UPDATING revision 188710
1Updating Information for FreeBSD current users 2 3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh 4<imp@village.org>. See end of file for further details. For commonly 5done items, please see the COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. 6 7Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in 8/usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before running 9portupgrade. 10 11NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 8.x IS SLOW: 12 FreeBSD 8.x has many debugging features turned on, in 13 both the kernel and userland. These features attempt to detect 14 incorrect use of system primitives, and encourage loud failure 15 through extra sanity checking and fail stop semantics. They 16 also substantially impact system performance. If you want to 17 do performance measurement, benchmarking, and optimization, 18 you'll want to turn them off. This includes various WITNESS- 19 related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc debugging flags 20 in userland, and various verbose features in the kernel. Many 21 developers choose to disable these features on build machines 22 to maximize performance. (To disable malloc debugging, run 23 ln -s aj /etc/malloc.conf.) 24 2520090217: 26 The rc.conf(5) option if_up_delay has been renamed to 27 defaultroute_delay to better reflect its purpose. If you have 28 customized this setting in /etc/rc.conf you need to update it to 29 use the new name. 30 3120090216: 32 xorg 7.4 wants to configure its input devices via hald which does not 33 yet work with USB2. If the keyboard/mouse does not work in xorg then 34 add 35 Option "AllowEmptyInput" "off" 36 to your ServerLayout section. This will cause X to use the configured 37 kbd and mouse sections from your xorg.conf. 38 3920090215: 40 The GENERIC kernels for all architectures now default to the new USB2 41 stack. No kernel config options or code have been removed so if a 42 problem arises please report it and optionally revert to the old USB 43 stack. If you are loading USB kernel modules or have a custom kernel 44 that includes GENERIC then ensure that usb names are also changed over, 45 eg uftdi -> usb2_serial_ftdi. 46 4720090203: 48 The ichsmb(4) driver has been changed to require SMBus slave 49 addresses be left-justified (xxxxxxx0b) rather than right-justified. 50 All of the other SMBus controller drivers require left-justified 51 slave addresses, so this change makes all the drivers provide the 52 same interface. 53 5420090201: 55 INET6 statistics (struct ip6stat) was updated. 56 netstat(1) needs to be recompiled. 57 5820090119: 59 NTFS has been removed from GENERIC kernel on amd64 to match 60 GENERIC on i386. Should not cause any issues since mount_ntfs(8) 61 will load ntfs.ko module automatically when NTFS support is 62 actually needed, unless ntfs.ko is not installed or security 63 level prohibits loading kernel modules. If either is the case, 64 "options NTFS" has to be added into kernel config. 65 6620090115: 67 TCP Appropriate Byte Counting (RFC 3465) support added to kernel. 68 New field in struct tcpcb breaks ABI, so bump __FreeBSD_version to 69 800061. User space tools that rely on the size of struct tcpcb in 70 tcp_var.h (e.g. sockstat) need to be recompiled. 71 7220081225: 73 ng_tty(4) module updated to match the new TTY subsystem. 74 Due to API change, user-level applications must be updated. 75 New API support added to mpd5 CVS and expected to be present 76 in next mpd5.3 release. 77 7820081219: 79 With __FreeBSD_version 800060 the makefs tool is part of 80 the base system (it was a port). 81 8220081216: 83 The afdata and ifnet locks have been changed from mutexes to 84 rwlocks, network modules will need to be re-compiled. 85 8620081214: 87 __FreeBSD_version 800059 incorporates the new arp-v2 rewrite. 88 RTF_CLONING, RTF_LLINFO and RTF_WASCLONED flags are eliminated. 89 The new code reduced struct rtentry{} by 16 bytes on 32-bit 90 architecture and 40 bytes on 64-bit architecture. The userland 91 applications "arp" and "ndp" have been updated accordingly. 92 The output from "netstat -r" shows only routing entries and 93 none of the L2 information. 94 9520081130: 96 __FreeBSD_version 800057 marks the switchover from the 97 binary ath hal to source code. Users must add the line: 98 99 options AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 100 101 to their kernel config files when specifying: 102 103 device ath_hal 104 105 The ath_hal module no longer exists; the code is now compiled 106 together with the driver in the ath module. It is now 107 possible to tailor chip support (i.e. reduce the set of chips 108 and thereby the code size); consult ath_hal(4) for details. 109 11020081121: 111 __FreeBSD_version 800054 adds memory barriers to 112 <machine/atomic.h>, new interfaces to ifnet to facilitate 113 multiple hardware transmit queues for cards that support 114 them, and a lock-less ring-buffer implementation to 115 enable drivers to more efficiently manage queueing of 116 packets. 117 11820081117: 119 A new version of ZFS (version 13) has been merged to -HEAD. 120 This version has zpool attribute "listsnapshots" off by 121 default, which means "zfs list" does not show snapshots, 122 and is the same as Solaris behavior. 123 12420081028: 125 dummynet(4) ABI has changed. ipfw(8) needs to be recompiled. 126 12720081009: 128 The uhci, ohci, ehci and slhci USB Host controller drivers have 129 been put into separate modules. If you load the usb module 130 separately through loader.conf you will need to load the 131 appropriate *hci module as well. E.g. for a UHCI-based USB 2.0 132 controller add the following to loader.conf: 133 134 uhci_load="YES" 135 ehci_load="YES" 136 13720081009: 138 The ABI used by the PMC toolset has changed. Please keep 139 userland (libpmc(3)) and the kernel module (hwpmc(4)) in 140 sync. 141 14220080820: 143 The TTY subsystem of the kernel has been replaced by a new 144 implementation, which provides better scalability and an 145 improved driver model. Most common drivers have been migrated to 146 the new TTY subsystem, while others have not. The following 147 drivers have not yet been ported to the new TTY layer: 148 149 PCI/ISA: 150 cy, digi, rc, rp, sio 151 152 USB: 153 ubser, ucycom 154 155 Line disciplines: 156 ng_h4, ng_tty, ppp, sl, snp 157 158 Adding these drivers to your kernel configuration file shall 159 cause compilation to fail. 160 16120080818: 162 ntpd has been upgraded to 4.2.4p5. 163 16420080801: 165 OpenSSH has been upgraded to 5.1p1. 166 167 For many years, FreeBSD's version of OpenSSH preferred DSA 168 over RSA for host and user authentication keys. With this 169 upgrade, we've switched to the vendor's default of RSA over 170 DSA. This may cause upgraded clients to warn about unknown 171 host keys even for previously known hosts. Users should 172 follow the usual procedure for verifying host keys before 173 accepting the RSA key. 174 175 This can be circumvented by setting the "HostKeyAlgorithms" 176 option to "ssh-dss,ssh-rsa" in ~/.ssh/config or on the ssh 177 command line. 178 179 Please note that the sequence of keys offered for 180 authentication has been changed as well. You may want to 181 specify IdentityFile in a different order to revert this 182 behavior. 183 18420080713: 185 The sio(4) driver has been removed from the i386 and amd64 186 kernel configuration files. This means uart(4) is now the 187 default serial port driver on those platforms as well. 188 189 To prevent collisions with the sio(4) driver, the uart(4) driver 190 uses different names for its device nodes. This means the 191 onboard serial port will now most likely be called "ttyu0" 192 instead of "ttyd0". You may need to reconfigure applications to 193 use the new device names. 194 195 When using the serial port as a boot console, be sure to update 196 /boot/device.hints and /etc/ttys before booting the new kernel. 197 If you forget to do so, you can still manually specify the hints 198 at the loader prompt: 199 200 set hint.uart.0.at="isa" 201 set hint.uart.0.port="0x3F8" 202 set hint.uart.0.flags="0x10" 203 set hint.uart.0.irq="4" 204 boot -s 205 20620080609: 207 The gpt(8) utility has been removed. Use gpart(8) to partition 208 disks instead. 209 21020080603: 211 The version that Linuxulator emulates was changed from 2.4.2 212 to 2.6.16. If you experience any problems with Linux binaries 213 please try to set sysctl compat.linux.osrelease to 2.4.2 and 214 if it fixes the problem contact emulation mailing list. 215 21620080525: 217 ISDN4BSD (I4B) was removed from the src tree. You may need to 218 update a your kernel configuration and remove relevant entries. 219 22020080509: 221 I have checked in code to support multiple routing tables. 222 See the man pages setfib(1) and setfib(2). 223 This is a hopefully backwards compatible version, 224 but to make use of it you need to compile your kernel 225 with options ROUTETABLES=2 (or more up to 16). 226 22720080420: 228 The 802.11 wireless support was redone to enable multi-bss 229 operation on devices that are capable. The underlying device 230 is no longer used directly but instead wlanX devices are 231 cloned with ifconfig. This requires changes to rc.conf files. 232 For example, change: 233 ifconfig_ath0="WPA DHCP" 234 to 235 wlans_ath0=wlan0 236 ifconfig_wlan0="WPA DHCP" 237 see rc.conf(5) for more details. In addition, mergemaster of 238 /etc/rc.d is highly recommended. Simultaneous update of userland 239 and kernel wouldn't hurt either. 240 241 As part of the multi-bss changes the wlan_scan_ap and wlan_scan_sta 242 modules were merged into the base wlan module. All references 243 to these modules (e.g. in kernel config files) must be removed. 244 24520080408: 246 psm(4) has gained write(2) support in native operation level. 247 Arbitrary commands can be written to /dev/psm%d and status can 248 be read back from it. Therefore, an application is responsible 249 for status validation and error recovery. It is a no-op in 250 other operation levels. 251 25220080312: 253 Support for KSE threading has been removed from the kernel. To 254 run legacy applications linked against KSE libmap.conf may 255 be used. The following libmap.conf may be used to ensure 256 compatibility with any prior release: 257 258 libpthread.so.1 libthr.so.1 259 libpthread.so.2 libthr.so.2 260 libkse.so.3 libthr.so.3 261 26220080301: 263 The layout of struct vmspace has changed. This affects libkvm 264 and any executables that link against libkvm and use the 265 kvm_getprocs() function. In particular, but not exclusively, 266 it affects ps(1), fstat(1), pkill(1), systat(1), top(1) and w(1). 267 The effects are minimal, but it's advisable to upgrade world 268 nonetheless. 269 27020080229: 271 The latest em driver no longer has support in it for the 272 82575 adapter, this is now moved to the igb driver. The 273 split was done to make new features that are incompatible 274 with older hardware easier to do. 275 27620080220: 277 The new geom_lvm(4) geom class has been renamed to geom_linux_lvm(4), 278 likewise the kernel option is now GEOM_LINUX_LVM. 279 28020080211: 281 The default NFS mount mode has changed from UDP to TCP for 282 increased reliability. If you rely on (insecurely) NFS 283 mounting across a firewall you may need to update your 284 firewall rules. 285 28620080208: 287 Belatedly note the addition of m_collapse for compacting 288 mbuf chains. 289 29020080126: 291 The fts(3) structures have been changed to use adequate 292 integer types for their members and so to be able to cope 293 with huge file trees. The old fts(3) ABI is preserved 294 through symbol versioning in libc, so third-party binaries 295 using fts(3) should still work, although they will not take 296 advantage of the extended types. At the same time, some 297 third-party software might fail to build after this change 298 due to unportable assumptions made in its source code about 299 fts(3) structure members. Such software should be fixed 300 by its vendor or, in the worst case, in the ports tree. 301 FreeBSD_version 800015 marks this change for the unlikely 302 case that a portable fix is impossible. 303 30420080123: 305 To upgrade to -current after this date, you must be running 306 FreeBSD not older than 6.0-RELEASE. Upgrading to -current 307 from 5.x now requires a stop over at RELENG_6 or RELENG_7 systems. 308 30920071128: 310 The ADAPTIVE_GIANT kernel option has been retired because its 311 functionality is the default now. 312 31320071118: 314 The AT keyboard emulation of sunkbd(4) has been turned on 315 by default. In order to make the special symbols of the Sun 316 keyboards driven by sunkbd(4) work under X these now have 317 to be configured the same way as Sun USB keyboards driven 318 by ukbd(4) (which also does AT keyboard emulation), f.e.: 319 320 Option "XkbLayout" "us" 321 Option "XkbRules" "xorg" 322 Option "XkbSymbols" "pc(pc105)+sun_vndr/usb(sun_usb)+us" 323 32420071024: 325 It has been decided that it is desirable to provide ABI 326 backwards compatibility to the FreeBSD 4/5/6 versions of the 327 PCIOCGETCONF, PCIOCREAD and PCIOCWRITE IOCTLs, which was 328 broken with the introduction of PCI domain support (see the 329 20070930 entry). Unfortunately, this required the ABI of 330 PCIOCGETCONF to be broken again in order to be able to 331 provide backwards compatibility to the old version of that 332 IOCTL. Thus consumers of PCIOCGETCONF have to be recompiled 333 again. As for prominent ports this affects neither pciutils 334 nor xorg-server this time, the hal port needs to be rebuilt 335 however. 336 33720071020: 338 The misnamed kthread_create() and friends have been renamed 339 to kproc_create() etc. Many of the callers already 340 used kproc_start().. 341 I will return kthread_create() and friends in a while 342 with implementations that actually create threads, not procs. 343 Renaming corresponds with version 800002. 344 34520071010: 346 RELENG_7 branched. 347 34820071009: 349 Setting WITHOUT_LIBPTHREAD now means WITHOUT_LIBKSE and 350 WITHOUT_LIBTHR are set. 351 35220070930: 353 The PCI code has been made aware of PCI domains. This means that 354 the location strings as used by pciconf(8) etc are now in the 355 following format: pci<domain>:<bus>:<device>[:<function>]. It 356 also means that consumers of <sys/pciio.h> potentially need to 357 be recompiled; this includes the hal and xorg-server ports. 358 35920070928: 360 The caching daemon (cached) was renamed to nscd. nscd.conf 361 configuration file should be used instead of cached.conf and 362 nscd_enable, nscd_pidfile and nscd_flags options should be used 363 instead of cached_enable, cached_pidfile and cached_flags in 364 rc.conf. 365 36620070921: 367 The getfacl(1) utility now prints owning user and group name 368 instead of owning uid and gid in the three line comment header. 369 This is the same behavior as getfacl(1) on Solaris and Linux. 370 37120070704: 372 The new IPsec code is now compiled in using the IPSEC option. The 373 IPSEC option now requires "device crypto" be defined in your kernel 374 configuration. The FAST_IPSEC kernel option is now deprecated. 375 37620070702: 377 The packet filter (pf) code has been updated to OpenBSD 4.1 Please 378 note the changed syntax - keep state is now on by default. Also 379 note the fact that ftp-proxy(8) has been changed from bottom up and 380 has been moved from libexec to usr/sbin. Changes in the ALTQ 381 handling also affect users of IPFW's ALTQ capabilities. 382 38320070701: 384 Remove KAME IPsec in favor of FAST_IPSEC, which is now the 385 only IPsec supported by FreeBSD. The new IPsec stack 386 supports both IPv4 and IPv6. The kernel option will change 387 after the code changes have settled in. For now the kernel 388 option IPSEC is deprecated and FAST_IPSEC is the only option, that 389 will change after some settling time. 390 39120070701: 392 The wicontrol(8) utility has been removed from the base system. wi(4) 393 cards should be configured using ifconfig(8), see the man page for more 394 information. 395 39620070612: 397 The i386/amd64 GENERIC kernel now defaults to the nfe(4) driver 398 instead of the nve(4) driver. Please update your configuration 399 accordingly. 400 40120070612: 402 By default, /etc/rc.d/sendmail no longer rebuilds the aliases 403 database if it is missing or older than the aliases file. If 404 desired, set the new rc.conf option sendmail_rebuild_aliases 405 to "YES" to restore that functionality. 406 40720070612: 408 The IPv4 multicast socket code has been considerably modified, and 409 moved to the file sys/netinet/in_mcast.c. Initial support for the 410 RFC 3678 Source-Specific Multicast Socket API has been added to 411 the IPv4 network stack. 412 413 Strict multicast and broadcast reception is now the default for 414 UDP/IPv4 sockets; the net.inet.udp.strict_mcast_mship sysctl variable 415 has now been removed. 416 417 The RFC 1724 hack for interface selection has been removed; the use 418 of the Linux-derived ip_mreqn structure with IP_MULTICAST_IF has 419 been added to replace it. Consumers such as routed will soon be 420 updated to reflect this. 421 422 These changes affect users who are running routed(8) or rdisc(8) 423 from the FreeBSD base system on point-to-point or unnumbered 424 interfaces. 425 42620070610: 427 The net80211 layer has changed significantly and all wireless 428 drivers that depend on it need to be recompiled. Further these 429 changes require that any program that interacts with the wireless 430 support in the kernel be recompiled; this includes: ifconfig, 431 wpa_supplicant, hostapd, and wlanstats. Users must also, for 432 the moment, kldload the wlan_scan_sta and/or wlan_scan_ap modules 433 if they use modules for wireless support. These modules implement 434 scanning support for station and ap modes, respectively. Failure 435 to load the appropriate module before marking a wireless interface 436 up will result in a message to the console and the device not 437 operating properly. 438 43920070610: 440 The pam_nologin(8) module ceases to provide an authentication 441 function and starts providing an account management function. 442 Consequent changes to /etc/pam.d should be brought in using 443 mergemaster(8). Third-party files in /usr/local/etc/pam.d may 444 need manual editing as follows. Locate this line (or similar): 445 446 auth required pam_nologin.so no_warn 447 448 and change it according to this example: 449 450 account required pam_nologin.so no_warn 451 452 That is, the first word needs to be changed from "auth" to 453 "account". The new line can be moved to the account section 454 within the file for clarity. Not updating pam.conf(5) files 455 will result in nologin(5) ignored by the respective services. 456 45720070529: 458 The ether_ioctl() function has been synchronized with ioctl(2) 459 and ifnet.if_ioctl. Due to that, the size of one of its arguments 460 has changed on 64-bit architectures. All kernel modules using 461 ether_ioctl() need to be rebuilt on such architectures. 462 46320070516: 464 Improved INCLUDE_CONFIG_FILE support has been introduced to the 465 config(8) utility. In order to take advantage of this new 466 functionality, you are expected to recompile and install 467 src/usr.sbin/config. If you don't rebuild config(8), and your 468 kernel configuration depends on INCLUDE_CONFIG_FILE, the kernel 469 build will be broken because of a missing "kernconfstring" 470 symbol. 471 47220070513: 473 Symbol versioning is enabled by default. To disable it, use 474 option WITHOUT_SYMVER. It is not advisable to attempt to 475 disable symbol versioning once it is enabled; your installworld 476 will break because a symbol version-less libc will get installed 477 before the install tools. As a result, the old install tools, 478 which previously had symbol dependencies to FBSD_1.0, will fail 479 because the freshly installed libc will not have them. 480 481 The default threading library (providing "libpthread") has been 482 changed to libthr. If you wish to have libkse as your default, 483 use option DEFAULT_THREAD_LIB=libkse for the buildworld. 484 48520070423: 486 The ABI breakage in sendmail(8)'s libmilter has been repaired 487 so it is no longer necessary to recompile mail filters (aka, 488 milters). If you recompiled mail filters after the 20070408 489 note, it is not necessary to recompile them again. 490 49120070417: 492 The new trunk(4) driver has been renamed to lagg(4) as it better 493 reflects its purpose. ifconfig will need to be recompiled. 494 49520070408: 496 sendmail(8) has been updated to version 8.14.1. Mail filters 497 (aka, milters) compiled against the libmilter included in the 498 base operating system should be recompiled. 499 50020070302: 501 Firmwares for ipw(4) and iwi(4) are now included in the base tree. 502 In order to use them one must agree to the respective LICENSE in 503 share/doc/legal and define legal.intel_<name>.license_ack=1 via 504 loader.conf(5) or kenv(1). Make sure to deinstall the now 505 deprecated modules from the respective firmware ports. 506 50720070228: 508 The name resolution/mapping functions addr2ascii(3) and ascii2addr(3) 509 were removed from FreeBSD's libc. These originally came from INRIA 510 IPv6. Nothing in FreeBSD ever used them. They may be regarded as 511 deprecated in previous releases. 512 The AF_LINK support for getnameinfo(3) was merged from NetBSD to 513 replace it as a more portable (and re-entrant) API. 514 51520070224: 516 To support interrupt filtering a modification to the newbus API 517 has occurred, ABI was broken and __FreeBSD_version was bumped 518 to 700031. Please make sure that your kernel and modules are in 519 sync. For more info: 520 http://docs.freebsd.org/cgi/mid.cgi?20070221233124.GA13941 521 52220070224: 523 The IPv6 multicast forwarding code may now be loaded into GENERIC 524 kernels by loading the ip_mroute.ko module. This is built into the 525 module unless WITHOUT_INET6 or WITHOUT_INET6_SUPPORT options are 526 set; see src.conf(5) for more information. 527 52820070214: 529 The output of netstat -r has changed. Without -n, we now only 530 print a "network name" without the prefix length if the network 531 address and mask exactly match a Class A/B/C network, and an entry 532 exists in the nsswitch "networks" map. 533 With -n, we print the full unabbreviated CIDR network prefix in 534 the form "a.b.c.d/p". 0.0.0.0/0 is always printed as "default". 535 This change is in preparation for changes such as equal-cost 536 multipath, and to more generally assist operational deployment 537 of FreeBSD as a modern IPv4 router. 538 53920070210: 540 PIM has been turned on by default in the IPv4 multicast 541 routing code. The kernel option 'PIM' has now been removed. 542 PIM is now built by default if option 'MROUTING' is specified. 543 It may now be loaded into GENERIC kernels by loading the 544 ip_mroute.ko module. 545 54620070207: 547 Support for IPIP tunnels (VIFF_TUNNEL) in IPv4 multicast routing 548 has been removed. Its functionality may be achieved by explicitly 549 configuring gif(4) interfaces and using the 'phyint' keyword in 550 mrouted.conf. 551 XORP does not support source-routed IPv4 multicast tunnels nor the 552 integrated IPIP tunneling, therefore it is not affected by this 553 change. The __FreeBSD_version macro has been bumped to 700030. 554 55520061221: 556 Support for PCI Message Signalled Interrupts has been 557 re-enabled in the bge driver, only for those chips which are 558 believed to support it properly. If there are any problems, 559 MSI can be disabled completely by setting the 560 'hw.pci.enable_msi' and 'hw.pci.enable_msix' tunables to 0 561 in the loader. 562 56320061214: 564 Support for PCI Message Signalled Interrupts has been 565 disabled again in the bge driver. Many revisions of the 566 hardware fail to support it properly. Support can be 567 re-enabled by removing the #define of BGE_DISABLE_MSI in 568 "src/sys/dev/bge/if_bge.c". 569 57020061214: 571 Support for PCI Message Signalled Interrupts has been added 572 to the bge driver. If there are any problems, MSI can be 573 disabled completely by setting the 'hw.pci.enable_msi' and 574 'hw.pci.enable_msix' tunables to 0 in the loader. 575 57620061205: 577 The removal of several facets of the experimental Threading 578 system from the kernel means that the proc and thread structures 579 have changed quite a bit. I suggest all kernel modules that might 580 reference these structures be recompiled.. Especially the 581 linux module. 582 58320061126: 584 Sound infrastructure has been updated with various fixes and 585 improvements. Most of the changes are pretty much transparent, 586 with exceptions of followings: 587 1) All sound driver specific sysctls (hw.snd.pcm%d.*) have been 588 moved to their own dev sysctl nodes, for example: 589 hw.snd.pcm0.vchans -> dev.pcm.0.vchans 590 2) /dev/dspr%d.%d has been deprecated. Each channel now has its 591 own chardev in the form of "dsp%d.<function>%d", where <function> 592 is p = playback, r = record and v = virtual, respectively. Users 593 are encouraged to use these devs instead of (old) "/dev/dsp%d.%d". 594 This does not affect those who are using "/dev/dsp". 595 59620061122: 597 geom(4)'s gmirror(8) class metadata structure has been 598 rev'd from v3 to v4. If you update across this point and 599 your metadata is converted for you, you will not be easily 600 able to downgrade since the /boot/kernel.old/geom_mirror.ko 601 kernel module will be unable to read the v4 metadata. You 602 can resolve this by doing from the loader(8) prompt: 603 604 set vfs.root.mountfrom="ufs:/dev/XXX" 605 606 where XXX is the root slice of one of the disks that composed 607 the mirror (i.e.: /dev/ad0s1a). You can then rebuild 608 the array the same way you built it originally. 609 61020061122: 611 The following binaries have been disconnected from the build: 612 mount_devfs, mount_ext2fs, mount_fdescfs, mount_procfs, mount_linprocfs, 613 and mount_std. The functionality of these programs has been 614 moved into the mount program. For example, to mount a devfs 615 filesystem, instead of using mount_devfs, use: "mount -t devfs". 616 This does not affect entries in /etc/fstab, since entries in 617 /etc/fstab are always processed with "mount -t fstype". 618 61920061113: 620 Support for PCI Message Signalled Interrupts on i386 and amd64 621 has been added to the kernel and various drivers will soon be 622 updated to use MSI when it is available. If there are any problems, 623 MSI can be disabled completely by setting the 'hw.pci.enable_msi' 624 and 'hw.pci.enable_msix' tunables to 0 in the loader. 625 62620061110: 627 The MUTEX_PROFILING option has been renamed to LOCK_PROFILING. 628 The lockmgr object layout has been changed as a result of having 629 a lock_object embedded in it. As a consequence all file system 630 kernel modules must be re-compiled. The mutex profiling man page 631 has not yet been updated to reflect this change. 632 63320061026: 634 KSE in the kernel has now been made optional and turned on by 635 default. Use 'nooption KSE' in your kernel config to turn it 636 off. All kernel modules *must* be recompiled after this change. 637 There-after, modules from a KSE kernel should be compatible with 638 modules from a NOKSE kernel due to the temporary padding fields 639 added to 'struct proc'. 640 64120060929: 642 mrouted and its utilities have been removed from the base system. 643 64420060927: 645 Some ioctl(2) command codes have changed. Full backward ABI 646 compatibility is provided if the "options COMPAT_FREEBSD6" is 647 present in the kernel configuration file. Make sure to add 648 this option to your kernel config file, or recompile X.Org 649 and the rest of ports; otherwise they may refuse to work. 650 65120060924: 652 tcpslice has been removed from the base system. 653 65420060913: 655 The sizes of struct tcpcb (and struct xtcpcb) have changed due to 656 the rewrite of TCP syncookies. Tools like netstat, sockstat, and 657 systat needs to be rebuilt. 658 65920060903: 660 libpcap updated to v0.9.4 and tcpdump to v3.9.4 661 66220060816: 663 The IPFIREWALL_FORWARD_EXTENDED option is gone and the behaviour 664 for IPFIREWALL_FORWARD is now as it was before when it was first 665 committed and for years after. The behaviour is now ON. 666 66720060725: 668 enigma(1)/crypt(1) utility has been changed on 64 bit architectures. 669 Now it can decrypt files created from different architectures. 670 Unfortunately, it is no longer able to decrypt a cipher text 671 generated with an older version on 64 bit architectures. 672 If you have such a file, you need old utility to decrypt it. 673 67420060709: 675 The interface version of the i4b kernel part has changed. So 676 after updating the kernel sources and compiling a new kernel, 677 the i4b user space tools in "/usr/src/usr.sbin/i4b" must also 678 be rebuilt, and vice versa. 679 68020060627: 681 The XBOX kernel now defaults to the nfe(4) driver instead of 682 the nve(4) driver. Please update your configuration 683 accordingly. 684 68520060514: 686 The i386-only lnc(4) driver for the AMD Am7900 LANCE and Am79C9xx 687 PCnet family of NICs has been removed. The new le(4) driver serves 688 as an equivalent but cross-platform replacement with the pcn(4) 689 driver still providing performance-optimized support for the subset 690 of AMD Am79C971 PCnet-FAST and greater chips as before. 691 69220060511: 693 The machdep.* sysctls and the adjkerntz utility have been 694 modified a bit. The new adjkerntz utility uses the new 695 sysctl names and sysctlbyname() calls, so it may be impossible 696 to run an old /sbin/adjkerntz utility in single-user mode 697 with a new kernel. Replace the `adjkerntz -i' step before 698 `make installworld' with: 699 700 /usr/obj/usr/src/sbin/adjkerntz/adjkerntz -i 701 702 and proceed as usual with the rest of the installworld-stage 703 steps. Otherwise, you risk installing binaries with their 704 timestamp set several hours in the future, especially if 705 you are running with local time set to GMT+X hours. 706 70720060412: 708 The ip6fw utility has been removed. The behavior provided by 709 ip6fw has been in ipfw2 for a good while and the rc.d scripts 710 have been updated to deal with it. There are some rules that 711 might not migrate cleanly. Use rc.firewall6 as a template to 712 rewrite rules. 713 71420060428: 715 The puc(4) driver has been overhauled. The ebus(4) and sbus(4) 716 attachments have been removed. Make sure to configure scc(4) 717 on sparc64. Note also that by default puc(4) will use uart(4) 718 and not sio(4) for serial ports because interrupt handling has 719 been optimized for multi-port serial cards and only uart(4) 720 implements the interface to support it. 721 72220060330: 723 The scc(4) driver replaces puc(4) for Serial Communications 724 Controllers (SCCs) like the Siemens SAB82532 and the Zilog 725 Z8530. On sparc64, it is advised to add scc(4) to the kernel 726 configuration to make sure that the serial ports remain 727 functional. 728 72920060317: 730 Most world/kernel related NO_* build options changed names. 731 New knobs have common prefixes WITHOUT_*/WITH_* (modelled 732 after FreeBSD ports) and should be set in /etc/src.conf 733 (the src.conf(5) manpage is provided). Full backwards 734 compatibility is maintained for the time being though it's 735 highly recommended to start moving old options out of the 736 system-wide /etc/make.conf file into the new /etc/src.conf 737 while also properly renaming them. More conversions will 738 likely follow. Posting to current@: 739 740 http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-current/2006-March/061725.html 741 74220060305: 743 The NETSMBCRYPTO kernel option has been retired because its 744 functionality is always included in NETSMB and smbfs.ko now. 745 74620060303: 747 The TDFX_LINUX kernel option was retired and replaced by the 748 tdfx_linux device. The latter can be loaded as the 3dfx_linux.ko 749 kernel module. Loading it alone should suffice to get 3dfx support 750 for Linux apps because it will pull in 3dfx.ko and linux.ko through 751 its dependencies. 752 75320060204: 754 The 'audit' group was added to support the new auditing functionality 755 in the base system. Be sure to follow the directions for updating, 756 including the requirement to run mergemaster -p. 757 75820060201: 759 The kernel ABI to file system modules was changed on i386. 760 Please make sure that your kernel and modules are in sync. 761 76220060118: 763 This actually occured some time ago, but installing the kernel 764 now also installs a bunch of symbol files for the kernel modules. 765 This increases the size of /boot/kernel to about 67Mbytes. You 766 will need twice this if you will eventually back this up to kernel.old 767 on your next install. 768 If you have a shortage of room in your root partition, you should add 769 -DINSTALL_NODEBUG to your make arguments or add INSTALL_NODEBUG="yes" 770 to your /etc/make.conf. 771 77220060113: 773 libc's malloc implementation has been replaced. This change has the 774 potential to uncover application bugs that previously went unnoticed. 775 See the malloc(3) manual page for more details. 776 77720060112: 778 The generic netgraph(4) cookie has been changed. If you upgrade 779 kernel passing this point, you also need to upgrade userland 780 and netgraph(4) utilities like ports/net/mpd or ports/net/mpd4. 781 78220060106: 783 si(4)'s device files now contain the unit number. 784 Uses of {cua,tty}A[0-9a-f] should be replaced by {cua,tty}A0[0-9a-f]. 785 78620060106: 787 The kernel ABI was mostly destroyed due to a change in the size 788 of struct lock_object which is nested in other structures such 789 as mutexes which are nested in all sorts of other structures. 790 Make sure your kernel and modules are in sync. 791 79220051231: 793 The page coloring algorithm in the VM subsystem was converted 794 from tuning with kernel options to autotuning. Please remove 795 any PQ_* option except PQ_NOOPT from your kernel config. 796 79720051211: 798 The net80211-related tools in the tools/tools/ath directory 799 have been moved to tools/tools/net80211 and renamed with a 800 "wlan" prefix. Scripts that use them should be adjusted 801 accordingly. 802 80320051202: 804 Scripts in the local_startup directories (as defined in 805 /etc/defaults/rc.conf) that have the new rc.d semantics will 806 now be run as part of the base system rcorder. If there are 807 errors or problems with one of these local scripts, it could 808 cause boot problems. If you encounter such problems, boot in 809 single user mode, remove that script from the */rc.d directory. 810 Please report the problem to the port's maintainer, and the 811 freebsd-ports@freebsd.org mailing list. 812 81320051129: 814 The nodev mount option was deprecated in RELENG_6 (where it 815 was a no-op), and is now unsupported. If you have nodev or dev listed 816 in /etc/fstab, remove it, otherwise it will result in a mount error. 817 81820051129: 819 ABI between ipfw(4) and ipfw(8) has been changed. You need 820 to rebuild ipfw(8) when rebuilding kernel. 821 82220051108: 823 rp(4)'s device files now contain the unit number. 824 Uses of {cua,tty}R[0-9a-f] should be replaced by {cua,tty}R0[0-9a-f]. 825 82620051029: 827 /etc/rc.d/ppp-user has been renamed to /etc/rc.d/ppp. 828 Its /etc/rc.conf.d configuration file has been `ppp' from 829 the beginning, and hence there is no need to touch it. 830 83120051014: 832 Now most modules get their build-time options from the kernel 833 configuration file. A few modules still have fixed options 834 due to their non-conformant implementation, but they will be 835 corrected eventually. You may need to review the options of 836 the modules in use, explicitly specify the non-default options 837 in the kernel configuration file, and rebuild the kernel and 838 modules afterwards. 839 84020051001: 841 kern.polling.enable sysctl MIB is now deprecated. Use ifconfig(8) 842 to turn polling(4) on your interfaces. 843 84420050927: 845 The old bridge(4) implementation was retired. The new 846 if_bridge(4) serves as a full functional replacement. 847 84820050722: 849 The ai_addrlen of a struct addrinfo was changed to a socklen_t 850 to conform to POSIX-2001. This change broke an ABI 851 compatibility on 64 bit architecture. You have to recompile 852 userland programs that use getaddrinfo(3) on 64 bit 853 architecture. 854 85520050711: 856 RELENG_6 branched here. 857 85820050629: 859 The pccard_ifconfig rc.conf variable has been removed and a new 860 variable, ifconfig_DEFAULT has been introduced. Unlike 861 pccard_ifconfig, ifconfig_DEFAULT applies to ALL interfaces that 862 do not have ifconfig_ifn entries rather than just those in 863 removable_interfaces. 864 86520050616: 866 Some previous versions of PAM have permitted the use of 867 non-absolute paths in /etc/pam.conf or /etc/pam.d/* when referring 868 to third party PAM modules in /usr/local/lib. A change has been 869 made to require the use of absolute paths in order to avoid 870 ambiguity and dependence on library path configuration, which may 871 affect existing configurations. 872 87320050610: 874 Major changes to network interface API. All drivers must be 875 recompiled. Drivers not in the base system will need to be 876 updated to the new APIs. 877 87820050609: 879 Changes were made to kinfo_proc in sys/user.h. Please recompile 880 userland, or commands like `fstat', `pkill', `ps', `top' and `w' 881 will not behave correctly. 882 883 The API and ABI for hwpmc(4) have changed with the addition 884 of sampling support. Please recompile lib/libpmc(3) and 885 usr.sbin/{pmcstat,pmccontrol}. 886 88720050606: 888 The OpenBSD dhclient was imported in place of the ISC dhclient 889 and the network interface configuration scripts were updated 890 accordingly. If you use DHCP to configure your interfaces, you 891 must now run devd. Also, DNS updating was lost so you will need 892 to find a workaround if you use this feature. 893 894 The '_dhcp' user was added to support the OpenBSD dhclient. Be 895 sure to run mergemaster -p (like you are supposed to do every time 896 anyway). 897 89820050605: 899 if_bridge was added to the tree. This has changed struct ifnet. 900 Please recompile userland and all network related modules. 901 90220050603: 903 The n_net of a struct netent was changed to an uint32_t, and 904 1st argument of getnetbyaddr() was changed to an uint32_t, to 905 conform to POSIX-2001. These changes broke an ABI 906 compatibility on 64 bit architecture. With these changes, 907 shlib major of libpcap was bumped. You have to recompile 908 userland programs that use getnetbyaddr(3), getnetbyname(3), 909 getnetent(3) and/or libpcap on 64 bit architecture. 910 91120050528: 912 Kernel parsing of extra options on '#!' first lines of shell 913 scripts has changed. Lines with multiple options likely will 914 fail after this date. For full details, please see 915 http://people.freebsd.org/~gad/Updating-20050528.txt 916 91720050503: 918 The packet filter (pf) code has been updated to OpenBSD 3.7 919 Please note the changed anchor syntax and the fact that 920 authpf(8) now needs a mounted fdescfs(5) to function. 921 92220050415: 923 The NO_MIXED_MODE kernel option has been removed from the i386 924 amd64 platforms as its use has been superceded by the new local 925 APIC timer code. Any kernel config files containing this option 926 should be updated. 927 92820050227: 929 The on-disk format of LC_CTYPE files was changed to be machine 930 independent. Please make sure NOT to use NO_CLEAN buildworld 931 when crossing this point. Crossing this point also requires 932 recompile or reinstall of all locale depended packages. 933 93420050225: 935 The ifi_epoch member of struct if_data has been changed to 936 contain the uptime at which the interface was created or the 937 statistics zeroed rather then the wall clock time because 938 wallclock time may go backwards. This should have no impact 939 unless an snmp implementation is using this value (I know of 940 none at this point.) 941 94220050224: 943 The acpi_perf and acpi_throttle drivers are now part of the 944 acpi(4) main module. They are no longer built separately. 945 94620050223: 947 The layout of struct image_params has changed. You have to 948 recompile all compatibility modules (linux, svr4, etc) for use 949 with the new kernel. 950 95120050223: 952 The p4tcc driver has been merged into cpufreq(4). This makes 953 "options CPU_ENABLE_TCC" obsolete. Please load cpufreq.ko or 954 compile in "device cpufreq" to restore this functionality. 955 95620050220: 957 The responsibility of recomputing the file system summary of 958 a SoftUpdates-enabled dirty volume has been transferred to the 959 background fsck. A rebuild of fsck(8) utility is recommended 960 if you have updated the kernel. 961 962 To get the old behavior (recompute file system summary at mount 963 time), you can set vfs.ffs.compute_summary_at_mount=1 before 964 mounting the new volume. 965 96620050206: 967 The cpufreq import is complete. As part of this, the sysctls for 968 acpi(4) throttling have been removed. The power_profile script 969 has been updated, so you can use performance/economy_cpu_freq in 970 rc.conf(5) to set AC on/offline cpu frequencies. 971 97220050206: 973 NG_VERSION has been increased. Recompiling kernel (or ng_socket.ko) 974 requires recompiling libnetgraph and userland netgraph utilities. 975 97620050114: 977 Support for abbreviated forms of a number of ipfw options is 978 now deprecated. Warnings are printed to stderr indicating the 979 correct full form when a match occurs. Some abbreviations may 980 be supported at a later date based on user feedback. To be 981 considered for support, abbreviations must be in use prior to 982 this commit and unlikely to be confused with current key words. 983 98420041221: 985 By a popular demand, a lot of NOFOO options were renamed 986 to NO_FOO (see bsd.compat.mk for a full list). The old 987 spellings are still supported, but will cause annoying 988 warnings on stderr. Make sure you upgrade properly (see 989 the COMMON ITEMS: section later in this file). 990 99120041219: 992 Auto-loading of ancillary wlan modules such as wlan_wep has 993 been temporarily disabled; you need to statically configure 994 the modules you need into your kernel or explicitly load them 995 prior to use. Specifically, if you intend to use WEP encryption 996 with an 802.11 device load/configure wlan_wep; if you want to 997 use WPA with the ath driver load/configure wlan_tkip, wlan_ccmp, 998 and wlan_xauth as required. 999 100020041213: 1001 The behaviour of ppp(8) has changed slightly. If lqr is enabled 1002 (``enable lqr''), older versions would revert to LCP ECHO mode on 1003 negotiation failure. Now, ``enable echo'' is required for this 1004 behaviour. The ppp version number has been bumped to 3.4.2 to 1005 reflect the change. 1006 100720041201: 1008 The wlan support has been updated to split the crypto support 1009 into separate modules. For static WEP you must configure the 1010 wlan_wep module in your system or build and install the module 1011 in place where it can be loaded (the kernel will auto-load 1012 the module when a wep key is configured). 1013 101420041201: 1015 The ath driver has been updated to split the tx rate control 1016 algorithm into a separate module. You need to include either 1017 ath_rate_onoe or ath_rate_amrr when configuring the kernel. 1018 101920041116: 1020 Support for systems with an 80386 CPU has been removed. Please 1021 use FreeBSD 5.x or earlier on systems with an 80386. 1022 102320041110: 1024 We have had a hack which would mount the root filesystem 1025 R/W if the device were named 'md*'. As part of the vnode 1026 work I'm doing I have had to remove this hack. People 1027 building systems which use preloaded MD root filesystems 1028 may need to insert a "/sbin/mount -u -o rw /dev/md0 /" in 1029 their /etc/rc scripts. 1030 103120041104: 1032 FreeBSD 5.3 shipped here. 1033 103420041102: 1035 The size of struct tcpcb has changed again due to the removal 1036 of RFC1644 T/TCP. You have to recompile userland programs that 1037 read kmem for tcp sockets directly (netstat, sockstat, etc.) 1038 103920041022: 1040 The size of struct tcpcb has changed. You have to recompile 1041 userland programs that read kmem for tcp sockets directly 1042 (netstat, sockstat, etc.) 1043 104420041016: 1045 RELENG_5 branched here. For older entries, please see updating 1046 in the RELENG_5 branch. 1047 1048COMMON ITEMS: 1049 1050 General Notes 1051 ------------- 1052 Avoid using make -j when upgrading. From time to time in the 1053 past there have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or 1054 installworld. This is especially true when upgrading between 1055 "distant" versions (eg one that cross a major release boundary 1056 or several minor releases, or when several months have passed 1057 on the -current branch). 1058 1059 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment 1060 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its 1061 environment when searching for values for global variables. 1062 To run your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", 1063 prefix all make commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual 1064 page for more details. 1065 1066 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally 1067 best to upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch 1068 first, then do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested 1069 upgrade path, and has the highest probability of being successful. 1070 Please try this approach before reporting problems with a major 1071 version upgrade. 1072 1073 To build a kernel 1074 ----------------- 1075 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just 1076 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most 1077 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld, 1078 1079 make kernel-toolchain 1080 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1081 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1082 1083 To test a kernel once 1084 --------------------- 1085 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure 1086 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide 1087 debugging information) run 1088 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel 1089 nextboot -k testkernel 1090 1091 To just build a kernel when you know that it won't mess you up 1092 -------------------------------------------------------------- 1093 This assumes you are already running a 5.X system. Replace 1094 ${arch} with the architecture of your machine (e.g. "i386", 1095 "alpha", "amd64", "ia64", "pc98", "sparc64", etc). 1096 1097 cd src/sys/${arch}/conf 1098 config KERNEL_NAME_HERE 1099 cd ../compile/KERNEL_NAME_HERE 1100 make depend 1101 make 1102 make install 1103 1104 If this fails, go to the "To build a kernel" section. 1105 1106 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system. 1107 ----------------------------------------------------------- 1108 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than 1109 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current. 1110 1111 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 1112 make buildworld 1113 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1114 [1] 1115 <reboot in single user> [3] 1116 mergemaster -p [5] 1117 make installworld 1118 make delete-old 1119 mergemaster [4] 1120 <reboot> 1121 1122 1123 To cross-install current onto a separate partition 1124 -------------------------------------------------- 1125 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold 1126 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition 1127 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in 1128 # size. 1129 1130 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 1131 <boot into -stable> 1132 make buildworld 1133 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1134 <maybe newfs current's root partition> 1135 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}> 1136 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 1137 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd 1138 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 1139 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd 1140 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition> 1141 <reboot into current> 1142 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section> 1143 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*> 1144 <reboot> 1145 1146 1147 To upgrade in-place from 5.x-stable to current 1148 ---------------------------------------------- 1149 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 1150 make buildworld [9] 1151 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8] 1152 [1] 1153 <reboot in single user> [3] 1154 mergemaster -p [5] 1155 make installworld 1156 make delete-old 1157 mergemaster -i [4] 1158 <reboot> 1159 1160 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the 1161 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life 1162 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own 1163 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of 1164 the UPDATING entries. 1165 1166 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to 1167 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update 1168 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent 1169 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has 1170 much fewer pitfalls. 1171 1172 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you 1173 should disable them at this point so they don't crash your 1174 system on reboot. 1175 1176 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do 1177 fsck -p 1178 mount -u / 1179 mount -a 1180 cd src 1181 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time 1182 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that 1183 you boot into single user mode to do the installworld. 1184 1185 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step 1186 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the 1187 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those 1188 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well 1189 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists 1190 for potential gotchas. 1191 1192 [5] Usually this step is a noop. However, from time to time 1193 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following 1194 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to 1195 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make 1196 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated 1197 from current before 20020224 or from -stable before 20020408. 1198 1199 [8] In order to have a kernel that can run the 4.x binaries 1200 needed to do an installworld, you must include the COMPAT_FREEBSD4 1201 option in your kernel. Failure to do so may leave you with a system 1202 that is hard to boot to recover. A similar kernel option COMPAT_FREEBSD5 1203 is required to run the 5.x binaries on more recent kernels. 1204 1205 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the 1206 last time you updated your kernel config file. 1207 1208 [9] When checking out sources, you must include the -P flag to have 1209 cvs prune empty directories. 1210 1211 If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the 1212 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can 1213 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to. 1214 1215 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and 1216 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will 1217 warn if it is improperly defined. 1218FORMAT: 1219 1220This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major 1221breakages in tracking -current. Not all things will be listed here, 1222and it only starts on October 16, 2004. Updating files can found in 1223previous releases if your system is older than this. 1224 1225Copyright information: 1226 1227Copyright 1998-2005 M. Warner Losh. All Rights Reserved. 1228 1229Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without 1230modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this 1231document are permitted without further permission from the author. 1232 1233THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 1234IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 1235WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE 1236DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, 1237INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES 1238(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR 1239SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 1240HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, 1241STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING 1242IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 1243POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 1244 1245If you find this document useful, and you want to, you may buy the 1246author a beer. 1247 1248Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of 1249this document. 1250 1251$FreeBSD: head/UPDATING 188710 2009-02-17 11:55:50Z mtm $ 1252