UPDATING revision 114032
1Updating Information for FreeBSD current users 2 3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh 4<imp@village.org>. See end of file for further details. For commonly 5done items, please see the COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. 6 7NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT 5.0-CURRENT IS SLOW: 8 FreeBSD 5.0-CURRENT has many debugging features turned on, in 9 both the kernel and userland. These features attempt to detect 10 incorrect use of system primitives, and encourage loud failure 11 through extra sanity checking and fail stop semantics. They 12 also substantially impact system performance. If you want to 13 do performance measurement, benchmarking, and optimization, 14 you'll want to turn them off. This includes various WITNESS- 15 related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc debugging flags 16 in userland, and various verbose features in the kernel. Many 17 developers choose to disable these features on build machines 18 to maximize performance. 19 2020030423: 21 A bug has been fixed in /dev/devctl which would cause devd 22 to hang on boot, were it not for a workaround in devd. The 23 work around in devd will be removed around 20030507. You 24 have until then to upgrade your kernel before updating 25 userland. In general, you should have a userland and 26 kernel that's in sync with each other. However, given the 27 effects of this bug (hang on boot when starting devd), some 28 allowances are made. 29 3020030329: 31 Alphas with libc from between 20030312 and 20030329 exhibit 32 floating point exceptions (FPEs), most notably in awk(1) 33 while upgrading the system through a buildworld. 34 35 So, to successfully upgrade your Alpha, you must either 36 downgrade your libc.so to a pre-20030312 version, or update 37 /usr/share/mk/bsd.cpu.mk to revision 1.26 which adds -mieee 38 to CFLAGS, then forcibly rebuild and install libc: 39 40 cd /usr/src/lib/libc && \ 41 make cleandir && make obj && \ 42 make -DNOMAN -DNOPROFILE all && \ 43 make -DNOMAN -DNOPROFILE install 44 4520030208: 46 sendmail 8.12.7 has been imported. It has one important 47 change for IPv6 users. The default submit.mc now uses 48 '[127.0.0.1]' instead of 'localhost' meaning only IPv4 is 49 used to connect to the MTA. Users on IPv6-only machines 50 will need to edit /etc/mail/submit.mc appropriately. 51 5220030128: 53 NODEVFS option has been removed and DEVFS thereby made standard. 54 This makes all references to MAKEDEV obsolete, and they should 55 be removed when convenient. 56 5720030126: 58 The name of the device for the ofw console has changed, sparc64 users 59 must run mergemaster to update their installed /etc/ttys. 60 6120030125: 62 The scheduler framework has grown a second scheduler and consequently 63 you must specify one and only one scheduler in your kernel config. 64 The cvs config files have been updated to use the old scheduler 65 which may be selected via 'options SCHED_4BSD'. If you would like 66 to try the new, much more experimental, scheduler please try 67 'options SCHED_ULE' and contribute to the arch@ discussion. 68 6920030115: 70 A new version of the wi driver has been imported into the tree. 71 One now must have device wlan in the config file for it to operate 72 properly. 73 74 In addition, there have been some changes to how wi devices are 75 configured for point to point links to bring it more in line 76 with the former way of doing things, as well as compatibility 77 with NetBSD. 78 7920021222: 80 For a period after the GCC 3.2.1 import (from 12/04 to 12/22), GCC 81 used an incompatible form of ABI for returning structures and unions 82 which FreeBSD's GCC maintainers were not aware of relative to previous 83 versions of FreeBSD. We have gone back to the ABI for now, and any 84 code compiled which is required to interoperate with other code (not 85 built at the same time) returning structs or unions should be 86 rebuilt. 87 8820021216: 89 A name change in /etc/netconfig has been reverted to stay 90 compatible with suns TIRPC and also with NetBSD. You need 91 to run mergemaster after make world. A new libc does still work 92 with an outdated /etc/netconfig for some time, but you'll get 93 a warning. This warning will be removed in 20030301. 94 9520021202: 96 The recent binutils upgrade marks a kernel flag day on 97 sparc64: modules built with the old binutils will not work 98 with new kernels and vice versa. Mismatches will result in 99 panics. Make sure your kernel and modules are in sync. 100 10120021029: 102 The value of IPPROTO_DIVERT has changed. Make sure to keep 103 your kernel, netstat, natd and any third-party DIVERT 104 consumers in sync. 105 10620021024: 107 Old, compatibility slices have been removed in GEOM kernels. 108 This means that you will have to update your /etc/fstab to 109 not use disk devices of the form /dev/ad0a. Instead, you 110 now must specify /dev/ad0s1a, or whatever slice your FreeBSD 111 partition really is on. The old device names have gone 112 away, so if you use them anywhere else, you must also adjust 113 those uses. (This doesn't affect the disks formatted in 114 the ``dangerously-dedicated'' mode.) 115 11620021023: 117 Alphas with kernels from between 20020830 and 20021023 and/or 118 rtld (ld-elf.so.1) older than 20021023 may experience problems 119 with groff while doing a buildworld (kernel: "out of memory", 120 fixed in rev 1.129 of kern/imgact_elf.c; rtld: "too few PT_LOAD 121 segments", fixed in rev 1.8 of libexec/rtld-elf/map_object.c). 122 123 So, to successfully upgrade your Alpha, you must either 124 upgrade your kernel and rtld first (which might be a bit 125 tricky), or avoid running the bootstrapped groff during the 126 "transitional" buildworld. To avoid running groff during the 127 transitional upgrade run make buildworld with -DNOMAN, 128 -DNO_SHAREDOCS, and -DNO_LPR. 129 13020020831: 131 gcc has been upgraded to 3.2. It is not all binary compatible 132 with earlier versions of gcc for c++ programs. All c++ 133 programs and libraries need to be recompiled. 134 135 Also, if you encounter g++ issues, rm /usr/include/g++/* before 136 doing an installworld to make sure that stale files are removed. 137 13820020827: 139 Our /etc/termcap now has all the entries from the XFree86 xterm 140 almost unchanged. This means xterm now supports color by default. 141 If you used TERM=xterm-color in the past you now should use 142 TERM=xterm. (xterm-color will lead to benign warnings). 143 14420020815: 145 A "bug" in gcc(1) that was hiding warning in system headers was 146 fixed. It's probably time to add -DNO_WERROR to your make line 147 again. 148 14920020729: 150 COPY is being deprecated. The 20010530 change was reverted, as 151 it causes far more pain than was expected, and to always compare 152 before installing, please use INSTALL="install -C" again. The 153 -C option is now silently ignored when used with the -d option. 154 15520020702: 156 Problems with libc_r clients like KDE and GNOME have been resolved. 157 There are still some minor problems with some signals but the 158 system is stable enough for general use again. SMP is less so than UP 159 but each can successfully complete multiple buildworlds. 160 Libkvm needs to be recompiled due to KSE. 161 16220020701: 163 Now would be a bad time to upgrade. Something in or near the 164 KSE commit totally broke programs using libc_r like KDE and 165 GNOME. 166 16720020511: 168 The k5su utility installed as part of Kerberos 5 is no longer 169 installed with the set-user-ID bit set by default. Add 170 ENABLE_SUID_K5SU=yes to /etc/make.conf to have it installed 171 with the set-user-ID bit set. 172 17320020510: 174 Gcc 3.1 debugging format (cc -g) has changed from STABS to DWARF2. 175 Unfortunately our native GDB (at version 4.18) does not understand 176 the DWARF2 debugging format. Thus you must use `gcc -gstabs+' to 177 generated debugging information for our native GDB. 178 17920020510: 180 Due to the way CVS works, it may not properly update src/contrib/gcc 181 to the 3.1 sources. The easiest fix is to `rm -rf' src/contrib/gcc 182 and then do a cvs update. 183 18420020421: 185 When exec'ing set[ug]id executables, the kernel now ensures that the 186 stdio file descriptors (0..2) are open. See FreeBSD-SA-02:23.stdio. 187 18820020404: 189 New sendmail startup scripts have been installed to make it 190 easier to use alternative MTAs with FreeBSD. Setting the rc.conf 191 variable sendmail_enable to "NO" no longer prevents any sendmail 192 daemons from starting. Instead, either set sendmail_enable to 193 "NONE" or change mta_start_script to a script for starting 194 an alternative MTA. Setting mta_start_script to "" will 195 also prevent any MTA from being started at boot. 196 19720020403: 198 UCONSOLE is no longer a valid kernel option. 199 20020020315: 201 FreeBSD 5.0 DP-1 was basically branched today. 202 20320020225: 204 Warnings are now errors in the kernel. Unless you are a developer, 205 you should add -DNO_WERROR to your make line. 206 20720020217: 208 sendmail 8.12.2 has been imported. The sendmail binary is no 209 longer a set-user-ID root binary and the infrastructure to support 210 command line mail submission has changed. Be sure to run 211 mergemaster (especially for updating /etc/rc, /etc/defaults/rc.conf, 212 and /etc/mail) and read /etc/mail/README for more details. 213 214 Due to the import of sendmail 8.12.2, a new user and group are 215 required in order for sendmail to run as a set-group-ID 216 binary. A 'make installworld' will use the new user and group 217 to set the owner and group of /var/spool/clientmqueue and will 218 fail if the new user and group do not exist. The 'smmsp' user 219 and group must be merged from src/etc/group and 220 src/etc/master.passwd before using 'make installworld'. 221 'mergemaster -p' will do this. You may need to install 222 mergemaster before this will work if you are updating from a 223 very old version of current. The updating recipe has changed 224 as of this date. 225 22620020112: 227 The preferred configuration method for PAM is now /etc/pam.d/ 228 rather than /etc/pam.conf. If you have an unmodified 229 pam.conf, just delete it after your next mergemaster run. If 230 you have local modifications, you can use 231 /usr/src/etc/pam.d/convert.pl to incorporate them into your 232 /etc/pam.d. 233 234 Please see the following url for more details: 235http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/mid.cgi?db=mid&id=<xzp6667fyoa.fsf@flood.ping.uio.no> 23620011229: 237 If anyone here is already using the new rc.conf(5) variable 238 networkfs_types, please note that it has changed 239http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/mid.cgi?db=mid&id=<9744.1009655556@axl.seasidesoftware.co.za> 240 24120011220: 242 sys/i4b/driver/i4b_ispppsubr.c has been retired. This file 243 started out its life in the ISDN4BSD project as an offspring 244 from sys/net/if_spppsubr.c, which eventually got a life of its 245 own. All the accumulated features and bugfixes of the i4b 246 version have now been merged back into the base system's 247 version now. The only user-visible change resulting from this 248 is that i4b's sppp(4) interfaces are to be managed with 249 spppcontrol(8) again, since ispppcontrol(8) has been retired 250 as well. (There has never been rc file support for 251 ispppcontrol in -current, but only in -stable. That will be 252 reverted by the time the changes are MFCed.) 253 25420011215: 255 The fdc(4) driver has been updated and now automatically 256 recognizes media in `standard' formats (like 1440 KB and 257 720 KB for a 3.5" high-density drive) when accessing the 258 default device node (e. g. /dev/fd0). The old variety of 259 floppy device nodes /dev/fd*.* is no longer present by 260 default, devices can be created (in DEVFS) on demand. They 261 will need to be customized then for `odd' densities using 262 fdcontrol(8). 263 26420011209: 265 The bugs in procfs' debugging support code have been fixed, 266 and truss(1) now works again. 267 26820011207: 269 Daily security checks have been split out to use the periodic(8) 270 scripts. Some change in configuration may be necessary. Please 271 see 272http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/mid.cgi?db=mid&id=<20011207155805.R8975@blossom.cjclark.org> 273 for details. 274 27520011204: 276 sos added VCD/SVCD support to ata driver and that needs the 277 kernel and burncd to be in sync. 278 27920011203: 280 The procfs pseudo-filesystem has now been converted to use the 281 pseudofs framework. If you have 'options PROCFS' in your 282 kernel config, you'll need to add 'options PSEUDOFS' if it's 283 not there already. 284 285 This change temporarily breaks truss(1); use ktrace(1) instead 286 until the issue has been resolved. 287 28820011202: 289 A security hole in OpenSSH involving `UseLogin yes' has been 290 patched. 291 29220011126: 293 You need to remove /usr/obj/.../usr.bin/tip before rebuilding 294 after this date. You need to do this only once. 295 29620011103: 297 Most of the awk issues have been resolved. Some rough 298 edges may be left, but for the most part things should be 299 back to "normal." For CURRENT's usual definition of "normal." 300 30120011030: 302 Awk has been upgraded to the one true awk from bell labs. Expect 303 choppy waves in the upgrade process. 304 30520011030: 306 The asr driver problem has been resolved. 307 30820011027: 309 Due to changes in other parts of the system, the asr driver 310 now causes the system to panic on boot. Do not use it pending 311 correction. Comment it out of any kernel config file that you 312 try to use from this date forward. 313 31420011025: 315 When crossbuilding, use TARGET=xxx where you used to use 316 MACHINE=xxx. You don't need to set TARGET_ARCH and TARGET, 317 unless you are changing both of them. To cross build pc98 on 318 an alpha, for example, you need to set TARGET=pc98 and 319 TARGET_ARCH=i386. 320 32120011001: 322 The kernel interface that burncd depends on has changed. 323 You must recompile both the kernel and userland applications 324 at the same time. 325 32620010929: 327 When crossbuilding, please set TARGET_ARCH rather than 328 MACHINE_ARCH to indicate the target. In the future, one will 329 set TARGET_MACHINE where you set MACHINE now. At the moment, 330 setting MACHINE alone for same MACHINE_ARCH machines works 331 (eg, you can build pc98 on an i386 machine and vice versa). 332 33320010927: 334 Some weird problems result from using ACPI on some machines. 335 To disable ACPI you can add 336 hint.acpi.0.disabled="1" 337 to /boot/loader.conf (or by putting set X=Y at the boot 338 loader "ok" prompt). 339 340 Alternatively, you can remove it from /boot/kernel/acpi.ko 341 or use the MODULES_OVERRIDE function in your kernel config 342 file and not list acpi in that list. 343 34420010924: 345 The buildworld has been fixed. You may need to install 346 the 4.x compatibility libraries for some old binaries 347 to work. Add COMPAT4X=true to your /etc/make.conf to 348 get them installed on every installworld, or execute the 349 following to get them installed only once: 350 cd src/lib/compat/compat4x.<arch> 351 make all install 352 You will see ``__stdoutp undefined'' until you do this. 353 35420010919: 355 There's a bug in the world build process. The cross-tools 356 are build with the NEW headers, but the OLD libc.a. This 357 leads to all kinds of problems with the new libc. A temporary 358 workaround is to add 359 CFLAGS="-O -pipe -D_OLD_STDIO" 360 before building world when upgrading from 4.x to current. This 361 can be removed afterwards. 362 363 A proper fix to the buildworld target is needed. 364 36520010918: 366 Peter has committed his new kthread nfs client/server code. 367 NFS may be unstable after this date. 368 36920010912: 370 KSE has hit the tree. Lots of things are now different in 371 the kernel. While a few problems were introduced in the 372 initial commit, most of the major ones have been found and 373 corrected. 374 37520010901: 376 In OLDCARD, CardBus bridges appear to be stable. The work 377 arounds described in the 20010604 entry are now no longer 378 necessary and will be ignored. Most insert/remove problems 379 have been rectified around this date. 380 38120010823: 382 named now runs as user bind and group bind rather than as 383 root. If named_enable is set to YES in /etc/rc.conf, ensure 384 that user bind is available in /etc/passwd (using vipw(8)) 385 and that group bind is available in /etc/group. Also make 386 sure that user or group bind has read (and not write) 387 permission for your name server configuration and that it 388 has read and write permission for your slave zone files and 389 directory. 390 391 If you wish to continue to run named as root (a less secure 392 alternative), add a line to /etc/rc.conf saying 393 394 named_flags= 395 39620010709: 397 The PAM libraries have had an API upgrade that is beyond 398 the ability of the shared library major number to handle. 399 It is manifested by PAM-using ports dumping core. The 400 solution is to rebuild those ports. 401 40220010628: 403 The kernel compile module has moved from src/sys/compile/FOO 404 to src/sys/${MACHINE}/compile/FOO. 405 40620010625: 407 The pccard modem issue from 20010613 has been corrected. 408 OLDCARD support is still a little weak in -current. slot 1 is 409 known not to work on some TI based cardbus bridges. Some 410 cardbus bridges do not properly detect insert/removal events. 411 IRQ configuration needs more safety belts. 412 41320010617: 414 Softupdates problems have been corrected. 415 41620010614: 417 Peter ripped out the linkerset support. You must, as always, 418 rerun config after you cvsup if you are using the traditional 419 kernel building methods. 420 42120010613: 422 pccard modems may not work with current after 20010604 date. Some 423 do, others result in panics. *MAKE*SURE* that you update your 424 config and /etc/rc.conf ala the 20010604 entry, or you will have 425 problems (this issue will be fixed, it just hasn't been yet). 426 42720010613: 428 SOFTUPDATES seem to be broken since the middle of May or so. Do not 429 use them in current. You can disable softupdates on all mounted 430 partitions, or remove SOFTUPDATES the kernel config file. 431 43220010612: 433 After Peter's commits to the hints code, people have been noticing 434 that certain devices are attached (or try to) twice. This is due 435 to having both static hints as well as a /boot/device.hints. To 436 work around this issue, please use only one or the other mechanism 437 until this bug is fixed. 438 439 Please note that a feature of config is that if you have config 440 file FOO and FOO.hints, it automatically adds FOO.hints to the 441 hints.c file, whether you want it to or not. 442 44320010610: 444 Locale names have changed to match other systems better. 445 44620010604: 447 pccard support for pci cards has been committed. You must change 448 your /etc/pccard.conf irq lines. It must match the irq used by 449 pcic device. Interrupt storms may result if you fail to do this. 450 Interrupt storms look a lot like a hang. 451 452 You must also install a new pccardd, otherwise you will get an 453 interrupt storm at card reset time (just after it tells you what 454 it is). 455 456 pccardd_flags="-I" is necessary for the time being. It tells pccardd 457 not to ask the kernel if the interrupt is really free or not before 458 using it. You can either change the /etc/pccard.conf irq lines to 459 match pcic, or add "-i X" to the pccardd_flags. 460 46120010530: 462 INSTALL=install -C is being deprecated. If you want to do this, 463 use COPY=-C instead. The former method will be supported for only 464 a limited time. If you see 465 466install: warning: the -d and -C options may not be specified together 467 468 in your makeworld, then you need to migrate towards using 469 COPY=-C. 470 47120010525: 472 It appears that vm is now stable enough to use again. However, 473 there may be other problems, so caution is still urged. alpha 474 definitely is in bad shape. 475 47620010521: 477 Minor repo damage has happened. This may cause problems 478 with cvsup of ports. If you get errors, please see 479 http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/query-pr.cgi?pr=27495 480 at the bottom for details on a workaround. The error message 481 is 482Updater failed: Cannot delete "/usr/ports/www/jakarta-tomcat/files": Directory not empty 483 48420010520: 485 Vm and/or swapping are busted on -current. Please be patient. 486 48720010519: 488 pccard has had much reorganizational work done to it over 489 the past few days. Everything should still work, but if 490 not, please contact imp@freebsd.org. 491 49220010517: 493 ata ioctl changed. Make sure to recompile both kernel and 494 userland at the same time. 495 49620010517: 497 New ncurses imported. 498 49920010512: 500 DEVFS is now opt out, not opt in. Barring major problems, this 501 will be the only way to go starting July 1. 502 50320010504: 504 OpenSSH has been updated to 2.9. Some defaults are different, 505 including RhostsRSAAuthentication, which changes from yes to no. 506 50720010502: 508 Perl breakage in 20010501 was corrected at 14:18:33 PDT. 509 51020010501: 511 Building perl was broken at 02:25:25 PDT. 512 51320010430: 514 The bug in 20010429 was corrected at 07:35:37 PDT. It is safe to 515 go back in the water. 516 51720010429: 518 A bad bug was committed at 04:48:42 PDT. Don't use kernels after 519 this date, but before the correction date. 520 52120010423: 522 old fsck and new kernel interactions appear to have been fixed. 523 52420010411: 525 fsck and the kernel were changed to handle some optimizations 526 to directory layout. This breaks backward compatibility. 527 Update only if you understand that you must not use the old 528 fsck with the new kernel ever. 529 53020010330: 531 fsck has changed the meaning of the pass column in /etc/fstab. 532 Please see the cvs commit to fsck.8 or the fsck.8 man page for 533 details. It is unclear if changes to /etc/fstab are necessary. 534 53520010319: 536 portmap had changed name to rpcbind for maximum POLA in your 537 current world. /etc/hosts.{allow,deny} needs changes. nfs and 538 other rpc based programs that rely on portmapper will not work 539 without updates to /etc/hosts.{allow,deny} and /etc/netconfig. 540 54120010315: 542 ata subsystem changes. ATA_ENABLE_ATAPI_DMA, ATA_ENABLE_WC 543 and ATA_ENABLE_TAGS are no longer kernel options. They have 544 been replaced by tunables. See ata.4 for details. 545 54620010312: 547 The fxp driver was converted to use miibus. If you compile 548 fxp into your kernel statically, you will need to add miibus. 549 55020010312: 551 The wi device now defaults to BSS (infrastructure) mode 552 instead of ad-hoc. 553 55420010310: 555 /dev/urandom should be a symbolic link to /dev/random now. 556 Users of current not using DEVFS need to run MAKEDEV std. 557 ssh might not work if you don't. 558 55920010303: 560 The ed driver has been updated. It now allows mii attachments, 561 which means that you must include the miibus in your kernel if 562 you use the ed driver. 563 56420010220: 565 The problems with libc have been corrected. It is now mostly 566 safe to go back into the water. 567 56820010211: 569 The size of FILE was changed. This breaks upgrading. If 570 you must upgrade, be prepared for pain. It also breaks almost 571 all binaries that you've compiled on -current. You are warned 572 that before upgrading would be a good time to do a level 0 573 dump of your system. No, really, I mean it this time. 574 575 To get to the new system, you'll need to use the following 576 workaround. Hopefully this can be sorted out so that we 577 don't have to move this to the updating section. 578 579 To get around the installworld problem, do: 580 # cd /usr/src/usr.bin/sed 581 # make install 582 # cd /usr/src 583 # make installworld 584 If that doesn't work, then try: 585 # make -k installworld 586 # make installworld 587 58820010207: 589 DEVFS is now the default. If you use vinum, make sure that you 590 do not include devfs in your kernel as problems result. 591 59220010205: 593 FFS_ROOT and CD9660_ROOT have been removed or deprecated. 594 Remove them from your config. 595 59620010122: 597 ****************************** WARNING ****************************** 598 buildkernel has been changed slightly 599 ****************************** WARNING ****************************** 600 KERNCONF replaces the variable KERNEL for buildkernel. You 601 should update your scripts and make.conf accordingly. 602 60320010119: 604 config has changed to allow DEV_FOO as a replacement for NFOO. 605 This requires a new config to build correctly. 606 60720010116: 608 The kernel option I386_CPU is now mutually exclusive with the 609 other cpu types. If you have an i386 system, be sure that it 610 only had this line. Remove it for all other configurations. 611 61220010110: 613 Changes to the kernel require it and burncd be in sync. 614 61520010102: 616 Everyone who has hw.sndunit set to something in 617 /etc/sysctl.conf, it is now hw.snd.unit. 618 61920010101: 620 ex and vi were broken by some changes to sys/queue.h. If you 621 have a bad vi, you will see make buildworld fail with a core 622 dump while building termcap. You can work around this problem 623 by adding -k to your make buildworld. This will cause the 624 build to complete and install a new vi. Once that's done, you 625 can rebuild again without the -k to pick up anything that 626 might have been ignored by the -k option. 627 628 Others have suggested that you can just rebuild libc if your 629 vi/ex is dynamically linked, but I've not received any reports 630 of this working. 631 63220001228: 633 There have been some changes to libcrypt in -current. The 634 libscrypt/libdescrypt symlink silliness is gone and the installed 635 libcrypt is fully functional. Be aware of this. 636 63720001218: 638 Linksys Fast Ethernet PCCARD cards supported by the ed driver 639 now require the addition of flag 0x80000 to their config line 640 in pccard.conf(5). This flag is not optional. These Linksys 641 cards will not be recognized without it. 642 64320001205: 644 Important new FreeBSD-version stuff: PAM support has been worked 645 in, partially from the "Unix" OpenSSH version. This requires 646 adding the following in pam.conf: 647 648 sshd auth sufficient pam_skey.so 649 sshd auth required pam_unix.so try_first_pass 650 sshd session required pam_permit.so 651 65220001031: 653 cvs updated to 1.11. 654 65520001020: 656 The random device needs more entropy, so you need to make sure 657 that you've run mergemaster to get a /etc/rc which will seed 658 /dev/random. If you don't and the system hangs after ldconfig, 659 then banging on the keyboard randomly until it unhangs is one 660 workaround. 661 66220001010: 663 ****************************** WARNING ****************************** 664 Sendmail has been updated. 665 ****************************** WARNING ****************************** 666 o mail.local(8) is no longer installed as a set-user-id binary. 667 o sendmail(8) is now built with STARTTLS support unless NO_OPENSSL 668 is set. 669 o The default /etc/mail/sendmail.cf disables the SMTP EXPN and VRFY 670 commands. 671 o Now using sendmail's version of vacation(1). 672 o The sendmail cf building tools (contrib/sendmail/cf) are installed 673 in /usr/share/sendmail/cf. 674 o sendmail.cw changed to local-host-names 675 676 More details can be found at 677 http://people.freebsd.org/~imp/UPDATING/sendmail-20001010 678 67920001009: 680 The ports tree's new layout is in place. Be sure to update 681 your entire ports tree, or you will have problems. 682 68320001006: 684 The perl build procedure no longer installs miniperl, nor uses 685 the installed miniperl. It is recommended that you delete 686 /usr/bin/miniperl. 687 68820001005: 689 This weekend the ports tree will be updated to a new layout. 690 It will be in an inconsistent state until noted in the UPDATING 691 file, or with asami-san's message to the relevant mailing 692 lists. With this new layout, you'll need to update the whole 693 tree for anything to work. 694 69520000928: 696 There was a change in the passwd format. Need more information. 697 69820000916: 699 /boot/kernel/kernel.ko -> /boot/kernel/kernel change has taken 700 place. Please update boot loader (not the boot blocks) at the 701 same time as your kernel. 702 70320000914: 704 The new pmtimer device is necessary for laptops. Failure to 705 include the device will cause suspended laptops losing time 706 when they resume. Include 707 device pmtimer 708 in your config file and 709 hint.pmtimer.0.at="isa" 710 to your /boot/device.hints file. 711 71220000911: 713 The random device has been turned into a (pseudo-)device, 714 rather than an option. The supplied kernel config files have 715 been updated. You will need to do something similar in your 716 own kernel config file. 717 Remove: 718 options RANDOMDEV 719 Add: 720 device random 721 If you prefer to load the loadable module, you need to do 722 nothing. 723 72420000909: 725 The random device module has been renamed from randomdev.ko to 726 random.ko. You will need to edit your /boot/loader.conf to 727 reflect this if you load this module at boot time. 728 The line should read: 729 random_load="YES" 730 73120000907: 732 The SMPNG commit has happened. It should work, but if it 733 doesn't, fallback to the PRE_SMPNG CVS tag. There are likely 734 to be a variety of minor issues. Please see 20000905 to make 735 sure you don't have model loading problems which might at 736 first blush appear related to SMP. 737 73820000906: 739 nsswitch has been imported from NetBSD. Among other things, 740 this means that /etc/host.conf is no longer used. See 741 nsswitch.conf(5) instead. Note that at boot time rc.network 742 will attempt to produce a new nsswitch.conf file for you if you 743 don't have one, and you have host.conf. 744 74520000905: 746 The ucred structure changed size. This breaks the interface 747 that mountd uses. Trying to use an older mountd with a newer 748 kernel guarantees a panic. This means that you need to use 749 kernels newer than today only with matching mountd, but you 750 needed to do that anyway with the boot loader changes. 751 75220000905: 753 The boot loader has been updated. The new default kernel is 754 now /boot/kernel/kernel.ko. The new default module location 755 is /boot/kernel. 756 757 You *MUST* upgrade your boot loader and kernel at the same time. 758 The easiest way to do this is to do the buildworld/buildkernel/ 759 installkernel/installworld dance. 760 761 Furthermore, you are urged to delete your old /modules directory 762 before booting the new kernel, since kldload will find stale 763 modules in that directory instead of finding them in the correct 764 path, /boot/kernel. The most common complaint that this cures 765 is that the linux module crashes your machine after the update. 766 767 if [ ! -d /boot/kernel.old ]; then 768 mv /modules.old /boot/kernel.old 769 chflags noschg /kernel.old 770 mv /kernel.old /boot/kernel.old/kernel.ko 771 chflags schg /boot/kernel.old/kernel.ko 772 fi 773 77420000904: 775 A new issue with the sendmail upgrade has come to light. 776 /etc/aliases has moved to /etc/mail/aliases. Mergemaster will 777 incorrectly install the default aliases in /etc/mail rather than 778 move the old one from /etc. So you'll need to manually move the 779 file, create a symbolic link, remove the old /etc/aliases.db and 780 run newaliases. For safety sake, you should stop sendmail 781 while doing this and run the upgrade when locally sourced email 782 is not likely to be generated. 783 78420000825: 785 /boot/device.hints is now required for installkernel to 786 succeed. You should copy GENERIC.hints for your architecture 787 into /boot/device.hints. If and only if you compile hints 788 into your kernel, then this file may be empty. Please note, 789 if you have an empty or missing /boot/device.hints file and 790 you neglected to compile hints into your kernel, no boot 791 messages will appear after the boot loader tries to start the 792 kernel. 793 79420000821: 795 If you do NOT have ``options RANDOMDEV'' in your kernel and 796 you DO want the random device then add randomdev_load="YES" to 797 /boot/loader.conf. 798 79920000812: 800 suidperl is now always built and installed on the system, but 801 with permissions of 511. If you have applications that use 802 this program, you are now required to add ENABLE_SUIDPERL=true 803 to /etc/make.conf. If you forget to do this, 804 chmod 4511 /usr/bin/suidperl 805 will fix this until the next build. 806 80720000812: 808 sendmail has been updated from 8.9.3 to 8.11.0. Some of the more 809 visible changes that may immediately affect your configuration 810 include: 811 - New default file locations from src/contrib/sendmail/cf/README 812 - newaliases limited to root and trusted users 813 - MSA port (587) turned on by default 814 - New queue file naming system so can't go from 8.11 -> 8.9 815 - FEATURE(`rbl') renamed to FEATURE(`dnsbl') 816 - FEATURE(`nullclient') is more full featured 817 - FEATURE(`nouucp') requires an argument: `reject' or `nospecial' 818 - mail.local FreeBSD-only -b option changed to -B 819 - See src/contrib/sendmail/RELEASE_NOTES for more info 820 82120000810: 822 suidperl (aka sperl) is no longer build by default. You must 823 specifically define BUILD_SUIDPERL to "true" for it to be build. 824 Furthermore, we recommend that you remove /usr/bin/sperl* and 825 /usr/bin/suidperl files from your system unless you have a 826 specific use for it. 827 82820000729: 829 Networking defaults have been tightened. Anybody upgrading 830 /etc/defaults/rc.conf needs to add the following lines to 831 /etc/rc.conf if they want to have the same setup 832 afterwards (unless the variables already are set, of course): 833 # Enable network daemons for user convenience. 834 inetd_enable="YES" 835 portmap_enable="YES" 836 sendmail_enable="YES" 837 83820000728: 839 If you have null_load="YES" in your /boot/loader.conf, you 840 will need to change that to nullfs_load="YES". 841 84220000728: 843 The "installkernel" target has changed slightly. Now even if 844 you override KERNEL e.g. 'make installkernel KERNEL=MYKERNEL' 845 it will install the MYKERNEL file (built with the buildkernel 846 target) as /kernel rather than /MYKERNEL. Those who have 847 updated their /boot/loader.conf files to point to /MYKERNEL 848 should remove that entry or perform manual rename of /kernel 849 to /MYKERNEL. 850 85120000711: 852 If you use CVSUP or CTM to get CVS trees, AND you used to get 853 the old crypto files from internat.freebsd.org AND you check 854 out files from the CVS tree with the cvs command, please read 855 http://people.freebsd.org/~imp/internat.txt 856 for details on potential problems that you might have and how 857 to get around them. 858 859 If you are merely a mirror, or don't answer yes to each of the 860 clauses above, you needn't worry. 861 86220000711: 863 /etc/security has been updated to print the inode number of 864 setuid programs that have changed. You will see a large spike 865 in the number of changed programs the first time when you run 866 mergemaster to get a new /etc/security. 867 86820000710: 869 /dev/random now has good entropy collection (from the keyboard 870 and sysmouse drivers). Please ensure that either `options 871 RANDOMDEV' is present in your kernel config file or that 872 `randomdev_load="YES"' is in your /boot/loader.conf. If you do 873 not have the /dev/random driver, OpenSSL (and consequently 874 lots of crypto tools (like SSH)) will fail with strange 875 errors. (see below, 20000624). 876 877 FreeBSD-current is safe again to run Crypto. 878 87920000709: 880 phk made the malloc default options AJ. This may slow things 881 down and uncover other latent bugs in the code. If you need to 882 run at full speed, you can disable this by doing the following: 883 ln -s aj /etc/malloc.conf 884 88520000706: 886 libftpio's version was accidentally bumped a few days ago. This 887 has been corrected. You may need to remove /usr/lib/libftpio.so.6 888 before doing your next buildworld/installworld pair. It certainly 889 won't hurt to remove it before the update procedure. It will 890 break fetch until a new one is built, but ftp can be used in the 891 interim if needed. 892 89320000705: 894 The crypto packages have changed for the cvsup. This has been done 895 in a backward compatible way, but the old packages will go away at 896 some point in the future. Look at /usr/share/examples/cvsup for 897 details. 898 89920000704: 900 With the new sys/modules/sound/drivers/*, you will need to 901 set SYSDIR until you do an installworld after July 7th. 902 90320000704: 904 rc.shutdown and rc will now call the rc.d scripts with start 905 or stop. This may cause some harmless warnings from older 906 rc.d scripts that haven't been updated. 907 90820000630: 909 The libfetch based version of fetch has gone into the tree. 910 Minor problems may result on some of the less popular sites, 911 which should be reported to des@freebsd.org. 912 91320000625: 914 From approximately this date forward, one must have the crypto 915 system installed in order to build the system and kernel. 916 While not technically strictly true, one should treat it as 917 required and grab the crypto bits. If you are grabbing CVS 918 trees, src-all and cvs-crypto should be treated as if they 919 were required. You should check with the latest collections 920 to make sure that these haven't changed. 921 92220000624: 923 Mark Murray just committed the first parts of a cleanup of 924 /dev/zero, et al. This is also cleaning up /dev/random. 925 The entropy is disconnected, so DO NOT USE VERSIONS OF FREEBSD 926 -CURRENT FROM THIS POINT to 2000710 for cryptographic services 927 until Mark can merge in the fixes to this work in progress. 928 openssh and openssl should not be used to generate keys from this 929 date to the completion of the work. 930 931 If you must operate at this reduced level of security, add ' 932 options RANDOMDEV' to your kernel or modload the randomdev 933 module. You may also need to copy a new MAKEDEV to /dev and 934 recreate the random and urandom devices. 935 93620000622: 937 The license on the softupdates is now a standard 2 clause 938 BSD license. You may need to remove your symbolic links 939 that used to be required when updating. 940 94120000621: 942 Scott Flatman <sf@aracnet.com> sent in a decent write-up on 943 the config file update procedure. 944 http://people.freebsd.org/~imp/config-upd.html 945 NOTE: LINT is gone. It has been replaced with NOTES. NOTES 946 isn't buildable. However, you can generate a LINT file: 947 cd /sys/<ARCH>/conf && make LINT 948 94920000620: 950 Binutils 2.10 have hit the tree, or will shortly. As soon 951 as they do, the problem noted in 20000522 will be resolved and 952 that workaround will no longer be required. 953 95420000615: 955 phk removed the compatibility creation of wd devices in the 956 ad driver. If you haven't done so already, you must update 957 your fstab, etc to use the ad devices instead of the wd 958 devices. 959 960 In addition, you'll need to update your boot blocks to a 961 more modern version, if you haven't already done so. Modern 962 here means 4.0 release or newer (although older releases 963 may work). 964 96520000612: 966 Peter took an axe to config(8). Be sure that you read his mail 967 on the topic before even thinking about updating. You will 968 need to create a /boot/device.hints or add a hints directive 969 to your config file to compile them in statically. The format 970 of the config file has changed as well. Please see GENERIC or 971 NEWCARD for examples of the new format. 972 973 Indirectly, this also breaks USERCONFIG. Unless a newer entry 974 says that it has been fixed, assume that must use the hints mechanism 975 in the loader if you need to use a machine with very old ISA cards 976 in it. 977 97820000522: 979 A new set of binutils went into the tree today. Anybody 980 building a kernel after this point is advised that they need 981 to rebuild their binutils (or better yet do a 982 buildworld/installworld) before building a new kernel. 983 984 Due to bugs in binutils, using malloc options (eg /etc/malloc.conf 985 or MALLOC_OPTIONS env var) J will cause ld to dump core. It 986 is recommended that you don't set this option until the problem 987 is resolved. 988 98920000513: 990 The ethernet drivers were all updated to clean up the BPF handling. 991 99220000510: 993 The problems with boot blocks on the alphas have been corrected. 994 This will require some care in updating alphas. A new libstand 995 is requires for the boot blocks to build properly. 996 99720000503: 998 Recompile all kld modules. Proper version dependency info 999 is now available. 1000 100120000502: 1002 Modules have been disconnected from the buildworld tree and 1003 connected to the kernel building instead. 1004 100520000427: 1006 You may need to build gperf 1007 cd /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/gperf && make depend all install 1008 when upgrading from 4.0 -> current. The build system now uses 1009 an option only in -current. 1010 101120000417: 1012 The method that we brand ELF binaries has changed to be more 1013 acceptable to the binutils maintainers. You will need to 1014 rebrand your ELF binaries that aren't native. One problem 1015 binary is the Linux ldconfig. After your make world, but 1016 before you reboot, you'll need to issue: 1017 brandelf -t Linux /compat/linux/sbin/ldconfig 1018 if you have Linux compatibility enabled on your machine. 1019 102020000320: 1021 If you have really bad/marginal IDE drives, you may find they 1022 don't work well. Use pio mode instead. The easiest way to 1023 cope if you have a problem combination is to add: 1024 /sbin/sysctl hw.ata.ata_dma=0 1025 to the start of /etc/rc.conf. 1026 102720000319: 1028 The ISA and PCI compatibility shims have been connected to the 1029 options COMPAT_OLDISA and COMPAT_OLDPCI. If you are using old 1030 style PCI or ISA drivers (i.e. tx, voxware, etc.) you must 1031 include the appropriate option in your kernel config. Drivers 1032 using the shims should be updated or they won't ship with 1033 5.0-RELEASE, targeted for 2001. 1034 103520000318: 1036 We've entered the traditional post release dumping party. 1037 Large kernel changes are being committed and are in the 1038 works. It is important to keep the systems' klds and kernel 1039 in sync as kernel interfaces and structures are changing. 1040 Before reporting kernel panics, make sure that all modules 1041 that you are loading are up to date. 1042 104320000315: 1044 If you are upgrading from an older version of FreeBSD, you 1045 need to update your boot blocks as well. 'disklabel -B ad0' 1046 will do the trick. This isn't critical until you remove your 1047 wd device entries in /dev, at which point your system will not 1048 boot. 1049 105020000315: 1051 4.0 RELEASE shipped. Please see the 4.0 UPDATING file for how 1052 to upgrade to 4.0 from 3.x. 1053 1054COMMON ITEMS: 1055 1056 General Notes 1057 ------------- 1058 Avoid using make -j when upgrading. From time to time in the 1059 past there have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or 1060 installworld. This is especially true when upgrading between 1061 "distant" versions (eg one that cross a major release boundary 1062 or several minor releases, or when several months have passed 1063 on the -current branch). 1064 1065 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment 1066 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its 1067 environment when searching for values for global variables. 1068 To run your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", 1069 prefix all make commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual 1070 page for more details. 1071 1072 To build a kernel 1073 ----------------- 1074 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just 1075 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. With a 1076 /usr/obj tree with a fresh buildworld, 1077 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1078 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1079 1080 To just build a kernel when you know that it won't mess you up 1081 -------------------------------------------------------------- 1082 cd src/sys/{i386,alpha}/conf 1083 config KERNEL_NAME_HERE 1084 cd ../../compile/KERNEL_NAME_HERE 1085 make depend 1086 make 1087 make install 1088 1089 If this fails, go to the "To build a kernel" section. 1090 1091 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system. 1092 ----------------------------------------------------------- 1093 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than 1094 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current. 1095 1096 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 1097 <maybe fix /etc/fstab> [7] 1098 make buildworld 1099 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1100 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1101 [1] 1102 <reboot in single user> [3] 1103 mergemaster -p [5] 1104 make installworld 1105 mergemaster [4] 1106 <reboot> 1107 1108 1109 To cross-install current onto a separate partition 1110 -------------------------------------------------- 1111 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold 1112 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition 1113 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in 1114 # size. 1115 1116 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 1117 <boot into -stable> 1118 make buildworld 1119 <maybe newfs current's root partition> 1120 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}> 1121 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 1122 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1123 cp /usr/src/sys/${ARCH}/conf/GENERIC.hints \ 1124 ${CURRENT_ROOT}/boot/device.hints # as needed 1125 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 1126 cd /usr/src/etc; make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd 1127 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd 1128 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition> 1129 <reboot into current> 1130 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section> 1131 <maybe install compatibility libraries from /usr/src/lib/compat> 1132 <reboot> 1133 1134 1135 To upgrade in-place from 4.x-stable to current 1136 ---------------------------------------------- 1137 # 5.x uses more space than 4.x. Also, the location of kernel 1138 # modules has changed. If you are installing 5.0 onto a 4.x 1139 # system, you'll need about 30MB of free disk space on your / 1140 # partition. If you have less than this, you may encounter difficult 1141 # to back out of problems with this procedure. If /tmp is on 1142 # the / partition, you may want to completely remove all its content 1143 # before upgrading, as this can be a common source of shortage of 1144 # space on /. 1145 1146 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 1147 <maybe fix /etc/fstab> [7] 1148 make buildworld [9] 1149 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8] 1150 cp src/sys/${MACHINE}/conf/GENERIC.hints /boot/device.hints [2] 1151 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1152 cd src/sys/boot ; make install [6] 1153 [1] 1154 <reboot in single user> [3] 1155 mergemaster -p [5] 1156 rm -rf /usr/include/g++ 1157 make installworld 1158 mergemaster [4] 1159 <reboot> 1160 1161 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the 1162 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life 1163 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own 1164 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of 1165 the UPDATING entries. 1166 1167 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to 1168 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update 1169 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent 1170 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has 1171 much fewer pitfalls. 1172 1173 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you 1174 should disable them at this point so they don't crash your 1175 system on reboot. 1176 1177 [2] If you have legacy ISA devices, you may need to create 1178 your own device.hints to reflect your unique hardware 1179 configuration. 1180 1181 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do 1182 fsck -p 1183 mount -u / 1184 mount -a 1185 cd /usr/src 1186 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time 1187 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that 1188 you boot into single user mode to do the installworld. 1189 For the 4.x -> 5.0 upgrade, you will also see many messages about 1190 needing to recompile your userland. These are harmless and can 1191 be ignored while you proceed to the next step. 1192 1193 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step 1194 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the 1195 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those 1196 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well 1197 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists 1198 for potential gotchas. 1199 1200 [5] Usually this step is a noop. However, from time to time 1201 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following 1202 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to 1203 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make 1204 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated 1205 from current before 20020224 or from -stable before 20020408. 1206 1207 [6] 4.x boot loader can be used to boot a 5.x system, however 1208 it is difficult to do that at best. If you wish to try, then 1209 you should interrupt the boot and at the ok prompt type: 1210 ok unload 1211 ok boot /boot/kernel/kernel 1212 If this fails to work, you must install a new boot loader as 1213 described here. 1214 1215 [7] Before you upgrade, please make sure that you are not using 1216 compatibility slices. These are device names of the form, on i386 1217 and other architectures that use MBR slicing, /dev/ad0a without the 1218 actual slice name. Chances are excellent that these will break. 1219 You generally must update these entries to use the post FreeBSD 1220 2.x form of /dev/ad0s1a. 1221 1222 [8] In order to have a kernel that can run the 4.x binaries 1223 needed to do an installworld, you must include the COMPAT_FREEBSD4 1224 option in your kernel. Failure to do so may leave you with a system 1225 that is hard to boot to recover. 1226 1227 [9] When checking out sources, you must include the -P flag to have 1228 cvs prune empty directories. 1229FORMAT: 1230 1231This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major 1232breakages in tracking -current. Not all things will be listed here, 1233and it only starts on March 15, 2000. Updating files can found in 1234previous releases if your system is older than this. 1235 1236Copyright information: 1237 1238Copyright 1998, 2002 M. Warner Losh. All Rights Reserved. 1239 1240Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without 1241modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this 1242document are permitted without further permission from the author. 1243 1244THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 1245IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 1246WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE 1247DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, 1248INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES 1249(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR 1250SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 1251HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, 1252STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING 1253IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 1254POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 1255 1256If you find this document useful, and you want to, you may buy the 1257author a beer. 1258 1259Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of 1260this document. 1261 1262$FreeBSD: head/UPDATING 114032 2003-04-25 20:11:17Z ru $ 1263