machine (e.g. "i386", 468 "alpha", "amd64", "ia64", "pc98", "sparc64", etc). 469 470 cd src/sys/${arch}/conf 471 config KERNEL_NAME_HERE 472 cd ../compile/KERNEL_NAME_HERE 473 make depend 474 make 475 make install 476 477 If this fails, go to the "To build a kernel" section. 478 479 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system. 480 ----------------------------------------------------------- 481 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than 482 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current. 483 484 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 485 make buildworld 486 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 487 [1] 488 <reboot in single user> [3] 489 mergemaster -p [5] 490 make installworld 491 make delete-old 492 mergemaster [4] 493 <reboot> 494 495 496 To cross-install current onto a separate partition 497 -------------------------------------------------- 498 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold 499 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition 500 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in 501 # size. 502 503 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 504 <boot into -stable> 505 make buildworld 506 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 507 <maybe newfs current's root partition> 508 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}> 509 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 510 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd 511 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 512 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd 513 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition> 514 <reboot into current> 515 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section> 516 <maybe install compatibility libraries from src/lib/compat> 517 <reboot> 518 519 520 To upgrade in-place from 5.x-stable to current 521 ---------------------------------------------- 522 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 523 make buildworld [9] 524 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8] 525 [1] 526 <reboot in single user> [3] 527 mergemaster -p [5] 528 make installworld 529 make delete-old 530 mergemaster -i [4] 531 <reboot> 532 533 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the 534 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life 535 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own 536 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of 537 the UPDATING entries. 538 539 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to 540 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update 541 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent 542 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has 543 much fewer pitfalls. 544 545 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you 546 should disable them at this point so they don't crash your 547 system on reboot. 548 549 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do 550 fsck -p 551 mount -u / 552 mount -a 553 cd src 554 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time 555 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that 556 you boot into single user mode to do the installworld. 557 558 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step 559 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the 560 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those 561 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well 562 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists 563 for potential gotchas. 564 565 [5] Usually this step is a noop. However, from time to time 566 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following 567 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to 568 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make 569 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated 570 from current before 20020224 or from -stable before 20020408. 571 572 [8] In order to have a kernel that can run the 4.x binaries 573 needed to do an installworld, you must include the COMPAT_FREEBSD4 574 option in your kernel. Failure to do so may leave you with a system 575 that is hard to boot to recover. A similar kernel option COMPAT_FREEBSD5 576 is required to run the 5.x binaries on more recent kernels. 577 578 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the 579 last time you updated your kernel config file. 580 581 [9] When checking out sources, you must include the -P flag to have 582 cvs prune empty directories. 583 584 If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the 585 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can 586 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to. 587 588 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and 589 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will 590 warn if it is improperly defined. 591FORMAT: 592 593This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major 594breakages in tracking -current. Not all things will be listed here, 595and it only starts on October 16, 2004. Updating files can found in 596previous releases if your system is older than this. 597 598Copyright information: 599 600Copyright 1998-2005 M. Warner Losh. All Rights Reserved. 601 602Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without 603modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this 604document are permitted without further permission from the author. 605 606THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 607IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 608WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE 609DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, 610INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES 611(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR 612SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 613HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, 614STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING 615IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 616POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 617 618If you find this document useful, and you want to, you may buy the 619author a beer. 620 621Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of 622this document. 623 624$FreeBSD: head/UPDATING 162779 2006-09-29 10:14:37Z ru $ 625