1/*- 2 * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause 3 * 4 * Copyright (c) 2002 Networks Associates Technology, Inc. 5 * All rights reserved. 6 * 7 * This software was developed for the FreeBSD Project by Marshall 8 * Kirk McKusick and Network Associates Laboratories, the Security 9 * Research Division of Network Associates, Inc. under DARPA/SPAWAR 10 * contract N66001-01-C-8035 ("CBOSS"), as part of the DARPA CHATS 11 * research program. 12 * 13 * Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994 14 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 15 * 16 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 17 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 18 * are met: 19 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 20 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 21 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 22 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 23 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 24 * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 25 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 26 * without specific prior written permission. 27 * 28 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 29 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 30 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 31 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 32 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 33 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 34 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 35 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 36 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 37 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 38 * SUCH DAMAGE. 39 */ 40 41/* 42 * newfs: friendly front end to mkfs 43 */ 44#include <sys/param.h> 45#include <sys/stat.h> 46#include <sys/disk.h> 47#include <sys/disklabel.h> 48#include <sys/file.h> 49#include <sys/mount.h> 50 51#include <ufs/ufs/dir.h> 52#include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h> 53#include <ufs/ffs/fs.h> 54#include <ufs/ufs/extattr.h> 55#include <ufs/ufs/quota.h> 56#include <ufs/ufs/ufsmount.h> 57 58#include <ctype.h> 59#include <err.h> 60#include <errno.h> 61#include <inttypes.h> 62#include <paths.h> 63#include <stdarg.h> 64#include <stdio.h> 65#include <stdlib.h> 66#include <string.h> 67#include <syslog.h> 68#include <unistd.h> 69 70#include <libutil.h> 71 72#include "newfs.h" 73 74int Eflag; /* Erase previous disk contents */ 75int Lflag; /* add a volume label */ 76int Nflag; /* run without writing file system */ 77int Oflag = 2; /* file system format (1 => UFS1, 2 => UFS2) */ 78int Rflag; /* regression test */ 79int Uflag; /* enable soft updates for file system */ 80int jflag; /* enable soft updates journaling for filesys */ 81int Xflag = 0; /* exit in middle of newfs for testing */ 82int Jflag; /* enable gjournal for file system */ 83int lflag; /* enable multilabel for file system */ 84int nflag; /* do not create .snap directory */ 85int tflag; /* enable TRIM */ 86intmax_t fssize; /* file system size */ 87off_t mediasize; /* device size */ 88int sectorsize; /* bytes/sector */ 89int realsectorsize; /* bytes/sector in hardware */ 90int fsize = 0; /* fragment size */ 91int bsize = 0; /* block size */ 92int maxbsize = 0; /* maximum clustering */ 93int maxblkspercg = MAXBLKSPERCG; /* maximum blocks per cylinder group */ 94int minfree = MINFREE; /* free space threshold */ 95int metaspace; /* space held for metadata blocks */ 96int opt = DEFAULTOPT; /* optimization preference (space or time) */ 97int density; /* number of bytes per inode */ 98int maxcontig = 0; /* max contiguous blocks to allocate */ 99int maxbpg; /* maximum blocks per file in a cyl group */ 100int avgfilesize = AVFILESIZ;/* expected average file size */ 101int avgfilesperdir = AFPDIR;/* expected number of files per directory */ 102u_char *volumelabel = NULL; /* volume label for filesystem */ 103struct uufsd disk; /* libufs disk structure */ 104 105static char device[MAXPATHLEN]; 106static u_char bootarea[BBSIZE]; 107static int is_file; /* work on a file, not a device */ 108static char *dkname; 109static char *disktype; 110 111static void getfssize(intmax_t *, const char *p, intmax_t, intmax_t); 112static struct disklabel *getdisklabel(void); 113static void usage(void) __dead2; 114static int expand_number_int(const char *buf, int *num); 115 116ufs2_daddr_t part_ofs; /* partition offset in blocks, used with files */ 117 118int 119main(int argc, char *argv[]) 120{ 121 struct partition *pp; 122 struct disklabel *lp; 123 struct stat st; 124 char *cp, *special; 125 intmax_t reserved; 126 int ch, rval; 127 size_t i; 128 char part_name; /* partition name, default to full disk */ 129 130 part_name = 'c'; 131 reserved = 0; 132 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, 133 "EJL:NO:RS:T:UXa:b:c:d:e:f:g:h:i:jk:lm:no:p:r:s:t")) != -1) 134 switch (ch) { 135 case 'E': 136 Eflag = 1; 137 break; 138 case 'J': 139 Jflag = 1; 140 break; 141 case 'L': 142 volumelabel = optarg; 143 for (i = 0; isalnum(volumelabel[i]) || 144 volumelabel[i] == '_' || volumelabel[i] == '-'; 145 i++) 146 continue; 147 if (volumelabel[i] != '\0') { 148 errx(1, "bad volume label. Valid characters " 149 "are alphanumerics, dashes, and underscores."); 150 } 151 if (strlen(volumelabel) >= MAXVOLLEN) { 152 errx(1, "bad volume label. Length is longer than %d.", 153 MAXVOLLEN); 154 } 155 Lflag = 1; 156 break; 157 case 'N': 158 Nflag = 1; 159 break; 160 case 'O': 161 if ((Oflag = atoi(optarg)) < 1 || Oflag > 2) 162 errx(1, "%s: bad file system format value", 163 optarg); 164 break; 165 case 'R': 166 Rflag = 1; 167 break; 168 case 'S': 169 rval = expand_number_int(optarg, §orsize); 170 if (rval < 0 || sectorsize <= 0) 171 errx(1, "%s: bad sector size", optarg); 172 break; 173 case 'T': 174 disktype = optarg; 175 break; 176 case 'j': 177 jflag = 1; 178 /* fall through to enable soft updates */ 179 /* FALLTHROUGH */ 180 case 'U': 181 Uflag = 1; 182 break; 183 case 'X': 184 Xflag++; 185 break; 186 case 'a': 187 rval = expand_number_int(optarg, &maxcontig); 188 if (rval < 0 || maxcontig <= 0) 189 errx(1, "%s: bad maximum contiguous blocks", 190 optarg); 191 break; 192 case 'b': 193 rval = expand_number_int(optarg, &bsize); 194 if (rval < 0) 195 errx(1, "%s: bad block size", 196 optarg); 197 if (bsize < MINBSIZE) 198 errx(1, "%s: block size too small, min is %d", 199 optarg, MINBSIZE); 200 if (bsize > MAXBSIZE) 201 errx(1, "%s: block size too large, max is %d", 202 optarg, MAXBSIZE); 203 break; 204 case 'c': 205 rval = expand_number_int(optarg, &maxblkspercg); 206 if (rval < 0 || maxblkspercg <= 0) 207 errx(1, "%s: bad blocks per cylinder group", 208 optarg); 209 break; 210 case 'd': 211 rval = expand_number_int(optarg, &maxbsize); 212 if (rval < 0 || maxbsize < MINBSIZE) 213 errx(1, "%s: bad extent block size", optarg); 214 break; 215 case 'e': 216 rval = expand_number_int(optarg, &maxbpg); 217 if (rval < 0 || maxbpg <= 0) 218 errx(1, "%s: bad blocks per file in a cylinder group", 219 optarg); 220 break; 221 case 'f': 222 rval = expand_number_int(optarg, &fsize); 223 if (rval < 0 || fsize <= 0) 224 errx(1, "%s: bad fragment size", optarg); 225 break; 226 case 'g': 227 rval = expand_number_int(optarg, &avgfilesize); 228 if (rval < 0 || avgfilesize <= 0) 229 errx(1, "%s: bad average file size", optarg); 230 break; 231 case 'h': 232 rval = expand_number_int(optarg, &avgfilesperdir); 233 if (rval < 0 || avgfilesperdir <= 0) 234 errx(1, "%s: bad average files per dir", optarg); 235 break; 236 case 'i': 237 rval = expand_number_int(optarg, &density); 238 if (rval < 0 || density <= 0) 239 errx(1, "%s: bad bytes per inode", optarg); 240 break; 241 case 'l': 242 lflag = 1; 243 break; 244 case 'k': 245 if ((metaspace = atoi(optarg)) < 0) 246 errx(1, "%s: bad metadata space %%", optarg); 247 if (metaspace == 0) 248 /* force to stay zero in mkfs */ 249 metaspace = -1; 250 break; 251 case 'm': 252 if ((minfree = atoi(optarg)) < 0 || minfree > 99) 253 errx(1, "%s: bad free space %%", optarg); 254 break; 255 case 'n': 256 nflag = 1; 257 break; 258 case 'o': 259 if (strcmp(optarg, "space") == 0) 260 opt = FS_OPTSPACE; 261 else if (strcmp(optarg, "time") == 0) 262 opt = FS_OPTTIME; 263 else 264 errx(1, 265 "%s: unknown optimization preference: use `space' or `time'", 266 optarg); 267 break; 268 case 'r': 269 errno = 0; 270 reserved = strtoimax(optarg, &cp, 0); 271 if (errno != 0 || cp == optarg || 272 *cp != '\0' || reserved < 0) 273 errx(1, "%s: bad reserved size", optarg); 274 break; 275 case 'p': 276 is_file = 1; 277 part_name = optarg[0]; 278 break; 279 280 case 's': 281 errno = 0; 282 fssize = strtoimax(optarg, &cp, 0); 283 if (errno != 0 || cp == optarg || 284 *cp != '\0' || fssize < 0) 285 errx(1, "%s: bad file system size", optarg); 286 break; 287 case 't': 288 tflag = 1; 289 break; 290 case '?': 291 default: 292 usage(); 293 } 294 argc -= optind; 295 argv += optind; 296 297 if (argc != 1) 298 usage(); 299 300 special = argv[0]; 301 if (!special[0]) 302 err(1, "empty file/special name"); 303 cp = strrchr(special, '/'); 304 if (cp == NULL) { 305 /* 306 * No path prefix; try prefixing _PATH_DEV. 307 */ 308 snprintf(device, sizeof(device), "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, special); 309 special = device; 310 } 311 312 if (is_file) { 313 /* bypass ufs_disk_fillout_blank */ 314 bzero( &disk, sizeof(disk)); 315 disk.d_bsize = 1; 316 disk.d_name = special; 317 disk.d_fd = open(special, O_RDONLY); 318 if (disk.d_fd < 0 || 319 (!Nflag && ufs_disk_write(&disk) == -1)) 320 errx(1, "%s: ", special); 321 } else if (ufs_disk_fillout_blank(&disk, special) == -1 || 322 (!Nflag && ufs_disk_write(&disk) == -1)) { 323 if (disk.d_error != NULL) 324 errx(1, "%s: %s", special, disk.d_error); 325 else 326 err(1, "%s", special); 327 } 328 if (fstat(disk.d_fd, &st) < 0) 329 err(1, "%s", special); 330 if ((st.st_mode & S_IFMT) != S_IFCHR) { 331 warn("%s: not a character-special device", special); 332 is_file = 1; /* assume it is a file */ 333 dkname = special; 334 if (sectorsize == 0) 335 sectorsize = 512; 336 mediasize = st.st_size; 337 /* set fssize from the partition */ 338 } else { 339 if (sectorsize == 0) 340 if (ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCGSECTORSIZE, §orsize) == -1) 341 sectorsize = 0; /* back out on error for safety */ 342 if (sectorsize && ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCGMEDIASIZE, &mediasize) != -1) 343 getfssize(&fssize, special, mediasize / sectorsize, reserved); 344 } 345 pp = NULL; 346 lp = getdisklabel(); 347 if (lp != NULL) { 348 if (!is_file) /* already set for files */ 349 part_name = special[strlen(special) - 1]; 350 if ((part_name < 'a' || part_name - 'a' >= MAXPARTITIONS) && 351 !isdigit(part_name)) 352 errx(1, "%s: can't figure out file system partition", 353 special); 354 cp = &part_name; 355 if (isdigit(*cp)) 356 pp = &lp->d_partitions[RAW_PART]; 357 else 358 pp = &lp->d_partitions[*cp - 'a']; 359 if (pp->p_size == 0) 360 errx(1, "%s: `%c' partition is unavailable", 361 special, *cp); 362 if (pp->p_fstype == FS_BOOT) 363 errx(1, "%s: `%c' partition overlaps boot program", 364 special, *cp); 365 getfssize(&fssize, special, pp->p_size, reserved); 366 if (sectorsize == 0) 367 sectorsize = lp->d_secsize; 368 if (fsize == 0) 369 fsize = pp->p_fsize; 370 if (bsize == 0) 371 bsize = pp->p_frag * pp->p_fsize; 372 if (is_file) 373 part_ofs = pp->p_offset; 374 } 375 if (sectorsize <= 0) 376 errx(1, "%s: no default sector size", special); 377 if (fsize <= 0) 378 fsize = MAX(DFL_FRAGSIZE, sectorsize); 379 if (bsize <= 0) 380 bsize = MIN(DFL_BLKSIZE, 8 * fsize); 381 if (minfree < MINFREE && opt != FS_OPTSPACE) { 382 fprintf(stderr, "Warning: changing optimization to space "); 383 fprintf(stderr, "because minfree is less than %d%%\n", MINFREE); 384 opt = FS_OPTSPACE; 385 } 386 /* Use soft updates by default for UFS2 and above */ 387 if (Oflag > 1) 388 Uflag = 1; 389 realsectorsize = sectorsize; 390 if (sectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) { /* XXX */ 391 int secperblk = sectorsize / DEV_BSIZE; 392 393 sectorsize = DEV_BSIZE; 394 fssize *= secperblk; 395 if (pp != NULL) 396 pp->p_size *= secperblk; 397 } 398 mkfs(pp, special); 399 ufs_disk_close(&disk); 400 if (!jflag) 401 exit(0); 402 if (execlp("tunefs", "newfs", "-j", "enable", special, NULL) < 0) 403 err(1, "Cannot enable soft updates journaling, tunefs"); 404 /* NOT REACHED */ 405} 406 407void 408getfssize(intmax_t *fsz, const char *s, intmax_t disksize, intmax_t reserved) 409{ 410 intmax_t available; 411 412 available = disksize - reserved; 413 if (available <= 0) 414 errx(1, "%s: reserved not less than device size %jd", 415 s, disksize); 416 if (*fsz == 0) 417 *fsz = available; 418 else if (*fsz > available) 419 errx(1, "%s: maximum file system size is %jd", 420 s, available); 421} 422 423struct disklabel * 424getdisklabel(void) 425{ 426 static struct disklabel lab; 427 struct disklabel *lp; 428 429 if (is_file) { 430 if (read(disk.d_fd, bootarea, BBSIZE) != BBSIZE) 431 err(4, "cannot read bootarea"); 432 if (bsd_disklabel_le_dec( 433 bootarea + (0 /* labeloffset */ + 434 1 /* labelsoffset */ * sectorsize), 435 &lab, MAXPARTITIONS)) 436 errx(1, "no valid label found"); 437 438 lp = &lab; 439 return &lab; 440 } 441 442 if (disktype) { 443 lp = getdiskbyname(disktype); 444 if (lp != NULL) 445 return (lp); 446 } 447 return (NULL); 448} 449 450static void 451usage(void) 452{ 453 fprintf(stderr, 454 "usage: %s [ -fsoptions ] special-device%s\n", 455 getprogname(), 456 " [device-type]"); 457 fprintf(stderr, "where fsoptions are:\n"); 458 fprintf(stderr, "\t-E Erase previous disk content\n"); 459 fprintf(stderr, "\t-J Enable journaling via gjournal\n"); 460 fprintf(stderr, "\t-L volume label to add to superblock\n"); 461 fprintf(stderr, 462 "\t-N do not create file system, just print out parameters\n"); 463 fprintf(stderr, "\t-O file system format: 1 => UFS1, 2 => UFS2\n"); 464 fprintf(stderr, "\t-R regression test, suppress random factors\n"); 465 fprintf(stderr, "\t-S sector size\n"); 466 fprintf(stderr, "\t-T disktype\n"); 467 fprintf(stderr, "\t-U enable soft updates\n"); 468 fprintf(stderr, "\t-a maximum contiguous blocks\n"); 469 fprintf(stderr, "\t-b block size\n"); 470 fprintf(stderr, "\t-c blocks per cylinders group\n"); 471 fprintf(stderr, "\t-d maximum extent size\n"); 472 fprintf(stderr, "\t-e maximum blocks per file in a cylinder group\n"); 473 fprintf(stderr, "\t-f frag size\n"); 474 fprintf(stderr, "\t-g average file size\n"); 475 fprintf(stderr, "\t-h average files per directory\n"); 476 fprintf(stderr, "\t-i number of bytes per inode\n"); 477 fprintf(stderr, "\t-j enable soft updates journaling\n"); 478 fprintf(stderr, "\t-k space to hold for metadata blocks\n"); 479 fprintf(stderr, "\t-l enable multilabel MAC\n"); 480 fprintf(stderr, "\t-n do not create .snap directory\n"); 481 fprintf(stderr, "\t-m minimum free space %%\n"); 482 fprintf(stderr, "\t-o optimization preference (`space' or `time')\n"); 483 fprintf(stderr, "\t-p partition name (a..h)\n"); 484 fprintf(stderr, "\t-r reserved sectors at the end of device\n"); 485 fprintf(stderr, "\t-s file system size (sectors)\n"); 486 fprintf(stderr, "\t-t enable TRIM\n"); 487 exit(1); 488} 489 490static int 491expand_number_int(const char *buf, int *num) 492{ 493 int64_t num64; 494 int rval; 495 496 rval = expand_number(buf, &num64); 497 if (rval < 0) 498 return (rval); 499 if (num64 > INT_MAX || num64 < INT_MIN) { 500 errno = ERANGE; 501 return (-1); 502 } 503 *num = (int)num64; 504 return (0); 505} 506