UPDATING revision 196857
1Updating Information for FreeBSD current users 2 3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>. 4See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the 5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you 6basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD 7handbook. 8 9Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in 10/usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before running portupgrade. 11 12NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 9.x IS SLOW: 13 FreeBSD 9.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel 14 and userland. These features attempt to detect incorrect use of 15 system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity 16 checking and fail stop semantics. They also substantially impact 17 system performance. If you want to do performance measurement, 18 benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off. This 19 includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc 20 debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the 21 kernel. Many developers choose to disable these features on build 22 machines to maximize performance. (To disable malloc debugging, run 23 ln -s aj /etc/malloc.conf.) 24 2520090825: 26 The old tunable hw.bus.devctl_disable has been superseded by 27 hw.bus.devctl_queue. hw.bus.devctl_disable=1 in loader.conf should be 28 replaced by hw.bus.devctl_queue=0. The default for this new tunable 29 is 1000. 30 3120090813: 32 Remove the option STOP_NMI. The default action is now to use NMI only 33 for KDB via the newly introduced function stop_cpus_hard() and 34 maintain stop_cpus() to just use a normal IPI_STOP on ia32 and amd64. 35 3620090803: 37 The stable/8 branch created in subversion. This corresponds to the 38 RELENG_8 branch in CVS. 39 4020090719: 41 Bump the shared library version numbers for all libraries that do not 42 use symbol versioning as part of the 8.0-RELEASE cycle. Bump 43 __FreeBSD_version to 800105. 44 4520090714: 46 Due to changes in the implementation of virtual network stack support, 47 all network-related kernel modules must be recompiled. As this change 48 breaks the ABI, bump __FreeBSD_version to 800104. 49 5020090713: 51 The TOE interface to the TCP syncache has been modified to remove 52 struct tcpopt (<netinet/tcp_var.h>) from the ABI of the network stack. 53 The cxgb driver is the only TOE consumer affected by this change, and 54 needs to be recompiled along with the kernel. As this change breaks 55 the ABI, bump __FreeBSD_version to 800103. 56 5720090712: 58 Padding has been added to struct tcpcb, sackhint and tcpstat in 59 <netinet/tcp_var.h> to facilitate future MFCs and bug fixes whilst 60 maintainig the ABI. However, this change breaks the ABI, so bump 61 __FreeBSD_version to 800102. User space tools that rely on the size of 62 any of these structs (e.g. sockstat) need to be recompiled. 63 6420090630: 65 The NFS_LEGACYRPC option has been removed along with the old kernel 66 RPC implementation that this option selected. Kernel configurations 67 may need to be adjusted. 68 6920090629: 70 The network interface device nodes at /dev/net/<interface> have been 71 removed. All ioctl operations can be performed the normal way using 72 routing sockets. The kqueue functionality can generally be replaced 73 with routing sockets. 74 7520090628: 76 The documentation from the FreeBSD Documentation Project (Handbook, 77 FAQ, etc.) is now installed via packages by sysinstall(8) and under 78 the /usr/local/share/doc/freebsd directory instead of /usr/share/doc. 79 8020090624: 81 The ABI of various structures related to the SYSV IPC API have been 82 changed. As a result, the COMPAT_FREEBSD[456] and COMPAT_43 kernel 83 options now all require COMPAT_FREEBSD7. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 84 800100. 85 8620090622: 87 Layout of struct vnet has changed as routing related variables were 88 moved to their own Vimage module. Modules need to be recompiled. Bump 89 __FreeBSD_version to 800099. 90 9120090619: 92 NGROUPS_MAX and NGROUPS have been increased from 16 to 1023 and 1024 93 respectively. As long as no more than 16 groups per process are used, 94 no changes should be visible. When more than 16 groups are used, old 95 binaries may fail if they call getgroups() or getgrouplist() with 96 statically sized storage. Recompiling will work around this, but 97 applications should be modified to use dynamically allocated storage 98 for group arrays as POSIX.1-2008 does not cap an implementation's 99 number of supported groups at NGROUPS_MAX+1 as previous versions did. 100 101 NFS and portalfs mounts may also be affected as the list of groups is 102 truncated to 16. Users of NFS who use more than 16 groups, should 103 take care that negative group permissions are not used on the exported 104 file systems as they will not be reliable unless a GSSAPI based 105 authentication method is used. 106 10720090616: 108 The compiling option ADAPTIVE_LOCKMGRS has been introduced. This 109 option compiles in the support for adaptive spinning for lockmgrs 110 which want to enable it. The lockinit() function now accepts the flag 111 LK_ADAPTIVE in order to make the lock object subject to adaptive 112 spinning when both held in write and read mode. 113 11420090613: 115 The layout of the structure returned by IEEE80211_IOC_STA_INFO has 116 changed. User applications that use this ioctl need to be rebuilt. 117 11820090611: 119 The layout of struct thread has changed. Kernel and modules need to 120 be rebuilt. 121 12220090608: 123 The layout of structs ifnet, domain, protosw and vnet_net has changed. 124 Kernel modules need to be rebuilt. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800097. 125 12620090602: 127 window(1) has been removed from the base system. It can now be 128 installed from ports. The port is called misc/window. 129 13020090601: 131 The way we are storing and accessing `routing table' entries has 132 changed. Programs reading the FIB, like netstat, need to be 133 re-compiled. 134 13520090601: 136 A new netisr implementation has been added for FreeBSD 8. Network 137 file system modules, such as igmp, ipdivert, and others, should be 138 rebuilt. 139 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800096. 140 14120090530: 142 Remove the tunable/sysctl debug.mpsafevfs as its initial purpose is no 143 more valid. 144 14520090530: 146 Add VOP_ACCESSX(9). File system modules need to be rebuilt. 147 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800094. 148 14920090529: 150 Add mnt_xflag field to 'struct mount'. File system modules need to be 151 rebuilt. 152 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800093. 153 15420090528: 155 The compiling option ADAPTIVE_SX has been retired while it has been 156 introduced the option NO_ADAPTIVE_SX which handles the reversed logic. 157 The KPI for sx_init_flags() changes as accepting flags: 158 SX_ADAPTIVESPIN flag has been retired while the SX_NOADAPTIVE flag has 159 been introduced in order to handle the reversed logic. 160 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800092. 161 16220090527: 163 Add support for hierarchical jails. Remove global securelevel. 164 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800091. 165 16620090523: 167 The layout of struct vnet_net has changed, therefore modules 168 need to be rebuilt. 169 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800090. 170 17120090523: 172 The newly imported zic(8) produces a new format in the output. Please 173 run tzsetup(8) to install the newly created data to /etc/localtime. 174 17520090520: 176 The sysctl tree for the usb stack has renamed from hw.usb2.* to 177 hw.usb.* and is now consistent again with previous releases. 178 17920090520: 180 802.11 monitor mode support was revised and driver api's were changed. 181 Drivers dependent on net80211 now support DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO instead 182 of DLT_IEEE802_11. No user-visible data structures were changed but 183 applications that use DLT_IEEE802_11 may require changes. 184 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800088. 185 18620090430: 187 The layout of the following structs has changed: sysctl_oid, 188 socket, ifnet, inpcbinfo, tcpcb, syncache_head, vnet_inet, 189 vnet_inet6 and vnet_ipfw. Most modules need to be rebuild or 190 panics may be experienced. World rebuild is required for 191 correctly checking networking state from userland. 192 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800085. 193 19420090429: 195 MLDv2 and Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) have been merged 196 to the IPv6 stack. VIMAGE hooks are in but not yet used. 197 The implementation of SSM within FreeBSD's IPv6 stack closely 198 follows the IPv4 implementation. 199 200 For kernel developers: 201 202 * The most important changes are that the ip6_output() and 203 ip6_input() paths no longer take the IN6_MULTI_LOCK, 204 and this lock has been downgraded to a non-recursive mutex. 205 206 * As with the changes to the IPv4 stack to support SSM, filtering 207 of inbound multicast traffic must now be performed by transport 208 protocols within the IPv6 stack. This does not apply to TCP and 209 SCTP, however, it does apply to UDP in IPv6 and raw IPv6. 210 211 * The KPIs used by IPv6 multicast are similar to those used by 212 the IPv4 stack, with the following differences: 213 * im6o_mc_filter() is analogous to imo_multicast_filter(). 214 * The legacy KAME entry points in6_joingroup and in6_leavegroup() 215 are shimmed to in6_mc_join() and in6_mc_leave() respectively. 216 * IN6_LOOKUP_MULTI() has been deprecated and removed. 217 * IPv6 relies on MLD for the DAD mechanism. KAME's internal KPIs 218 for MLDv1 have an additional 'timer' argument which is used to 219 jitter the initial membership report for the solicited-node 220 multicast membership on-link. 221 * This is not strictly needed for MLDv2, which already jitters 222 its report transmissions. However, the 'timer' argument is 223 preserved in case MLDv1 is active on the interface. 224 225 * The KAME linked-list based IPv6 membership implementation has 226 been refactored to use a vector similar to that used by the IPv4 227 stack. 228 Code which maintains a list of its own multicast memberships 229 internally, e.g. carp, has been updated to reflect the new 230 semantics. 231 232 * There is a known Lock Order Reversal (LOR) due to in6_setscope() 233 acquiring the IF_AFDATA_LOCK and being called within ip6_output(). 234 Whilst MLDv2 tries to avoid this otherwise benign LOR, it is an 235 implementation constraint which needs to be addressed in HEAD. 236 237 For application developers: 238 239 * The changes are broadly similar to those made for the IPv4 240 stack. 241 242 * The use of IPv4 and IPv6 multicast socket options on the same 243 socket, using mapped addresses, HAS NOT been tested or supported. 244 245 * There are a number of issues with the implementation of various 246 IPv6 multicast APIs which need to be resolved in the API surface 247 before the implementation is fully compatible with KAME userland 248 use, and these are mostly to do with interface index treatment. 249 250 * The literature available discusses the use of either the delta / ASM 251 API with setsockopt(2)/getsockopt(2), or the full-state / ASM API 252 using setsourcefilter(3)/getsourcefilter(3). For more information 253 please refer to RFC 3768, 'Socket Interface Extensions for 254 Multicast Source Filters'. 255 256 * Applications which use the published RFC 3678 APIs should be fine. 257 258 For systems administrators: 259 260 * The mtest(8) utility has been refactored to support IPv6, in 261 addition to IPv4. Interface addresses are no longer accepted 262 as arguments, their names must be used instead. The utility 263 will map the interface name to its first IPv4 address as 264 returned by getifaddrs(3). 265 266 * The ifmcstat(8) utility has also been updated to print the MLDv2 267 endpoint state and source filter lists via sysctl(3). 268 269 * The net.inet6.ip6.mcast.loop sysctl may be tuned to 0 to disable 270 loopback of IPv6 multicast datagrams by default; it defaults to 1 271 to preserve the existing behaviour. Disabling multicast loopback is 272 recommended for optimal system performance. 273 274 * The IPv6 MROUTING code has been changed to examine this sysctl 275 instead of attempting to perform a group lookup before looping 276 back forwarded datagrams. 277 278 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800084. 279 28020090422: 281 Implement low-level Bluetooth HCI API. 282 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800083. 283 28420090419: 285 The layout of struct malloc_type, used by modules to register new 286 memory allocation types, has changed. Most modules will need to 287 be rebuilt or panics may be experienced. 288 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800081. 289 29020090415: 291 Anticipate overflowing inp_flags - add inp_flags2. 292 This changes most offsets in inpcb, so checking v4 connection 293 state will require a world rebuild. 294 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800080. 295 29620090415: 297 Add an llentry to struct route and struct route_in6. Modules 298 embedding a struct route will need to be recompiled. 299 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800079. 300 30120090414: 302 The size of rt_metrics_lite and by extension rtentry has changed. 303 Networking administration apps will need to be recompiled. 304 The route command now supports show as an alias for get, weighting 305 of routes, sticky and nostick flags to alter the behavior of stateful 306 load balancing. 307 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800078. 308 30920090408: 310 Do not use Giant for kbdmux(4) locking. This is wrong and 311 apparently causing more problems than it solves. This will 312 re-open the issue where interrupt handlers may race with 313 kbdmux(4) in polling mode. Typical symptoms include (but 314 not limited to) duplicated and/or missing characters when 315 low level console functions (such as gets) are used while 316 interrupts are enabled (for example geli password prompt, 317 mountroot prompt etc.). Disabling kbdmux(4) may help. 318 31920090407: 320 The size of structs vnet_net, vnet_inet and vnet_ipfw has changed; 321 kernel modules referencing any of the above need to be recompiled. 322 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800075. 323 32420090320: 325 GEOM_PART has become the default partition slicer for storage devices, 326 replacing GEOM_MBR, GEOM_BSD, GEOM_PC98 and GEOM_GPT slicers. It 327 introduces some changes: 328 329 MSDOS/EBR: the devices created from MSDOS extended partition entries 330 (EBR) can be named differently than with GEOM_MBR and are now symlinks 331 to devices with offset-based names. fstabs may need to be modified. 332 333 BSD: the "geometry does not match label" warning is harmless in most 334 cases but it points to problems in file system misalignment with 335 disk geometry. The "c" partition is now implicit, covers the whole 336 top-level drive and cannot be (mis)used by users. 337 338 General: Kernel dumps are now not allowed to be written to devices 339 whose partition types indicate they are meant to be used for file 340 systems (or, in case of MSDOS partitions, as something else than 341 the "386BSD" type). 342 343 Most of these changes date approximately from 200812. 344 34520090319: 346 The uscanner(4) driver has been removed from the kernel. This follows 347 Linux removing theirs in 2.6 and making libusb the default interface 348 (supported by sane). 349 35020090319: 351 The multicast forwarding code has been cleaned up. netstat(1) 352 only relies on KVM now for printing bandwidth upcall meters. 353 The IPv4 and IPv6 modules are split into ip_mroute_mod and 354 ip6_mroute_mod respectively. The config(5) options for statically 355 compiling this code remain the same, i.e. 'options MROUTING'. 356 35720090315: 358 Support for the IFF_NEEDSGIANT network interface flag has been 359 removed, which means that non-MPSAFE network device drivers are no 360 longer supported. In particular, if_ar, if_sr, and network device 361 drivers from the old (legacy) USB stack can no longer be built or 362 used. 363 36420090313: 365 POSIX.1 Native Language Support (NLS) has been enabled in libc and 366 a bunch of new language catalog files have also been added. 367 This means that some common libc messages are now localized and 368 they depend on the LC_MESSAGES environmental variable. 369 37020090313: 371 The k8temp(4) driver has been renamed to amdtemp(4) since 372 support for K10 and K11 CPU families was added. 373 37420090309: 375 IGMPv3 and Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) have been merged 376 to the IPv4 stack. VIMAGE hooks are in but not yet used. 377 378 For kernel developers, the most important changes are that the 379 ip_output() and ip_input() paths no longer take the IN_MULTI_LOCK(), 380 and this lock has been downgraded to a non-recursive mutex. 381 382 Transport protocols (UDP, Raw IP) are now responsible for filtering 383 inbound multicast traffic according to group membership and source 384 filters. The imo_multicast_filter() KPI exists for this purpose. 385 Transports which do not use multicast (SCTP, TCP) already reject 386 multicast by default. Forwarding and receive performance may improve 387 as a mutex acquisition is no longer needed in the ip_input() 388 low-level input path. in_addmulti() and in_delmulti() are shimmed 389 to new KPIs which exist to support SSM in-kernel. 390 391 For application developers, it is recommended that loopback of 392 multicast datagrams be disabled for best performance, as this 393 will still cause the lock to be taken for each looped-back 394 datagram transmission. The net.inet.ip.mcast.loop sysctl may 395 be tuned to 0 to disable loopback by default; it defaults to 1 396 to preserve the existing behaviour. 397 398 For systems administrators, to obtain best performance with 399 multicast reception and multiple groups, it is always recommended 400 that a card with a suitably precise hash filter is used. Hash 401 collisions will still result in the lock being taken within the 402 transport protocol input path to check group membership. 403 404 If deploying FreeBSD in an environment with IGMP snooping switches, 405 it is recommended that the net.inet.igmp.sendlocal sysctl remain 406 enabled; this forces 224.0.0.0/24 group membership to be announced 407 via IGMP. 408 409 The size of 'struct igmpstat' has changed; netstat needs to be 410 recompiled to reflect this. 411 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800070. 412 41320090309: 414 libusb20.so.1 is now installed as libusb.so.1 and the ports system 415 updated to use it. This requires a buildworld/installworld in order to 416 update the library and dependencies (usbconfig, etc). Its advisable to 417 rebuild all ports which uses libusb. More specific directions are given 418 in the ports collection UPDATING file. Any /etc/libmap.conf entries for 419 libusb are no longer required and can be removed. 420 42120090302: 422 A workaround is committed to allow the creation of System V shared 423 memory segment of size > 2 GB on the 64-bit architectures. 424 Due to a limitation of the existing ABI, the shm_segsz member 425 of the struct shmid_ds, returned by shmctl(IPC_STAT) call is 426 wrong for large segments. Note that limits must be explicitly 427 raised to allow such segments to be created. 428 42920090301: 430 The layout of struct ifnet has changed, requiring a rebuild of all 431 network device driver modules. 432 43320090227: 434 The /dev handling for the new USB stack has changed, a 435 buildworld/installworld is required for libusb20. 436 43720090223: 438 The new USB2 stack has now been permanently moved in and all kernel and 439 module names reverted to their previous values (eg, usb, ehci, ohci, 440 ums, ...). The old usb stack can be compiled in by prefixing the name 441 with the letter 'o', the old usb modules have been removed. 442 Updating entry 20090216 for xorg and 20090215 for libmap may still 443 apply. 444 44520090217: 446 The rc.conf(5) option if_up_delay has been renamed to 447 defaultroute_delay to better reflect its purpose. If you have 448 customized this setting in /etc/rc.conf you need to update it to 449 use the new name. 450 45120090216: 452 xorg 7.4 wants to configure its input devices via hald which does not 453 yet work with USB2. If the keyboard/mouse does not work in xorg then 454 add 455 Option "AllowEmptyInput" "off" 456 to your ServerLayout section. This will cause X to use the configured 457 kbd and mouse sections from your xorg.conf. 458 45920090215: 460 The GENERIC kernels for all architectures now default to the new USB2 461 stack. No kernel config options or code have been removed so if a 462 problem arises please report it and optionally revert to the old USB 463 stack. If you are loading USB kernel modules or have a custom kernel 464 that includes GENERIC then ensure that usb names are also changed over, 465 eg uftdi -> usb2_serial_ftdi. 466 467 Older programs linked against the ports libusb 0.1 need to be 468 redirected to the new stack's libusb20. /etc/libmap.conf can 469 be used for this: 470 # Map old usb library to new one for usb2 stack 471 libusb-0.1.so.8 libusb20.so.1 472 47320090203: 474 The ichsmb(4) driver has been changed to require SMBus slave 475 addresses be left-justified (xxxxxxx0b) rather than right-justified. 476 All of the other SMBus controller drivers require left-justified 477 slave addresses, so this change makes all the drivers provide the 478 same interface. 479 48020090201: 481 INET6 statistics (struct ip6stat) was updated. 482 netstat(1) needs to be recompiled. 483 48420090119: 485 NTFS has been removed from GENERIC kernel on amd64 to match 486 GENERIC on i386. Should not cause any issues since mount_ntfs(8) 487 will load ntfs.ko module automatically when NTFS support is 488 actually needed, unless ntfs.ko is not installed or security 489 level prohibits loading kernel modules. If either is the case, 490 "options NTFS" has to be added into kernel config. 491 49220090115: 493 TCP Appropriate Byte Counting (RFC 3465) support added to kernel. 494 New field in struct tcpcb breaks ABI, so bump __FreeBSD_version to 495 800061. User space tools that rely on the size of struct tcpcb in 496 tcp_var.h (e.g. sockstat) need to be recompiled. 497 49820081225: 499 ng_tty(4) module updated to match the new TTY subsystem. 500 Due to API change, user-level applications must be updated. 501 New API support added to mpd5 CVS and expected to be present 502 in next mpd5.3 release. 503 50420081219: 505 With __FreeBSD_version 800060 the makefs tool is part of 506 the base system (it was a port). 507 50820081216: 509 The afdata and ifnet locks have been changed from mutexes to 510 rwlocks, network modules will need to be re-compiled. 511 51220081214: 513 __FreeBSD_version 800059 incorporates the new arp-v2 rewrite. 514 RTF_CLONING, RTF_LLINFO and RTF_WASCLONED flags are eliminated. 515 The new code reduced struct rtentry{} by 16 bytes on 32-bit 516 architecture and 40 bytes on 64-bit architecture. The userland 517 applications "arp" and "ndp" have been updated accordingly. 518 The output from "netstat -r" shows only routing entries and 519 none of the L2 information. 520 52120081130: 522 __FreeBSD_version 800057 marks the switchover from the 523 binary ath hal to source code. Users must add the line: 524 525 options AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 526 527 to their kernel config files when specifying: 528 529 device ath_hal 530 531 The ath_hal module no longer exists; the code is now compiled 532 together with the driver in the ath module. It is now 533 possible to tailor chip support (i.e. reduce the set of chips 534 and thereby the code size); consult ath_hal(4) for details. 535 53620081121: 537 __FreeBSD_version 800054 adds memory barriers to 538 <machine/atomic.h>, new interfaces to ifnet to facilitate 539 multiple hardware transmit queues for cards that support 540 them, and a lock-less ring-buffer implementation to 541 enable drivers to more efficiently manage queueing of 542 packets. 543 54420081117: 545 A new version of ZFS (version 13) has been merged to -HEAD. 546 This version has zpool attribute "listsnapshots" off by 547 default, which means "zfs list" does not show snapshots, 548 and is the same as Solaris behavior. 549 55020081028: 551 dummynet(4) ABI has changed. ipfw(8) needs to be recompiled. 552 55320081009: 554 The uhci, ohci, ehci and slhci USB Host controller drivers have 555 been put into separate modules. If you load the usb module 556 separately through loader.conf you will need to load the 557 appropriate *hci module as well. E.g. for a UHCI-based USB 2.0 558 controller add the following to loader.conf: 559 560 uhci_load="YES" 561 ehci_load="YES" 562 56320081009: 564 The ABI used by the PMC toolset has changed. Please keep 565 userland (libpmc(3)) and the kernel module (hwpmc(4)) in 566 sync. 567 56820080820: 569 The TTY subsystem of the kernel has been replaced by a new 570 implementation, which provides better scalability and an 571 improved driver model. Most common drivers have been migrated to 572 the new TTY subsystem, while others have not. The following 573 drivers have not yet been ported to the new TTY layer: 574 575 PCI/ISA: 576 cy, digi, rc, rp, sio 577 578 USB: 579 ubser, ucycom 580 581 Line disciplines: 582 ng_h4, ng_tty, ppp, sl, snp 583 584 Adding these drivers to your kernel configuration file shall 585 cause compilation to fail. 586 58720080818: 588 ntpd has been upgraded to 4.2.4p5. 589 59020080801: 591 OpenSSH has been upgraded to 5.1p1. 592 593 For many years, FreeBSD's version of OpenSSH preferred DSA 594 over RSA for host and user authentication keys. With this 595 upgrade, we've switched to the vendor's default of RSA over 596 DSA. This may cause upgraded clients to warn about unknown 597 host keys even for previously known hosts. Users should 598 follow the usual procedure for verifying host keys before 599 accepting the RSA key. 600 601 This can be circumvented by setting the "HostKeyAlgorithms" 602 option to "ssh-dss,ssh-rsa" in ~/.ssh/config or on the ssh 603 command line. 604 605 Please note that the sequence of keys offered for 606 authentication has been changed as well. You may want to 607 specify IdentityFile in a different order to revert this 608 behavior. 609 61020080713: 611 The sio(4) driver has been removed from the i386 and amd64 612 kernel configuration files. This means uart(4) is now the 613 default serial port driver on those platforms as well. 614 615 To prevent collisions with the sio(4) driver, the uart(4) driver 616 uses different names for its device nodes. This means the 617 onboard serial port will now most likely be called "ttyu0" 618 instead of "ttyd0". You may need to reconfigure applications to 619 use the new device names. 620 621 When using the serial port as a boot console, be sure to update 622 /boot/device.hints and /etc/ttys before booting the new kernel. 623 If you forget to do so, you can still manually specify the hints 624 at the loader prompt: 625 626 set hint.uart.0.at="isa" 627 set hint.uart.0.port="0x3F8" 628 set hint.uart.0.flags="0x10" 629 set hint.uart.0.irq="4" 630 boot -s 631 63220080609: 633 The gpt(8) utility has been removed. Use gpart(8) to partition 634 disks instead. 635 63620080603: 637 The version that Linuxulator emulates was changed from 2.4.2 638 to 2.6.16. If you experience any problems with Linux binaries 639 please try to set sysctl compat.linux.osrelease to 2.4.2 and 640 if it fixes the problem contact emulation mailing list. 641 64220080525: 643 ISDN4BSD (I4B) was removed from the src tree. You may need to 644 update a your kernel configuration and remove relevant entries. 645 64620080509: 647 I have checked in code to support multiple routing tables. 648 See the man pages setfib(1) and setfib(2). 649 This is a hopefully backwards compatible version, 650 but to make use of it you need to compile your kernel 651 with options ROUTETABLES=2 (or more up to 16). 652 65320080420: 654 The 802.11 wireless support was redone to enable multi-bss 655 operation on devices that are capable. The underlying device 656 is no longer used directly but instead wlanX devices are 657 cloned with ifconfig. This requires changes to rc.conf files. 658 For example, change: 659 ifconfig_ath0="WPA DHCP" 660 to 661 wlans_ath0=wlan0 662 ifconfig_wlan0="WPA DHCP" 663 see rc.conf(5) for more details. In addition, mergemaster of 664 /etc/rc.d is highly recommended. Simultaneous update of userland 665 and kernel wouldn't hurt either. 666 667 As part of the multi-bss changes the wlan_scan_ap and wlan_scan_sta 668 modules were merged into the base wlan module. All references 669 to these modules (e.g. in kernel config files) must be removed. 670 67120080408: 672 psm(4) has gained write(2) support in native operation level. 673 Arbitrary commands can be written to /dev/psm%d and status can 674 be read back from it. Therefore, an application is responsible 675 for status validation and error recovery. It is a no-op in 676 other operation levels. 677 67820080312: 679 Support for KSE threading has been removed from the kernel. To 680 run legacy applications linked against KSE libmap.conf may 681 be used. The following libmap.conf may be used to ensure 682 compatibility with any prior release: 683 684 libpthread.so.1 libthr.so.1 685 libpthread.so.2 libthr.so.2 686 libkse.so.3 libthr.so.3 687 68820080301: 689 The layout of struct vmspace has changed. This affects libkvm 690 and any executables that link against libkvm and use the 691 kvm_getprocs() function. In particular, but not exclusively, 692 it affects ps(1), fstat(1), pkill(1), systat(1), top(1) and w(1). 693 The effects are minimal, but it's advisable to upgrade world 694 nonetheless. 695 69620080229: 697 The latest em driver no longer has support in it for the 698 82575 adapter, this is now moved to the igb driver. The 699 split was done to make new features that are incompatible 700 with older hardware easier to do. 701 70220080220: 703 The new geom_lvm(4) geom class has been renamed to geom_linux_lvm(4), 704 likewise the kernel option is now GEOM_LINUX_LVM. 705 70620080211: 707 The default NFS mount mode has changed from UDP to TCP for 708 increased reliability. If you rely on (insecurely) NFS 709 mounting across a firewall you may need to update your 710 firewall rules. 711 71220080208: 713 Belatedly note the addition of m_collapse for compacting 714 mbuf chains. 715 71620080126: 717 The fts(3) structures have been changed to use adequate 718 integer types for their members and so to be able to cope 719 with huge file trees. The old fts(3) ABI is preserved 720 through symbol versioning in libc, so third-party binaries 721 using fts(3) should still work, although they will not take 722 advantage of the extended types. At the same time, some 723 third-party software might fail to build after this change 724 due to unportable assumptions made in its source code about 725 fts(3) structure members. Such software should be fixed 726 by its vendor or, in the worst case, in the ports tree. 727 FreeBSD_version 800015 marks this change for the unlikely 728 case that a portable fix is impossible. 729 73020080123: 731 To upgrade to -current after this date, you must be running 732 FreeBSD not older than 6.0-RELEASE. Upgrading to -current 733 from 5.x now requires a stop over at RELENG_6 or RELENG_7 systems. 734 73520071128: 736 The ADAPTIVE_GIANT kernel option has been retired because its 737 functionality is the default now. 738 73920071118: 740 The AT keyboard emulation of sunkbd(4) has been turned on 741 by default. In order to make the special symbols of the Sun 742 keyboards driven by sunkbd(4) work under X these now have 743 to be configured the same way as Sun USB keyboards driven 744 by ukbd(4) (which also does AT keyboard emulation), f.e.: 745 746 Option "XkbLayout" "us" 747 Option "XkbRules" "xorg" 748 Option "XkbSymbols" "pc(pc105)+sun_vndr/usb(sun_usb)+us" 749 75020071024: 751 It has been decided that it is desirable to provide ABI 752 backwards compatibility to the FreeBSD 4/5/6 versions of the 753 PCIOCGETCONF, PCIOCREAD and PCIOCWRITE IOCTLs, which was 754 broken with the introduction of PCI domain support (see the 755 20070930 entry). Unfortunately, this required the ABI of 756 PCIOCGETCONF to be broken again in order to be able to 757 provide backwards compatibility to the old version of that 758 IOCTL. Thus consumers of PCIOCGETCONF have to be recompiled 759 again. As for prominent ports this affects neither pciutils 760 nor xorg-server this time, the hal port needs to be rebuilt 761 however. 762 76320071020: 764 The misnamed kthread_create() and friends have been renamed 765 to kproc_create() etc. Many of the callers already 766 used kproc_start().. 767 I will return kthread_create() and friends in a while 768 with implementations that actually create threads, not procs. 769 Renaming corresponds with version 800002. 770 77120071010: 772 RELENG_7 branched. 773 774COMMON ITEMS: 775 776 General Notes 777 ------------- 778 Avoid using make -j when upgrading. While generally safe, there are 779 sometimes problems using -j to upgrade. If your upgrade fails with 780 -j, please try again wtihout -j. From time to time in the past there 781 have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or installworld. This 782 is especially true when upgrading between "distant" versions (eg one 783 that cross a major release boundary or several minor releases, or when 784 several months have passed on the -current branch). 785 786 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment 787 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its 788 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run 789 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make 790 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details. 791 792 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best 793 to upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, 794 then do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade 795 path, and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try 796 this approach before reporting problems with a major version upgrade. 797 798 To build a kernel 799 ----------------- 800 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just 801 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most 802 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld, 803 804 make kernel-toolchain 805 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 806 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 807 808 To test a kernel once 809 --------------------- 810 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure 811 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide 812 debugging information) run 813 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel 814 nextboot -k testkernel 815 816 To just build a kernel when you know that it won't mess you up 817 -------------------------------------------------------------- 818 This assumes you are already running a CURRENT system. Replace 819 ${arch} with the architecture of your machine (e.g. "i386", 820 "arm", "amd64", "ia64", "pc98", "sparc64", "powerpc", "mips", etc). 821 822 cd src/sys/${arch}/conf 823 config KERNEL_NAME_HERE 824 cd ../compile/KERNEL_NAME_HERE 825 make depend 826 make 827 make install 828 829 If this fails, go to the "To build a kernel" section. 830 831 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system. 832 ----------------------------------------------------------- 833 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than 834 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current. 835 836 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 837 make buildworld 838 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 839 [1] 840 <reboot in single user> [3] 841 mergemaster -p [5] 842 make installworld 843 make delete-old 844 mergemaster [4] 845 <reboot> 846 847 848 To cross-install current onto a separate partition 849 -------------------------------------------------- 850 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold 851 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition 852 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in 853 # size. 854 855 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 856 <boot into -stable> 857 make buildworld 858 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 859 <maybe newfs current's root partition> 860 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}> 861 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 862 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd 863 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 864 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd 865 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition> 866 <reboot into current> 867 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section> 868 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*> 869 <reboot> 870 871 872 To upgrade in-place from 8.x-stable to current 873 ---------------------------------------------- 874 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 875 make buildworld [9] 876 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8] 877 [1] 878 <reboot in single user> [3] 879 mergemaster -p [5] 880 make installworld 881 make delete-old 882 mergemaster -i [4] 883 <reboot> 884 885 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the 886 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life 887 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own 888 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of 889 the UPDATING entries. 890 891 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to 892 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update 893 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent 894 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has 895 much fewer pitfalls. 896 897 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you 898 should disable them at this point so they don't crash your 899 system on reboot. 900 901 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do 902 fsck -p 903 mount -u / 904 mount -a 905 cd src 906 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time 907 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that 908 you boot into single user mode to do the installworld. 909 910 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step 911 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the 912 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those 913 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well 914 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists 915 for potential gotchas. 916 917 [5] Usually this step is a noop. However, from time to time 918 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following 919 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to 920 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make 921 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated 922 from current before 20020224 or from -stable before 20020408. 923 924 [8] In order to have a kernel that can run the 4.x binaries needed to 925 do an installworld, you must include the COMPAT_FREEBSD4 option in 926 your kernel. Failure to do so may leave you with a system that is 927 hard to boot to recover. A similar kernel option COMPAT_FREEBSD5 is 928 required to run the 5.x binaries on more recent kernels. And so on 929 for COMPAT_FREEBSD6 and COMPAT_FREEBSD7. 930 931 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the 932 last time you updated your kernel config file. 933 934 [9] When checking out sources, you must include the -P flag to have 935 cvs prune empty directories. 936 937 If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the 938 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can 939 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to. 940 941 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and 942 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will 943 warn if it is improperly defined. 944FORMAT: 945 946This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major 947breakages in tracking -current. Not all things will be listed here, 948and it only starts on October 16, 2004. Updating files can found in 949previous releases if your system is older than this. 950 951Copyright information: 952 953Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh. All Rights Reserved. 954 955Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without 956modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this 957document are permitted without further permission from the author. 958 959THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 960IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 961WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE 962DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, 963INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES 964(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR 965SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 966HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, 967STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING 968IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 969POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 970 971Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of 972this document. 973 974$FreeBSD: head/UPDATING 196857 2009-09-05 08:09:35Z imp $ 975