UPDATING revision 154302
1Updating Information for FreeBSD current users 2 3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh 4<imp@village.org>. See end of file for further details. For commonly 5done items, please see the COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. 6 7Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in 8/usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before running 9portupgrade. 10 11NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 7.x IS SLOW: 12 FreeBSD 7.x has many debugging features turned on, in 13 both the kernel and userland. These features attempt to detect 14 incorrect use of system primitives, and encourage loud failure 15 through extra sanity checking and fail stop semantics. They 16 also substantially impact system performance. If you want to 17 do performance measurement, benchmarking, and optimization, 18 you'll want to turn them off. This includes various WITNESS- 19 related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc debugging flags 20 in userland, and various verbose features in the kernel. Many 21 developers choose to disable these features on build machines 22 to maximize performance. 23 2420060112: 25 The generic netgraph(4) cookie has been changed. If you upgrade 26 kernel passing this point, you also need to upgrade userland 27 and netgraph(4) utilities like ports/net/mpd or ports/net/mpd4. 28 2920060106: 30 The kernel ABI was mostly destroyed due to a change in the size 31 of struct lock_object which is nested in other structures such 32 as mutexes which are nested in all sorts of other structures. 33 Make sure your kernel and modules are in sync. 34 3520051231: 36 The page coloring algorithm in the VM subsystem was converted 37 from tuning with kernel options to autotuning. Please remove 38 any PQ_* option except PQ_NOOPT from your kernel config. 39 4020051211: 41 The net80211-related tools in the tools/tools/ath directory 42 have been moved to tools/tools/net80211 and renamed with a 43 "wlan" prefix. Scripts that use them should be adjusted 44 accordingly. 45 4620051202: 47 Scripts in the local_startup directories (as defined in 48 /etc/defaults/rc.conf) that have the new rc.d semantics will 49 now be run as part of the base system rcorder. If there are 50 errors or problems with one of these local scripts, it could 51 cause boot problems. If you encounter such problems, boot in 52 single user mode, remove that script from the */rc.d directory. 53 Please report the problem to the port's maintainer, and the 54 freebsd-ports@freebsd.org mailing list. 55 5620051129: 57 The nodev mount option was deprecated in RELENG_6 (where it 58 was a no-op), and is now unsupported. If you have nodev or dev listed 59 in /etc/fstab, remove it, otherwise it will result in a mount error. 60 6120051129: 62 ABI between ipfw(4) and ipfw(8) has been changed. You need 63 to rebuild ipfw(8) when rebuilding kernel. 64 6520051108: 66 rp(4)'s device files now contain the unit number. 67 Uses of {cua,tty}R[0-9a-f] should be replaced by {cua,tty}R0[0-9a-f]. 68 6920051029: 70 /etc/rc.d/ppp-user has been renamed to /etc/rc.d/ppp. 71 Its /etc/rc.conf.d configuration file has been `ppp' from 72 the beginning, and hence there is no need to touch it. 73 7420051001: 75 kern.polling.enable sysctl MIB is now deprecated. Use ifconfig(8) 76 to turn polling(4) on your interfaces. 77 7820050927: 79 The old bridge(4) implementation was retired. The new 80 if_bridge(4) serves as a full functional replacement. 81 8220050722: 83 The ai_addrlen of a struct addrinfo was changed to a socklen_t 84 to conform to POSIX-2001. This change broke an ABI 85 compatibility on 64 bit architecture. You have to recompile 86 userland programs that use getaddrinfo(3) on 64 bit 87 architecture. 88 8920050711: 90 RELENG_6 branched here. 91 9220050629: 93 The pccard_ifconfig rc.conf variable has been removed and a new 94 variable, ifconfig_DEFAULT has been introduced. Unlike 95 pccard_ifconfig, ifconfig_DEFAULT applies to ALL interfaces that 96 do not have ifconfig_ifn entries rather than just those in 97 removable_interfaces. 98 9920050616: 100 Some previous versions of PAM have permitted the use of 101 non-absolute paths in /etc/pam.conf or /etc/pam.d/* when referring 102 to third party PAM modules in /usr/local/lib. A change has been 103 made to require the use of absolute paths in order to avoid 104 ambiguity and dependence on library path configuration, which may 105 affect existing configurations. 106 10720050610: 108 Major changes to network interface API. All drivers must be 109 recompiled. Drivers not in the base system will need to be 110 updated to the new APIs. 111 11220050609: 113 Changes were made to kinfo_proc in sys/user.h. Please recompile 114 userland, or commands like `fstat', `pkill', `ps', `top' and `w' 115 will not behave correctly. 116 117 The API and ABI for hwpmc(4) have changed with the addition 118 of sampling support. Please recompile lib/libpmc(3) and 119 usr.sbin/{pmcstat,pmccontrol}. 120 12120050606: 122 The OpenBSD dhclient was imported in place of the ISC dhclient 123 and the network interface configuration scripts were updated 124 accordingly. If you use DHCP to configure your interfaces, you 125 must now run devd. Also, DNS updating was lost so you will need 126 to find a workaround if you use this feature. 127 12820050605: 129 if_bridge was added to the tree. This has changed struct ifnet. 130 Please recompile userland and all network related modules. 131 13220050603: 133 The n_net of a struct netent was changed to an uint32_t, and 134 1st argument of getnetbyaddr() was changed to an uint32_t, to 135 conform to POSIX-2001. These changes broke an ABI 136 compatibility on 64 bit architecture. With these changes, 137 shlib major of libpcap was bumped. You have to recompile 138 userland programs that use getnetbyaddr(3), getnetbyname(3), 139 getnetent(3) and/or libpcap on 64 bit architecture. 140 14120050528: 142 Kernel parsing of extra options on '#!' first lines of shell 143 scripts has changed. Lines with multiple options likely will 144 fail after this date. For full details, please see 145 http://people.freebsd.org/~gad/Updating-20050528.txt 146 14720050503: 148 The packet filter (pf) code has been updated to OpenBSD 3.7 149 Please note the changed anchor syntax and the fact that 150 authpf(8) now needs a mounted fdescfs(5) to function. 151 15220050415: 153 The NO_MIXED_MODE kernel option has been removed from the i386 154 amd64 platforms as its use has been superceded by the new local 155 APIC timer code. Any kernel config files containing this option 156 should be updated. 157 15820050227: 159 The on-disk format of LC_CTYPE files was changed to be machine 160 independent. Please make sure NOT to use NO_CLEAN buildworld 161 when crossing this point. Crossing this point also requires 162 recompile or reinstall of all locale depended packages. 163 16420050225: 165 The ifi_epoch member of struct if_data has been changed to 166 contain the uptime at which the interface was created or the 167 statistics zeroed rather then the wall clock time because 168 wallclock time may go backwards. This should have no impact 169 unless an snmp implementation is using this value (I know of 170 none at this point.) 171 17220050224: 173 The acpi_perf and acpi_throttle drivers are now part of the 174 acpi(4) main module. They are no longer built separately. 175 17620050223: 177 The layout of struct image_params has changed. You have to 178 recompile all compatibility modules (linux, svr4, etc) for use 179 with the new kernel. 180 18120050223: 182 The p4tcc driver has been merged into cpufreq(4). This makes 183 "options CPU_ENABLE_TCC" obsolete. Please load cpufreq.ko or 184 compile in "device cpufreq" to restore this functionality. 185 18620050220: 187 The responsibility of recomputing the file system summary of 188 a SoftUpdates-enabled dirty volume has been transferred to the 189 background fsck. A rebuild of fsck(8) utility is recommended 190 if you have updated the kernel. 191 192 To get the old behavior (recompute file system summary at mount 193 time), you can set vfs.ffs.compute_summary_at_mount=1 before 194 mounting the new volume. 195 19620050206: 197 The cpufreq import is complete. As part of this, the sysctls for 198 acpi(4) throttling have been removed. The power_profile script 199 has been updated, so you can use performance/economy_cpu_freq in 200 rc.conf(5) to set AC on/offline cpu frequencies. 201 20220050206: 203 NG_VERSION has been increased. Recompiling kernel (or ng_socket.ko) 204 requires recompiling libnetgraph and userland netgraph utilities. 205 20620050114: 207 Support for abbreviated forms of a number of ipfw options is 208 now deprecated. Warnings are printed to stderr indicating the 209 correct full form when a match occurs. Some abbreviations may 210 be supported at a later date based on user feedback. To be 211 considered for support, abbreviations must be in use prior to 212 this commit and unlikely to be confused with current key words. 213 21420041221: 215 By a popular demand, a lot of NOFOO options were renamed 216 to NO_FOO (see bsd.compat.mk for a full list). The old 217 spellings are still supported, but will cause annoying 218 warnings on stderr. Make sure you upgrade properly (see 219 the COMMON ITEMS: section later in this file). 220 22120041219: 222 Auto-loading of ancillary wlan modules such as wlan_wep has 223 been temporarily disabled; you need to statically configure 224 the modules you need into your kernel or explicitly load them 225 prior to use. Specifically, if you intend to use WEP encryption 226 with an 802.11 device load/configure wlan_wep; if you want to 227 use WPA with the ath driver load/configure wlan_tkip, wlan_ccmp, 228 and wlan_xauth as required. 229 23020041213: 231 The behaviour of ppp(8) has changed slightly. If lqr is enabled 232 (``enable lqr''), older versions would revert to LCP ECHO mode on 233 negotiation failure. Now, ``enable echo'' is required for this 234 behaviour. The ppp version number has been bumped to 3.4.2 to 235 reflect the change. 236 23720041201: 238 The wlan support has been updated to split the crypto support 239 into separate modules. For static WEP you must configure the 240 wlan_wep module in your system or build and install the module 241 in place where it can be loaded (the kernel will auto-load 242 the module when a wep key is configured). 243 24420041201: 245 The ath driver has been updated to split the tx rate control 246 algorithm into a separate module. You need to include either 247 ath_rate_onoe or ath_rate_amrr when configuring the kernel. 248 24920041116: 250 Support for systems with an 80386 CPU has been removed. Please 251 use FreeBSD 5.x or earlier on systems with an 80386. 252 25320041110: 254 We have had a hack which would mount the root filesystem 255 R/W if the device were named 'md*'. As part of the vnode 256 work I'm doing I have had to remove this hack. People 257 building systems which use preloaded MD root filesystems 258 may need to insert a "/sbin/mount -u -o rw /dev/md0 /" in 259 their /etc/rc scripts. 260 26120041104: 262 FreeBSD 5.3 shipped here. 263 26420041102: 265 The size of struct tcpcb has changed again due to the removal 266 of RFC1644 T/TCP. You have to recompile userland programs that 267 read kmem for tcp sockets directly (netstat, sockstat, etc.) 268 26920041022: 270 The size of struct tcpcb has changed. You have to recompile 271 userland programs that read kmem for tcp sockets directly 272 (netstat, sockstat, etc.) 273 27420041016: 275 RELENG_5 branched here. For older entries, please see updating 276 in the RELENG_5 branch. 277 278COMMON ITEMS: 279 280 General Notes 281 ------------- 282 Avoid using make -j when upgrading. From time to time in the 283 past there have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or 284 installworld. This is especially true when upgrading between 285 "distant" versions (eg one that cross a major release boundary 286 or several minor releases, or when several months have passed 287 on the -current branch). 288 289 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment 290 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its 291 environment when searching for values for global variables. 292 To run your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", 293 prefix all make commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual 294 page for more details. 295 296 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally 297 best to upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch 298 first, then do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested 299 upgrade path, and has the highest probability of being successful. 300 Please try this approach before reporting problems with a major 301 version upgrade. 302 303 To build a kernel 304 ----------------- 305 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just 306 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most 307 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld, 308 309 make kernel-toolchain 310 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 311 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 312 313 To test a kernel once 314 --------------------- 315 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure 316 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide 317 debugging information) run 318 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel 319 nextboot -k testkernel 320 321 To just build a kernel when you know that it won't mess you up 322 -------------------------------------------------------------- 323 This assumes you are already running a 5.X system. Replace 324 ${arch} with the architecture of your machine (e.g. "i386", 325 "alpha", "amd64", "ia64", "pc98", "sparc64", etc). 326 327 cd src/sys/${arch}/conf 328 config KERNEL_NAME_HERE 329 cd ../compile/KERNEL_NAME_HERE 330 make depend 331 make 332 make install 333 334 If this fails, go to the "To build a kernel" section. 335 336 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system. 337 ----------------------------------------------------------- 338 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than 339 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current. 340 341 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 342 make buildworld 343 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 344 [1] 345 <reboot in single user> [3] 346 mergemaster -p [5] 347 make installworld 348 make delete-old 349 mergemaster [4] 350 <reboot> 351 352 353 To cross-install current onto a separate partition 354 -------------------------------------------------- 355 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold 356 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition 357 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in 358 # size. 359 360 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 361 <boot into -stable> 362 make buildworld 363 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 364 <maybe newfs current's root partition> 365 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}> 366 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 367 cd src/etc; make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd 368 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 369 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd 370 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition> 371 <reboot into current> 372 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section> 373 <maybe install compatibility libraries from src/lib/compat> 374 <reboot> 375 376 377 To upgrade in-place from 5.x-stable to current 378 ---------------------------------------------- 379 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 380 make buildworld [9] 381 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8] 382 [1] 383 <reboot in single user> [3] 384 mergemaster -p [5] 385 make installworld 386 make delete-old 387 mergemaster -i [4] 388 <reboot> 389 390 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the 391 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life 392 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own 393 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of 394 the UPDATING entries. 395 396 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to 397 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update 398 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent 399 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has 400 much fewer pitfalls. 401 402 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you 403 should disable them at this point so they don't crash your 404 system on reboot. 405 406 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do 407 fsck -p 408 mount -u / 409 mount -a 410 cd src 411 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time 412 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that 413 you boot into single user mode to do the installworld. 414 415 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step 416 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the 417 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those 418 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well 419 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists 420 for potential gotchas. 421 422 [5] Usually this step is a noop. However, from time to time 423 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following 424 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to 425 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make 426 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated 427 from current before 20020224 or from -stable before 20020408. 428 429 [8] In order to have a kernel that can run the 4.x binaries 430 needed to do an installworld, you must include the COMPAT_FREEBSD4 431 option in your kernel. Failure to do so may leave you with a system 432 that is hard to boot to recover. A similar kernel option COMPAT_FREEBSD5 433 is required to run the 5.x binaries on more recent kernels. 434 435 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the 436 last time you updated your kernel config file. 437 438 [9] When checking out sources, you must include the -P flag to have 439 cvs prune empty directories. 440 441 If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the 442 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can 443 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to. 444 445 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and 446 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will 447 warn if it is improperly defined. 448FORMAT: 449 450This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major 451breakages in tracking -current. Not all things will be listed here, 452and it only starts on October 16, 2004. Updating files can found in 453previous releases if your system is older than this. 454 455Copyright information: 456 457Copyright 1998-2005 M. Warner Losh. All Rights Reserved. 458 459Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without 460modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this 461document are permitted without further permission from the author. 462 463THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 464IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 465WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE 466DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, 467INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES 468(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR 469SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 470HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, 471STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING 472IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 473POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 474 475If you find this document useful, and you want to, you may buy the 476author a beer. 477 478Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of 479this document. 480 481$FreeBSD: head/UPDATING 154302 2006-01-13 17:32:22Z glebius $ 482