UPDATING revision 161381
1Updating Information for FreeBSD current users 2 3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh 4<imp@village.org>. See end of file for further details. For commonly 5done items, please see the COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. 6 7Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in 8/usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before running 9portupgrade. 10 11NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 7.x IS SLOW: 12 FreeBSD 7.x has many debugging features turned on, in 13 both the kernel and userland. These features attempt to detect 14 incorrect use of system primitives, and encourage loud failure 15 through extra sanity checking and fail stop semantics. They 16 also substantially impact system performance. If you want to 17 do performance measurement, benchmarking, and optimization, 18 you'll want to turn them off. This includes various WITNESS- 19 related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc debugging flags 20 in userland, and various verbose features in the kernel. Many 21 developers choose to disable these features on build machines 22 to maximize performance. 23 2420060816: 25 The IPFIREWALL_FORWARD_EXTENDED option is gone and the behaviour 26 for IP_FIREWALL_FORWARD is now as it was before when it was first 27 committed and for years after. The behaviour is now ON. 28 2920060725: 30 enigma(1)/crypt(1) utility has been changed on 64 bit architectures. 31 Now it can decrypt files created from different architectures. 32 Unfortunately, it is no longer able to decrypt a cipher text 33 generated with an older version on 64 bit architectures. 34 If you have such a file, you need old utility to decrypt it. 35 3620060709: 37 The interface version of the i4b kernel part has changed. So 38 after updating the kernel sources and compiling a new kernel, 39 the i4b user space tools in "/usr/src/usr.sbin/i4b" must also 40 be rebuilt, and vice versa. 41 4220060627: 43 The XBOX kernel now defaults to the nfe(4) driver instead of 44 the nve(4) driver. Please update your configuration 45 accordingly. 46 4720060511: 48 The machdep.* sysctls and the adjkerntz utility have been 49 modified a bit. The new adjkerntz utility uses the new 50 sysctl names and sysctlbyname() calls, so it may be impossible 51 to run an old /sbin/adjkerntz utility in single-user mode 52 with a new kernel. Replace the `adjkerntz -i' step before 53 `make installworld' with: 54 55 /usr/obj/usr/src/sbin/adjkerntz/adjkerntz -i 56 57 and proceed as usual with the rest of the installworld-stage 58 steps. Otherwise, you risk installing binaries with their 59 timestamp set several hours in the future, especially if 60 you are running with local time set to GMT+X hours. 61 6220060412: 63 The ip6fw utility has been removed. The behavior provided by 64 ip6fw has been in ipfw2 for a good while and the rc.d scripts 65 have been updated to deal with it. There are some rules that 66 might not migrate cleanly. Use rc.firewall6 as a template to 67 rewrite rules. 68 6920060428: 70 The puc(4) driver has been overhauled. The ebus(4) and sbus(4) 71 attachments have been removed. Make sure to configure scc(4) 72 on sparc64. Note also that by default puc(4) will use uart(4) 73 and not sio(4) for serial ports because interrupt handling has 74 been optimized for multi-port serial cards and only uart(4) 75 implements the interface to support it. 76 7720060330: 78 The scc(4) driver replaces puc(4) for Serial Communications 79 Controllers (SCCs) like the Siemens SAB82532 and the Zilog 80 Z8530. On sparc64, it is advised to add scc(4) to the kernel 81 configuration to make sure that the serial ports remain 82 functional. 83 8420060317: 85 Most world/kernel related NO_* build options changed names. 86 New knobs have common prefixes WITHOUT_*/WITH_* (modelled 87 after FreeBSD ports) and should be set in /etc/src.conf 88 (the src.conf(5) manpage is provided). Full backwards 89 compatibility is maintained for the time being though it's 90 highly recommended to start moving old options out of the 91 system-wide /etc/make.conf file into the new /etc/src.conf 92 while also properly renaming them. More conversions will 93 likely follow. Posting to current@: 94 95 http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-current/2006-March/061725.html 96 9720060305: 98 The NETSMBCRYPTO kernel option has been retired because its 99 functionality is always included in NETSMB and smbfs.ko now. 100 10120060303: 102 The TDFX_LINUX kernel option was retired and replaced by the 103 tdfx_linux device. The latter can be loaded as the 3dfx_linux.ko 104 kernel module. Loading it alone should suffice to get 3dfx support 105 for Linux apps because it will pull in 3dfx.ko and linux.ko through 106 its dependencies. 107 10820060204: 109 The 'audit' group was added to support the new auditing functionality 110 in the base system. Be sure to follow the directions for updating, 111 including the requirement to run mergemaster -p. 112 11320060201: 114 The kernel ABI to file system modules was changed on i386. 115 Please make sure that your kernel and modules are in sync. 116 11720060118: 118 This actually occured some time ago, but installing the kernel 119 now also installs a bunch of symbol files for the kernel modules. 120 This increases the size of /boot/kernel to about 67Mbytes. You 121 will need twice this if you will eventually back this up to kernel.old 122 on your next install. 123 If you have a shortage of room in your root partition, you should add 124 -DINSTALL_NODEBUG to your make arguments or add INSTALL_NODEBUG="yes" 125 to your /etc/make.conf. 126 12720060113: 128 libc's malloc implementation has been replaced. This change has the 129 potential to uncover application bugs that previously went unnoticed. 130 See the malloc(3) manual page for more details. 131 13220060112: 133 The generic netgraph(4) cookie has been changed. If you upgrade 134 kernel passing this point, you also need to upgrade userland 135 and netgraph(4) utilities like ports/net/mpd or ports/net/mpd4. 136 13720060106: 138 si(4)'s device files now contain the unit number. 139 Uses of {cua,tty}A[0-9a-f] should be replaced by {cua,tty}A0[0-9a-f]. 140 14120060106: 142 The kernel ABI was mostly destroyed due to a change in the size 143 of struct lock_object which is nested in other structures such 144 as mutexes which are nested in all sorts of other structures. 145 Make sure your kernel and modules are in sync. 146 14720051231: 148 The page coloring algorithm in the VM subsystem was converted 149 from tuning with kernel options to autotuning. Please remove 150 any PQ_* option except PQ_NOOPT from your kernel config. 151 15220051211: 153 The net80211-related tools in the tools/tools/ath directory 154 have been moved to tools/tools/net80211 and renamed with a 155 "wlan" prefix. Scripts that use them should be adjusted 156 accordingly. 157 15820051202: 159 Scripts in the local_startup directories (as defined in 160 /etc/defaults/rc.conf) that have the new rc.d semantics will 161 now be run as part of the base system rcorder. If there are 162 errors or problems with one of these local scripts, it could 163 cause boot problems. If you encounter such problems, boot in 164 single user mode, remove that script from the */rc.d directory. 165 Please report the problem to the port's maintainer, and the 166 freebsd-ports@freebsd.org mailing list. 167 16820051129: 169 The nodev mount option was deprecated in RELENG_6 (where it 170 was a no-op), and is now unsupported. If you have nodev or dev listed 171 in /etc/fstab, remove it, otherwise it will result in a mount error. 172 17320051129: 174 ABI between ipfw(4) and ipfw(8) has been changed. You need 175 to rebuild ipfw(8) when rebuilding kernel. 176 17720051108: 178 rp(4)'s device files now contain the unit number. 179 Uses of {cua,tty}R[0-9a-f] should be replaced by {cua,tty}R0[0-9a-f]. 180 18120051029: 182 /etc/rc.d/ppp-user has been renamed to /etc/rc.d/ppp. 183 Its /etc/rc.conf.d configuration file has been `ppp' from 184 the beginning, and hence there is no need to touch it. 185 18620051014: 187 Now most modules get their build-time options from the kernel 188 configuration file. A few modules still have fixed options 189 due to their non-conformant implementation, but they will be 190 corrected eventually. You may need to review the options of 191 the modules in use, explicitly specify the non-default options 192 in the kernel configuration file, and rebuild the kernel and 193 modules afterwards. 194 19520051001: 196 kern.polling.enable sysctl MIB is now deprecated. Use ifconfig(8) 197 to turn polling(4) on your interfaces. 198 19920050927: 200 The old bridge(4) implementation was retired. The new 201 if_bridge(4) serves as a full functional replacement. 202 20320050722: 204 The ai_addrlen of a struct addrinfo was changed to a socklen_t 205 to conform to POSIX-2001. This change broke an ABI 206 compatibility on 64 bit architecture. You have to recompile 207 userland programs that use getaddrinfo(3) on 64 bit 208 architecture. 209 21020050711: 211 RELENG_6 branched here. 212 21320050629: 214 The pccard_ifconfig rc.conf variable has been removed and a new 215 variable, ifconfig_DEFAULT has been introduced. Unlike 216 pccard_ifconfig, ifconfig_DEFAULT applies to ALL interfaces that 217 do not have ifconfig_ifn entries rather than just those in 218 removable_interfaces. 219 22020050616: 221 Some previous versions of PAM have permitted the use of 222 non-absolute paths in /etc/pam.conf or /etc/pam.d/* when referring 223 to third party PAM modules in /usr/local/lib. A change has been 224 made to require the use of absolute paths in order to avoid 225 ambiguity and dependence on library path configuration, which may 226 affect existing configurations. 227 22820050610: 229 Major changes to network interface API. All drivers must be 230 recompiled. Drivers not in the base system will need to be 231 updated to the new APIs. 232 23320050609: 234 Changes were made to kinfo_proc in sys/user.h. Please recompile 235 userland, or commands like `fstat', `pkill', `ps', `top' and `w' 236 will not behave correctly. 237 238 The API and ABI for hwpmc(4) have changed with the addition 239 of sampling support. Please recompile lib/libpmc(3) and 240 usr.sbin/{pmcstat,pmccontrol}. 241 24220050606: 243 The OpenBSD dhclient was imported in place of the ISC dhclient 244 and the network interface configuration scripts were updated 245 accordingly. If you use DHCP to configure your interfaces, you 246 must now run devd. Also, DNS updating was lost so you will need 247 to find a workaround if you use this feature. 248 249 The '_dhcp' user was added to support the OpenBSD dhclient. Be 250 sure to run mergemaster -p (like you are supposed to do every time 251 anyway). 252 25320050605: 254 if_bridge was added to the tree. This has changed struct ifnet. 255 Please recompile userland and all network related modules. 256 25720050603: 258 The n_net of a struct netent was changed to an uint32_t, and 259 1st argument of getnetbyaddr() was changed to an uint32_t, to 260 conform to POSIX-2001. These changes broke an ABI 261 compatibility on 64 bit architecture. With these changes, 262 shlib major of libpcap was bumped. You have to recompile 263 userland programs that use getnetbyaddr(3), getnetbyname(3), 264 getnetent(3) and/or libpcap on 64 bit architecture. 265 26620050528: 267 Kernel parsing of extra options on '#!' first lines of shell 268 scripts has changed. Lines with multiple options likely will 269 fail after this date. For full details, please see 270 http://people.freebsd.org/~gad/Updating-20050528.txt 271 27220050503: 273 The packet filter (pf) code has been updated to OpenBSD 3.7 274 Please note the changed anchor syntax and the fact that 275 authpf(8) now needs a mounted fdescfs(5) to function. 276 27720050415: 278 The NO_MIXED_MODE kernel option has been removed from the i386 279 amd64 platforms as its use has been superceded by the new local 280 APIC timer code. Any kernel config files containing this option 281 should be updated. 282 28320050227: 284 The on-disk format of LC_CTYPE files was changed to be machine 285 independent. Please make sure NOT to use NO_CLEAN buildworld 286 when crossing this point. Crossing this point also requires 287 recompile or reinstall of all locale depended packages. 288 28920050225: 290 The ifi_epoch member of struct if_data has been changed to 291 contain the uptime at which the interface was created or the 292 statistics zeroed rather then the wall clock time because 293 wallclock time may go backwards. This should have no impact 294 unless an snmp implementation is using this value (I know of 295 none at this point.) 296 29720050224: 298 The acpi_perf and acpi_throttle drivers are now part of the 299 acpi(4) main module. They are no longer built separately. 300 30120050223: 302 The layout of struct image_params has changed. You have to 303 recompile all compatibility modules (linux, svr4, etc) for use 304 with the new kernel. 305 30620050223: 307 The p4tcc driver has been merged into cpufreq(4). This makes 308 "options CPU_ENABLE_TCC" obsolete. Please load cpufreq.ko or 309 compile in "device cpufreq" to restore this functionality. 310 31120050220: 312 The responsibility of recomputing the file system summary of 313 a SoftUpdates-enabled dirty volume has been transferred to the 314 background fsck. A rebuild of fsck(8) utility is recommended 315 if you have updated the kernel. 316 317 To get the old behavior (recompute file system summary at mount 318 time), you can set vfs.ffs.compute_summary_at_mount=1 before 319 mounting the new volume. 320 32120050206: 322 The cpufreq import is complete. As part of this, the sysctls for 323 acpi(4) throttling have been removed. The power_profile script 324 has been updated, so you can use performance/economy_cpu_freq in 325 rc.conf(5) to set AC on/offline cpu frequencies. 326 32720050206: 328 NG_VERSION has been increased. Recompiling kernel (or ng_socket.ko) 329 requires recompiling libnetgraph and userland netgraph utilities. 330 33120050114: 332 Support for abbreviated forms of a number of ipfw options is 333 now deprecated. Warnings are printed to stderr indicating the 334 correct full form when a match occurs. Some abbreviations may 335 be supported at a later date based on user feedback. To be 336 considered for support, abbreviations must be in use prior to 337 this commit and unlikely to be confused with current key words. 338 33920041221: 340 By a popular demand, a lot of NOFOO options were renamed 341 to NO_FOO (see bsd.compat.mk for a full list). The old 342 spellings are still supported, but will cause annoying 343 warnings on stderr. Make sure you upgrade properly (see 344 the COMMON ITEMS: section later in this file). 345 34620041219: 347 Auto-loading of ancillary wlan modules such as wlan_wep has 348 been temporarily disabled; you need to statically configure 349 the modules you need into your kernel or explicitly load them 350 prior to use. Specifically, if you intend to use WEP encryption 351 with an 802.11 device load/configure wlan_wep; if you want to 352 use WPA with the ath driver load/configure wlan_tkip, wlan_ccmp, 353 and wlan_xauth as required. 354 35520041213: 356 The behaviour of ppp(8) has changed slightly. If lqr is enabled 357 (``enable lqr''), older versions would revert to LCP ECHO mode on 358 negotiation failure. Now, ``enable echo'' is required for this 359 behaviour. The ppp version number has been bumped to 3.4.2 to 360 reflect the change. 361 36220041201: 363 The wlan support has been updated to split the crypto support 364 into separate modules. For static WEP you must configure the 365 wlan_wep module in your system or build and install the module 366 in place where it can be loaded (the kernel will auto-load 367 the module when a wep key is configured). 368 36920041201: 370 The ath driver has been updated to split the tx rate control 371 algorithm into a separate module. You need to include either 372 ath_rate_onoe or ath_rate_amrr when configuring the kernel. 373 37420041116: 375 Support for systems with an 80386 CPU has been removed. Please 376 use FreeBSD 5.x or earlier on systems with an 80386. 377 37820041110: 379 We have had a hack which would mount the root filesystem 380 R/W if the device were named 'md*'. As part of the vnode 381 work I'm doing I have had to remove this hack. People 382 building systems which use preloaded MD root filesystems 383 may need to insert a "/sbin/mount -u -o rw /dev/md0 /" in 384 their /etc/rc scripts. 385 38620041104: 387 FreeBSD 5.3 shipped here. 388 38920041102: 390 The size of struct tcpcb has changed again due to the removal 391 of RFC1644 T/TCP. You have to recompile userland programs that 392 read kmem for tcp sockets directly (netstat, sockstat, etc.) 393 39420041022: 395 The size of struct tcpcb has changed. You have to recompile 396 userland programs that read kmem for tcp sockets directly 397 (netstat, sockstat, etc.) 398 39920041016: 400 RELENG_5 branched here. For older entries, please see updating 401 in the RELENG_5 branch. 402 403COMMON ITEMS: 404 405 General Notes 406 ------------- 407 Avoid using make -j when upgrading. From time to time in the 408 past there have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or 409 installworld. This is especially true when upgrading between 410 "distant" versions (eg one that cross a major release boundary 411 or several minor releases, or when several months have passed 412 on the -current branch). 413 414 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment 415 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its 416 environment when searching for values for global variables. 417 To run your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", 418 prefix all make commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual 419 page for more details. 420 421 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally 422 best to upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch 423 first, then do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested 424 upgrade path, and has the highest probability of being successful. 425 Please try this approach before reporting problems with a major 426 version upgrade. 427 428 To build a kernel 429 ----------------- 430 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just 431 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most 432 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld, 433 434 make kernel-toolchain 435 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 436 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 437 438 To test a kernel once 439 --------------------- 440 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure 441 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide 442 debugging information) run 443 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel 444 nextboot -k testkernel 445 446 To just build a kernel when you know that it won't mess you up 447 -------------------------------------------------------------- 448 This assumes you are already running a 5.X system. Replace 449 ${arch} with the architecture of your machine (e.g. "i386", 450 "alpha", "amd64", "ia64", "pc98", "sparc64", etc). 451 452 cd src/sys/${arch}/conf 453 config KERNEL_NAME_HERE 454 cd ../compile/KERNEL_NAME_HERE 455 make depend 456 make 457 make install 458 459 If this fails, go to the "To build a kernel" section. 460 461 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system. 462 ----------------------------------------------------------- 463 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than 464 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current. 465 466 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 467 make buildworld 468 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 469 [1] 470 <reboot in single user> [3] 471 mergemaster -p [5] 472 make installworld 473 make delete-old 474 mergemaster [4] 475 <reboot> 476 477 478 To cross-install current onto a separate partition 479 -------------------------------------------------- 480 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold 481 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition 482 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in 483 # size. 484 485 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 486 <boot into -stable> 487 make buildworld 488 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 489 <maybe newfs current's root partition> 490 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}> 491 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 492 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd 493 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 494 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd 495 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition> 496 <reboot into current> 497 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section> 498 <maybe install compatibility libraries from src/lib/compat> 499 <reboot> 500 501 502 To upgrade in-place from 5.x-stable to current 503 ---------------------------------------------- 504 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 505 make buildworld [9] 506 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8] 507 [1] 508 <reboot in single user> [3] 509 mergemaster -p [5] 510 make installworld 511 make delete-old 512 mergemaster -i [4] 513 <reboot> 514 515 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the 516 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life 517 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own 518 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of 519 the UPDATING entries. 520 521 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to 522 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update 523 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent 524 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has 525 much fewer pitfalls. 526 527 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you 528 should disable them at this point so they don't crash your 529 system on reboot. 530 531 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do 532 fsck -p 533 mount -u / 534 mount -a 535 cd src 536 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time 537 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that 538 you boot into single user mode to do the installworld. 539 540 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step 541 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the 542 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those 543 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well 544 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists 545 for potential gotchas. 546 547 [5] Usually this step is a noop. However, from time to time 548 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following 549 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to 550 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make 551 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated 552 from current before 20020224 or from -stable before 20020408. 553 554 [8] In order to have a kernel that can run the 4.x binaries 555 needed to do an installworld, you must include the COMPAT_FREEBSD4 556 option in your kernel. Failure to do so may leave you with a system 557 that is hard to boot to recover. A similar kernel option COMPAT_FREEBSD5 558 is required to run the 5.x binaries on more recent kernels. 559 560 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the 561 last time you updated your kernel config file. 562 563 [9] When checking out sources, you must include the -P flag to have 564 cvs prune empty directories. 565 566 If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the 567 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can 568 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to. 569 570 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and 571 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will 572 warn if it is improperly defined. 573FORMAT: 574 575This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major 576breakages in tracking -current. Not all things will be listed here, 577and it only starts on October 16, 2004. Updating files can found in 578previous releases if your system is older than this. 579 580Copyright information: 581 582Copyright 1998-2005 M. Warner Losh. All Rights Reserved. 583 584Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without 585modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this 586document are permitted without further permission from the author. 587 588THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 589IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 590WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE 591DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, 592INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES 593(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR 594SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 595HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, 596STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING 597IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 598POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 599 600If you find this document useful, and you want to, you may buy the 601author a beer. 602 603Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of 604this document. 605 606$FreeBSD: head/UPDATING 161381 2006-08-17 00:41:05Z julian $ 607