UPDATING revision 116193
1Updating Information for FreeBSD current users 2 3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh 4<imp@village.org>. See end of file for further details. For commonly 5done items, please see the COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. 6 7NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT 5.0-CURRENT IS SLOW: 8 FreeBSD 5.0-CURRENT has many debugging features turned on, in 9 both the kernel and userland. These features attempt to detect 10 incorrect use of system primitives, and encourage loud failure 11 through extra sanity checking and fail stop semantics. They 12 also substantially impact system performance. If you want to 13 do performance measurement, benchmarking, and optimization, 14 you'll want to turn them off. This includes various WITNESS- 15 related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc debugging flags 16 in userland, and various verbose features in the kernel. Many 17 developers choose to disable these features on build machines 18 to maximize performance. 19 2020030610: 21 Remove deprecated locale names and transition period code 22 for them, finishing switching to the new scheme. Check your 23 LANG environment variable. 24 2520030609: 26 CCD has been changed to be a fully GEOMified class. Kernel 27 and ccdconfig(8) needs to be in sync, this is particularly 28 important to remember beforehand if your source tree is on 29 a ccd device. Consider making a copy of the old ccdconfig 30 into /boot/kernel.good or wherever you keep your backup 31 kernel. 32 3320030505: 34 Kerberos 5 (Heimdal) is now built by default. Setting 35 MAKE_KERBEROS5 no longer has any effect. If you do NOT 36 want the "base" Kerberos 5, you need to set NO_KERBEROS. 37 3820030502: 39 groff has been updated. If you try to do a buildworld and 40 get an infinite loop in troff, update to May 4th or newer. If you 41 have a newer kernel than userland, you may need to set the OSRELDATE 42 to 500110 in your environment before starting a buildworld. 43 4420030501: 45 The old rc system has been removed. Please report any problems 46 to freebsd-rc@yahoogroups.com, and/or freebsd-current@freebsd.org. 47 Your personal versions of these files will not be removed, so you can 48 continue to use them. However, you should take great care when updating, 49 especially when using mergemaster, since the compatibility code that 50 utilizes these old scripts has also been removed. 51 5220030423: 53 A bug has been fixed in /dev/devctl which would cause devd 54 to hang on boot, were it not for a workaround in devd. The 55 work around in devd will be removed around 20030507. You 56 have until then to upgrade your kernel before updating 57 userland. In general, you should have a userland and 58 kernel that's in sync with each other. However, given the 59 effects of this bug (hang on boot when starting devd), some 60 allowances are made. 61 6220030329: 63 Alphas with libc from between 20030312 and 20030329 exhibit 64 floating point exceptions (FPEs), most notably in awk(1) 65 while upgrading the system through a buildworld. 66 67 So, to successfully upgrade your Alpha, you must either 68 downgrade your libc.so to a pre-20030312 version, or update 69 /usr/share/mk/bsd.cpu.mk to revision 1.26 which adds -mieee 70 to CFLAGS, then forcibly rebuild and install libc: 71 72 cd /usr/src/lib/libc && \ 73 make cleandir && make obj && \ 74 make -DNOMAN -DNOPROFILE all && \ 75 make -DNOMAN -DNOPROFILE install 76 7720030208: 78 sendmail 8.12.7 has been imported. It has one important 79 change for IPv6 users. The default submit.mc now uses 80 '[127.0.0.1]' instead of 'localhost' meaning only IPv4 is 81 used to connect to the MTA. Users on IPv6-only machines 82 will need to edit /etc/mail/submit.mc appropriately. 83 8420030128: 85 NODEVFS option has been removed and DEVFS thereby made standard. 86 This makes all references to MAKEDEV obsolete, and they should 87 be removed when convenient. 88 8920030126: 90 The name of the device for the ofw console has changed, sparc64 users 91 must run mergemaster to update their installed /etc/ttys. 92 9320030125: 94 The scheduler framework has grown a second scheduler and consequently 95 you must specify one and only one scheduler in your kernel config. 96 The cvs config files have been updated to use the old scheduler 97 which may be selected via 'options SCHED_4BSD'. If you would like 98 to try the new, much more experimental, scheduler please try 99 'options SCHED_ULE' and contribute to the arch@ discussion. 100 10120030115: 102 A new version of the wi driver has been imported into the tree. 103 One now must have device wlan in the config file for it to operate 104 properly. 105 106 In addition, there have been some changes to how wi devices are 107 configured for point to point links to bring it more in line 108 with the former way of doing things, as well as compatibility 109 with NetBSD. 110 11120021222: 112 For a period after the GCC 3.2.1 import (from 12/04 to 12/22), GCC 113 used an incompatible form of ABI for returning structures and unions 114 which FreeBSD's GCC maintainers were not aware of relative to previous 115 versions of FreeBSD. We have gone back to the ABI for now, and any 116 code compiled which is required to interoperate with other code (not 117 built at the same time) returning structs or unions should be 118 rebuilt. 119 12020021216: 121 A name change in /etc/netconfig has been reverted to stay 122 compatible with suns TIRPC and also with NetBSD. You need 123 to run mergemaster after make world. A new libc does still work 124 with an outdated /etc/netconfig for some time, but you'll get 125 a warning. This warning will be removed in 20030301. 126 12720021202: 128 The recent binutils upgrade marks a kernel flag day on 129 sparc64: modules built with the old binutils will not work 130 with new kernels and vice versa. Mismatches will result in 131 panics. Make sure your kernel and modules are in sync. 132 13320021029: 134 The value of IPPROTO_DIVERT has changed. Make sure to keep 135 your kernel, netstat, natd and any third-party DIVERT 136 consumers in sync. 137 13820021024: 139 Old, compatibility slices have been removed in GEOM kernels. 140 This means that you will have to update your /etc/fstab to 141 not use disk devices of the form /dev/ad0a. Instead, you 142 now must specify /dev/ad0s1a, or whatever slice your FreeBSD 143 partition really is on. The old device names have gone 144 away, so if you use them anywhere else, you must also adjust 145 those uses. (This doesn't affect the disks formatted in 146 the ``dangerously-dedicated'' mode.) 147 14820021023: 149 Alphas with kernels from between 20020830 and 20021023 and/or 150 rtld (ld-elf.so.1) older than 20021023 may experience problems 151 with groff while doing a buildworld (kernel: "out of memory", 152 fixed in rev 1.129 of kern/imgact_elf.c; rtld: "too few PT_LOAD 153 segments", fixed in rev 1.8 of libexec/rtld-elf/map_object.c). 154 155 So, to successfully upgrade your Alpha, you must either 156 upgrade your kernel and rtld first (which might be a bit 157 tricky), or avoid running the bootstrapped groff during the 158 "transitional" buildworld. To avoid running groff during the 159 transitional upgrade run make buildworld with -DNOMAN, 160 -DNO_SHAREDOCS, and -DNO_LPR. 161 16220020831: 163 gcc has been upgraded to 3.2. It is not all binary compatible 164 with earlier versions of gcc for c++ programs. All c++ 165 programs and libraries need to be recompiled. 166 167 Also, if you encounter g++ issues, rm /usr/include/g++/* before 168 doing an installworld to make sure that stale files are removed. 169 17020020827: 171 Our /etc/termcap now has all the entries from the XFree86 xterm 172 almost unchanged. This means xterm now supports color by default. 173 If you used TERM=xterm-color in the past you now should use 174 TERM=xterm. (xterm-color will lead to benign warnings). 175 17620020815: 177 A "bug" in gcc(1) that was hiding warning in system headers was 178 fixed. It's probably time to add -DNO_WERROR to your make line 179 again. 180 18120020729: 182 COPY is being deprecated. The 20010530 change was reverted, as 183 it causes far more pain than was expected, and to always compare 184 before installing, please use INSTALL="install -C" again. The 185 -C option is now silently ignored when used with the -d option. 186 18720020702: 188 Problems with libc_r clients like KDE and GNOME have been resolved. 189 There are still some minor problems with some signals but the 190 system is stable enough for general use again. SMP is less so than UP 191 but each can successfully complete multiple buildworlds. 192 Libkvm needs to be recompiled due to KSE. 193 19420020701: 195 Now would be a bad time to upgrade. Something in or near the 196 KSE commit totally broke programs using libc_r like KDE and 197 GNOME. 198 19920020511: 200 The k5su utility installed as part of Kerberos 5 is no longer 201 installed with the set-user-ID bit set by default. Add 202 ENABLE_SUID_K5SU=yes to /etc/make.conf to have it installed 203 with the set-user-ID bit set. 204 20520020510: 206 Gcc 3.1 debugging format (cc -g) has changed from STABS to DWARF2. 207 Unfortunately our native GDB (at version 4.18) does not understand 208 the DWARF2 debugging format. Thus you must use `gcc -gstabs+' to 209 generated debugging information for our native GDB. 210 21120020510: 212 Due to the way CVS works, it may not properly update src/contrib/gcc 213 to the 3.1 sources. The easiest fix is to `rm -rf' src/contrib/gcc 214 and then do a cvs update. 215 21620020421: 217 When exec'ing set[ug]id executables, the kernel now ensures that the 218 stdio file descriptors (0..2) are open. See FreeBSD-SA-02:23.stdio. 219 22020020404: 221 New sendmail startup scripts have been installed to make it 222 easier to use alternative MTAs with FreeBSD. Setting the rc.conf 223 variable sendmail_enable to "NO" no longer prevents any sendmail 224 daemons from starting. Instead, either set sendmail_enable to 225 "NONE" or change mta_start_script to a script for starting 226 an alternative MTA. Setting mta_start_script to "" will 227 also prevent any MTA from being started at boot. 228 22920020403: 230 UCONSOLE is no longer a valid kernel option. 231 23220020315: 233 FreeBSD 5.0 DP-1 was basically branched today. 234 23520020225: 236 Warnings are now errors in the kernel. Unless you are a developer, 237 you should add -DNO_WERROR to your make line. 238 23920020217: 240 sendmail 8.12.2 has been imported. The sendmail binary is no 241 longer a set-user-ID root binary and the infrastructure to support 242 command line mail submission has changed. Be sure to run 243 mergemaster (especially for updating /etc/rc, /etc/defaults/rc.conf, 244 and /etc/mail) and read /etc/mail/README for more details. 245 246 Due to the import of sendmail 8.12.2, a new user and group are 247 required in order for sendmail to run as a set-group-ID 248 binary. A 'make installworld' will use the new user and group 249 to set the owner and group of /var/spool/clientmqueue and will 250 fail if the new user and group do not exist. The 'smmsp' user 251 and group must be merged from src/etc/group and 252 src/etc/master.passwd before using 'make installworld'. 253 'mergemaster -p' will do this. You may need to install 254 mergemaster before this will work if you are updating from a 255 very old version of current. The updating recipe has changed 256 as of this date. 257 25820020112: 259 The preferred configuration method for PAM is now /etc/pam.d/ 260 rather than /etc/pam.conf. If you have an unmodified 261 pam.conf, just delete it after your next mergemaster run. If 262 you have local modifications, you can use 263 /usr/src/etc/pam.d/convert.pl to incorporate them into your 264 /etc/pam.d. 265 266 Please see the following url for more details: 267http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/mid.cgi?db=mid&id=<xzp6667fyoa.fsf@flood.ping.uio.no> 26820011229: 269 If anyone here is already using the new rc.conf(5) variable 270 networkfs_types, please note that it has changed 271http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/mid.cgi?db=mid&id=<9744.1009655556@axl.seasidesoftware.co.za> 272 27320011220: 274 sys/i4b/driver/i4b_ispppsubr.c has been retired. This file 275 started out its life in the ISDN4BSD project as an offspring 276 from sys/net/if_spppsubr.c, which eventually got a life of its 277 own. All the accumulated features and bugfixes of the i4b 278 version have now been merged back into the base system's 279 version now. The only user-visible change resulting from this 280 is that i4b's sppp(4) interfaces are to be managed with 281 spppcontrol(8) again, since ispppcontrol(8) has been retired 282 as well. (There has never been rc file support for 283 ispppcontrol in -current, but only in -stable. That will be 284 reverted by the time the changes are MFCed.) 285 28620011215: 287 The fdc(4) driver has been updated and now automatically 288 recognizes media in `standard' formats (like 1440 KB and 289 720 KB for a 3.5" high-density drive) when accessing the 290 default device node (e. g. /dev/fd0). The old variety of 291 floppy device nodes /dev/fd*.* is no longer present by 292 default, devices can be created (in DEVFS) on demand. They 293 will need to be customized then for `odd' densities using 294 fdcontrol(8). 295 29620011209: 297 The bugs in procfs' debugging support code have been fixed, 298 and truss(1) now works again. 299 30020011207: 301 Daily security checks have been split out to use the periodic(8) 302 scripts. Some change in configuration may be necessary. Please 303 see 304http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/mid.cgi?db=mid&id=<20011207155805.R8975@blossom.cjclark.org> 305 for details. 306 30720011204: 308 sos added VCD/SVCD support to ata driver and that needs the 309 kernel and burncd to be in sync. 310 31120011203: 312 The procfs pseudo-filesystem has now been converted to use the 313 pseudofs framework. If you have 'options PROCFS' in your 314 kernel config, you'll need to add 'options PSEUDOFS' if it's 315 not there already. 316 317 This change temporarily breaks truss(1); use ktrace(1) instead 318 until the issue has been resolved. 319 32020011202: 321 A security hole in OpenSSH involving `UseLogin yes' has been 322 patched. 323 32420011126: 325 You need to remove /usr/obj/.../usr.bin/tip before rebuilding 326 after this date. You need to do this only once. 327 32820011103: 329 Most of the awk issues have been resolved. Some rough 330 edges may be left, but for the most part things should be 331 back to "normal." For CURRENT's usual definition of "normal." 332 33320011030: 334 Awk has been upgraded to the one true awk from bell labs. Expect 335 choppy waves in the upgrade process. 336 33720011030: 338 The asr driver problem has been resolved. 339 34020011027: 341 Due to changes in other parts of the system, the asr driver 342 now causes the system to panic on boot. Do not use it pending 343 correction. Comment it out of any kernel config file that you 344 try to use from this date forward. 345 34620011025: 347 When crossbuilding, use TARGET=xxx where you used to use 348 MACHINE=xxx. You don't need to set TARGET_ARCH and TARGET, 349 unless you are changing both of them. To cross build pc98 on 350 an alpha, for example, you need to set TARGET=pc98 and 351 TARGET_ARCH=i386. 352 35320011001: 354 The kernel interface that burncd depends on has changed. 355 You must recompile both the kernel and userland applications 356 at the same time. 357 35820010929: 359 When crossbuilding, please set TARGET_ARCH rather than 360 MACHINE_ARCH to indicate the target. In the future, one will 361 set TARGET_MACHINE where you set MACHINE now. At the moment, 362 setting MACHINE alone for same MACHINE_ARCH machines works 363 (eg, you can build pc98 on an i386 machine and vice versa). 364 36520010927: 366 Some weird problems result from using ACPI on some machines. 367 To disable ACPI you can add 368 hint.acpi.0.disabled="1" 369 to /boot/loader.conf (or by putting set X=Y at the boot 370 loader "ok" prompt). 371 372 Alternatively, you can remove it from /boot/kernel/acpi.ko 373 or use the MODULES_OVERRIDE function in your kernel config 374 file and not list acpi in that list. 375 37620010924: 377 The buildworld has been fixed. You may need to install 378 the 4.x compatibility libraries for some old binaries 379 to work. Add COMPAT4X=true to your /etc/make.conf to 380 get them installed on every installworld, or execute the 381 following to get them installed only once: 382 cd src/lib/compat/compat4x.<arch> 383 make all install 384 You will see ``__stdoutp undefined'' until you do this. 385 38620010919: 387 There's a bug in the world build process. The cross-tools 388 are build with the NEW headers, but the OLD libc.a. This 389 leads to all kinds of problems with the new libc. A temporary 390 workaround is to add 391 CFLAGS="-O -pipe -D_OLD_STDIO" 392 before building world when upgrading from 4.x to current. This 393 can be removed afterwards. 394 395 A proper fix to the buildworld target is needed. 396 39720010918: 398 Peter has committed his new kthread nfs client/server code. 399 NFS may be unstable after this date. 400 40120010912: 402 KSE has hit the tree. Lots of things are now different in 403 the kernel. While a few problems were introduced in the 404 initial commit, most of the major ones have been found and 405 corrected. 406 40720010901: 408 In OLDCARD, CardBus bridges appear to be stable. The work 409 arounds described in the 20010604 entry are now no longer 410 necessary and will be ignored. Most insert/remove problems 411 have been rectified around this date. 412 41320010823: 414 named now runs as user bind and group bind rather than as 415 root. If named_enable is set to YES in /etc/rc.conf, ensure 416 that user bind is available in /etc/passwd (using vipw(8)) 417 and that group bind is available in /etc/group. Also make 418 sure that user or group bind has read (and not write) 419 permission for your name server configuration and that it 420 has read and write permission for your slave zone files and 421 directory. 422 423 If you wish to continue to run named as root (a less secure 424 alternative), add a line to /etc/rc.conf saying 425 426 named_flags= 427 42820010709: 429 The PAM libraries have had an API upgrade that is beyond 430 the ability of the shared library major number to handle. 431 It is manifested by PAM-using ports dumping core. The 432 solution is to rebuild those ports. 433 43420010628: 435 The kernel compile module has moved from src/sys/compile/FOO 436 to src/sys/${MACHINE}/compile/FOO. 437 43820010625: 439 The pccard modem issue from 20010613 has been corrected. 440 OLDCARD support is still a little weak in -current. slot 1 is 441 known not to work on some TI based cardbus bridges. Some 442 cardbus bridges do not properly detect insert/removal events. 443 IRQ configuration needs more safety belts. 444 44520010617: 446 Softupdates problems have been corrected. 447 44820010614: 449 Peter ripped out the linkerset support. You must, as always, 450 rerun config after you cvsup if you are using the traditional 451 kernel building methods. 452 45320010613: 454 pccard modems may not work with current after 20010604 date. Some 455 do, others result in panics. *MAKE*SURE* that you update your 456 config and /etc/rc.conf ala the 20010604 entry, or you will have 457 problems (this issue will be fixed, it just hasn't been yet). 458 45920010613: 460 SOFTUPDATES seem to be broken since the middle of May or so. Do not 461 use them in current. You can disable softupdates on all mounted 462 partitions, or remove SOFTUPDATES the kernel config file. 463 46420010612: 465 After Peter's commits to the hints code, people have been noticing 466 that certain devices are attached (or try to) twice. This is due 467 to having both static hints as well as a /boot/device.hints. To 468 work around this issue, please use only one or the other mechanism 469 until this bug is fixed. 470 471 Please note that a feature of config is that if you have config 472 file FOO and FOO.hints, it automatically adds FOO.hints to the 473 hints.c file, whether you want it to or not. 474 47520010610: 476 Locale names have changed to match other systems better. 477 47820010604: 479 pccard support for pci cards has been committed. You must change 480 your /etc/pccard.conf irq lines. It must match the irq used by 481 pcic device. Interrupt storms may result if you fail to do this. 482 Interrupt storms look a lot like a hang. 483 484 You must also install a new pccardd, otherwise you will get an 485 interrupt storm at card reset time (just after it tells you what 486 it is). 487 488 pccardd_flags="-I" is necessary for the time being. It tells pccardd 489 not to ask the kernel if the interrupt is really free or not before 490 using it. You can either change the /etc/pccard.conf irq lines to 491 match pcic, or add "-i X" to the pccardd_flags. 492 49320010530: 494 INSTALL=install -C is being deprecated. If you want to do this, 495 use COPY=-C instead. The former method will be supported for only 496 a limited time. If you see 497 498install: warning: the -d and -C options may not be specified together 499 500 in your makeworld, then you need to migrate towards using 501 COPY=-C. 502 50320010525: 504 It appears that vm is now stable enough to use again. However, 505 there may be other problems, so caution is still urged. alpha 506 definitely is in bad shape. 507 50820010521: 509 Minor repo damage has happened. This may cause problems 510 with cvsup of ports. If you get errors, please see 511 http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/query-pr.cgi?pr=27495 512 at the bottom for details on a workaround. The error message 513 is 514Updater failed: Cannot delete "/usr/ports/www/jakarta-tomcat/files": Directory not empty 515 51620010520: 517 Vm and/or swapping are busted on -current. Please be patient. 518 51920010519: 520 pccard has had much reorganizational work done to it over 521 the past few days. Everything should still work, but if 522 not, please contact imp@freebsd.org. 523 52420010517: 525 ata ioctl changed. Make sure to recompile both kernel and 526 userland at the same time. 527 52820010517: 529 New ncurses imported. 530 53120010512: 532 DEVFS is now opt out, not opt in. Barring major problems, this 533 will be the only way to go starting July 1. 534 53520010504: 536 OpenSSH has been updated to 2.9. Some defaults are different, 537 including RhostsRSAAuthentication, which changes from yes to no. 538 53920010502: 540 Perl breakage in 20010501 was corrected at 14:18:33 PDT. 541 54220010501: 543 Building perl was broken at 02:25:25 PDT. 544 54520010430: 546 The bug in 20010429 was corrected at 07:35:37 PDT. It is safe to 547 go back in the water. 548 54920010429: 550 A bad bug was committed at 04:48:42 PDT. Don't use kernels after 551 this date, but before the correction date. 552 55320010423: 554 old fsck and new kernel interactions appear to have been fixed. 555 55620010411: 557 fsck and the kernel were changed to handle some optimizations 558 to directory layout. This breaks backward compatibility. 559 Update only if you understand that you must not use the old 560 fsck with the new kernel ever. 561 56220010330: 563 fsck has changed the meaning of the pass column in /etc/fstab. 564 Please see the cvs commit to fsck.8 or the fsck.8 man page for 565 details. It is unclear if changes to /etc/fstab are necessary. 566 56720010319: 568 portmap had changed name to rpcbind for maximum POLA in your 569 current world. /etc/hosts.{allow,deny} needs changes. nfs and 570 other rpc based programs that rely on portmapper will not work 571 without updates to /etc/hosts.{allow,deny} and /etc/netconfig. 572 57320010315: 574 ata subsystem changes. ATA_ENABLE_ATAPI_DMA, ATA_ENABLE_WC 575 and ATA_ENABLE_TAGS are no longer kernel options. They have 576 been replaced by tunables. See ata.4 for details. 577 57820010312: 579 The fxp driver was converted to use miibus. If you compile 580 fxp into your kernel statically, you will need to add miibus. 581 58220010312: 583 The wi device now defaults to BSS (infrastructure) mode 584 instead of ad-hoc. 585 58620010310: 587 /dev/urandom should be a symbolic link to /dev/random now. 588 Users of current not using DEVFS need to run MAKEDEV std. 589 ssh might not work if you don't. 590 59120010303: 592 The ed driver has been updated. It now allows mii attachments, 593 which means that you must include the miibus in your kernel if 594 you use the ed driver. 595 59620010220: 597 The problems with libc have been corrected. It is now mostly 598 safe to go back into the water. 599 60020010211: 601 The size of FILE was changed. This breaks upgrading. If 602 you must upgrade, be prepared for pain. It also breaks almost 603 all binaries that you've compiled on -current. You are warned 604 that before upgrading would be a good time to do a level 0 605 dump of your system. No, really, I mean it this time. 606 607 To get to the new system, you'll need to use the following 608 workaround. Hopefully this can be sorted out so that we 609 don't have to move this to the updating section. 610 611 To get around the installworld problem, do: 612 # cd /usr/src/usr.bin/sed 613 # make install 614 # cd /usr/src 615 # make installworld 616 If that doesn't work, then try: 617 # make -k installworld 618 # make installworld 619 62020010207: 621 DEVFS is now the default. If you use vinum, make sure that you 622 do not include devfs in your kernel as problems result. 623 62420010205: 625 FFS_ROOT and CD9660_ROOT have been removed or deprecated. 626 Remove them from your config. 627 62820010122: 629 ****************************** WARNING ****************************** 630 buildkernel has been changed slightly 631 ****************************** WARNING ****************************** 632 KERNCONF replaces the variable KERNEL for buildkernel. You 633 should update your scripts and make.conf accordingly. 634 63520010119: 636 config has changed to allow DEV_FOO as a replacement for NFOO. 637 This requires a new config to build correctly. 638 63920010116: 640 The kernel option I386_CPU is now mutually exclusive with the 641 other cpu types. If you have an i386 system, be sure that it 642 only had this line. Remove it for all other configurations. 643 64420010110: 645 Changes to the kernel require it and burncd be in sync. 646 64720010102: 648 Everyone who has hw.sndunit set to something in 649 /etc/sysctl.conf, it is now hw.snd.unit. 650 65120010101: 652 ex and vi were broken by some changes to sys/queue.h. If you 653 have a bad vi, you will see make buildworld fail with a core 654 dump while building termcap. You can work around this problem 655 by adding -k to your make buildworld. This will cause the 656 build to complete and install a new vi. Once that's done, you 657 can rebuild again without the -k to pick up anything that 658 might have been ignored by the -k option. 659 660 Others have suggested that you can just rebuild libc if your 661 vi/ex is dynamically linked, but I've not received any reports 662 of this working. 663 66420001228: 665 There have been some changes to libcrypt in -current. The 666 libscrypt/libdescrypt symlink silliness is gone and the installed 667 libcrypt is fully functional. Be aware of this. 668 66920001218: 670 Linksys Fast Ethernet PCCARD cards supported by the ed driver 671 now require the addition of flag 0x80000 to their config line 672 in pccard.conf(5). This flag is not optional. These Linksys 673 cards will not be recognized without it. 674 67520001205: 676 Important new FreeBSD-version stuff: PAM support has been worked 677 in, partially from the "Unix" OpenSSH version. This requires 678 adding the following in pam.conf: 679 680 sshd auth sufficient pam_skey.so 681 sshd auth required pam_unix.so try_first_pass 682 sshd session required pam_permit.so 683 68420001031: 685 cvs updated to 1.11. 686 68720001020: 688 The random device needs more entropy, so you need to make sure 689 that you've run mergemaster to get a /etc/rc which will seed 690 /dev/random. If you don't and the system hangs after ldconfig, 691 then banging on the keyboard randomly until it unhangs is one 692 workaround. 693 69420001010: 695 ****************************** WARNING ****************************** 696 Sendmail has been updated. 697 ****************************** WARNING ****************************** 698 o mail.local(8) is no longer installed as a set-user-id binary. 699 o sendmail(8) is now built with STARTTLS support unless NO_OPENSSL 700 is set. 701 o The default /etc/mail/sendmail.cf disables the SMTP EXPN and VRFY 702 commands. 703 o Now using sendmail's version of vacation(1). 704 o The sendmail cf building tools (contrib/sendmail/cf) are installed 705 in /usr/share/sendmail/cf. 706 o sendmail.cw changed to local-host-names 707 708 More details can be found at 709 http://people.freebsd.org/~imp/UPDATING/sendmail-20001010 710 71120001009: 712 The ports tree's new layout is in place. Be sure to update 713 your entire ports tree, or you will have problems. 714 71520001006: 716 The perl build procedure no longer installs miniperl, nor uses 717 the installed miniperl. It is recommended that you delete 718 /usr/bin/miniperl. 719 72020001005: 721 This weekend the ports tree will be updated to a new layout. 722 It will be in an inconsistent state until noted in the UPDATING 723 file, or with asami-san's message to the relevant mailing 724 lists. With this new layout, you'll need to update the whole 725 tree for anything to work. 726 72720000928: 728 There was a change in the passwd format. Need more information. 729 73020000916: 731 /boot/kernel/kernel.ko -> /boot/kernel/kernel change has taken 732 place. Please update boot loader (not the boot blocks) at the 733 same time as your kernel. 734 73520000914: 736 The new pmtimer device is necessary for laptops. Failure to 737 include the device will cause suspended laptops losing time 738 when they resume. Include 739 device pmtimer 740 in your config file and 741 hint.pmtimer.0.at="isa" 742 to your /boot/device.hints file. 743 74420000911: 745 The random device has been turned into a (pseudo-)device, 746 rather than an option. The supplied kernel config files have 747 been updated. You will need to do something similar in your 748 own kernel config file. 749 Remove: 750 options RANDOMDEV 751 Add: 752 device random 753 If you prefer to load the loadable module, you need to do 754 nothing. 755 75620000909: 757 The random device module has been renamed from randomdev.ko to 758 random.ko. You will need to edit your /boot/loader.conf to 759 reflect this if you load this module at boot time. 760 The line should read: 761 random_load="YES" 762 76320000907: 764 The SMPNG commit has happened. It should work, but if it 765 doesn't, fallback to the PRE_SMPNG CVS tag. There are likely 766 to be a variety of minor issues. Please see 20000905 to make 767 sure you don't have model loading problems which might at 768 first blush appear related to SMP. 769 77020000906: 771 nsswitch has been imported from NetBSD. Among other things, 772 this means that /etc/host.conf is no longer used. See 773 nsswitch.conf(5) instead. Note that at boot time rc.network 774 will attempt to produce a new nsswitch.conf file for you if you 775 don't have one, and you have host.conf. 776 77720000905: 778 The ucred structure changed size. This breaks the interface 779 that mountd uses. Trying to use an older mountd with a newer 780 kernel guarantees a panic. This means that you need to use 781 kernels newer than today only with matching mountd, but you 782 needed to do that anyway with the boot loader changes. 783 78420000905: 785 The boot loader has been updated. The new default kernel is 786 now /boot/kernel/kernel.ko. The new default module location 787 is /boot/kernel. 788 789 You *MUST* upgrade your boot loader and kernel at the same time. 790 The easiest way to do this is to do the buildworld/buildkernel/ 791 installkernel/installworld dance. 792 793 Furthermore, you are urged to delete your old /modules directory 794 before booting the new kernel, since kldload will find stale 795 modules in that directory instead of finding them in the correct 796 path, /boot/kernel. The most common complaint that this cures 797 is that the linux module crashes your machine after the update. 798 799 if [ ! -d /boot/kernel.old ]; then 800 mv /modules.old /boot/kernel.old 801 chflags noschg /kernel.old 802 mv /kernel.old /boot/kernel.old/kernel.ko 803 chflags schg /boot/kernel.old/kernel.ko 804 fi 805 80620000904: 807 A new issue with the sendmail upgrade has come to light. 808 /etc/aliases has moved to /etc/mail/aliases. Mergemaster will 809 incorrectly install the default aliases in /etc/mail rather than 810 move the old one from /etc. So you'll need to manually move the 811 file, create a symbolic link, remove the old /etc/aliases.db and 812 run newaliases. For safety sake, you should stop sendmail 813 while doing this and run the upgrade when locally sourced email 814 is not likely to be generated. 815 81620000825: 817 /boot/device.hints is now required for installkernel to 818 succeed. You should copy GENERIC.hints for your architecture 819 into /boot/device.hints. If and only if you compile hints 820 into your kernel, then this file may be empty. Please note, 821 if you have an empty or missing /boot/device.hints file and 822 you neglected to compile hints into your kernel, no boot 823 messages will appear after the boot loader tries to start the 824 kernel. 825 82620000821: 827 If you do NOT have ``options RANDOMDEV'' in your kernel and 828 you DO want the random device then add randomdev_load="YES" to 829 /boot/loader.conf. 830 83120000812: 832 suidperl is now always built and installed on the system, but 833 with permissions of 511. If you have applications that use 834 this program, you are now required to add ENABLE_SUIDPERL=true 835 to /etc/make.conf. If you forget to do this, 836 chmod 4511 /usr/bin/suidperl 837 will fix this until the next build. 838 83920000812: 840 sendmail has been updated from 8.9.3 to 8.11.0. Some of the more 841 visible changes that may immediately affect your configuration 842 include: 843 - New default file locations from src/contrib/sendmail/cf/README 844 - newaliases limited to root and trusted users 845 - MSA port (587) turned on by default 846 - New queue file naming system so can't go from 8.11 -> 8.9 847 - FEATURE(`rbl') renamed to FEATURE(`dnsbl') 848 - FEATURE(`nullclient') is more full featured 849 - FEATURE(`nouucp') requires an argument: `reject' or `nospecial' 850 - mail.local FreeBSD-only -b option changed to -B 851 - See src/contrib/sendmail/RELEASE_NOTES for more info 852 85320000810: 854 suidperl (aka sperl) is no longer build by default. You must 855 specifically define BUILD_SUIDPERL to "true" for it to be build. 856 Furthermore, we recommend that you remove /usr/bin/sperl* and 857 /usr/bin/suidperl files from your system unless you have a 858 specific use for it. 859 86020000729: 861 Networking defaults have been tightened. Anybody upgrading 862 /etc/defaults/rc.conf needs to add the following lines to 863 /etc/rc.conf if they want to have the same setup 864 afterwards (unless the variables already are set, of course): 865 # Enable network daemons for user convenience. 866 inetd_enable="YES" 867 portmap_enable="YES" 868 sendmail_enable="YES" 869 87020000728: 871 If you have null_load="YES" in your /boot/loader.conf, you 872 will need to change that to nullfs_load="YES". 873 87420000728: 875 The "installkernel" target has changed slightly. Now even if 876 you override KERNEL e.g. 'make installkernel KERNEL=MYKERNEL' 877 it will install the MYKERNEL file (built with the buildkernel 878 target) as /kernel rather than /MYKERNEL. Those who have 879 updated their /boot/loader.conf files to point to /MYKERNEL 880 should remove that entry or perform manual rename of /kernel 881 to /MYKERNEL. 882 88320000711: 884 If you use CVSUP or CTM to get CVS trees, AND you used to get 885 the old crypto files from internat.freebsd.org AND you check 886 out files from the CVS tree with the cvs command, please read 887 http://people.freebsd.org/~imp/internat.txt 888 for details on potential problems that you might have and how 889 to get around them. 890 891 If you are merely a mirror, or don't answer yes to each of the 892 clauses above, you needn't worry. 893 89420000711: 895 /etc/security has been updated to print the inode number of 896 setuid programs that have changed. You will see a large spike 897 in the number of changed programs the first time when you run 898 mergemaster to get a new /etc/security. 899 90020000710: 901 /dev/random now has good entropy collection (from the keyboard 902 and sysmouse drivers). Please ensure that either `options 903 RANDOMDEV' is present in your kernel config file or that 904 `randomdev_load="YES"' is in your /boot/loader.conf. If you do 905 not have the /dev/random driver, OpenSSL (and consequently 906 lots of crypto tools (like SSH)) will fail with strange 907 errors. (see below, 20000624). 908 909 FreeBSD-current is safe again to run Crypto. 910 91120000709: 912 phk made the malloc default options AJ. This may slow things 913 down and uncover other latent bugs in the code. If you need to 914 run at full speed, you can disable this by doing the following: 915 ln -s aj /etc/malloc.conf 916 91720000706: 918 libftpio's version was accidentally bumped a few days ago. This 919 has been corrected. You may need to remove /usr/lib/libftpio.so.6 920 before doing your next buildworld/installworld pair. It certainly 921 won't hurt to remove it before the update procedure. It will 922 break fetch until a new one is built, but ftp can be used in the 923 interim if needed. 924 92520000705: 926 The crypto packages have changed for the cvsup. This has been done 927 in a backward compatible way, but the old packages will go away at 928 some point in the future. Look at /usr/share/examples/cvsup for 929 details. 930 93120000704: 932 With the new sys/modules/sound/drivers/*, you will need to 933 set SYSDIR until you do an installworld after July 7th. 934 93520000704: 936 rc.shutdown and rc will now call the rc.d scripts with start 937 or stop. This may cause some harmless warnings from older 938 rc.d scripts that haven't been updated. 939 94020000630: 941 The libfetch based version of fetch has gone into the tree. 942 Minor problems may result on some of the less popular sites, 943 which should be reported to des@freebsd.org. 944 94520000625: 946 From approximately this date forward, one must have the crypto 947 system installed in order to build the system and kernel. 948 While not technically strictly true, one should treat it as 949 required and grab the crypto bits. If you are grabbing CVS 950 trees, src-all and cvs-crypto should be treated as if they 951 were required. You should check with the latest collections 952 to make sure that these haven't changed. 953 95420000624: 955 Mark Murray just committed the first parts of a cleanup of 956 /dev/zero, et al. This is also cleaning up /dev/random. 957 The entropy is disconnected, so DO NOT USE VERSIONS OF FREEBSD 958 -CURRENT FROM THIS POINT to 2000710 for cryptographic services 959 until Mark can merge in the fixes to this work in progress. 960 openssh and openssl should not be used to generate keys from this 961 date to the completion of the work. 962 963 If you must operate at this reduced level of security, add ' 964 options RANDOMDEV' to your kernel or modload the randomdev 965 module. You may also need to copy a new MAKEDEV to /dev and 966 recreate the random and urandom devices. 967 96820000622: 969 The license on the softupdates is now a standard 2 clause 970 BSD license. You may need to remove your symbolic links 971 that used to be required when updating. 972 97320000621: 974 Scott Flatman <sf@aracnet.com> sent in a decent write-up on 975 the config file update procedure. 976 http://people.freebsd.org/~imp/config-upd.html 977 NOTE: LINT is gone. It has been replaced with NOTES. NOTES 978 isn't buildable. However, you can generate a LINT file: 979 cd /sys/<ARCH>/conf && make LINT 980 98120000620: 982 Binutils 2.10 have hit the tree, or will shortly. As soon 983 as they do, the problem noted in 20000522 will be resolved and 984 that workaround will no longer be required. 985 98620000615: 987 phk removed the compatibility creation of wd devices in the 988 ad driver. If you haven't done so already, you must update 989 your fstab, etc to use the ad devices instead of the wd 990 devices. 991 992 In addition, you'll need to update your boot blocks to a 993 more modern version, if you haven't already done so. Modern 994 here means 4.0 release or newer (although older releases 995 may work). 996 99720000612: 998 Peter took an axe to config(8). Be sure that you read his mail 999 on the topic before even thinking about updating. You will 1000 need to create a /boot/device.hints or add a hints directive 1001 to your config file to compile them in statically. The format 1002 of the config file has changed as well. Please see GENERIC or 1003 NEWCARD for examples of the new format. 1004 1005 Indirectly, this also breaks USERCONFIG. Unless a newer entry 1006 says that it has been fixed, assume that must use the hints mechanism 1007 in the loader if you need to use a machine with very old ISA cards 1008 in it. 1009 101020000522: 1011 A new set of binutils went into the tree today. Anybody 1012 building a kernel after this point is advised that they need 1013 to rebuild their binutils (or better yet do a 1014 buildworld/installworld) before building a new kernel. 1015 1016 Due to bugs in binutils, using malloc options (eg /etc/malloc.conf 1017 or MALLOC_OPTIONS env var) J will cause ld to dump core. It 1018 is recommended that you don't set this option until the problem 1019 is resolved. 1020 102120000513: 1022 The ethernet drivers were all updated to clean up the BPF handling. 1023 102420000510: 1025 The problems with boot blocks on the alphas have been corrected. 1026 This will require some care in updating alphas. A new libstand 1027 is requires for the boot blocks to build properly. 1028 102920000503: 1030 Recompile all kld modules. Proper version dependency info 1031 is now available. 1032 103320000502: 1034 Modules have been disconnected from the buildworld tree and 1035 connected to the kernel building instead. 1036 103720000427: 1038 You may need to build gperf 1039 cd /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/gperf && make depend all install 1040 when upgrading from 4.0 -> current. The build system now uses 1041 an option only in -current. 1042 104320000417: 1044 The method that we brand ELF binaries has changed to be more 1045 acceptable to the binutils maintainers. You will need to 1046 rebrand your ELF binaries that aren't native. One problem 1047 binary is the Linux ldconfig. After your make world, but 1048 before you reboot, you'll need to issue: 1049 brandelf -t Linux /compat/linux/sbin/ldconfig 1050 if you have Linux compatibility enabled on your machine. 1051 105220000320: 1053 If you have really bad/marginal IDE drives, you may find they 1054 don't work well. Use pio mode instead. The easiest way to 1055 cope if you have a problem combination is to add: 1056 /sbin/sysctl hw.ata.ata_dma=0 1057 to the start of /etc/rc.conf. 1058 105920000319: 1060 The ISA and PCI compatibility shims have been connected to the 1061 options COMPAT_OLDISA and COMPAT_OLDPCI. If you are using old 1062 style PCI or ISA drivers (i.e. tx, voxware, etc.) you must 1063 include the appropriate option in your kernel config. Drivers 1064 using the shims should be updated or they won't ship with 1065 5.0-RELEASE, targeted for 2001. 1066 106720000318: 1068 We've entered the traditional post release dumping party. 1069 Large kernel changes are being committed and are in the 1070 works. It is important to keep the systems' klds and kernel 1071 in sync as kernel interfaces and structures are changing. 1072 Before reporting kernel panics, make sure that all modules 1073 that you are loading are up to date. 1074 107520000315: 1076 If you are upgrading from an older version of FreeBSD, you 1077 need to update your boot blocks as well. 'disklabel -B ad0' 1078 will do the trick. This isn't critical until you remove your 1079 wd device entries in /dev, at which point your system will not 1080 boot. 1081 108220000315: 1083 4.0 RELEASE shipped. Please see the 4.0 UPDATING file for how 1084 to upgrade to 4.0 from 3.x. 1085 1086COMMON ITEMS: 1087 1088 General Notes 1089 ------------- 1090 Avoid using make -j when upgrading. From time to time in the 1091 past there have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or 1092 installworld. This is especially true when upgrading between 1093 "distant" versions (eg one that cross a major release boundary 1094 or several minor releases, or when several months have passed 1095 on the -current branch). 1096 1097 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment 1098 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its 1099 environment when searching for values for global variables. 1100 To run your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", 1101 prefix all make commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual 1102 page for more details. 1103 1104 To build a kernel 1105 ----------------- 1106 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just 1107 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. With a 1108 /usr/obj tree with a fresh buildworld, 1109 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1110 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1111 1112 To just build a kernel when you know that it won't mess you up 1113 -------------------------------------------------------------- 1114 cd src/sys/{i386,alpha}/conf 1115 config KERNEL_NAME_HERE 1116 cd ../../compile/KERNEL_NAME_HERE 1117 make depend 1118 make 1119 make install 1120 1121 If this fails, go to the "To build a kernel" section. 1122 1123 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system. 1124 ----------------------------------------------------------- 1125 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than 1126 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current. 1127 1128 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 1129 <maybe fix /etc/fstab> [7] 1130 make buildworld 1131 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1132 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1133 [1] 1134 <reboot in single user> [3] 1135 mergemaster -p [5] 1136 make installworld 1137 mergemaster [4] 1138 <reboot> 1139 1140 1141 To cross-install current onto a separate partition 1142 -------------------------------------------------- 1143 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold 1144 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition 1145 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in 1146 # size. 1147 1148 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 1149 <boot into -stable> 1150 make buildworld 1151 <maybe newfs current's root partition> 1152 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}> 1153 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 1154 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1155 cp /usr/src/sys/${ARCH}/conf/GENERIC.hints \ 1156 ${CURRENT_ROOT}/boot/device.hints # as needed 1157 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 1158 cd /usr/src/etc; make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd 1159 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd 1160 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition> 1161 <reboot into current> 1162 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section> 1163 <maybe install compatibility libraries from /usr/src/lib/compat> 1164 <reboot> 1165 1166 1167 To upgrade in-place from 4.x-stable to current 1168 ---------------------------------------------- 1169 # 5.x uses more space than 4.x. Also, the location of kernel 1170 # modules has changed. If you are installing 5.0 onto a 4.x 1171 # system, you'll need about 30MB of free disk space on your / 1172 # partition. If you have less than this, you may encounter difficult 1173 # to back out of problems with this procedure. If /tmp is on 1174 # the / partition, you may want to completely remove all its content 1175 # before upgrading, as this can be a common source of shortage of 1176 # space on /. 1177 1178 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 1179 <maybe fix /etc/fstab> [7] 1180 make buildworld [9] 1181 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8] 1182 cp src/sys/${MACHINE}/conf/GENERIC.hints /boot/device.hints [2] 1183 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1184 cd src/sys/boot ; make install [6] 1185 [1] 1186 <reboot in single user> [3] 1187 mergemaster -p [5] 1188 rm -rf /usr/include/g++ 1189 make installworld 1190 mergemaster [4] 1191 <reboot> 1192 1193 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the 1194 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life 1195 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own 1196 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of 1197 the UPDATING entries. 1198 1199 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to 1200 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update 1201 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent 1202 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has 1203 much fewer pitfalls. 1204 1205 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you 1206 should disable them at this point so they don't crash your 1207 system on reboot. 1208 1209 [2] If you have legacy ISA devices, you may need to create 1210 your own device.hints to reflect your unique hardware 1211 configuration. 1212 1213 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do 1214 fsck -p 1215 mount -u / 1216 mount -a 1217 cd /usr/src 1218 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time 1219 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that 1220 you boot into single user mode to do the installworld. 1221 For the 4.x -> 5.0 upgrade, you will also see many messages about 1222 needing to recompile your userland. These are harmless and can 1223 be ignored while you proceed to the next step. 1224 1225 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step 1226 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the 1227 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those 1228 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well 1229 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists 1230 for potential gotchas. 1231 1232 [5] Usually this step is a noop. However, from time to time 1233 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following 1234 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to 1235 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make 1236 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated 1237 from current before 20020224 or from -stable before 20020408. 1238 1239 [6] 4.x boot loader can be used to boot a 5.x system, however 1240 it is difficult to do that at best. If you wish to try, then 1241 you should interrupt the boot and at the ok prompt type: 1242 ok unload 1243 ok boot /boot/kernel/kernel 1244 If this fails to work, you must install a new boot loader as 1245 described here. 1246 1247 [7] Before you upgrade, please make sure that you are not using 1248 compatibility slices. These are device names of the form, on i386 1249 and other architectures that use MBR slicing, /dev/ad0a without the 1250 actual slice name. Chances are excellent that these will break. 1251 You generally must update these entries to use the post FreeBSD 1252 2.x form of /dev/ad0s1a. 1253 1254 [8] In order to have a kernel that can run the 4.x binaries 1255 needed to do an installworld, you must include the COMPAT_FREEBSD4 1256 option in your kernel. Failure to do so may leave you with a system 1257 that is hard to boot to recover. 1258 1259 [9] When checking out sources, you must include the -P flag to have 1260 cvs prune empty directories. 1261FORMAT: 1262 1263This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major 1264breakages in tracking -current. Not all things will be listed here, 1265and it only starts on March 15, 2000. Updating files can found in 1266previous releases if your system is older than this. 1267 1268Copyright information: 1269 1270Copyright 1998, 2002 M. Warner Losh. All Rights Reserved. 1271 1272Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without 1273modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this 1274document are permitted without further permission from the author. 1275 1276THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 1277IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 1278WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE 1279DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, 1280INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES 1281(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR 1282SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 1283HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, 1284STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING 1285IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 1286POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 1287 1288If you find this document useful, and you want to, you may buy the 1289author a beer. 1290 1291Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of 1292this document. 1293 1294$FreeBSD: head/UPDATING 116193 2003-06-11 06:37:55Z phk $ 1295