UPDATING revision 223637
1Updating Information for FreeBSD current users 2 3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>. 4See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the 5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you 6basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD 7handbook. 8 9Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in 10/usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before running portupgrade. 11 12NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 9.x IS SLOW: 13 FreeBSD 9.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel 14 and userland. These features attempt to detect incorrect use of 15 system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity 16 checking and fail stop semantics. They also substantially impact 17 system performance. If you want to do performance measurement, 18 benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off. This 19 includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc 20 debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the 21 kernel. Many developers choose to disable these features on build 22 machines to maximize performance. (To disable malloc debugging, run 23 ln -s aj /etc/malloc.conf.) 24 2520110628: 26 The packet filter (pf) code has been updated to OpenBSD 4.5. 27 You need to update userland tools to be in sync with kernel. 28 2920110608: 30 The following sysctls and tunables are retired on x86 platforms: 31 machdep.hlt_cpus 32 machdep.hlt_logical_cpus 33 The following sysctl is retired: 34 machdep.hyperthreading_allowed 35 The sysctls were supposed to provide a way to dynamically offline and 36 online selected CPUs on x86 platforms, but the implementation has not 37 been reliable especially with SCHED_ULE scheduler. 38 machdep.hyperthreading_allowed tunable is still available to ignore 39 hyperthreading CPUs at OS level. 40 Individual CPUs can be disabled using hint.lapic.X.disabled tunable, 41 where X is an APIC ID of a CPU. Be advised, though, that disabling 42 CPUs in non-uniform fashion will result in non-uniform topology and 43 may lead to sub-optimal system performance with SCHED_ULE, which is 44 a default scheduler. 45 4620110607: 47 cpumask_t type is retired and cpuset_t is used in order to describe 48 a mask of CPUs. 49 5020110531: 51 Changes to ifconfig(8) for dynamic address family detection mandate 52 that you are running a kernel of 20110525 or later. Make sure to 53 follow the update procedure to boot a new kernel before installing 54 world. 55 5620110513: 57 Support for sun4v architecture is officially dropped 58 5920110503: 60 Several KPI breaking changes have been committed to the mii(4) layer, 61 the PHY drivers and consequently some Ethernet drivers using mii(4). 62 This means that miibus.ko and the modules of the affected Ethernet 63 drivers need to be recompiled. 64 65 Note to kernel developers: Given that the OUI bit reversion problem 66 was fixed as part of these changes all mii(4) commits related to OUIs, 67 i.e. to sys/dev/mii/miidevs, PHY driver probing and vendor specific 68 handling, no longer can be merged verbatim to stable/8 and previous 69 branches. 70 7120110430: 72 Users of the Atheros AR71xx SoC code now need to add 'device ar71xx_pci' 73 into their kernel configurations along with 'device pci'. 74 7520110427: 76 The default NFS client is now the new NFS client, so fstype "newnfs" 77 is now "nfs" and the regular/old NFS client is now fstype "oldnfs". 78 Although mounts via fstype "nfs" will usually work without userland 79 changes, it is recommended that the mount(8) and mount_nfs(8) 80 commands be rebuilt from sources and that a link to mount_nfs called 81 mount_oldnfs be created. The new client is compiled into the 82 kernel with "options NFSCL" and this is needed for diskless root 83 file systems. The GENERIC kernel configs have been changed to use 84 NFSCL and NFSD (the new server) instead of NFSCLIENT and NFSSERVER. 85 To use the regular/old client, you can "mount -t oldnfs ...". For 86 a diskless root file system, you must also include a line like: 87 88 vfs.root.mountfrom="oldnfs:" 89 90 in the boot/loader.conf on the root fs on the NFS server to make 91 a diskless root fs use the old client. 92 9320110424: 94 The GENERIC kernels for all architectures now default to the new 95 CAM-based ATA stack. It means that all legacy ATA drivers were 96 removed and replaced by respective CAM drivers. If you are using 97 ATA device names in /etc/fstab or other places, make sure to update 98 them respectively (adX -> adaY, acdX -> cdY, afdX -> daY, astX -> saY, 99 where 'Y's are the sequential numbers starting from zero for each type 100 in order of detection, unless configured otherwise with tunables, 101 see cam(4)). There will be symbolic links created in /dev/ to map 102 old adX devices to the respective adaY. They should provide basic 103 compatibility for file systems mounting in most cases, but they do 104 not support old user-level APIs and do not have respective providers 105 in GEOM. Consider using updated management tools with new device names. 106 107 It is possible to load devices ahci, ata, siis and mvs as modules, 108 but option ATA_CAM should remain in kernel configuration to make ata 109 module work as CAM driver supporting legacy ATA controllers. Device ata 110 still can be used in modular fashion (atacore + ...). Modules atadisk 111 and atapi* are not used and won't affect operation in ATA_CAM mode. 112 Note that to use CAM-based ATA kernel should include CAM devices 113 scbus, pass, da (or explicitly ada), cd and optionally others. All of 114 them are parts of the cam module. 115 116 ataraid(4) functionality is now supported by the RAID GEOM class. 117 To use it you can load geom_raid kernel module and use graid(8) tool 118 for management. Instead of /dev/arX device names, use /dev/raid/rX. 119 120 No kernel config options or code have been removed, so if a problem 121 arises, please report it and optionally revert to the old ATA stack. 122 In order to do it you can remove from the kernel config: 123 options ATA_CAM 124 device ahci 125 device mvs 126 device siis 127 , and instead add back: 128 device atadisk # ATA disk drives 129 device ataraid # ATA RAID drives 130 device atapicd # ATAPI CDROM drives 131 device atapifd # ATAPI floppy drives 132 device atapist # ATAPI tape drives 133 13420110423: 135 The default NFS server has been changed to the new server, which 136 was referred to as the experimental server. If you need to switch 137 back to the old NFS server, you must now put the "-o" option on 138 both the mountd and nfsd commands. This can be done using the 139 mountd_flags and nfs_server_flags rc.conf variables until an 140 update to the rc scripts is committed, which is coming soon. 141 14220110418: 143 The GNU Objective-C runtime library (libobjc), and other Objective-C 144 related components have been removed from the base system. If you 145 require an Objective-C library, please use one of the available ports. 146 14720110331: 148 ath(4) has been split into bus- and device- modules. if_ath contains 149 the HAL, the TX rate control and the network device code. if_ath_pci 150 contains the PCI bus glue. For Atheros MIPS embedded systems, if_ath_ahb 151 contains the AHB glue. Users need to load both if_ath_pci and if_ath 152 in order to use ath on everything else. 153 154 TO REPEAT: if_ath_ahb is not needed for normal users. Normal users only 155 need to load if_ath and if_ath_pci for ath(4) operation. 156 15720110314: 158 As part of the replacement of sysinstall, the process of building 159 release media has changed significantly. For details, please re-read 160 release(7), which has been updated to reflect the new build process. 161 16220110218: 163 GNU binutils 2.17.50 (as of 2007-07-03) has been merged to -HEAD. This 164 is the last available version under GPLv2. It brings a number of new 165 features, such as support for newer x86 CPU's (with SSE-3, SSSE-3, SSE 166 4.1 and SSE 4.2), better support for powerpc64, a number of new 167 directives, and lots of other small improvements. See the ChangeLog 168 file in contrib/binutils for the full details. 169 17020110218: 171 IPsec's HMAC_SHA256-512 support has been fixed to be RFC4868 172 compliant, and will now use half of hash for authentication. 173 This will break interoperability with all stacks (including all 174 actual FreeBSD versions) who implement 175 draft-ietf-ipsec-ciph-sha-256-00 (they use 96 bits of hash for 176 authentication). 177 The only workaround with such peers is to use another HMAC 178 algorithm for IPsec ("phase 2") authentication. 179 18020110207: 181 Remove the uio_yield prototype and symbol. This function has 182 been misnamed since it was introduced and should not be 183 globally exposed with this name. The equivalent functionality 184 is now available using kern_yield(curthread->td_user_pri). 185 The function remains undocumented. 186 18720110112: 188 A SYSCTL_[ADD_]UQUAD was added for unsigned uint64_t pointers, 189 symmetric with the existing SYSCTL_[ADD_]QUAD. Type checking 190 for scalar sysctls is defined but disabled. Code that needs 191 UQUAD to pass the type checking that must compile on older 192 systems where the define is not present can check against 193 __FreeBSD_version >= 900030. 194 195 The system dialog(1) has been replaced with a new version previously 196 in ports as devel/cdialog. dialog(1) is mostly command-line compatible 197 with the previous version, but the libdialog associated with it has 198 a largely incompatible API. As such, the original version of libdialog 199 will be kept temporarily as libodialog, until its base system consumers 200 are replaced or updated. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900030. 201 20220110103: 203 If you are trying to run make universe on a -stable system, and you get 204 the following warning: 205 "Makefile", line 356: "Target architecture for i386/conf/GENERIC 206 unknown. config(8) likely too old." 207 or something similar to it, then you must upgrade your -stable system 208 to 8.2-Release or newer (really, any time after r210146 7/15/2010 in 209 stable/8) or build the config from the latest stable/8 branch and 210 install it on your system. 211 212 Prior to this date, building a current universe on 8-stable system from 213 between 7/15/2010 and 1/2/2011 would result in a weird shell parsing 214 error in the first kernel build phase. A new config on those old 215 systems will fix that problem for older versions of -current. 216 21720101228: 218 The TCP stack has been modified to allow Khelp modules to interact with 219 it via helper hook points and store per-connection data in the TCP 220 control block. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900029. User space tools that 221 rely on the size of struct tcpcb in tcp_var.h (e.g. sockstat) need to 222 be recompiled. 223 22420101114: 225 Generic IEEE 802.3 annex 31B full duplex flow control support has been 226 added to mii(4) and bge(4), bce(4), msk(4), nfe(4) and stge(4) along 227 with brgphy(4), e1000phy(4) as well as ip1000phy() have been converted 228 to take advantage of it instead of using custom implementations. This 229 means that these drivers now no longer unconditionally advertise 230 support for flow control but only do so if flow control is a selected 231 media option. This was implemented in the generic support that way in 232 order to allow flow control to be switched on and off via ifconfig(8) 233 with the PHY specific default to typically off in order to protect 234 from unwanted effects. Consequently, if you used flow control with 235 one of the above mentioned drivers you now need to explicitly enable 236 it, for example via: 237 ifconfig bge0 media auto mediaopt flowcontrol 238 239 Along with the above mentioned changes generic support for setting 240 1000baseT master mode also has been added and brgphy(4), ciphy(4), 241 e1000phy(4) as well as ip1000phy(4) have been converted to take 242 advantage of it. This means that these drivers now no longer take the 243 link0 parameter for selecting master mode but the master media option 244 has to be used instead, for example like in the following: 245 ifconfig bge0 media 1000baseT mediaopt full-duplex,master 246 247 Selection of master mode now is also available with all other PHY 248 drivers supporting 1000baseT. 249 25020101111: 251 The TCP stack has received a significant update to add support for 252 modularised congestion control and generally improve the clarity of 253 congestion control decisions. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900025. User 254 space tools that rely on the size of struct tcpcb in tcp_var.h (e.g. 255 sockstat) need to be recompiled. 256 25720101002: 258 The man(1) utility has been replaced by a new version that no longer 259 uses /etc/manpath.config. Please consult man.conf(5) for how to 260 migrate local entries to the new format. 261 26220100928: 263 The copyright strings printed by login(1) and sshd(8) at the time of a 264 new connection have been removed to follow other operating systems and 265 upstream sshd. 266 26720100915: 268 A workaround for a fixed ld bug has been removed in kernel code, 269 so make sure that your system ld is built from sources after 270 revision 210245 from 2010-07-19 (r211583 if building head kernel 271 on stable/8, r211584 for stable/7; both from 2010-08-21). 272 A symptom of incorrect ld version is different addresses for 273 set_pcpu section and __start_set_pcpu symbol in kernel and/or modules. 274 27520100913: 276 The $ipv6_prefer variable in rc.conf(5) has been split into 277 $ip6addrctl_policy and $ipv6_activate_all_interfaces. 278 279 The $ip6addrctl_policy is a variable to choose a pre-defined 280 address selection policy set by ip6addrctl(8). A value 281 "ipv4_prefer", "ipv6_prefer" or "AUTO" can be specified. The 282 default is "AUTO". 283 284 The $ipv6_activate_all_interfaces specifies whether IFDISABLED 285 flag (see an entry of 20090926) is set on an interface with no 286 corresponding $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 line. The default is "NO" for 287 security reason. If you want IPv6 link-local address on all 288 interfaces by default, set this to "YES". 289 290 The old ipv6_prefer="YES" is equivalent to 291 ipv6_activate_all_interfaces="YES" and 292 ip6addrctl_policy="ipv6_prefer". 293 29420100913: 295 DTrace has grown support for userland tracing. Due to this, DTrace is 296 now i386 and amd64 only. 297 dtruss(1) is now installed by default on those systems and a new 298 kernel module is needed for userland tracing: fasttrap. 299 No changes to your kernel config file are necessary to enable 300 userland tracing, but you might consider adding 'STRIP=' and 301 'CFLAGS+=-fno-omit-frame-pointer' to your make.conf if you want 302 to have informative userland stack traces in DTrace (ustack). 303 30420100725: 305 The acpi_aiboost(4) driver has been removed in favor of the new 306 aibs(4) driver. You should update your kernel configuration file. 307 30820100722: 309 BSD grep has been imported to the base system and it is built by 310 default. It is completely BSD licensed, highly GNU-compatible, uses 311 less memory than its GNU counterpart and has a small codebase. 312 However, it is slower than its GNU counterpart, which is mostly 313 noticeable for larger searches, for smaller ones it is measurable 314 but not significant. The reason is complex, the most important factor 315 is that we lack a modern and efficient regex library and GNU 316 overcomes this by optimizing the searches internally. Future work 317 on improving the regex performance is planned, for the meantime, 318 users that need better performance, can build GNU grep instead by 319 setting the WITH_GNU_GREP knob. 320 32120100713: 322 Due to the import of powerpc64 support, all existing powerpc kernel 323 configuration files must be updated with a machine directive like this: 324 machine powerpc powerpc 325 326 In addition, an updated config(8) is required to build powerpc kernels 327 after this change. 328 32920100713: 330 A new version of ZFS (version 15) has been merged to -HEAD. 331 This version uses a python library for the following subcommands: 332 zfs allow, zfs unallow, zfs groupspace, zfs userspace. 333 For full functionality of these commands the following port must 334 be installed: sysutils/py-zfs 335 33620100429: 337 'vm_page's are now hashed by physical address to an array of mutexes. 338 Currently this is only used to serialize access to hold_count. Over 339 time the page queue mutex will be peeled away. This changes the size 340 of pmap on every architecture. And requires all callers of vm_page_hold 341 and vm_page_unhold to be updated. 342 34320100402: 344 WITH_CTF can now be specified in src.conf (not recommended, there 345 are some problems with static executables), make.conf (would also 346 affect ports which do not use GNU make and do not override the 347 compile targets) or in the kernel config (via "makeoptions 348 WITH_CTF=yes"). 349 When WITH_CTF was specified there before this was silently ignored, 350 so make sure that WITH_CTF is not used in places which could lead 351 to unwanted behavior. 352 35320100311: 354 The kernel option COMPAT_IA32 has been replaced with COMPAT_FREEBSD32 355 to allow 32-bit compatibility on non-x86 platforms. All kernel 356 configurations on amd64 and ia64 platforms using these options must 357 be modified accordingly. 358 35920100113: 360 The utmp user accounting database has been replaced with utmpx, 361 the user accounting interface standardized by POSIX. 362 Unfortunately the semantics of utmp and utmpx don't match, 363 making it practically impossible to support both interfaces. 364 The user accounting database is used by tools like finger(1), 365 last(1), talk(1), w(1) and ac(8). 366 367 All applications in the base system use utmpx. This means only 368 local binaries (e.g. from the ports tree) may still use these 369 utmp database files. These applications must be rebuilt to make 370 use of utmpx. 371 372 After the system has been upgraded, it is safe to remove the old 373 log files (/var/run/utmp, /var/log/lastlog and /var/log/wtmp*), 374 assuming their contents is of no importance anymore. Old wtmp 375 databases can only be used by last(1) and ac(8) after they have 376 been converted to the new format using wtmpcvt(1). 377 37820100108: 379 Introduce the kernel thread "deadlock resolver" (which can be enabled 380 via the DEADLKRES option, see NOTES for more details) and the 381 sleepq_type() function for sleepqueues. 382 38320091202: 384 The rc.firewall and rc.firewall6 were unified, and 385 rc.firewall6 and rc.d/ip6fw were removed. 386 According to the removal of rc.d/ip6fw, ipv6_firewall_* rc 387 variables are obsoleted. Instead, the following new rc 388 variables are added to rc.d/ipfw: 389 390 firewall_client_net_ipv6, firewall_simple_iif_ipv6, 391 firewall_simple_inet_ipv6, firewall_simple_oif_ipv6, 392 firewall_simple_onet_ipv6, firewall_trusted_ipv6 393 394 The meanings correspond to the relevant IPv4 variables. 395 39620091125: 397 8.0-RELEASE. 398 39920091113: 400 The default terminal emulation for syscons(4) has been changed 401 from cons25 to xterm on all platforms except pc98. This means 402 that the /etc/ttys file needs to be updated to ensure correct 403 operation of applications on the console. 404 405 The terminal emulation style can be toggled per window by using 406 vidcontrol(1)'s -T flag. The TEKEN_CONS25 kernel configuration 407 options can be used to change the compile-time default back to 408 cons25. 409 410 To prevent graphical artifacts, make sure the TERM environment 411 variable is set to match the terminal emulation that is being 412 performed by syscons(4). 413 41420091109: 415 The layout of the structure ieee80211req_scan_result has changed. 416 Applications that require wireless scan results (e.g. ifconfig(8)) 417 from net80211 need to be recompiled. 418 419 Applications such as wpa_supplicant(8) may require a full world 420 build without using NO_CLEAN in order to get synchronized with the 421 new structure. 422 42320091025: 424 The iwn(4) driver has been updated to support the 5000 and 5150 series. 425 There's one kernel module for each firmware. Adding "device iwnfw" 426 to the kernel configuration file means including all three firmware 427 images inside the kernel. If you want to include just the one for 428 your wireless card, use the the devices iwn4965fw, iwn5000fw or 429 iwn5150fw. 430 43120090926: 432 The rc.d/network_ipv6, IPv6 configuration script has been integrated 433 into rc.d/netif. The changes are the following: 434 435 1. To use IPv6, simply define $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 like $ifconfig_IF 436 for IPv4. For aliases, $ifconfig_IF_aliasN should be used. 437 Note that both variables need the "inet6" keyword at the head. 438 439 Do not set $ipv6_network_interfaces manually if you do not 440 understand what you are doing. It is not needed in most cases. 441 442 $ipv6_ifconfig_IF and $ipv6_ifconfig_IF_aliasN still work, but 443 they are obsolete. 444 445 2. $ipv6_enable is obsolete. Use $ipv6_prefer and 446 "inet6 accept_rtadv" keyword in ifconfig(8) instead. 447 448 If you define $ipv6_enable=YES, it means $ipv6_prefer=YES and 449 all configured interfaces have "inet6 accept_rtadv" in the 450 $ifconfig_IF_ipv6. These are for backward compatibility. 451 452 3. A new variable $ipv6_prefer has been added. If NO, IPv6 453 functionality of interfaces with no corresponding 454 $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 is disabled by using "inet6 ifdisabled" flag, 455 and the default address selection policy of ip6addrctl(8) 456 is the IPv4-preferred one (see rc.d/ip6addrctl for more details). 457 Note that if you want to configure IPv6 functionality on the 458 disabled interfaces after boot, first you need to clear the flag by 459 using ifconfig(8) like: 460 461 ifconfig em0 inet6 -ifdisabled 462 463 If YES, the default address selection policy is set as 464 IPv6-preferred. 465 466 The default value of $ipv6_prefer is NO. 467 468 4. If your system need to receive Router Advertisement messages, 469 define "inet6 accept_rtadv" in $ifconfig_IF_ipv6. The rc(8) 470 scripts automatically invoke rtsol(8) when the interface becomes 471 UP. The Router Advertisement messages are used for SLAAC 472 (State-Less Address AutoConfiguration). 473 47420090922: 475 802.11s D3.03 support was committed. This is incompatible with the 476 previous code, which was based on D3.0. 477 47820090912: 479 A sysctl variable net.inet6.ip6.accept_rtadv now sets the default value 480 of a per-interface flag ND6_IFF_ACCEPT_RTADV, not a global knob to 481 control whether accepting Router Advertisement messages or not. 482 Also, a per-interface flag ND6_IFF_AUTO_LINKLOCAL has been added and 483 a sysctl variable net.inet6.ip6.auto_linklocal is its default value. 484 The ifconfig(8) utility now supports these flags. 485 48620090910: 487 ZFS snapshots are now mounted with MNT_IGNORE flag. Use -v option for 488 mount(8) and -a option for df(1) to see them. 489 49020090825: 491 The old tunable hw.bus.devctl_disable has been superseded by 492 hw.bus.devctl_queue. hw.bus.devctl_disable=1 in loader.conf should be 493 replaced by hw.bus.devctl_queue=0. The default for this new tunable 494 is 1000. 495 49620090813: 497 Remove the option STOP_NMI. The default action is now to use NMI only 498 for KDB via the newly introduced function stop_cpus_hard() and 499 maintain stop_cpus() to just use a normal IPI_STOP on ia32 and amd64. 500 50120090803: 502 The stable/8 branch created in subversion. This corresponds to the 503 RELENG_8 branch in CVS. 504 50520090719: 506 Bump the shared library version numbers for all libraries that do not 507 use symbol versioning as part of the 8.0-RELEASE cycle. Bump 508 __FreeBSD_version to 800105. 509 51020090714: 511 Due to changes in the implementation of virtual network stack support, 512 all network-related kernel modules must be recompiled. As this change 513 breaks the ABI, bump __FreeBSD_version to 800104. 514 51520090713: 516 The TOE interface to the TCP syncache has been modified to remove 517 struct tcpopt (<netinet/tcp_var.h>) from the ABI of the network stack. 518 The cxgb driver is the only TOE consumer affected by this change, and 519 needs to be recompiled along with the kernel. As this change breaks 520 the ABI, bump __FreeBSD_version to 800103. 521 52220090712: 523 Padding has been added to struct tcpcb, sackhint and tcpstat in 524 <netinet/tcp_var.h> to facilitate future MFCs and bug fixes whilst 525 maintaining the ABI. However, this change breaks the ABI, so bump 526 __FreeBSD_version to 800102. User space tools that rely on the size of 527 any of these structs (e.g. sockstat) need to be recompiled. 528 52920090630: 530 The NFS_LEGACYRPC option has been removed along with the old kernel 531 RPC implementation that this option selected. Kernel configurations 532 may need to be adjusted. 533 53420090629: 535 The network interface device nodes at /dev/net/<interface> have been 536 removed. All ioctl operations can be performed the normal way using 537 routing sockets. The kqueue functionality can generally be replaced 538 with routing sockets. 539 54020090628: 541 The documentation from the FreeBSD Documentation Project (Handbook, 542 FAQ, etc.) is now installed via packages by sysinstall(8) and under 543 the /usr/local/share/doc/freebsd directory instead of /usr/share/doc. 544 54520090624: 546 The ABI of various structures related to the SYSV IPC API have been 547 changed. As a result, the COMPAT_FREEBSD[456] and COMPAT_43 kernel 548 options now all require COMPAT_FREEBSD7. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 549 800100. 550 55120090622: 552 Layout of struct vnet has changed as routing related variables were 553 moved to their own Vimage module. Modules need to be recompiled. Bump 554 __FreeBSD_version to 800099. 555 55620090619: 557 NGROUPS_MAX and NGROUPS have been increased from 16 to 1023 and 1024 558 respectively. As long as no more than 16 groups per process are used, 559 no changes should be visible. When more than 16 groups are used, old 560 binaries may fail if they call getgroups() or getgrouplist() with 561 statically sized storage. Recompiling will work around this, but 562 applications should be modified to use dynamically allocated storage 563 for group arrays as POSIX.1-2008 does not cap an implementation's 564 number of supported groups at NGROUPS_MAX+1 as previous versions did. 565 566 NFS and portalfs mounts may also be affected as the list of groups is 567 truncated to 16. Users of NFS who use more than 16 groups, should 568 take care that negative group permissions are not used on the exported 569 file systems as they will not be reliable unless a GSSAPI based 570 authentication method is used. 571 57220090616: 573 The compiling option ADAPTIVE_LOCKMGRS has been introduced. This 574 option compiles in the support for adaptive spinning for lockmgrs 575 which want to enable it. The lockinit() function now accepts the flag 576 LK_ADAPTIVE in order to make the lock object subject to adaptive 577 spinning when both held in write and read mode. 578 57920090613: 580 The layout of the structure returned by IEEE80211_IOC_STA_INFO has 581 changed. User applications that use this ioctl need to be rebuilt. 582 58320090611: 584 The layout of struct thread has changed. Kernel and modules need to 585 be rebuilt. 586 58720090608: 588 The layout of structs ifnet, domain, protosw and vnet_net has changed. 589 Kernel modules need to be rebuilt. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800097. 590 59120090602: 592 window(1) has been removed from the base system. It can now be 593 installed from ports. The port is called misc/window. 594 59520090601: 596 The way we are storing and accessing `routing table' entries has 597 changed. Programs reading the FIB, like netstat, need to be 598 re-compiled. 599 60020090601: 601 A new netisr implementation has been added for FreeBSD 8. Network 602 file system modules, such as igmp, ipdivert, and others, should be 603 rebuilt. 604 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800096. 605 60620090530: 607 Remove the tunable/sysctl debug.mpsafevfs as its initial purpose is no 608 more valid. 609 61020090530: 611 Add VOP_ACCESSX(9). File system modules need to be rebuilt. 612 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800094. 613 61420090529: 615 Add mnt_xflag field to 'struct mount'. File system modules need to be 616 rebuilt. 617 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800093. 618 61920090528: 620 The compiling option ADAPTIVE_SX has been retired while it has been 621 introduced the option NO_ADAPTIVE_SX which handles the reversed logic. 622 The KPI for sx_init_flags() changes as accepting flags: 623 SX_ADAPTIVESPIN flag has been retired while the SX_NOADAPTIVE flag has 624 been introduced in order to handle the reversed logic. 625 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800092. 626 62720090527: 628 Add support for hierarchical jails. Remove global securelevel. 629 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800091. 630 63120090523: 632 The layout of struct vnet_net has changed, therefore modules 633 need to be rebuilt. 634 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800090. 635 63620090523: 637 The newly imported zic(8) produces a new format in the output. Please 638 run tzsetup(8) to install the newly created data to /etc/localtime. 639 64020090520: 641 The sysctl tree for the usb stack has renamed from hw.usb2.* to 642 hw.usb.* and is now consistent again with previous releases. 643 64420090520: 645 802.11 monitor mode support was revised and driver api's were changed. 646 Drivers dependent on net80211 now support DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO instead 647 of DLT_IEEE802_11. No user-visible data structures were changed but 648 applications that use DLT_IEEE802_11 may require changes. 649 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800088. 650 65120090430: 652 The layout of the following structs has changed: sysctl_oid, 653 socket, ifnet, inpcbinfo, tcpcb, syncache_head, vnet_inet, 654 vnet_inet6 and vnet_ipfw. Most modules need to be rebuild or 655 panics may be experienced. World rebuild is required for 656 correctly checking networking state from userland. 657 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800085. 658 65920090429: 660 MLDv2 and Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) have been merged 661 to the IPv6 stack. VIMAGE hooks are in but not yet used. 662 The implementation of SSM within FreeBSD's IPv6 stack closely 663 follows the IPv4 implementation. 664 665 For kernel developers: 666 667 * The most important changes are that the ip6_output() and 668 ip6_input() paths no longer take the IN6_MULTI_LOCK, 669 and this lock has been downgraded to a non-recursive mutex. 670 671 * As with the changes to the IPv4 stack to support SSM, filtering 672 of inbound multicast traffic must now be performed by transport 673 protocols within the IPv6 stack. This does not apply to TCP and 674 SCTP, however, it does apply to UDP in IPv6 and raw IPv6. 675 676 * The KPIs used by IPv6 multicast are similar to those used by 677 the IPv4 stack, with the following differences: 678 * im6o_mc_filter() is analogous to imo_multicast_filter(). 679 * The legacy KAME entry points in6_joingroup and in6_leavegroup() 680 are shimmed to in6_mc_join() and in6_mc_leave() respectively. 681 * IN6_LOOKUP_MULTI() has been deprecated and removed. 682 * IPv6 relies on MLD for the DAD mechanism. KAME's internal KPIs 683 for MLDv1 have an additional 'timer' argument which is used to 684 jitter the initial membership report for the solicited-node 685 multicast membership on-link. 686 * This is not strictly needed for MLDv2, which already jitters 687 its report transmissions. However, the 'timer' argument is 688 preserved in case MLDv1 is active on the interface. 689 690 * The KAME linked-list based IPv6 membership implementation has 691 been refactored to use a vector similar to that used by the IPv4 692 stack. 693 Code which maintains a list of its own multicast memberships 694 internally, e.g. carp, has been updated to reflect the new 695 semantics. 696 697 * There is a known Lock Order Reversal (LOR) due to in6_setscope() 698 acquiring the IF_AFDATA_LOCK and being called within ip6_output(). 699 Whilst MLDv2 tries to avoid this otherwise benign LOR, it is an 700 implementation constraint which needs to be addressed in HEAD. 701 702 For application developers: 703 704 * The changes are broadly similar to those made for the IPv4 705 stack. 706 707 * The use of IPv4 and IPv6 multicast socket options on the same 708 socket, using mapped addresses, HAS NOT been tested or supported. 709 710 * There are a number of issues with the implementation of various 711 IPv6 multicast APIs which need to be resolved in the API surface 712 before the implementation is fully compatible with KAME userland 713 use, and these are mostly to do with interface index treatment. 714 715 * The literature available discusses the use of either the delta / ASM 716 API with setsockopt(2)/getsockopt(2), or the full-state / ASM API 717 using setsourcefilter(3)/getsourcefilter(3). For more information 718 please refer to RFC 3768, 'Socket Interface Extensions for 719 Multicast Source Filters'. 720 721 * Applications which use the published RFC 3678 APIs should be fine. 722 723 For systems administrators: 724 725 * The mtest(8) utility has been refactored to support IPv6, in 726 addition to IPv4. Interface addresses are no longer accepted 727 as arguments, their names must be used instead. The utility 728 will map the interface name to its first IPv4 address as 729 returned by getifaddrs(3). 730 731 * The ifmcstat(8) utility has also been updated to print the MLDv2 732 endpoint state and source filter lists via sysctl(3). 733 734 * The net.inet6.ip6.mcast.loop sysctl may be tuned to 0 to disable 735 loopback of IPv6 multicast datagrams by default; it defaults to 1 736 to preserve the existing behaviour. Disabling multicast loopback is 737 recommended for optimal system performance. 738 739 * The IPv6 MROUTING code has been changed to examine this sysctl 740 instead of attempting to perform a group lookup before looping 741 back forwarded datagrams. 742 743 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800084. 744 74520090422: 746 Implement low-level Bluetooth HCI API. 747 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800083. 748 74920090419: 750 The layout of struct malloc_type, used by modules to register new 751 memory allocation types, has changed. Most modules will need to 752 be rebuilt or panics may be experienced. 753 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800081. 754 75520090415: 756 Anticipate overflowing inp_flags - add inp_flags2. 757 This changes most offsets in inpcb, so checking v4 connection 758 state will require a world rebuild. 759 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800080. 760 76120090415: 762 Add an llentry to struct route and struct route_in6. Modules 763 embedding a struct route will need to be recompiled. 764 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800079. 765 76620090414: 767 The size of rt_metrics_lite and by extension rtentry has changed. 768 Networking administration apps will need to be recompiled. 769 The route command now supports show as an alias for get, weighting 770 of routes, sticky and nostick flags to alter the behavior of stateful 771 load balancing. 772 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800078. 773 77420090408: 775 Do not use Giant for kbdmux(4) locking. This is wrong and 776 apparently causing more problems than it solves. This will 777 re-open the issue where interrupt handlers may race with 778 kbdmux(4) in polling mode. Typical symptoms include (but 779 not limited to) duplicated and/or missing characters when 780 low level console functions (such as gets) are used while 781 interrupts are enabled (for example geli password prompt, 782 mountroot prompt etc.). Disabling kbdmux(4) may help. 783 78420090407: 785 The size of structs vnet_net, vnet_inet and vnet_ipfw has changed; 786 kernel modules referencing any of the above need to be recompiled. 787 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800075. 788 78920090320: 790 GEOM_PART has become the default partition slicer for storage devices, 791 replacing GEOM_MBR, GEOM_BSD, GEOM_PC98 and GEOM_GPT slicers. It 792 introduces some changes: 793 794 MSDOS/EBR: the devices created from MSDOS extended partition entries 795 (EBR) can be named differently than with GEOM_MBR and are now symlinks 796 to devices with offset-based names. fstabs may need to be modified. 797 798 BSD: the "geometry does not match label" warning is harmless in most 799 cases but it points to problems in file system misalignment with 800 disk geometry. The "c" partition is now implicit, covers the whole 801 top-level drive and cannot be (mis)used by users. 802 803 General: Kernel dumps are now not allowed to be written to devices 804 whose partition types indicate they are meant to be used for file 805 systems (or, in case of MSDOS partitions, as something else than 806 the "386BSD" type). 807 808 Most of these changes date approximately from 200812. 809 81020090319: 811 The uscanner(4) driver has been removed from the kernel. This follows 812 Linux removing theirs in 2.6 and making libusb the default interface 813 (supported by sane). 814 81520090319: 816 The multicast forwarding code has been cleaned up. netstat(1) 817 only relies on KVM now for printing bandwidth upcall meters. 818 The IPv4 and IPv6 modules are split into ip_mroute_mod and 819 ip6_mroute_mod respectively. The config(5) options for statically 820 compiling this code remain the same, i.e. 'options MROUTING'. 821 82220090315: 823 Support for the IFF_NEEDSGIANT network interface flag has been 824 removed, which means that non-MPSAFE network device drivers are no 825 longer supported. In particular, if_ar, if_sr, and network device 826 drivers from the old (legacy) USB stack can no longer be built or 827 used. 828 82920090313: 830 POSIX.1 Native Language Support (NLS) has been enabled in libc and 831 a bunch of new language catalog files have also been added. 832 This means that some common libc messages are now localized and 833 they depend on the LC_MESSAGES environmental variable. 834 83520090313: 836 The k8temp(4) driver has been renamed to amdtemp(4) since 837 support for Family 10 and Family 11 CPU families was added. 838 83920090309: 840 IGMPv3 and Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) have been merged 841 to the IPv4 stack. VIMAGE hooks are in but not yet used. 842 843 For kernel developers, the most important changes are that the 844 ip_output() and ip_input() paths no longer take the IN_MULTI_LOCK(), 845 and this lock has been downgraded to a non-recursive mutex. 846 847 Transport protocols (UDP, Raw IP) are now responsible for filtering 848 inbound multicast traffic according to group membership and source 849 filters. The imo_multicast_filter() KPI exists for this purpose. 850 Transports which do not use multicast (SCTP, TCP) already reject 851 multicast by default. Forwarding and receive performance may improve 852 as a mutex acquisition is no longer needed in the ip_input() 853 low-level input path. in_addmulti() and in_delmulti() are shimmed 854 to new KPIs which exist to support SSM in-kernel. 855 856 For application developers, it is recommended that loopback of 857 multicast datagrams be disabled for best performance, as this 858 will still cause the lock to be taken for each looped-back 859 datagram transmission. The net.inet.ip.mcast.loop sysctl may 860 be tuned to 0 to disable loopback by default; it defaults to 1 861 to preserve the existing behaviour. 862 863 For systems administrators, to obtain best performance with 864 multicast reception and multiple groups, it is always recommended 865 that a card with a suitably precise hash filter is used. Hash 866 collisions will still result in the lock being taken within the 867 transport protocol input path to check group membership. 868 869 If deploying FreeBSD in an environment with IGMP snooping switches, 870 it is recommended that the net.inet.igmp.sendlocal sysctl remain 871 enabled; this forces 224.0.0.0/24 group membership to be announced 872 via IGMP. 873 874 The size of 'struct igmpstat' has changed; netstat needs to be 875 recompiled to reflect this. 876 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800070. 877 87820090309: 879 libusb20.so.1 is now installed as libusb.so.1 and the ports system 880 updated to use it. This requires a buildworld/installworld in order to 881 update the library and dependencies (usbconfig, etc). Its advisable to 882 rebuild all ports which uses libusb. More specific directions are given 883 in the ports collection UPDATING file. Any /etc/libmap.conf entries for 884 libusb are no longer required and can be removed. 885 88620090302: 887 A workaround is committed to allow the creation of System V shared 888 memory segment of size > 2 GB on the 64-bit architectures. 889 Due to a limitation of the existing ABI, the shm_segsz member 890 of the struct shmid_ds, returned by shmctl(IPC_STAT) call is 891 wrong for large segments. Note that limits must be explicitly 892 raised to allow such segments to be created. 893 89420090301: 895 The layout of struct ifnet has changed, requiring a rebuild of all 896 network device driver modules. 897 89820090227: 899 The /dev handling for the new USB stack has changed, a 900 buildworld/installworld is required for libusb20. 901 90220090223: 903 The new USB2 stack has now been permanently moved in and all kernel and 904 module names reverted to their previous values (eg, usb, ehci, ohci, 905 ums, ...). The old usb stack can be compiled in by prefixing the name 906 with the letter 'o', the old usb modules have been removed. 907 Updating entry 20090216 for xorg and 20090215 for libmap may still 908 apply. 909 91020090217: 911 The rc.conf(5) option if_up_delay has been renamed to 912 defaultroute_delay to better reflect its purpose. If you have 913 customized this setting in /etc/rc.conf you need to update it to 914 use the new name. 915 91620090216: 917 xorg 7.4 wants to configure its input devices via hald which does not 918 yet work with USB2. If the keyboard/mouse does not work in xorg then 919 add 920 Option "AllowEmptyInput" "off" 921 to your ServerLayout section. This will cause X to use the configured 922 kbd and mouse sections from your xorg.conf. 923 92420090215: 925 The GENERIC kernels for all architectures now default to the new USB2 926 stack. No kernel config options or code have been removed so if a 927 problem arises please report it and optionally revert to the old USB 928 stack. If you are loading USB kernel modules or have a custom kernel 929 that includes GENERIC then ensure that usb names are also changed over, 930 eg uftdi -> usb2_serial_ftdi. 931 932 Older programs linked against the ports libusb 0.1 need to be 933 redirected to the new stack's libusb20. /etc/libmap.conf can 934 be used for this: 935 # Map old usb library to new one for usb2 stack 936 libusb-0.1.so.8 libusb20.so.1 937 93820090209: 939 All USB ethernet devices now attach as interfaces under the name ueN 940 (eg. ue0). This is to provide a predictable name as vendors often 941 change usb chipsets in a product without notice. 942 94320090203: 944 The ichsmb(4) driver has been changed to require SMBus slave 945 addresses be left-justified (xxxxxxx0b) rather than right-justified. 946 All of the other SMBus controller drivers require left-justified 947 slave addresses, so this change makes all the drivers provide the 948 same interface. 949 95020090201: 951 INET6 statistics (struct ip6stat) was updated. 952 netstat(1) needs to be recompiled. 953 95420090119: 955 NTFS has been removed from GENERIC kernel on amd64 to match 956 GENERIC on i386. Should not cause any issues since mount_ntfs(8) 957 will load ntfs.ko module automatically when NTFS support is 958 actually needed, unless ntfs.ko is not installed or security 959 level prohibits loading kernel modules. If either is the case, 960 "options NTFS" has to be added into kernel config. 961 96220090115: 963 TCP Appropriate Byte Counting (RFC 3465) support added to kernel. 964 New field in struct tcpcb breaks ABI, so bump __FreeBSD_version to 965 800061. User space tools that rely on the size of struct tcpcb in 966 tcp_var.h (e.g. sockstat) need to be recompiled. 967 96820081225: 969 ng_tty(4) module updated to match the new TTY subsystem. 970 Due to API change, user-level applications must be updated. 971 New API support added to mpd5 CVS and expected to be present 972 in next mpd5.3 release. 973 97420081219: 975 With __FreeBSD_version 800060 the makefs tool is part of 976 the base system (it was a port). 977 97820081216: 979 The afdata and ifnet locks have been changed from mutexes to 980 rwlocks, network modules will need to be re-compiled. 981 98220081214: 983 __FreeBSD_version 800059 incorporates the new arp-v2 rewrite. 984 RTF_CLONING, RTF_LLINFO and RTF_WASCLONED flags are eliminated. 985 The new code reduced struct rtentry{} by 16 bytes on 32-bit 986 architecture and 40 bytes on 64-bit architecture. The userland 987 applications "arp" and "ndp" have been updated accordingly. 988 The output from "netstat -r" shows only routing entries and 989 none of the L2 information. 990 99120081130: 992 __FreeBSD_version 800057 marks the switchover from the 993 binary ath hal to source code. Users must add the line: 994 995 options AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 996 997 to their kernel config files when specifying: 998 999 device ath_hal 1000 1001 The ath_hal module no longer exists; the code is now compiled 1002 together with the driver in the ath module. It is now 1003 possible to tailor chip support (i.e. reduce the set of chips 1004 and thereby the code size); consult ath_hal(4) for details. 1005 100620081121: 1007 __FreeBSD_version 800054 adds memory barriers to 1008 <machine/atomic.h>, new interfaces to ifnet to facilitate 1009 multiple hardware transmit queues for cards that support 1010 them, and a lock-less ring-buffer implementation to 1011 enable drivers to more efficiently manage queueing of 1012 packets. 1013 101420081117: 1015 A new version of ZFS (version 13) has been merged to -HEAD. 1016 This version has zpool attribute "listsnapshots" off by 1017 default, which means "zfs list" does not show snapshots, 1018 and is the same as Solaris behavior. 1019 102020081028: 1021 dummynet(4) ABI has changed. ipfw(8) needs to be recompiled. 1022 102320081009: 1024 The uhci, ohci, ehci and slhci USB Host controller drivers have 1025 been put into separate modules. If you load the usb module 1026 separately through loader.conf you will need to load the 1027 appropriate *hci module as well. E.g. for a UHCI-based USB 2.0 1028 controller add the following to loader.conf: 1029 1030 uhci_load="YES" 1031 ehci_load="YES" 1032 103320081009: 1034 The ABI used by the PMC toolset has changed. Please keep 1035 userland (libpmc(3)) and the kernel module (hwpmc(4)) in 1036 sync. 1037 103820081009: 1039 atapci kernel module now includes only generic PCI ATA 1040 driver. AHCI driver moved to ataahci kernel module. 1041 All vendor-specific code moved into separate kernel modules: 1042 ataacard, ataacerlabs, ataadaptec, ataamd, ataati, atacenatek, 1043 atacypress, atacyrix, atahighpoint, ataintel, ataite, atajmicron, 1044 atamarvell, atamicron, atanational, atanetcell, atanvidia, 1045 atapromise, ataserverworks, atasiliconimage, atasis, atavia 1046 104720080820: 1048 The TTY subsystem of the kernel has been replaced by a new 1049 implementation, which provides better scalability and an 1050 improved driver model. Most common drivers have been migrated to 1051 the new TTY subsystem, while others have not. The following 1052 drivers have not yet been ported to the new TTY layer: 1053 1054 PCI/ISA: 1055 cy, digi, rc, rp, sio 1056 1057 USB: 1058 ubser, ucycom 1059 1060 Line disciplines: 1061 ng_h4, ng_tty, ppp, sl, snp 1062 1063 Adding these drivers to your kernel configuration file shall 1064 cause compilation to fail. 1065 106620080818: 1067 ntpd has been upgraded to 4.2.4p5. 1068 106920080801: 1070 OpenSSH has been upgraded to 5.1p1. 1071 1072 For many years, FreeBSD's version of OpenSSH preferred DSA 1073 over RSA for host and user authentication keys. With this 1074 upgrade, we've switched to the vendor's default of RSA over 1075 DSA. This may cause upgraded clients to warn about unknown 1076 host keys even for previously known hosts. Users should 1077 follow the usual procedure for verifying host keys before 1078 accepting the RSA key. 1079 1080 This can be circumvented by setting the "HostKeyAlgorithms" 1081 option to "ssh-dss,ssh-rsa" in ~/.ssh/config or on the ssh 1082 command line. 1083 1084 Please note that the sequence of keys offered for 1085 authentication has been changed as well. You may want to 1086 specify IdentityFile in a different order to revert this 1087 behavior. 1088 108920080713: 1090 The sio(4) driver has been removed from the i386 and amd64 1091 kernel configuration files. This means uart(4) is now the 1092 default serial port driver on those platforms as well. 1093 1094 To prevent collisions with the sio(4) driver, the uart(4) driver 1095 uses different names for its device nodes. This means the 1096 onboard serial port will now most likely be called "ttyu0" 1097 instead of "ttyd0". You may need to reconfigure applications to 1098 use the new device names. 1099 1100 When using the serial port as a boot console, be sure to update 1101 /boot/device.hints and /etc/ttys before booting the new kernel. 1102 If you forget to do so, you can still manually specify the hints 1103 at the loader prompt: 1104 1105 set hint.uart.0.at="isa" 1106 set hint.uart.0.port="0x3F8" 1107 set hint.uart.0.flags="0x10" 1108 set hint.uart.0.irq="4" 1109 boot -s 1110 111120080609: 1112 The gpt(8) utility has been removed. Use gpart(8) to partition 1113 disks instead. 1114 111520080603: 1116 The version that Linuxulator emulates was changed from 2.4.2 1117 to 2.6.16. If you experience any problems with Linux binaries 1118 please try to set sysctl compat.linux.osrelease to 2.4.2 and 1119 if it fixes the problem contact emulation mailing list. 1120 112120080525: 1122 ISDN4BSD (I4B) was removed from the src tree. You may need to 1123 update a your kernel configuration and remove relevant entries. 1124 112520080509: 1126 I have checked in code to support multiple routing tables. 1127 See the man pages setfib(1) and setfib(2). 1128 This is a hopefully backwards compatible version, 1129 but to make use of it you need to compile your kernel 1130 with options ROUTETABLES=2 (or more up to 16). 1131 113220080420: 1133 The 802.11 wireless support was redone to enable multi-bss 1134 operation on devices that are capable. The underlying device 1135 is no longer used directly but instead wlanX devices are 1136 cloned with ifconfig. This requires changes to rc.conf files. 1137 For example, change: 1138 ifconfig_ath0="WPA DHCP" 1139 to 1140 wlans_ath0=wlan0 1141 ifconfig_wlan0="WPA DHCP" 1142 see rc.conf(5) for more details. In addition, mergemaster of 1143 /etc/rc.d is highly recommended. Simultaneous update of userland 1144 and kernel wouldn't hurt either. 1145 1146 As part of the multi-bss changes the wlan_scan_ap and wlan_scan_sta 1147 modules were merged into the base wlan module. All references 1148 to these modules (e.g. in kernel config files) must be removed. 1149 115020080408: 1151 psm(4) has gained write(2) support in native operation level. 1152 Arbitrary commands can be written to /dev/psm%d and status can 1153 be read back from it. Therefore, an application is responsible 1154 for status validation and error recovery. It is a no-op in 1155 other operation levels. 1156 115720080312: 1158 Support for KSE threading has been removed from the kernel. To 1159 run legacy applications linked against KSE libmap.conf may 1160 be used. The following libmap.conf may be used to ensure 1161 compatibility with any prior release: 1162 1163 libpthread.so.1 libthr.so.1 1164 libpthread.so.2 libthr.so.2 1165 libkse.so.3 libthr.so.3 1166 116720080301: 1168 The layout of struct vmspace has changed. This affects libkvm 1169 and any executables that link against libkvm and use the 1170 kvm_getprocs() function. In particular, but not exclusively, 1171 it affects ps(1), fstat(1), pkill(1), systat(1), top(1) and w(1). 1172 The effects are minimal, but it's advisable to upgrade world 1173 nonetheless. 1174 117520080229: 1176 The latest em driver no longer has support in it for the 1177 82575 adapter, this is now moved to the igb driver. The 1178 split was done to make new features that are incompatible 1179 with older hardware easier to do. 1180 118120080220: 1182 The new geom_lvm(4) geom class has been renamed to geom_linux_lvm(4), 1183 likewise the kernel option is now GEOM_LINUX_LVM. 1184 118520080211: 1186 The default NFS mount mode has changed from UDP to TCP for 1187 increased reliability. If you rely on (insecurely) NFS 1188 mounting across a firewall you may need to update your 1189 firewall rules. 1190 119120080208: 1192 Belatedly note the addition of m_collapse for compacting 1193 mbuf chains. 1194 119520080126: 1196 The fts(3) structures have been changed to use adequate 1197 integer types for their members and so to be able to cope 1198 with huge file trees. The old fts(3) ABI is preserved 1199 through symbol versioning in libc, so third-party binaries 1200 using fts(3) should still work, although they will not take 1201 advantage of the extended types. At the same time, some 1202 third-party software might fail to build after this change 1203 due to unportable assumptions made in its source code about 1204 fts(3) structure members. Such software should be fixed 1205 by its vendor or, in the worst case, in the ports tree. 1206 FreeBSD_version 800015 marks this change for the unlikely 1207 case that a portable fix is impossible. 1208 120920080123: 1210 To upgrade to -current after this date, you must be running 1211 FreeBSD not older than 6.0-RELEASE. Upgrading to -current 1212 from 5.x now requires a stop over at RELENG_6 or RELENG_7 systems. 1213 121420071128: 1215 The ADAPTIVE_GIANT kernel option has been retired because its 1216 functionality is the default now. 1217 121820071118: 1219 The AT keyboard emulation of sunkbd(4) has been turned on 1220 by default. In order to make the special symbols of the Sun 1221 keyboards driven by sunkbd(4) work under X these now have 1222 to be configured the same way as Sun USB keyboards driven 1223 by ukbd(4) (which also does AT keyboard emulation), f.e.: 1224 1225 Option "XkbLayout" "us" 1226 Option "XkbRules" "xorg" 1227 Option "XkbSymbols" "pc(pc105)+sun_vndr/usb(sun_usb)+us" 1228 122920071024: 1230 It has been decided that it is desirable to provide ABI 1231 backwards compatibility to the FreeBSD 4/5/6 versions of the 1232 PCIOCGETCONF, PCIOCREAD and PCIOCWRITE IOCTLs, which was 1233 broken with the introduction of PCI domain support (see the 1234 20070930 entry). Unfortunately, this required the ABI of 1235 PCIOCGETCONF to be broken again in order to be able to 1236 provide backwards compatibility to the old version of that 1237 IOCTL. Thus consumers of PCIOCGETCONF have to be recompiled 1238 again. As for prominent ports this affects neither pciutils 1239 nor xorg-server this time, the hal port needs to be rebuilt 1240 however. 1241 124220071020: 1243 The misnamed kthread_create() and friends have been renamed 1244 to kproc_create() etc. Many of the callers already 1245 used kproc_start().. 1246 I will return kthread_create() and friends in a while 1247 with implementations that actually create threads, not procs. 1248 Renaming corresponds with version 800002. 1249 125020071010: 1251 RELENG_7 branched. 1252 1253COMMON ITEMS: 1254 1255 General Notes 1256 ------------- 1257 Avoid using make -j when upgrading. While generally safe, there are 1258 sometimes problems using -j to upgrade. If your upgrade fails with 1259 -j, please try again without -j. From time to time in the past there 1260 have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or installworld. This 1261 is especially true when upgrading between "distant" versions (eg one 1262 that cross a major release boundary or several minor releases, or when 1263 several months have passed on the -current branch). 1264 1265 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment 1266 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its 1267 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run 1268 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make 1269 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details. 1270 1271 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best 1272 to upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, 1273 then do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade 1274 path, and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try 1275 this approach before reporting problems with a major version upgrade. 1276 1277 ZFS notes 1278 --------- 1279 When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow 1280 these two steps: 1281 1282 1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block 1283 (this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld") 1284 1285 2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive 1286 1287 The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the first 1288 partition (freebsd-boot) of a GPT partitioned drive ad0: 1289 "gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ad0" 1290 1291 Non-boot pools do not need these updates. 1292 1293 To build a kernel 1294 ----------------- 1295 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just 1296 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most 1297 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld, 1298 1299 make kernel-toolchain 1300 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1301 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1302 1303 To test a kernel once 1304 --------------------- 1305 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure 1306 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide 1307 debugging information) run 1308 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel 1309 nextboot -k testkernel 1310 1311 To just build a kernel when you know that it won't mess you up 1312 -------------------------------------------------------------- 1313 This assumes you are already running a CURRENT system. Replace 1314 ${arch} with the architecture of your machine (e.g. "i386", 1315 "arm", "amd64", "ia64", "pc98", "sparc64", "powerpc", "mips", etc). 1316 1317 cd src/sys/${arch}/conf 1318 config KERNEL_NAME_HERE 1319 cd ../compile/KERNEL_NAME_HERE 1320 make depend 1321 make 1322 make install 1323 1324 If this fails, go to the "To build a kernel" section. 1325 1326 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system. 1327 ----------------------------------------------------------- 1328 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than 1329 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current. 1330 1331 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 1332 make buildworld 1333 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1334 [1] 1335 <reboot in single user> [3] 1336 mergemaster -p [5] 1337 make installworld 1338 mergemaster -i [4] 1339 make delete-old [6] 1340 <reboot> 1341 1342 1343 To cross-install current onto a separate partition 1344 -------------------------------------------------- 1345 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold 1346 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition 1347 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in 1348 # size. 1349 1350 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 1351 <boot into -stable> 1352 make buildworld 1353 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1354 <maybe newfs current's root partition> 1355 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}> 1356 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 1357 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd 1358 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 1359 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd 1360 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition> 1361 <reboot into current> 1362 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section> 1363 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*> 1364 <reboot> 1365 1366 1367 To upgrade in-place from 8.x-stable to current 1368 ---------------------------------------------- 1369 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 1370 make buildworld [9] 1371 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8] 1372 [1] 1373 <reboot in single user> [3] 1374 mergemaster -p [5] 1375 make installworld 1376 mergemaster -i [4] 1377 make delete-old [6] 1378 <reboot> 1379 1380 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the 1381 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life 1382 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own 1383 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of 1384 the UPDATING entries. 1385 1386 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to 1387 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update 1388 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent 1389 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has 1390 much fewer pitfalls. 1391 1392 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you 1393 should disable them at this point so they don't crash your 1394 system on reboot. 1395 1396 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do 1397 fsck -p 1398 mount -u / 1399 mount -a 1400 cd src 1401 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time 1402 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that 1403 you boot into single user mode to do the installworld. 1404 1405 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step 1406 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the 1407 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those 1408 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well 1409 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists 1410 for potential gotchas. The -U option is also useful to consider. 1411 See mergemaster(8) for more information. 1412 1413 [5] Usually this step is a noop. However, from time to time 1414 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following 1415 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to 1416 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make 1417 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated 1418 from current before 20020224 or from -stable before 20020408. 1419 1420 [6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries 1421 can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make 1422 sure that no program is using those libraries anymore. 1423 1424 [8] In order to have a kernel that can run the 4.x binaries needed to 1425 do an installworld, you must include the COMPAT_FREEBSD4 option in 1426 your kernel. Failure to do so may leave you with a system that is 1427 hard to boot to recover. A similar kernel option COMPAT_FREEBSD5 is 1428 required to run the 5.x binaries on more recent kernels. And so on 1429 for COMPAT_FREEBSD6 and COMPAT_FREEBSD7. 1430 1431 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the 1432 last time you updated your kernel config file. 1433 1434 [9] When checking out sources, you must include the -P flag to have 1435 cvs prune empty directories. 1436 1437 If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the 1438 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can 1439 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to. 1440 1441 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and 1442 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will 1443 warn if it is improperly defined. 1444FORMAT: 1445 1446This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major 1447breakages in tracking -current. Not all things will be listed here, 1448and it only starts on October 16, 2004. Updating files can found in 1449previous releases if your system is older than this. 1450 1451Copyright information: 1452 1453Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh. All Rights Reserved. 1454 1455Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without 1456modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this 1457document are permitted without further permission from the author. 1458 1459THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 1460IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 1461WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE 1462DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, 1463INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES 1464(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR 1465SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 1466HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, 1467STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING 1468IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 1469POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 1470 1471Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of 1472this document. 1473 1474$FreeBSD: head/UPDATING 223637 2011-06-28 11:57:25Z bz $ 1475