UPDATING revision 153524
1Updating Information for FreeBSD current users 2 3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh 4<imp@village.org>. See end of file for further details. For commonly 5done items, please see the COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. 6 7Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in 8/usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before running 9portupgrade. 10 11NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 7.x IS SLOW: 12 FreeBSD 7.x has many debugging features turned on, in 13 both the kernel and userland. These features attempt to detect 14 incorrect use of system primitives, and encourage loud failure 15 through extra sanity checking and fail stop semantics. They 16 also substantially impact system performance. If you want to 17 do performance measurement, benchmarking, and optimization, 18 you'll want to turn them off. This includes various WITNESS- 19 related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc debugging flags 20 in userland, and various verbose features in the kernel. Many 21 developers choose to disable these features on build machines 22 to maximize performance. 23 2420051211: 25 The net80211-related tools in the tools/tools/ath directory 26 have been moved to tools/tools/net80211 and renamed with a 27 "wlan" prefix. Scripts that use them should be adjusted 28 accordingly. 29 3020051202: 31 Scripts in the local_startup directories (as defined in 32 /etc/defaults/rc.conf) that have the new rc.d semantics will 33 now be run as part of the base system rcorder. If there are 34 errors or problems with one of these local scripts, it could 35 cause boot problems. If you encounter such problems, boot in 36 single user mode, remove that script from the */rc.d directory. 37 Please report the problem to the port's maintainer, and the 38 freebsd-ports@freebsd.org mailing list. 39 4020051129: 41 The nodev mount option was deprecated in RELENG_6 (where it 42 was a no-op), and is now unsupported. If you have nodev or dev listed 43 in /etc/fstab, remove it, otherwise it will result in a mount error. 44 4520051129: 46 ABI between ipfw(4) and ipfw(8) has been changed. You need 47 to rebuild ipfw(8) when rebuilding kernel. 48 4920051108: 50 rp(4)'s device files now contain the unit number. 51 Uses of {cua,tty}R[0-9a-f] should be replaced by {cua,tty}R0[0-9a-f]. 52 5320051029: 54 /etc/rc.d/ppp-user has been renamed to /etc/rc.d/ppp. 55 Its /etc/rc.conf.d configuration file has been `ppp' from 56 the beginning, and hence there is no need to touch it. 57 5820051001: 59 kern.polling.enable sysctl MIB is now deprecated. Use ifconfig(8) 60 to turn polling(4) on your interfaces. 61 6220050927: 63 The old bridge(4) implementation was retired. The new 64 if_bridge(4) serves as a full functional replacement. 65 6620050722: 67 The ai_addrlen of a struct addrinfo was changed to a socklen_t 68 to conform to POSIX-2001. This change broke an ABI 69 compatibility on 64 bit architecture. You have to recompile 70 userland programs that use getaddrinfo(3) on 64 bit 71 architecture. 72 7320050711: 74 RELENG_6 branched here. 75 7620050629: 77 The pccard_ifconfig rc.conf variable has been removed and a new 78 variable, ifconfig_DEFAULT has been introduced. Unlike 79 pccard_ifconfig, ifconfig_DEFAULT applies to ALL interfaces that 80 do not have ifconfig_ifn entries rather than just those in 81 removable_interfaces. 82 8320050616: 84 Some previous versions of PAM have permitted the use of 85 non-absolute paths in /etc/pam.conf or /etc/pam.d/* when referring 86 to third party PAM modules in /usr/local/lib. A change has been 87 made to require the use of absolute paths in order to avoid 88 ambiguity and dependence on library path configuration, which may 89 affect existing configurations. 90 9120050610: 92 Major changes to network interface API. All drivers must be 93 recompiled. Drivers not in the base system will need to be 94 updated to the new APIs. 95 9620050609: 97 Changes were made to kinfo_proc in sys/user.h. Please recompile 98 userland, or commands like `fstat', `pkill', `ps', `top' and `w' 99 will not behave correctly. 100 101 The API and ABI for hwpmc(4) have changed with the addition 102 of sampling support. Please recompile lib/libpmc(3) and 103 usr.sbin/{pmcstat,pmccontrol}. 104 10520050606: 106 The OpenBSD dhclient was imported in place of the ISC dhclient 107 and the network interface configuration scripts were updated 108 accordingly. If you use DHCP to configure your interfaces, you 109 must now run devd. Also, DNS updating was lost so you will need 110 to find a workaround if you use this feature. 111 11220050605: 113 if_bridge was added to the tree. This has changed struct ifnet. 114 Please recompile userland and all network related modules. 115 11620050603: 117 The n_net of a struct netent was changed to an uint32_t, and 118 1st argument of getnetbyaddr() was changed to an uint32_t, to 119 conform to POSIX-2001. These changes broke an ABI 120 compatibility on 64 bit architecture. With these changes, 121 shlib major of libpcap was bumped. You have to recompile 122 userland programs that use getnetbyaddr(3), getnetbyname(3), 123 getnetent(3) and/or libpcap on 64 bit architecture. 124 12520050528: 126 Kernel parsing of extra options on '#!' first lines of shell 127 scripts has changed. Lines with multiple options likely will 128 fail after this date. For full details, please see 129 http://people.freebsd.org/~gad/Updating-20050528.txt 130 13120050503: 132 The packet filter (pf) code has been updated to OpenBSD 3.7 133 Please note the changed anchor syntax and the fact that 134 authpf(8) now needs a mounted fdescfs(5) to function. 135 13620050415: 137 The NO_MIXED_MODE kernel option has been removed from the i386 138 amd64 platforms as its use has been superceded by the new local 139 APIC timer code. Any kernel config files containing this option 140 should be updated. 141 14220050227: 143 The on-disk format of LC_CTYPE files was changed to be machine 144 independent. Please make sure NOT to use NO_CLEAN buildworld 145 when crossing this point. Crossing this point also requires 146 recompile or reinstall of all locale depended packages. 147 14820050225: 149 The ifi_epoch member of struct if_data has been changed to 150 contain the uptime at which the interface was created or the 151 statistics zeroed rather then the wall clock time because 152 wallclock time may go backwards. This should have no impact 153 unless an snmp implementation is using this value (I know of 154 none at this point.) 155 15620050224: 157 The acpi_perf and acpi_throttle drivers are now part of the 158 acpi(4) main module. They are no longer built separately. 159 16020050223: 161 The layout of struct image_params has changed. You have to 162 recompile all compatibility modules (linux, svr4, etc) for use 163 with the new kernel. 164 16520050223: 166 The p4tcc driver has been merged into cpufreq(4). This makes 167 "options CPU_ENABLE_TCC" obsolete. Please load cpufreq.ko or 168 compile in "device cpufreq" to restore this functionality. 169 17020050220: 171 The responsibility of recomputing the file system summary of 172 a SoftUpdates-enabled dirty volume has been transferred to the 173 background fsck. A rebuild of fsck(8) utility is recommended 174 if you have updated the kernel. 175 176 To get the old behavior (recompute file system summary at mount 177 time), you can set vfs.ffs.compute_summary_at_mount=1 before 178 mounting the new volume. 179 18020050206: 181 The cpufreq import is complete. As part of this, the sysctls for 182 acpi(4) throttling have been removed. The power_profile script 183 has been updated, so you can use performance/economy_cpu_freq in 184 rc.conf(5) to set AC on/offline cpu frequencies. 185 18620050206: 187 NG_VERSION has been increased. Recompiling kernel (or ng_socket.ko) 188 requires recompiling libnetgraph and userland netgraph utilities. 189 19020050114: 191 Support for abbreviated forms of a number of ipfw options is 192 now deprecated. Warnings are printed to stderr indicating the 193 correct full form when a match occurs. Some abbreviations may 194 be supported at a later date based on user feedback. To be 195 considered for support, abbreviations must be in use prior to 196 this commit and unlikely to be confused with current key words. 197 19820041221: 199 By a popular demand, a lot of NOFOO options were renamed 200 to NO_FOO (see bsd.compat.mk for a full list). The old 201 spellings are still supported, but will cause annoying 202 warnings on stderr. Make sure you upgrade properly (see 203 the COMMON ITEMS: section later in this file). 204 20520041219: 206 Auto-loading of ancillary wlan modules such as wlan_wep has 207 been temporarily disabled; you need to statically configure 208 the modules you need into your kernel or explicitly load them 209 prior to use. Specifically, if you intend to use WEP encryption 210 with an 802.11 device load/configure wlan_wep; if you want to 211 use WPA with the ath driver load/configure wlan_tkip, wlan_ccmp, 212 and wlan_xauth as required. 213 21420041213: 215 The behaviour of ppp(8) has changed slightly. If lqr is enabled 216 (``enable lqr''), older versions would revert to LCP ECHO mode on 217 negotiation failure. Now, ``enable echo'' is required for this 218 behaviour. The ppp version number has been bumped to 3.4.2 to 219 reflect the change. 220 22120041201: 222 The wlan support has been updated to split the crypto support 223 into separate modules. For static WEP you must configure the 224 wlan_wep module in your system or build and install the module 225 in place where it can be loaded (the kernel will auto-load 226 the module when a wep key is configured). 227 22820041201: 229 The ath driver has been updated to split the tx rate control 230 algorithm into a separate module. You need to include either 231 ath_rate_onoe or ath_rate_amrr when configuring the kernel. 232 23320041116: 234 Support for systems with an 80386 CPU has been removed. Please 235 use FreeBSD 5.x or earlier on systems with an 80386. 236 23720041110: 238 We have had a hack which would mount the root filesystem 239 R/W if the device were named 'md*'. As part of the vnode 240 work I'm doing I have had to remove this hack. People 241 building systems which use preloaded MD root filesystems 242 may need to insert a "/sbin/mount -u -o rw /dev/md0 /" in 243 their /etc/rc scripts. 244 24520041104: 246 FreeBSD 5.3 shipped here. 247 24820041102: 249 The size of struct tcpcb has changed again due to the removal 250 of RFC1644 T/TCP. You have to recompile userland programs that 251 read kmem for tcp sockets directly (netstat, sockstat, etc.) 252 25320041022: 254 The size of struct tcpcb has changed. You have to recompile 255 userland programs that read kmem for tcp sockets directly 256 (netstat, sockstat, etc.) 257 25820041016: 259 RELENG_5 branched here. For older entries, please see updating 260 in the RELENG_5 branch. 261 262COMMON ITEMS: 263 264 General Notes 265 ------------- 266 Avoid using make -j when upgrading. From time to time in the 267 past there have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or 268 installworld. This is especially true when upgrading between 269 "distant" versions (eg one that cross a major release boundary 270 or several minor releases, or when several months have passed 271 on the -current branch). 272 273 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment 274 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its 275 environment when searching for values for global variables. 276 To run your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", 277 prefix all make commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual 278 page for more details. 279 280 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally 281 best to upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch 282 first, then do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested 283 upgrade path, and has the highest probability of being successful. 284 Please try this approach before reporting problems with a major 285 version upgrade. 286 287 To build a kernel 288 ----------------- 289 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just 290 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most 291 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld, 292 293 make kernel-toolchain 294 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 295 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 296 297 To test a kernel once 298 --------------------- 299 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure 300 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide 301 debugging information) run 302 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel 303 nextboot -k testkernel 304 305 To just build a kernel when you know that it won't mess you up 306 -------------------------------------------------------------- 307 This assumes you are already running a 5.X system. Replace 308 ${arch} with the architecture of your machine (e.g. "i386", 309 "alpha", "amd64", "ia64", "pc98", "sparc64", etc). 310 311 cd src/sys/${arch}/conf 312 config KERNEL_NAME_HERE 313 cd ../compile/KERNEL_NAME_HERE 314 make depend 315 make 316 make install 317 318 If this fails, go to the "To build a kernel" section. 319 320 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system. 321 ----------------------------------------------------------- 322 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than 323 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current. 324 325 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 326 make buildworld 327 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 328 [1] 329 <reboot in single user> [3] 330 mergemaster -p [5] 331 make installworld 332 make delete-old 333 mergemaster [4] 334 <reboot> 335 336 337 To cross-install current onto a separate partition 338 -------------------------------------------------- 339 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold 340 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition 341 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in 342 # size. 343 344 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 345 <boot into -stable> 346 make buildworld 347 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 348 <maybe newfs current's root partition> 349 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}> 350 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 351 cd src/etc; make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd 352 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 353 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd 354 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition> 355 <reboot into current> 356 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section> 357 <maybe install compatibility libraries from src/lib/compat> 358 <reboot> 359 360 361 To upgrade in-place from 5.x-stable to current 362 ---------------------------------------------- 363 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 364 make buildworld [9] 365 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8] 366 [1] 367 <reboot in single user> [3] 368 mergemaster -p [5] 369 make installworld 370 make delete-old 371 mergemaster -i [4] 372 <reboot> 373 374 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the 375 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life 376 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own 377 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of 378 the UPDATING entries. 379 380 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to 381 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update 382 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent 383 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has 384 much fewer pitfalls. 385 386 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you 387 should disable them at this point so they don't crash your 388 system on reboot. 389 390 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do 391 fsck -p 392 mount -u / 393 mount -a 394 cd src 395 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time 396 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that 397 you boot into single user mode to do the installworld. 398 399 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step 400 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the 401 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those 402 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well 403 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists 404 for potential gotchas. 405 406 [5] Usually this step is a noop. However, from time to time 407 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following 408 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to 409 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make 410 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated 411 from current before 20020224 or from -stable before 20020408. 412 413 [8] In order to have a kernel that can run the 4.x binaries 414 needed to do an installworld, you must include the COMPAT_FREEBSD4 415 option in your kernel. Failure to do so may leave you with a system 416 that is hard to boot to recover. A similar kernel option COMPAT_FREEBSD5 417 is required to run the 5.x binaries on more recent kernels. 418 419 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the 420 last time you updated your kernel config file. 421 422 [9] When checking out sources, you must include the -P flag to have 423 cvs prune empty directories. 424 425 If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the 426 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can 427 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to. 428 429 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and 430 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will 431 warn if it is improperly defined. 432FORMAT: 433 434This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major 435breakages in tracking -current. Not all things will be listed here, 436and it only starts on October 16, 2004. Updating files can found in 437previous releases if your system is older than this. 438 439Copyright information: 440 441Copyright 1998-2005 M. Warner Losh. All Rights Reserved. 442 443Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without 444modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this 445document are permitted without further permission from the author. 446 447THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 448IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 449WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE 450DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, 451INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES 452(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR 453SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 454HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, 455STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING 456IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 457POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 458 459If you find this document useful, and you want to, you may buy the 460author a beer. 461 462Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of 463this document. 464 465$FreeBSD: head/UPDATING 153524 2005-12-19 03:15:49Z obrien $ 466