UPDATING revision 220187
1Updating Information for FreeBSD current users 2 3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>. 4See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the 5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you 6basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD 7handbook. 8 9Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in 10/usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before running portupgrade. 11 12NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 9.x IS SLOW: 13 FreeBSD 9.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel 14 and userland. These features attempt to detect incorrect use of 15 system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity 16 checking and fail stop semantics. They also substantially impact 17 system performance. If you want to do performance measurement, 18 benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off. This 19 includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc 20 debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the 21 kernel. Many developers choose to disable these features on build 22 machines to maximize performance. (To disable malloc debugging, run 23 ln -s aj /etc/malloc.conf.) 24 2520110331: 26 ath(4) has been split into bus- and device- modules. if_ath contains 27 the HAL, the TX rate control and the network device code. if_ath_pci 28 contains the PCI bus glue. For Atheros MIPS embedded systems, if_ath_ahb 29 contains the AHB glue. Users need to load both if_ath_pci and if_ath 30 in order to use ath on everything else. 31 32 TO REPEAT: if_ath_ahb is not needed for normal users. Normal users only 33 need to load if_ath and if_ath_pci for ath(4) operation. 34 3520110218: 36 GNU binutils 2.17.50 (as of 2007-07-03) has been merged to -HEAD. This 37 is the last available version under GPLv2. It brings a number of new 38 features, such as support for newer x86 CPU's (with SSE-3, SSSE-3, SSE 39 4.1 and SSE 4.2), better support for powerpc64, a number of new 40 directives, and lots of other small improvements. See the ChangeLog 41 file in contrib/binutils for the full details. 42 4320110218: 44 IPsec's HMAC_SHA256-512 support has been fixed to be RFC4868 45 compliant, and will now use half of hash for authentication. 46 This will break interoperability with all stacks (including all 47 actual FreeBSD versions) who implement 48 draft-ietf-ipsec-ciph-sha-256-00 (they use 96 bits of hash for 49 authentication). 50 The only workaround with such peers is to use another HMAC 51 algorithm for IPsec ("phase 2") authentication. 52 5320110207: 54 Remove the uio_yield prototype and symbol. This function has 55 been misnamed since it was introduced and should not be 56 globally exposed with this name. The equivalent functionality 57 is now available using kern_yield(curthread->td_user_pri). 58 The function remains undocumented. 59 6020110112: 61 A SYSCTL_[ADD_]UQUAD was added for unsigned uint64_t pointers, 62 symmetric with the existing SYSCTL_[ADD_]QUAD. Type checking 63 for scalar sysctls is defined but disabled. Code that needs 64 UQUAD to pass the type checking that must compile on older 65 systems where the define is not present can check against 66 __FreeBSD_version >= 900030. 67 68 The system dialog(1) has been replaced with a new version previously 69 in ports as devel/cdialog. dialog(1) is mostly command-line compatible 70 with the previous version, but the libdialog associated with it has 71 a largely incompatible API. As such, the original version of libdialog 72 will be kept temporarily as libodialog, until its base system consumers 73 are replaced or updated. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900030. 74 7520110103: 76 If you are trying to run make universe on a -stable system, and you get 77 the following warning: 78 "Makefile", line 356: "Target architecture for i386/conf/GENERIC 79 unknown. config(8) likely too old." 80 or something similar to it, then you must upgrade your -stable system 81 to 8.2-Release or newer (really, any time after r210146 7/15/2010 in 82 stable/8) or build the config from the latest stable/8 branch and 83 install it on your system. 84 85 Prior to this date, building a current universe on 8-stable system from 86 between 7/15/2010 and 1/2/2011 would result in a weird shell parsing 87 error in the first kernel build phase. A new config on those old 88 systems will fix that problem for older versions of -current. 89 9020101228: 91 The TCP stack has been modified to allow Khelp modules to interact with 92 it via helper hook points and store per-connection data in the TCP 93 control block. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900029. User space tools that 94 rely on the size of struct tcpcb in tcp_var.h (e.g. sockstat) need to 95 be recompiled. 96 9720101114: 98 Generic IEEE 802.3 annex 31B full duplex flow control support has been 99 added to mii(4) and bge(4), bce(4), msk(4), nfe(4) and stge(4) along 100 with brgphy(4), e1000phy(4) as well as ip1000phy() have been converted 101 to take advantage of it instead of using custom implementations. This 102 means that these drivers now no longer unconditionally advertise 103 support for flow control but only do so if flow control is a selected 104 media option. This was implemented in the generic support that way in 105 order to allow flow control to be switched on and off via ifconfig(8) 106 with the PHY specific default to typically off in order to protect 107 from unwanted effects. Consequently, if you used flow control with 108 one of the above mentioned drivers you now need to explicitly enable 109 it, for example via: 110 ifconfig bge0 media auto mediaopt flowcontrol 111 112 Along with the above mentioned changes generic support for setting 113 1000baseT master mode also has been added and brgphy(4), ciphy(4), 114 e1000phy(4) as well as ip1000phy(4) have been converted to take 115 advantage of it. This means that these drivers now no longer take the 116 link0 parameter for selecting master mode but the master media option 117 has to be used instead, for example like in the following: 118 ifconfig bge0 media 1000baseT mediaopt full-duplex,master 119 120 Selection of master mode now is also available with all other PHY 121 drivers supporting 1000baseT. 122 12320101111: 124 The TCP stack has received a significant update to add support for 125 modularised congestion control and generally improve the clarity of 126 congestion control decisions. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900025. User 127 space tools that rely on the size of struct tcpcb in tcp_var.h (e.g. 128 sockstat) need to be recompiled. 129 13020101002: 131 The man(1) utility has been replaced by a new version that no longer 132 uses /etc/manpath.config. Please consult man.conf(5) for how to 133 migrate local entries to the new format. 134 13520100928: 136 The copyright strings printed by login(1) and sshd(8) at the time of a 137 new connection have been removed to follow other operating systems and 138 upstream sshd. 139 14020100915: 141 A workaround for a fixed ld bug has been removed in kernel code, 142 so make sure that your system ld is built from sources after 143 revision 210245 from 2010-07-19 (r211583 if building head kernel 144 on stable/8, r211584 for stable/7; both from 2010-08-21). 145 A symptom of incorrect ld version is different addresses for 146 set_pcpu section and __start_set_pcpu symbol in kernel and/or modules. 147 14820100913: 149 The $ipv6_prefer variable in rc.conf(5) has been split into 150 $ip6addrctl_policy and $ipv6_activate_all_interfaces. 151 152 The $ip6addrctl_policy is a variable to choose a pre-defined 153 address selection policy set by ip6addrctl(8). A value 154 "ipv4_prefer", "ipv6_prefer" or "AUTO" can be specified. The 155 default is "AUTO". 156 157 The $ipv6_activate_all_interfaces specifies whether IFDISABLED 158 flag (see an entry of 20090926) is set on an interface with no 159 corresponding $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 line. The default is "NO" for 160 security reason. If you want IPv6 link-local address on all 161 interfaces by default, set this to "YES". 162 163 The old ipv6_prefer="YES" is equivalent to 164 ipv6_activate_all_interfaces="YES" and 165 ip6addrctl_policy="ipv6_prefer". 166 16720100913: 168 DTrace has grown support for userland tracing. Due to this, DTrace is 169 now i386 and amd64 only. 170 dtruss(1) is now installed by default on those systems and a new 171 kernel module is needed for userland tracing: fasttrap. 172 No changes to your kernel config file are necessary to enable 173 userland tracing, but you might consider adding 'STRIP=' and 174 'CFLAGS+=-fno-omit-frame-pointer' to your make.conf if you want 175 to have informative userland stack traces in DTrace (ustack). 176 17720100725: 178 The acpi_aiboost(4) driver has been removed in favor of the new 179 aibs(4) driver. You should update your kernel configuration file. 180 18120100722: 182 BSD grep has been imported to the base system and it is built by 183 default. It is completely BSD licensed, highly GNU-compatible, uses 184 less memory than its GNU counterpart and has a small codebase. 185 However, it is slower than its GNU counterpart, which is mostly 186 noticeable for larger searches, for smaller ones it is measurable 187 but not significant. The reason is complex, the most important factor 188 is that we lack a modern and efficient regex library and GNU 189 overcomes this by optimizing the searches internally. Future work 190 on improving the regex performance is planned, for the meantime, 191 users that need better performance, can build GNU grep instead by 192 setting the WITH_GNU_GREP knob. 193 19420100713: 195 Due to the import of powerpc64 support, all existing powerpc kernel 196 configuration files must be updated with a machine directive like this: 197 machine powerpc powerpc 198 199 In addition, an updated config(8) is required to build powerpc kernels 200 after this change. 201 20220100713: 203 A new version of ZFS (version 15) has been merged to -HEAD. 204 This version uses a python library for the following subcommands: 205 zfs allow, zfs unallow, zfs groupspace, zfs userspace. 206 For full functionality of these commands the following port must 207 be installed: sysutils/py-zfs 208 20920100429: 210 'vm_page's are now hashed by physical address to an array of mutexes. 211 Currently this is only used to serialize access to hold_count. Over 212 time the page queue mutex will be peeled away. This changes the size 213 of pmap on every architecture. And requires all callers of vm_page_hold 214 and vm_page_unhold to be updated. 215 21620100402: 217 WITH_CTF can now be specified in src.conf (not recommended, there 218 are some problems with static executables), make.conf (would also 219 affect ports which do not use GNU make and do not override the 220 compile targets) or in the kernel config (via "makeoptions 221 WITH_CTF=yes"). 222 When WITH_CTF was specified there before this was silently ignored, 223 so make sure that WITH_CTF is not used in places which could lead 224 to unwanted behavior. 225 22620100311: 227 The kernel option COMPAT_IA32 has been replaced with COMPAT_FREEBSD32 228 to allow 32-bit compatibility on non-x86 platforms. All kernel 229 configurations on amd64 and ia64 platforms using these options must 230 be modified accordingly. 231 23220100113: 233 The utmp user accounting database has been replaced with utmpx, 234 the user accounting interface standardized by POSIX. 235 Unfortunately the semantics of utmp and utmpx don't match, 236 making it practically impossible to support both interfaces. 237 The user accounting database is used by tools like finger(1), 238 last(1), talk(1), w(1) and ac(8). 239 240 All applications in the base system use utmpx. This means only 241 local binaries (e.g. from the ports tree) may still use these 242 utmp database files. These applications must be rebuilt to make 243 use of utmpx. 244 245 After the system has been upgraded, it is safe to remove the old 246 log files (/var/run/utmp, /var/log/lastlog and /var/log/wtmp*), 247 assuming their contents is of no importance anymore. Old wtmp 248 databases can only be used by last(1) and ac(8) after they have 249 been converted to the new format using wtmpcvt(1). 250 25120100108: 252 Introduce the kernel thread "deadlock resolver" (which can be enabled 253 via the DEADLKRES option, see NOTES for more details) and the 254 sleepq_type() function for sleepqueues. 255 25620091202: 257 The rc.firewall and rc.firewall6 were unified, and 258 rc.firewall6 and rc.d/ip6fw were removed. 259 According to the removal of rc.d/ip6fw, ipv6_firewall_* rc 260 variables are obsoleted. Instead, the following new rc 261 variables are added to rc.d/ipfw: 262 263 firewall_client_net_ipv6, firewall_simple_iif_ipv6, 264 firewall_simple_inet_ipv6, firewall_simple_oif_ipv6, 265 firewall_simple_onet_ipv6, firewall_trusted_ipv6 266 267 The meanings correspond to the relevant IPv4 variables. 268 26920091125: 270 8.0-RELEASE. 271 27220091113: 273 The default terminal emulation for syscons(4) has been changed 274 from cons25 to xterm on all platforms except pc98. This means 275 that the /etc/ttys file needs to be updated to ensure correct 276 operation of applications on the console. 277 278 The terminal emulation style can be toggled per window by using 279 vidcontrol(1)'s -T flag. The TEKEN_CONS25 kernel configuration 280 options can be used to change the compile-time default back to 281 cons25. 282 283 To prevent graphical artifacts, make sure the TERM environment 284 variable is set to match the terminal emulation that is being 285 performed by syscons(4). 286 28720091109: 288 The layout of the structure ieee80211req_scan_result has changed. 289 Applications that require wireless scan results (e.g. ifconfig(8)) 290 from net80211 need to be recompiled. 291 292 Applications such as wpa_supplicant(8) may require a full world 293 build without using NO_CLEAN in order to get synchronized with the 294 new structure. 295 29620091025: 297 The iwn(4) driver has been updated to support the 5000 and 5150 series. 298 There's one kernel module for each firmware. Adding "device iwnfw" 299 to the kernel configuration file means including all three firmware 300 images inside the kernel. If you want to include just the one for 301 your wireless card, use the the devices iwn4965fw, iwn5000fw or 302 iwn5150fw. 303 30420090926: 305 The rc.d/network_ipv6, IPv6 configuration script has been integrated 306 into rc.d/netif. The changes are the following: 307 308 1. To use IPv6, simply define $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 like $ifconfig_IF 309 for IPv4. For aliases, $ifconfig_IF_aliasN should be used. 310 Note that both variables need the "inet6" keyword at the head. 311 312 Do not set $ipv6_network_interfaces manually if you do not 313 understand what you are doing. It is not needed in most cases. 314 315 $ipv6_ifconfig_IF and $ipv6_ifconfig_IF_aliasN still work, but 316 they are obsolete. 317 318 2. $ipv6_enable is obsolete. Use $ipv6_prefer and 319 "inet6 accept_rtadv" keyword in ifconfig(8) instead. 320 321 If you define $ipv6_enable=YES, it means $ipv6_prefer=YES and 322 all configured interfaces have "inet6 accept_rtadv" in the 323 $ifconfig_IF_ipv6. These are for backward compatibility. 324 325 3. A new variable $ipv6_prefer has been added. If NO, IPv6 326 functionality of interfaces with no corresponding 327 $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 is disabled by using "inet6 ifdisabled" flag, 328 and the default address selection policy of ip6addrctl(8) 329 is the IPv4-preferred one (see rc.d/ip6addrctl for more details). 330 Note that if you want to configure IPv6 functionality on the 331 disabled interfaces after boot, first you need to clear the flag by 332 using ifconfig(8) like: 333 334 ifconfig em0 inet6 -ifdisabled 335 336 If YES, the default address selection policy is set as 337 IPv6-preferred. 338 339 The default value of $ipv6_prefer is NO. 340 341 4. If your system need to receive Router Advertisement messages, 342 define "inet6 accept_rtadv" in $ifconfig_IF_ipv6. The rc(8) 343 scripts automatically invoke rtsol(8) when the interface becomes 344 UP. The Router Advertisement messages are used for SLAAC 345 (State-Less Address AutoConfiguration). 346 34720090922: 348 802.11s D3.03 support was committed. This is incompatible with the 349 previous code, which was based on D3.0. 350 35120090912: 352 A sysctl variable net.inet6.ip6.accept_rtadv now sets the default value 353 of a per-interface flag ND6_IFF_ACCEPT_RTADV, not a global knob to 354 control whether accepting Router Advertisement messages or not. 355 Also, a per-interface flag ND6_IFF_AUTO_LINKLOCAL has been added and 356 a sysctl variable net.inet6.ip6.auto_linklocal is its default value. 357 The ifconfig(8) utility now supports these flags. 358 35920090910: 360 ZFS snapshots are now mounted with MNT_IGNORE flag. Use -v option for 361 mount(8) and -a option for df(1) to see them. 362 36320090825: 364 The old tunable hw.bus.devctl_disable has been superseded by 365 hw.bus.devctl_queue. hw.bus.devctl_disable=1 in loader.conf should be 366 replaced by hw.bus.devctl_queue=0. The default for this new tunable 367 is 1000. 368 36920090813: 370 Remove the option STOP_NMI. The default action is now to use NMI only 371 for KDB via the newly introduced function stop_cpus_hard() and 372 maintain stop_cpus() to just use a normal IPI_STOP on ia32 and amd64. 373 37420090803: 375 The stable/8 branch created in subversion. This corresponds to the 376 RELENG_8 branch in CVS. 377 37820090719: 379 Bump the shared library version numbers for all libraries that do not 380 use symbol versioning as part of the 8.0-RELEASE cycle. Bump 381 __FreeBSD_version to 800105. 382 38320090714: 384 Due to changes in the implementation of virtual network stack support, 385 all network-related kernel modules must be recompiled. As this change 386 breaks the ABI, bump __FreeBSD_version to 800104. 387 38820090713: 389 The TOE interface to the TCP syncache has been modified to remove 390 struct tcpopt (<netinet/tcp_var.h>) from the ABI of the network stack. 391 The cxgb driver is the only TOE consumer affected by this change, and 392 needs to be recompiled along with the kernel. As this change breaks 393 the ABI, bump __FreeBSD_version to 800103. 394 39520090712: 396 Padding has been added to struct tcpcb, sackhint and tcpstat in 397 <netinet/tcp_var.h> to facilitate future MFCs and bug fixes whilst 398 maintaining the ABI. However, this change breaks the ABI, so bump 399 __FreeBSD_version to 800102. User space tools that rely on the size of 400 any of these structs (e.g. sockstat) need to be recompiled. 401 40220090630: 403 The NFS_LEGACYRPC option has been removed along with the old kernel 404 RPC implementation that this option selected. Kernel configurations 405 may need to be adjusted. 406 40720090629: 408 The network interface device nodes at /dev/net/<interface> have been 409 removed. All ioctl operations can be performed the normal way using 410 routing sockets. The kqueue functionality can generally be replaced 411 with routing sockets. 412 41320090628: 414 The documentation from the FreeBSD Documentation Project (Handbook, 415 FAQ, etc.) is now installed via packages by sysinstall(8) and under 416 the /usr/local/share/doc/freebsd directory instead of /usr/share/doc. 417 41820090624: 419 The ABI of various structures related to the SYSV IPC API have been 420 changed. As a result, the COMPAT_FREEBSD[456] and COMPAT_43 kernel 421 options now all require COMPAT_FREEBSD7. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 422 800100. 423 42420090622: 425 Layout of struct vnet has changed as routing related variables were 426 moved to their own Vimage module. Modules need to be recompiled. Bump 427 __FreeBSD_version to 800099. 428 42920090619: 430 NGROUPS_MAX and NGROUPS have been increased from 16 to 1023 and 1024 431 respectively. As long as no more than 16 groups per process are used, 432 no changes should be visible. When more than 16 groups are used, old 433 binaries may fail if they call getgroups() or getgrouplist() with 434 statically sized storage. Recompiling will work around this, but 435 applications should be modified to use dynamically allocated storage 436 for group arrays as POSIX.1-2008 does not cap an implementation's 437 number of supported groups at NGROUPS_MAX+1 as previous versions did. 438 439 NFS and portalfs mounts may also be affected as the list of groups is 440 truncated to 16. Users of NFS who use more than 16 groups, should 441 take care that negative group permissions are not used on the exported 442 file systems as they will not be reliable unless a GSSAPI based 443 authentication method is used. 444 44520090616: 446 The compiling option ADAPTIVE_LOCKMGRS has been introduced. This 447 option compiles in the support for adaptive spinning for lockmgrs 448 which want to enable it. The lockinit() function now accepts the flag 449 LK_ADAPTIVE in order to make the lock object subject to adaptive 450 spinning when both held in write and read mode. 451 45220090613: 453 The layout of the structure returned by IEEE80211_IOC_STA_INFO has 454 changed. User applications that use this ioctl need to be rebuilt. 455 45620090611: 457 The layout of struct thread has changed. Kernel and modules need to 458 be rebuilt. 459 46020090608: 461 The layout of structs ifnet, domain, protosw and vnet_net has changed. 462 Kernel modules need to be rebuilt. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800097. 463 46420090602: 465 window(1) has been removed from the base system. It can now be 466 installed from ports. The port is called misc/window. 467 46820090601: 469 The way we are storing and accessing `routing table' entries has 470 changed. Programs reading the FIB, like netstat, need to be 471 re-compiled. 472 47320090601: 474 A new netisr implementation has been added for FreeBSD 8. Network 475 file system modules, such as igmp, ipdivert, and others, should be 476 rebuilt. 477 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800096. 478 47920090530: 480 Remove the tunable/sysctl debug.mpsafevfs as its initial purpose is no 481 more valid. 482 48320090530: 484 Add VOP_ACCESSX(9). File system modules need to be rebuilt. 485 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800094. 486 48720090529: 488 Add mnt_xflag field to 'struct mount'. File system modules need to be 489 rebuilt. 490 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800093. 491 49220090528: 493 The compiling option ADAPTIVE_SX has been retired while it has been 494 introduced the option NO_ADAPTIVE_SX which handles the reversed logic. 495 The KPI for sx_init_flags() changes as accepting flags: 496 SX_ADAPTIVESPIN flag has been retired while the SX_NOADAPTIVE flag has 497 been introduced in order to handle the reversed logic. 498 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800092. 499 50020090527: 501 Add support for hierarchical jails. Remove global securelevel. 502 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800091. 503 50420090523: 505 The layout of struct vnet_net has changed, therefore modules 506 need to be rebuilt. 507 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800090. 508 50920090523: 510 The newly imported zic(8) produces a new format in the output. Please 511 run tzsetup(8) to install the newly created data to /etc/localtime. 512 51320090520: 514 The sysctl tree for the usb stack has renamed from hw.usb2.* to 515 hw.usb.* and is now consistent again with previous releases. 516 51720090520: 518 802.11 monitor mode support was revised and driver api's were changed. 519 Drivers dependent on net80211 now support DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO instead 520 of DLT_IEEE802_11. No user-visible data structures were changed but 521 applications that use DLT_IEEE802_11 may require changes. 522 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800088. 523 52420090430: 525 The layout of the following structs has changed: sysctl_oid, 526 socket, ifnet, inpcbinfo, tcpcb, syncache_head, vnet_inet, 527 vnet_inet6 and vnet_ipfw. Most modules need to be rebuild or 528 panics may be experienced. World rebuild is required for 529 correctly checking networking state from userland. 530 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800085. 531 53220090429: 533 MLDv2 and Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) have been merged 534 to the IPv6 stack. VIMAGE hooks are in but not yet used. 535 The implementation of SSM within FreeBSD's IPv6 stack closely 536 follows the IPv4 implementation. 537 538 For kernel developers: 539 540 * The most important changes are that the ip6_output() and 541 ip6_input() paths no longer take the IN6_MULTI_LOCK, 542 and this lock has been downgraded to a non-recursive mutex. 543 544 * As with the changes to the IPv4 stack to support SSM, filtering 545 of inbound multicast traffic must now be performed by transport 546 protocols within the IPv6 stack. This does not apply to TCP and 547 SCTP, however, it does apply to UDP in IPv6 and raw IPv6. 548 549 * The KPIs used by IPv6 multicast are similar to those used by 550 the IPv4 stack, with the following differences: 551 * im6o_mc_filter() is analogous to imo_multicast_filter(). 552 * The legacy KAME entry points in6_joingroup and in6_leavegroup() 553 are shimmed to in6_mc_join() and in6_mc_leave() respectively. 554 * IN6_LOOKUP_MULTI() has been deprecated and removed. 555 * IPv6 relies on MLD for the DAD mechanism. KAME's internal KPIs 556 for MLDv1 have an additional 'timer' argument which is used to 557 jitter the initial membership report for the solicited-node 558 multicast membership on-link. 559 * This is not strictly needed for MLDv2, which already jitters 560 its report transmissions. However, the 'timer' argument is 561 preserved in case MLDv1 is active on the interface. 562 563 * The KAME linked-list based IPv6 membership implementation has 564 been refactored to use a vector similar to that used by the IPv4 565 stack. 566 Code which maintains a list of its own multicast memberships 567 internally, e.g. carp, has been updated to reflect the new 568 semantics. 569 570 * There is a known Lock Order Reversal (LOR) due to in6_setscope() 571 acquiring the IF_AFDATA_LOCK and being called within ip6_output(). 572 Whilst MLDv2 tries to avoid this otherwise benign LOR, it is an 573 implementation constraint which needs to be addressed in HEAD. 574 575 For application developers: 576 577 * The changes are broadly similar to those made for the IPv4 578 stack. 579 580 * The use of IPv4 and IPv6 multicast socket options on the same 581 socket, using mapped addresses, HAS NOT been tested or supported. 582 583 * There are a number of issues with the implementation of various 584 IPv6 multicast APIs which need to be resolved in the API surface 585 before the implementation is fully compatible with KAME userland 586 use, and these are mostly to do with interface index treatment. 587 588 * The literature available discusses the use of either the delta / ASM 589 API with setsockopt(2)/getsockopt(2), or the full-state / ASM API 590 using setsourcefilter(3)/getsourcefilter(3). For more information 591 please refer to RFC 3768, 'Socket Interface Extensions for 592 Multicast Source Filters'. 593 594 * Applications which use the published RFC 3678 APIs should be fine. 595 596 For systems administrators: 597 598 * The mtest(8) utility has been refactored to support IPv6, in 599 addition to IPv4. Interface addresses are no longer accepted 600 as arguments, their names must be used instead. The utility 601 will map the interface name to its first IPv4 address as 602 returned by getifaddrs(3). 603 604 * The ifmcstat(8) utility has also been updated to print the MLDv2 605 endpoint state and source filter lists via sysctl(3). 606 607 * The net.inet6.ip6.mcast.loop sysctl may be tuned to 0 to disable 608 loopback of IPv6 multicast datagrams by default; it defaults to 1 609 to preserve the existing behaviour. Disabling multicast loopback is 610 recommended for optimal system performance. 611 612 * The IPv6 MROUTING code has been changed to examine this sysctl 613 instead of attempting to perform a group lookup before looping 614 back forwarded datagrams. 615 616 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800084. 617 61820090422: 619 Implement low-level Bluetooth HCI API. 620 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800083. 621 62220090419: 623 The layout of struct malloc_type, used by modules to register new 624 memory allocation types, has changed. Most modules will need to 625 be rebuilt or panics may be experienced. 626 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800081. 627 62820090415: 629 Anticipate overflowing inp_flags - add inp_flags2. 630 This changes most offsets in inpcb, so checking v4 connection 631 state will require a world rebuild. 632 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800080. 633 63420090415: 635 Add an llentry to struct route and struct route_in6. Modules 636 embedding a struct route will need to be recompiled. 637 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800079. 638 63920090414: 640 The size of rt_metrics_lite and by extension rtentry has changed. 641 Networking administration apps will need to be recompiled. 642 The route command now supports show as an alias for get, weighting 643 of routes, sticky and nostick flags to alter the behavior of stateful 644 load balancing. 645 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800078. 646 64720090408: 648 Do not use Giant for kbdmux(4) locking. This is wrong and 649 apparently causing more problems than it solves. This will 650 re-open the issue where interrupt handlers may race with 651 kbdmux(4) in polling mode. Typical symptoms include (but 652 not limited to) duplicated and/or missing characters when 653 low level console functions (such as gets) are used while 654 interrupts are enabled (for example geli password prompt, 655 mountroot prompt etc.). Disabling kbdmux(4) may help. 656 65720090407: 658 The size of structs vnet_net, vnet_inet and vnet_ipfw has changed; 659 kernel modules referencing any of the above need to be recompiled. 660 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800075. 661 66220090320: 663 GEOM_PART has become the default partition slicer for storage devices, 664 replacing GEOM_MBR, GEOM_BSD, GEOM_PC98 and GEOM_GPT slicers. It 665 introduces some changes: 666 667 MSDOS/EBR: the devices created from MSDOS extended partition entries 668 (EBR) can be named differently than with GEOM_MBR and are now symlinks 669 to devices with offset-based names. fstabs may need to be modified. 670 671 BSD: the "geometry does not match label" warning is harmless in most 672 cases but it points to problems in file system misalignment with 673 disk geometry. The "c" partition is now implicit, covers the whole 674 top-level drive and cannot be (mis)used by users. 675 676 General: Kernel dumps are now not allowed to be written to devices 677 whose partition types indicate they are meant to be used for file 678 systems (or, in case of MSDOS partitions, as something else than 679 the "386BSD" type). 680 681 Most of these changes date approximately from 200812. 682 68320090319: 684 The uscanner(4) driver has been removed from the kernel. This follows 685 Linux removing theirs in 2.6 and making libusb the default interface 686 (supported by sane). 687 68820090319: 689 The multicast forwarding code has been cleaned up. netstat(1) 690 only relies on KVM now for printing bandwidth upcall meters. 691 The IPv4 and IPv6 modules are split into ip_mroute_mod and 692 ip6_mroute_mod respectively. The config(5) options for statically 693 compiling this code remain the same, i.e. 'options MROUTING'. 694 69520090315: 696 Support for the IFF_NEEDSGIANT network interface flag has been 697 removed, which means that non-MPSAFE network device drivers are no 698 longer supported. In particular, if_ar, if_sr, and network device 699 drivers from the old (legacy) USB stack can no longer be built or 700 used. 701 70220090313: 703 POSIX.1 Native Language Support (NLS) has been enabled in libc and 704 a bunch of new language catalog files have also been added. 705 This means that some common libc messages are now localized and 706 they depend on the LC_MESSAGES environmental variable. 707 70820090313: 709 The k8temp(4) driver has been renamed to amdtemp(4) since 710 support for Family 10 and Family 11 CPU families was added. 711 71220090309: 713 IGMPv3 and Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) have been merged 714 to the IPv4 stack. VIMAGE hooks are in but not yet used. 715 716 For kernel developers, the most important changes are that the 717 ip_output() and ip_input() paths no longer take the IN_MULTI_LOCK(), 718 and this lock has been downgraded to a non-recursive mutex. 719 720 Transport protocols (UDP, Raw IP) are now responsible for filtering 721 inbound multicast traffic according to group membership and source 722 filters. The imo_multicast_filter() KPI exists for this purpose. 723 Transports which do not use multicast (SCTP, TCP) already reject 724 multicast by default. Forwarding and receive performance may improve 725 as a mutex acquisition is no longer needed in the ip_input() 726 low-level input path. in_addmulti() and in_delmulti() are shimmed 727 to new KPIs which exist to support SSM in-kernel. 728 729 For application developers, it is recommended that loopback of 730 multicast datagrams be disabled for best performance, as this 731 will still cause the lock to be taken for each looped-back 732 datagram transmission. The net.inet.ip.mcast.loop sysctl may 733 be tuned to 0 to disable loopback by default; it defaults to 1 734 to preserve the existing behaviour. 735 736 For systems administrators, to obtain best performance with 737 multicast reception and multiple groups, it is always recommended 738 that a card with a suitably precise hash filter is used. Hash 739 collisions will still result in the lock being taken within the 740 transport protocol input path to check group membership. 741 742 If deploying FreeBSD in an environment with IGMP snooping switches, 743 it is recommended that the net.inet.igmp.sendlocal sysctl remain 744 enabled; this forces 224.0.0.0/24 group membership to be announced 745 via IGMP. 746 747 The size of 'struct igmpstat' has changed; netstat needs to be 748 recompiled to reflect this. 749 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800070. 750 75120090309: 752 libusb20.so.1 is now installed as libusb.so.1 and the ports system 753 updated to use it. This requires a buildworld/installworld in order to 754 update the library and dependencies (usbconfig, etc). Its advisable to 755 rebuild all ports which uses libusb. More specific directions are given 756 in the ports collection UPDATING file. Any /etc/libmap.conf entries for 757 libusb are no longer required and can be removed. 758 75920090302: 760 A workaround is committed to allow the creation of System V shared 761 memory segment of size > 2 GB on the 64-bit architectures. 762 Due to a limitation of the existing ABI, the shm_segsz member 763 of the struct shmid_ds, returned by shmctl(IPC_STAT) call is 764 wrong for large segments. Note that limits must be explicitly 765 raised to allow such segments to be created. 766 76720090301: 768 The layout of struct ifnet has changed, requiring a rebuild of all 769 network device driver modules. 770 77120090227: 772 The /dev handling for the new USB stack has changed, a 773 buildworld/installworld is required for libusb20. 774 77520090223: 776 The new USB2 stack has now been permanently moved in and all kernel and 777 module names reverted to their previous values (eg, usb, ehci, ohci, 778 ums, ...). The old usb stack can be compiled in by prefixing the name 779 with the letter 'o', the old usb modules have been removed. 780 Updating entry 20090216 for xorg and 20090215 for libmap may still 781 apply. 782 78320090217: 784 The rc.conf(5) option if_up_delay has been renamed to 785 defaultroute_delay to better reflect its purpose. If you have 786 customized this setting in /etc/rc.conf you need to update it to 787 use the new name. 788 78920090216: 790 xorg 7.4 wants to configure its input devices via hald which does not 791 yet work with USB2. If the keyboard/mouse does not work in xorg then 792 add 793 Option "AllowEmptyInput" "off" 794 to your ServerLayout section. This will cause X to use the configured 795 kbd and mouse sections from your xorg.conf. 796 79720090215: 798 The GENERIC kernels for all architectures now default to the new USB2 799 stack. No kernel config options or code have been removed so if a 800 problem arises please report it and optionally revert to the old USB 801 stack. If you are loading USB kernel modules or have a custom kernel 802 that includes GENERIC then ensure that usb names are also changed over, 803 eg uftdi -> usb2_serial_ftdi. 804 805 Older programs linked against the ports libusb 0.1 need to be 806 redirected to the new stack's libusb20. /etc/libmap.conf can 807 be used for this: 808 # Map old usb library to new one for usb2 stack 809 libusb-0.1.so.8 libusb20.so.1 810 81120090209: 812 All USB ethernet devices now attach as interfaces under the name ueN 813 (eg. ue0). This is to provide a predictable name as vendors often 814 change usb chipsets in a product without notice. 815 81620090203: 817 The ichsmb(4) driver has been changed to require SMBus slave 818 addresses be left-justified (xxxxxxx0b) rather than right-justified. 819 All of the other SMBus controller drivers require left-justified 820 slave addresses, so this change makes all the drivers provide the 821 same interface. 822 82320090201: 824 INET6 statistics (struct ip6stat) was updated. 825 netstat(1) needs to be recompiled. 826 82720090119: 828 NTFS has been removed from GENERIC kernel on amd64 to match 829 GENERIC on i386. Should not cause any issues since mount_ntfs(8) 830 will load ntfs.ko module automatically when NTFS support is 831 actually needed, unless ntfs.ko is not installed or security 832 level prohibits loading kernel modules. If either is the case, 833 "options NTFS" has to be added into kernel config. 834 83520090115: 836 TCP Appropriate Byte Counting (RFC 3465) support added to kernel. 837 New field in struct tcpcb breaks ABI, so bump __FreeBSD_version to 838 800061. User space tools that rely on the size of struct tcpcb in 839 tcp_var.h (e.g. sockstat) need to be recompiled. 840 84120081225: 842 ng_tty(4) module updated to match the new TTY subsystem. 843 Due to API change, user-level applications must be updated. 844 New API support added to mpd5 CVS and expected to be present 845 in next mpd5.3 release. 846 84720081219: 848 With __FreeBSD_version 800060 the makefs tool is part of 849 the base system (it was a port). 850 85120081216: 852 The afdata and ifnet locks have been changed from mutexes to 853 rwlocks, network modules will need to be re-compiled. 854 85520081214: 856 __FreeBSD_version 800059 incorporates the new arp-v2 rewrite. 857 RTF_CLONING, RTF_LLINFO and RTF_WASCLONED flags are eliminated. 858 The new code reduced struct rtentry{} by 16 bytes on 32-bit 859 architecture and 40 bytes on 64-bit architecture. The userland 860 applications "arp" and "ndp" have been updated accordingly. 861 The output from "netstat -r" shows only routing entries and 862 none of the L2 information. 863 86420081130: 865 __FreeBSD_version 800057 marks the switchover from the 866 binary ath hal to source code. Users must add the line: 867 868 options AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 869 870 to their kernel config files when specifying: 871 872 device ath_hal 873 874 The ath_hal module no longer exists; the code is now compiled 875 together with the driver in the ath module. It is now 876 possible to tailor chip support (i.e. reduce the set of chips 877 and thereby the code size); consult ath_hal(4) for details. 878 87920081121: 880 __FreeBSD_version 800054 adds memory barriers to 881 <machine/atomic.h>, new interfaces to ifnet to facilitate 882 multiple hardware transmit queues for cards that support 883 them, and a lock-less ring-buffer implementation to 884 enable drivers to more efficiently manage queueing of 885 packets. 886 88720081117: 888 A new version of ZFS (version 13) has been merged to -HEAD. 889 This version has zpool attribute "listsnapshots" off by 890 default, which means "zfs list" does not show snapshots, 891 and is the same as Solaris behavior. 892 89320081028: 894 dummynet(4) ABI has changed. ipfw(8) needs to be recompiled. 895 89620081009: 897 The uhci, ohci, ehci and slhci USB Host controller drivers have 898 been put into separate modules. If you load the usb module 899 separately through loader.conf you will need to load the 900 appropriate *hci module as well. E.g. for a UHCI-based USB 2.0 901 controller add the following to loader.conf: 902 903 uhci_load="YES" 904 ehci_load="YES" 905 90620081009: 907 The ABI used by the PMC toolset has changed. Please keep 908 userland (libpmc(3)) and the kernel module (hwpmc(4)) in 909 sync. 910 91120081009: 912 atapci kernel module now includes only generic PCI ATA 913 driver. AHCI driver moved to ataahci kernel module. 914 All vendor-specific code moved into separate kernel modules: 915 ataacard, ataacerlabs, ataadaptec, ataamd, ataati, atacenatek, 916 atacypress, atacyrix, atahighpoint, ataintel, ataite, atajmicron, 917 atamarvell, atamicron, atanational, atanetcell, atanvidia, 918 atapromise, ataserverworks, atasiliconimage, atasis, atavia 919 92020080820: 921 The TTY subsystem of the kernel has been replaced by a new 922 implementation, which provides better scalability and an 923 improved driver model. Most common drivers have been migrated to 924 the new TTY subsystem, while others have not. The following 925 drivers have not yet been ported to the new TTY layer: 926 927 PCI/ISA: 928 cy, digi, rc, rp, sio 929 930 USB: 931 ubser, ucycom 932 933 Line disciplines: 934 ng_h4, ng_tty, ppp, sl, snp 935 936 Adding these drivers to your kernel configuration file shall 937 cause compilation to fail. 938 93920080818: 940 ntpd has been upgraded to 4.2.4p5. 941 94220080801: 943 OpenSSH has been upgraded to 5.1p1. 944 945 For many years, FreeBSD's version of OpenSSH preferred DSA 946 over RSA for host and user authentication keys. With this 947 upgrade, we've switched to the vendor's default of RSA over 948 DSA. This may cause upgraded clients to warn about unknown 949 host keys even for previously known hosts. Users should 950 follow the usual procedure for verifying host keys before 951 accepting the RSA key. 952 953 This can be circumvented by setting the "HostKeyAlgorithms" 954 option to "ssh-dss,ssh-rsa" in ~/.ssh/config or on the ssh 955 command line. 956 957 Please note that the sequence of keys offered for 958 authentication has been changed as well. You may want to 959 specify IdentityFile in a different order to revert this 960 behavior. 961 96220080713: 963 The sio(4) driver has been removed from the i386 and amd64 964 kernel configuration files. This means uart(4) is now the 965 default serial port driver on those platforms as well. 966 967 To prevent collisions with the sio(4) driver, the uart(4) driver 968 uses different names for its device nodes. This means the 969 onboard serial port will now most likely be called "ttyu0" 970 instead of "ttyd0". You may need to reconfigure applications to 971 use the new device names. 972 973 When using the serial port as a boot console, be sure to update 974 /boot/device.hints and /etc/ttys before booting the new kernel. 975 If you forget to do so, you can still manually specify the hints 976 at the loader prompt: 977 978 set hint.uart.0.at="isa" 979 set hint.uart.0.port="0x3F8" 980 set hint.uart.0.flags="0x10" 981 set hint.uart.0.irq="4" 982 boot -s 983 98420080609: 985 The gpt(8) utility has been removed. Use gpart(8) to partition 986 disks instead. 987 98820080603: 989 The version that Linuxulator emulates was changed from 2.4.2 990 to 2.6.16. If you experience any problems with Linux binaries 991 please try to set sysctl compat.linux.osrelease to 2.4.2 and 992 if it fixes the problem contact emulation mailing list. 993 99420080525: 995 ISDN4BSD (I4B) was removed from the src tree. You may need to 996 update a your kernel configuration and remove relevant entries. 997 99820080509: 999 I have checked in code to support multiple routing tables. 1000 See the man pages setfib(1) and setfib(2). 1001 This is a hopefully backwards compatible version, 1002 but to make use of it you need to compile your kernel 1003 with options ROUTETABLES=2 (or more up to 16). 1004 100520080420: 1006 The 802.11 wireless support was redone to enable multi-bss 1007 operation on devices that are capable. The underlying device 1008 is no longer used directly but instead wlanX devices are 1009 cloned with ifconfig. This requires changes to rc.conf files. 1010 For example, change: 1011 ifconfig_ath0="WPA DHCP" 1012 to 1013 wlans_ath0=wlan0 1014 ifconfig_wlan0="WPA DHCP" 1015 see rc.conf(5) for more details. In addition, mergemaster of 1016 /etc/rc.d is highly recommended. Simultaneous update of userland 1017 and kernel wouldn't hurt either. 1018 1019 As part of the multi-bss changes the wlan_scan_ap and wlan_scan_sta 1020 modules were merged into the base wlan module. All references 1021 to these modules (e.g. in kernel config files) must be removed. 1022 102320080408: 1024 psm(4) has gained write(2) support in native operation level. 1025 Arbitrary commands can be written to /dev/psm%d and status can 1026 be read back from it. Therefore, an application is responsible 1027 for status validation and error recovery. It is a no-op in 1028 other operation levels. 1029 103020080312: 1031 Support for KSE threading has been removed from the kernel. To 1032 run legacy applications linked against KSE libmap.conf may 1033 be used. The following libmap.conf may be used to ensure 1034 compatibility with any prior release: 1035 1036 libpthread.so.1 libthr.so.1 1037 libpthread.so.2 libthr.so.2 1038 libkse.so.3 libthr.so.3 1039 104020080301: 1041 The layout of struct vmspace has changed. This affects libkvm 1042 and any executables that link against libkvm and use the 1043 kvm_getprocs() function. In particular, but not exclusively, 1044 it affects ps(1), fstat(1), pkill(1), systat(1), top(1) and w(1). 1045 The effects are minimal, but it's advisable to upgrade world 1046 nonetheless. 1047 104820080229: 1049 The latest em driver no longer has support in it for the 1050 82575 adapter, this is now moved to the igb driver. The 1051 split was done to make new features that are incompatible 1052 with older hardware easier to do. 1053 105420080220: 1055 The new geom_lvm(4) geom class has been renamed to geom_linux_lvm(4), 1056 likewise the kernel option is now GEOM_LINUX_LVM. 1057 105820080211: 1059 The default NFS mount mode has changed from UDP to TCP for 1060 increased reliability. If you rely on (insecurely) NFS 1061 mounting across a firewall you may need to update your 1062 firewall rules. 1063 106420080208: 1065 Belatedly note the addition of m_collapse for compacting 1066 mbuf chains. 1067 106820080126: 1069 The fts(3) structures have been changed to use adequate 1070 integer types for their members and so to be able to cope 1071 with huge file trees. The old fts(3) ABI is preserved 1072 through symbol versioning in libc, so third-party binaries 1073 using fts(3) should still work, although they will not take 1074 advantage of the extended types. At the same time, some 1075 third-party software might fail to build after this change 1076 due to unportable assumptions made in its source code about 1077 fts(3) structure members. Such software should be fixed 1078 by its vendor or, in the worst case, in the ports tree. 1079 FreeBSD_version 800015 marks this change for the unlikely 1080 case that a portable fix is impossible. 1081 108220080123: 1083 To upgrade to -current after this date, you must be running 1084 FreeBSD not older than 6.0-RELEASE. Upgrading to -current 1085 from 5.x now requires a stop over at RELENG_6 or RELENG_7 systems. 1086 108720071128: 1088 The ADAPTIVE_GIANT kernel option has been retired because its 1089 functionality is the default now. 1090 109120071118: 1092 The AT keyboard emulation of sunkbd(4) has been turned on 1093 by default. In order to make the special symbols of the Sun 1094 keyboards driven by sunkbd(4) work under X these now have 1095 to be configured the same way as Sun USB keyboards driven 1096 by ukbd(4) (which also does AT keyboard emulation), f.e.: 1097 1098 Option "XkbLayout" "us" 1099 Option "XkbRules" "xorg" 1100 Option "XkbSymbols" "pc(pc105)+sun_vndr/usb(sun_usb)+us" 1101 110220071024: 1103 It has been decided that it is desirable to provide ABI 1104 backwards compatibility to the FreeBSD 4/5/6 versions of the 1105 PCIOCGETCONF, PCIOCREAD and PCIOCWRITE IOCTLs, which was 1106 broken with the introduction of PCI domain support (see the 1107 20070930 entry). Unfortunately, this required the ABI of 1108 PCIOCGETCONF to be broken again in order to be able to 1109 provide backwards compatibility to the old version of that 1110 IOCTL. Thus consumers of PCIOCGETCONF have to be recompiled 1111 again. As for prominent ports this affects neither pciutils 1112 nor xorg-server this time, the hal port needs to be rebuilt 1113 however. 1114 111520071020: 1116 The misnamed kthread_create() and friends have been renamed 1117 to kproc_create() etc. Many of the callers already 1118 used kproc_start().. 1119 I will return kthread_create() and friends in a while 1120 with implementations that actually create threads, not procs. 1121 Renaming corresponds with version 800002. 1122 112320071010: 1124 RELENG_7 branched. 1125 1126COMMON ITEMS: 1127 1128 General Notes 1129 ------------- 1130 Avoid using make -j when upgrading. While generally safe, there are 1131 sometimes problems using -j to upgrade. If your upgrade fails with 1132 -j, please try again without -j. From time to time in the past there 1133 have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or installworld. This 1134 is especially true when upgrading between "distant" versions (eg one 1135 that cross a major release boundary or several minor releases, or when 1136 several months have passed on the -current branch). 1137 1138 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment 1139 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its 1140 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run 1141 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make 1142 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details. 1143 1144 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best 1145 to upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, 1146 then do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade 1147 path, and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try 1148 this approach before reporting problems with a major version upgrade. 1149 1150 ZFS notes 1151 --------- 1152 When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow 1153 these two steps: 1154 1155 1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block 1156 (this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld") 1157 1158 2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive 1159 1160 The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the first 1161 partition (freebsd-boot) of a GPT partitioned drive ad0: 1162 "gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ad0" 1163 1164 Non-boot pools do not need these updates. 1165 1166 To build a kernel 1167 ----------------- 1168 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just 1169 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most 1170 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld, 1171 1172 make kernel-toolchain 1173 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1174 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1175 1176 To test a kernel once 1177 --------------------- 1178 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure 1179 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide 1180 debugging information) run 1181 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel 1182 nextboot -k testkernel 1183 1184 To just build a kernel when you know that it won't mess you up 1185 -------------------------------------------------------------- 1186 This assumes you are already running a CURRENT system. Replace 1187 ${arch} with the architecture of your machine (e.g. "i386", 1188 "arm", "amd64", "ia64", "pc98", "sparc64", "powerpc", "mips", etc). 1189 1190 cd src/sys/${arch}/conf 1191 config KERNEL_NAME_HERE 1192 cd ../compile/KERNEL_NAME_HERE 1193 make depend 1194 make 1195 make install 1196 1197 If this fails, go to the "To build a kernel" section. 1198 1199 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system. 1200 ----------------------------------------------------------- 1201 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than 1202 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current. 1203 1204 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 1205 make buildworld 1206 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1207 [1] 1208 <reboot in single user> [3] 1209 mergemaster -p [5] 1210 make installworld 1211 mergemaster -i [4] 1212 make delete-old [6] 1213 <reboot> 1214 1215 1216 To cross-install current onto a separate partition 1217 -------------------------------------------------- 1218 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold 1219 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition 1220 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in 1221 # size. 1222 1223 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 1224 <boot into -stable> 1225 make buildworld 1226 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1227 <maybe newfs current's root partition> 1228 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}> 1229 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 1230 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd 1231 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 1232 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd 1233 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition> 1234 <reboot into current> 1235 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section> 1236 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*> 1237 <reboot> 1238 1239 1240 To upgrade in-place from 8.x-stable to current 1241 ---------------------------------------------- 1242 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 1243 make buildworld [9] 1244 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8] 1245 [1] 1246 <reboot in single user> [3] 1247 mergemaster -p [5] 1248 make installworld 1249 mergemaster -i [4] 1250 make delete-old [6] 1251 <reboot> 1252 1253 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the 1254 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life 1255 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own 1256 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of 1257 the UPDATING entries. 1258 1259 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to 1260 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update 1261 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent 1262 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has 1263 much fewer pitfalls. 1264 1265 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you 1266 should disable them at this point so they don't crash your 1267 system on reboot. 1268 1269 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do 1270 fsck -p 1271 mount -u / 1272 mount -a 1273 cd src 1274 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time 1275 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that 1276 you boot into single user mode to do the installworld. 1277 1278 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step 1279 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the 1280 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those 1281 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well 1282 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists 1283 for potential gotchas. The -U option is also useful to consider. 1284 See mergemaster(8) for more information. 1285 1286 [5] Usually this step is a noop. However, from time to time 1287 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following 1288 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to 1289 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make 1290 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated 1291 from current before 20020224 or from -stable before 20020408. 1292 1293 [6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries 1294 can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make 1295 sure that no program is using those libraries anymore. 1296 1297 [8] In order to have a kernel that can run the 4.x binaries needed to 1298 do an installworld, you must include the COMPAT_FREEBSD4 option in 1299 your kernel. Failure to do so may leave you with a system that is 1300 hard to boot to recover. A similar kernel option COMPAT_FREEBSD5 is 1301 required to run the 5.x binaries on more recent kernels. And so on 1302 for COMPAT_FREEBSD6 and COMPAT_FREEBSD7. 1303 1304 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the 1305 last time you updated your kernel config file. 1306 1307 [9] When checking out sources, you must include the -P flag to have 1308 cvs prune empty directories. 1309 1310 If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the 1311 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can 1312 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to. 1313 1314 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and 1315 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will 1316 warn if it is improperly defined. 1317FORMAT: 1318 1319This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major 1320breakages in tracking -current. Not all things will be listed here, 1321and it only starts on October 16, 2004. Updating files can found in 1322previous releases if your system is older than this. 1323 1324Copyright information: 1325 1326Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh. All Rights Reserved. 1327 1328Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without 1329modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this 1330document are permitted without further permission from the author. 1331 1332THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 1333IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 1334WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE 1335DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, 1336INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES 1337(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR 1338SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 1339HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, 1340STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING 1341IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 1342POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 1343 1344Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of 1345this document. 1346 1347$FreeBSD: head/UPDATING 220187 2011-03-31 08:32:53Z adrian $ 1348