UPDATING revision 162023
1Updating Information for FreeBSD current users 2 3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh 4<imp@village.org>. See end of file for further details. For commonly 5done items, please see the COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. 6 7Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in 8/usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before running 9portupgrade. 10 11NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 7.x IS SLOW: 12 FreeBSD 7.x has many debugging features turned on, in 13 both the kernel and userland. These features attempt to detect 14 incorrect use of system primitives, and encourage loud failure 15 through extra sanity checking and fail stop semantics. They 16 also substantially impact system performance. If you want to 17 do performance measurement, benchmarking, and optimization, 18 you'll want to turn them off. This includes various WITNESS- 19 related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc debugging flags 20 in userland, and various verbose features in the kernel. Many 21 developers choose to disable these features on build machines 22 to maximize performance. 23 2420060903: 25 libpcap updated to v0.9.4 and tcpdump to v3.9.4 26 2720060816: 28 The IPFIREWALL_FORWARD_EXTENDED option is gone and the behaviour 29 for IP_FIREWALL_FORWARD is now as it was before when it was first 30 committed and for years after. The behaviour is now ON. 31 3220060725: 33 enigma(1)/crypt(1) utility has been changed on 64 bit architectures. 34 Now it can decrypt files created from different architectures. 35 Unfortunately, it is no longer able to decrypt a cipher text 36 generated with an older version on 64 bit architectures. 37 If you have such a file, you need old utility to decrypt it. 38 3920060709: 40 The interface version of the i4b kernel part has changed. So 41 after updating the kernel sources and compiling a new kernel, 42 the i4b user space tools in "/usr/src/usr.sbin/i4b" must also 43 be rebuilt, and vice versa. 44 4520060627: 46 The XBOX kernel now defaults to the nfe(4) driver instead of 47 the nve(4) driver. Please update your configuration 48 accordingly. 49 5020060514: 51 The i386-only lnc(4) driver for the AMD Am7900 LANCE and Am79C9xx 52 PCnet family of NICs has been removed. The new le(4) driver serves 53 as an equivalent but cross-platform replacement with the pcn(4) 54 driver still providing performance-optimized support for the subset 55 of AMD Am79C971 PCnet-FAST and greater chips as before. 56 5720060511: 58 The machdep.* sysctls and the adjkerntz utility have been 59 modified a bit. The new adjkerntz utility uses the new 60 sysctl names and sysctlbyname() calls, so it may be impossible 61 to run an old /sbin/adjkerntz utility in single-user mode 62 with a new kernel. Replace the `adjkerntz -i' step before 63 `make installworld' with: 64 65 /usr/obj/usr/src/sbin/adjkerntz/adjkerntz -i 66 67 and proceed as usual with the rest of the installworld-stage 68 steps. Otherwise, you risk installing binaries with their 69 timestamp set several hours in the future, especially if 70 you are running with local time set to GMT+X hours. 71 7220060412: 73 The ip6fw utility has been removed. The behavior provided by 74 ip6fw has been in ipfw2 for a good while and the rc.d scripts 75 have been updated to deal with it. There are some rules that 76 might not migrate cleanly. Use rc.firewall6 as a template to 77 rewrite rules. 78 7920060428: 80 The puc(4) driver has been overhauled. The ebus(4) and sbus(4) 81 attachments have been removed. Make sure to configure scc(4) 82 on sparc64. Note also that by default puc(4) will use uart(4) 83 and not sio(4) for serial ports because interrupt handling has 84 been optimized for multi-port serial cards and only uart(4) 85 implements the interface to support it. 86 8720060330: 88 The scc(4) driver replaces puc(4) for Serial Communications 89 Controllers (SCCs) like the Siemens SAB82532 and the Zilog 90 Z8530. On sparc64, it is advised to add scc(4) to the kernel 91 configuration to make sure that the serial ports remain 92 functional. 93 9420060317: 95 Most world/kernel related NO_* build options changed names. 96 New knobs have common prefixes WITHOUT_*/WITH_* (modelled 97 after FreeBSD ports) and should be set in /etc/src.conf 98 (the src.conf(5) manpage is provided). Full backwards 99 compatibility is maintained for the time being though it's 100 highly recommended to start moving old options out of the 101 system-wide /etc/make.conf file into the new /etc/src.conf 102 while also properly renaming them. More conversions will 103 likely follow. Posting to current@: 104 105 http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-current/2006-March/061725.html 106 10720060305: 108 The NETSMBCRYPTO kernel option has been retired because its 109 functionality is always included in NETSMB and smbfs.ko now. 110 11120060303: 112 The TDFX_LINUX kernel option was retired and replaced by the 113 tdfx_linux device. The latter can be loaded as the 3dfx_linux.ko 114 kernel module. Loading it alone should suffice to get 3dfx support 115 for Linux apps because it will pull in 3dfx.ko and linux.ko through 116 its dependencies. 117 11820060204: 119 The 'audit' group was added to support the new auditing functionality 120 in the base system. Be sure to follow the directions for updating, 121 including the requirement to run mergemaster -p. 122 12320060201: 124 The kernel ABI to file system modules was changed on i386. 125 Please make sure that your kernel and modules are in sync. 126 12720060118: 128 This actually occured some time ago, but installing the kernel 129 now also installs a bunch of symbol files for the kernel modules. 130 This increases the size of /boot/kernel to about 67Mbytes. You 131 will need twice this if you will eventually back this up to kernel.old 132 on your next install. 133 If you have a shortage of room in your root partition, you should add 134 -DINSTALL_NODEBUG to your make arguments or add INSTALL_NODEBUG="yes" 135 to your /etc/make.conf. 136 13720060113: 138 libc's malloc implementation has been replaced. This change has the 139 potential to uncover application bugs that previously went unnoticed. 140 See the malloc(3) manual page for more details. 141 14220060112: 143 The generic netgraph(4) cookie has been changed. If you upgrade 144 kernel passing this point, you also need to upgrade userland 145 and netgraph(4) utilities like ports/net/mpd or ports/net/mpd4. 146 14720060106: 148 si(4)'s device files now contain the unit number. 149 Uses of {cua,tty}A[0-9a-f] should be replaced by {cua,tty}A0[0-9a-f]. 150 15120060106: 152 The kernel ABI was mostly destroyed due to a change in the size 153 of struct lock_object which is nested in other structures such 154 as mutexes which are nested in all sorts of other structures. 155 Make sure your kernel and modules are in sync. 156 15720051231: 158 The page coloring algorithm in the VM subsystem was converted 159 from tuning with kernel options to autotuning. Please remove 160 any PQ_* option except PQ_NOOPT from your kernel config. 161 16220051211: 163 The net80211-related tools in the tools/tools/ath directory 164 have been moved to tools/tools/net80211 and renamed with a 165 "wlan" prefix. Scripts that use them should be adjusted 166 accordingly. 167 16820051202: 169 Scripts in the local_startup directories (as defined in 170 /etc/defaults/rc.conf) that have the new rc.d semantics will 171 now be run as part of the base system rcorder. If there are 172 errors or problems with one of these local scripts, it could 173 cause boot problems. If you encounter such problems, boot in 174 single user mode, remove that script from the */rc.d directory. 175 Please report the problem to the port's maintainer, and the 176 freebsd-ports@freebsd.org mailing list. 177 17820051129: 179 The nodev mount option was deprecated in RELENG_6 (where it 180 was a no-op), and is now unsupported. If you have nodev or dev listed 181 in /etc/fstab, remove it, otherwise it will result in a mount error. 182 18320051129: 184 ABI between ipfw(4) and ipfw(8) has been changed. You need 185 to rebuild ipfw(8) when rebuilding kernel. 186 18720051108: 188 rp(4)'s device files now contain the unit number. 189 Uses of {cua,tty}R[0-9a-f] should be replaced by {cua,tty}R0[0-9a-f]. 190 19120051029: 192 /etc/rc.d/ppp-user has been renamed to /etc/rc.d/ppp. 193 Its /etc/rc.conf.d configuration file has been `ppp' from 194 the beginning, and hence there is no need to touch it. 195 19620051014: 197 Now most modules get their build-time options from the kernel 198 configuration file. A few modules still have fixed options 199 due to their non-conformant implementation, but they will be 200 corrected eventually. You may need to review the options of 201 the modules in use, explicitly specify the non-default options 202 in the kernel configuration file, and rebuild the kernel and 203 modules afterwards. 204 20520051001: 206 kern.polling.enable sysctl MIB is now deprecated. Use ifconfig(8) 207 to turn polling(4) on your interfaces. 208 20920050927: 210 The old bridge(4) implementation was retired. The new 211 if_bridge(4) serves as a full functional replacement. 212 21320050722: 214 The ai_addrlen of a struct addrinfo was changed to a socklen_t 215 to conform to POSIX-2001. This change broke an ABI 216 compatibility on 64 bit architecture. You have to recompile 217 userland programs that use getaddrinfo(3) on 64 bit 218 architecture. 219 22020050711: 221 RELENG_6 branched here. 222 22320050629: 224 The pccard_ifconfig rc.conf variable has been removed and a new 225 variable, ifconfig_DEFAULT has been introduced. Unlike 226 pccard_ifconfig, ifconfig_DEFAULT applies to ALL interfaces that 227 do not have ifconfig_ifn entries rather than just those in 228 removable_interfaces. 229 23020050616: 231 Some previous versions of PAM have permitted the use of 232 non-absolute paths in /etc/pam.conf or /etc/pam.d/* when referring 233 to third party PAM modules in /usr/local/lib. A change has been 234 made to require the use of absolute paths in order to avoid 235 ambiguity and dependence on library path configuration, which may 236 affect existing configurations. 237 23820050610: 239 Major changes to network interface API. All drivers must be 240 recompiled. Drivers not in the base system will need to be 241 updated to the new APIs. 242 24320050609: 244 Changes were made to kinfo_proc in sys/user.h. Please recompile 245 userland, or commands like `fstat', `pkill', `ps', `top' and `w' 246 will not behave correctly. 247 248 The API and ABI for hwpmc(4) have changed with the addition 249 of sampling support. Please recompile lib/libpmc(3) and 250 usr.sbin/{pmcstat,pmccontrol}. 251 25220050606: 253 The OpenBSD dhclient was imported in place of the ISC dhclient 254 and the network interface configuration scripts were updated 255 accordingly. If you use DHCP to configure your interfaces, you 256 must now run devd. Also, DNS updating was lost so you will need 257 to find a workaround if you use this feature. 258 259 The '_dhcp' user was added to support the OpenBSD dhclient. Be 260 sure to run mergemaster -p (like you are supposed to do every time 261 anyway). 262 26320050605: 264 if_bridge was added to the tree. This has changed struct ifnet. 265 Please recompile userland and all network related modules. 266 26720050603: 268 The n_net of a struct netent was changed to an uint32_t, and 269 1st argument of getnetbyaddr() was changed to an uint32_t, to 270 conform to POSIX-2001. These changes broke an ABI 271 compatibility on 64 bit architecture. With these changes, 272 shlib major of libpcap was bumped. You have to recompile 273 userland programs that use getnetbyaddr(3), getnetbyname(3), 274 getnetent(3) and/or libpcap on 64 bit architecture. 275 27620050528: 277 Kernel parsing of extra options on '#!' first lines of shell 278 scripts has changed. Lines with multiple options likely will 279 fail after this date. For full details, please see 280 http://people.freebsd.org/~gad/Updating-20050528.txt 281 28220050503: 283 The packet filter (pf) code has been updated to OpenBSD 3.7 284 Please note the changed anchor syntax and the fact that 285 authpf(8) now needs a mounted fdescfs(5) to function. 286 28720050415: 288 The NO_MIXED_MODE kernel option has been removed from the i386 289 amd64 platforms as its use has been superceded by the new local 290 APIC timer code. Any kernel config files containing this option 291 should be updated. 292 29320050227: 294 The on-disk format of LC_CTYPE files was changed to be machine 295 independent. Please make sure NOT to use NO_CLEAN buildworld 296 when crossing this point. Crossing this point also requires 297 recompile or reinstall of all locale depended packages. 298 29920050225: 300 The ifi_epoch member of struct if_data has been changed to 301 contain the uptime at which the interface was created or the 302 statistics zeroed rather then the wall clock time because 303 wallclock time may go backwards. This should have no impact 304 unless an snmp implementation is using this value (I know of 305 none at this point.) 306 30720050224: 308 The acpi_perf and acpi_throttle drivers are now part of the 309 acpi(4) main module. They are no longer built separately. 310 31120050223: 312 The layout of struct image_params has changed. You have to 313 recompile all compatibility modules (linux, svr4, etc) for use 314 with the new kernel. 315 31620050223: 317 The p4tcc driver has been merged into cpufreq(4). This makes 318 "options CPU_ENABLE_TCC" obsolete. Please load cpufreq.ko or 319 compile in "device cpufreq" to restore this functionality. 320 32120050220: 322 The responsibility of recomputing the file system summary of 323 a SoftUpdates-enabled dirty volume has been transferred to the 324 background fsck. A rebuild of fsck(8) utility is recommended 325 if you have updated the kernel. 326 327 To get the old behavior (recompute file system summary at mount 328 time), you can set vfs.ffs.compute_summary_at_mount=1 before 329 mounting the new volume. 330 33120050206: 332 The cpufreq import is complete. As part of this, the sysctls for 333 acpi(4) throttling have been removed. The power_profile script 334 has been updated, so you can use performance/economy_cpu_freq in 335 rc.conf(5) to set AC on/offline cpu frequencies. 336 33720050206: 338 NG_VERSION has been increased. Recompiling kernel (or ng_socket.ko) 339 requires recompiling libnetgraph and userland netgraph utilities. 340 34120050114: 342 Support for abbreviated forms of a number of ipfw options is 343 now deprecated. Warnings are printed to stderr indicating the 344 correct full form when a match occurs. Some abbreviations may 345 be supported at a later date based on user feedback. To be 346 considered for support, abbreviations must be in use prior to 347 this commit and unlikely to be confused with current key words. 348 34920041221: 350 By a popular demand, a lot of NOFOO options were renamed 351 to NO_FOO (see bsd.compat.mk for a full list). The old 352 spellings are still supported, but will cause annoying 353 warnings on stderr. Make sure you upgrade properly (see 354 the COMMON ITEMS: section later in this file). 355 35620041219: 357 Auto-loading of ancillary wlan modules such as wlan_wep has 358 been temporarily disabled; you need to statically configure 359 the modules you need into your kernel or explicitly load them 360 prior to use. Specifically, if you intend to use WEP encryption 361 with an 802.11 device load/configure wlan_wep; if you want to 362 use WPA with the ath driver load/configure wlan_tkip, wlan_ccmp, 363 and wlan_xauth as required. 364 36520041213: 366 The behaviour of ppp(8) has changed slightly. If lqr is enabled 367 (``enable lqr''), older versions would revert to LCP ECHO mode on 368 negotiation failure. Now, ``enable echo'' is required for this 369 behaviour. The ppp version number has been bumped to 3.4.2 to 370 reflect the change. 371 37220041201: 373 The wlan support has been updated to split the crypto support 374 into separate modules. For static WEP you must configure the 375 wlan_wep module in your system or build and install the module 376 in place where it can be loaded (the kernel will auto-load 377 the module when a wep key is configured). 378 37920041201: 380 The ath driver has been updated to split the tx rate control 381 algorithm into a separate module. You need to include either 382 ath_rate_onoe or ath_rate_amrr when configuring the kernel. 383 38420041116: 385 Support for systems with an 80386 CPU has been removed. Please 386 use FreeBSD 5.x or earlier on systems with an 80386. 387 38820041110: 389 We have had a hack which would mount the root filesystem 390 R/W if the device were named 'md*'. As part of the vnode 391 work I'm doing I have had to remove this hack. People 392 building systems which use preloaded MD root filesystems 393 may need to insert a "/sbin/mount -u -o rw /dev/md0 /" in 394 their /etc/rc scripts. 395 39620041104: 397 FreeBSD 5.3 shipped here. 398 39920041102: 400 The size of struct tcpcb has changed again due to the removal 401 of RFC1644 T/TCP. You have to recompile userland programs that 402 read kmem for tcp sockets directly (netstat, sockstat, etc.) 403 40420041022: 405 The size of struct tcpcb has changed. You have to recompile 406 userland programs that read kmem for tcp sockets directly 407 (netstat, sockstat, etc.) 408 40920041016: 410 RELENG_5 branched here. For older entries, please see updating 411 in the RELENG_5 branch. 412 413COMMON ITEMS: 414 415 General Notes 416 ------------- 417 Avoid using make -j when upgrading. From time to time in the 418 past there have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or 419 installworld. This is especially true when upgrading between 420 "distant" versions (eg one that cross a major release boundary 421 or several minor releases, or when several months have passed 422 on the -current branch). 423 424 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment 425 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its 426 environment when searching for values for global variables. 427 To run your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", 428 prefix all make commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual 429 page for more details. 430 431 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally 432 best to upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch 433 first, then do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested 434 upgrade path, and has the highest probability of being successful. 435 Please try this approach before reporting problems with a major 436 version upgrade. 437 438 To build a kernel 439 ----------------- 440 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just 441 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most 442 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld, 443 444 make kernel-toolchain 445 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 446 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 447 448 To test a kernel once 449 --------------------- 450 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure 451 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide 452 debugging information) run 453 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel 454 nextboot -k testkernel 455 456 To just build a kernel when you know that it won't mess you up 457 -------------------------------------------------------------- 458 This assumes you are already running a 5.X system. Replace 459 ${arch} with the architecture of your machine (e.g. "i386", 460 "alpha", "amd64", "ia64", "pc98", "sparc64", etc). 461 462 cd src/sys/${arch}/conf 463 config KERNEL_NAME_HERE 464 cd ../compile/KERNEL_NAME_HERE 465 make depend 466 make 467 make install 468 469 If this fails, go to the "To build a kernel" section. 470 471 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system. 472 ----------------------------------------------------------- 473 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than 474 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current. 475 476 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 477 make buildworld 478 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 479 [1] 480 <reboot in single user> [3] 481 mergemaster -p [5] 482 make installworld 483 make delete-old 484 mergemaster [4] 485 <reboot> 486 487 488 To cross-install current onto a separate partition 489 -------------------------------------------------- 490 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold 491 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition 492 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in 493 # size. 494 495 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 496 <boot into -stable> 497 make buildworld 498 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 499 <maybe newfs current's root partition> 500 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}> 501 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 502 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd 503 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 504 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd 505 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition> 506 <reboot into current> 507 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section> 508 <maybe install compatibility libraries from src/lib/compat> 509 <reboot> 510 511 512 To upgrade in-place from 5.x-stable to current 513 ---------------------------------------------- 514 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 515 make buildworld [9] 516 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8] 517 [1] 518 <reboot in single user> [3] 519 mergemaster -p [5] 520 make installworld 521 make delete-old 522 mergemaster -i [4] 523 <reboot> 524 525 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the 526 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life 527 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own 528 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of 529 the UPDATING entries. 530 531 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to 532 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update 533 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent 534 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has 535 much fewer pitfalls. 536 537 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you 538 should disable them at this point so they don't crash your 539 system on reboot. 540 541 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do 542 fsck -p 543 mount -u / 544 mount -a 545 cd src 546 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time 547 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that 548 you boot into single user mode to do the installworld. 549 550 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step 551 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the 552 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those 553 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well 554 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists 555 for potential gotchas. 556 557 [5] Usually this step is a noop. However, from time to time 558 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following 559 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to 560 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make 561 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated 562 from current before 20020224 or from -stable before 20020408. 563 564 [8] In order to have a kernel that can run the 4.x binaries 565 needed to do an installworld, you must include the COMPAT_FREEBSD4 566 option in your kernel. Failure to do so may leave you with a system 567 that is hard to boot to recover. A similar kernel option COMPAT_FREEBSD5 568 is required to run the 5.x binaries on more recent kernels. 569 570 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the 571 last time you updated your kernel config file. 572 573 [9] When checking out sources, you must include the -P flag to have 574 cvs prune empty directories. 575 576 If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the 577 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can 578 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to. 579 580 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and 581 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will 582 warn if it is improperly defined. 583FORMAT: 584 585This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major 586breakages in tracking -current. Not all things will be listed here, 587and it only starts on October 16, 2004. Updating files can found in 588previous releases if your system is older than this. 589 590Copyright information: 591 592Copyright 1998-2005 M. Warner Losh. All Rights Reserved. 593 594Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without 595modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this 596document are permitted without further permission from the author. 597 598THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 599IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 600WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE 601DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, 602INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES 603(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR 604SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 605HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, 606STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING 607IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 608POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 609 610If you find this document useful, and you want to, you may buy the 611author a beer. 612 613Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of 614this document. 615 616$FreeBSD: head/UPDATING 162023 2006-09-04 21:49:31Z sam $ 617