UPDATING revision 187989
1223183SjillesUpdating Information for FreeBSD current users 2223183Sjilles 3223183SjillesThis file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh 4<imp@village.org>. See end of file for further details. For commonly 5done items, please see the COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. 6 7Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in 8/usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before running 9portupgrade. 10 11NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 8.x IS SLOW: 12 FreeBSD 8.x has many debugging features turned on, in 13 both the kernel and userland. These features attempt to detect 14 incorrect use of system primitives, and encourage loud failure 15 through extra sanity checking and fail stop semantics. They 16 also substantially impact system performance. If you want to 17 do performance measurement, benchmarking, and optimization, 18 you'll want to turn them off. This includes various WITNESS- 19 related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc debugging flags 20 in userland, and various verbose features in the kernel. Many 21 developers choose to disable these features on build machines 22 to maximize performance. (To disable malloc debugging, run 23 ln -s aj /etc/malloc.conf.) 24 2520090201: 26 INET6 statistics (struct ip6stat) was updated. 27 netstat(1) needs to be recompiled. 28 2920090119: 30 NTFS has been removed from GENERIC kernel on amd64 to match 31 GENERIC on i386. Should not cause any issues since mount_ntfs(8) 32 will load ntfs.ko module automatically when NTFS support is 33 actually needed, unless ntfs.ko is not installed or security 34 level prohibits loading kernel modules. If either is the case, 35 "options NTFS" has to be added into kernel config. 36 3720090115: 38 TCP Appropriate Byte Counting (RFC 3465) support added to kernel. 39 New field in struct tcpcb breaks ABI, so bump __FreeBSD_version to 40 800061. User space tools that rely on the size of struct tcpcb in 41 tcp_var.h (e.g. sockstat) need to be recompiled. 42 4320081225: 44 ng_tty(4) module updated to match the new TTY subsystem. 45 Due to API change, user-level applications must be updated. 46 New API support added to mpd5 CVS and expected to be present 47 in next mpd5.3 release. 48 4920081219: 50 With __FreeBSD_version 800060 the makefs tool is part of 51 the base system (it was a port). 52 5320081216: 54 The afdata and ifnet locks have been changed from mutexes to 55 rwlocks, network modules will need to be re-compiled. 56 5720081214: 58 __FreeBSD_version 800059 incorporates the new arp-v2 rewrite. 59 RTF_CLONING, RTF_LLINFO and RTF_WASCLONED flags are eliminated. 60 The new code reduced struct rtentry{} by 16 bytes on 32-bit 61 architecture and 40 bytes on 64-bit architecture. The userland 62 applications "arp" and "ndp" have been updated accordingly. 63 The output from "netstat -r" shows only routing entries and 64 none of the L2 information. 65 6620081130: 67 __FreeBSD_version 800057 marks the switchover from the 68 binary ath hal to source code. Users must add the line: 69 70 options AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 71 72 to their kernel config files when specifying: 73 74 device ath_hal 75 76 The ath_hal module no longer exists; the code is now compiled 77 together with the driver in the ath module. It is now 78 possible to tailor chip support (i.e. reduce the set of chips 79 and thereby the code size); consult ath_hal(4) for details. 80 8120081121: 82 __FreeBSD_version 800054 adds memory barriers to 83 <machine/atomic.h>, new interfaces to ifnet to facilitate 84 multiple hardware transmit queues for cards that support 85 them, and a lock-less ring-buffer implementation to 86 enable drivers to more efficiently manage queueing of 87 packets. 88 8920081117: 90 A new version of ZFS (version 13) has been merged to -HEAD. 91 This version has zpool attribute "listsnapshots" off by 92 default, which means "zfs list" does not show snapshots, 93 and is the same as Solaris behavior. 94 9520081028: 96 dummynet(4) ABI has changed. ipfw(8) needs to be recompiled. 97 9820081009: 99 The uhci, ohci, ehci and slhci USB Host controller drivers have 100 been put into separate modules. If you load the usb module 101 separately through loader.conf you will need to load the 102 appropriate *hci module as well. E.g. for a UHCI-based USB 2.0 103 controller add the following to loader.conf: 104 105 uhci_load="YES" 106 ehci_load="YES" 107 10820081009: 109 The ABI used by the PMC toolset has changed. Please keep 110 userland (libpmc(3)) and the kernel module (hwpmc(4)) in 111 sync. 112 11320080820: 114 The TTY subsystem of the kernel has been replaced by a new 115 implementation, which provides better scalability and an 116 improved driver model. Most common drivers have been migrated to 117 the new TTY subsystem, while others have not. The following 118 drivers have not yet been ported to the new TTY layer: 119 120 PCI/ISA: 121 cy, digi, rc, rp, sio 122 123 USB: 124 ubser, ucycom 125 126 Line disciplines: 127 ng_h4, ng_tty, ppp, sl, snp 128 129 Adding these drivers to your kernel configuration file shall 130 cause compilation to fail. 131 13220080818: 133 ntpd has been upgraded to 4.2.4p5. 134 13520080801: 136 OpenSSH has been upgraded to 5.1p1. 137 138 For many years, FreeBSD's version of OpenSSH preferred DSA 139 over RSA for host and user authentication keys. With this 140 upgrade, we've switched to the vendor's default of RSA over 141 DSA. This may cause upgraded clients to warn about unknown 142 host keys even for previously known hosts. Users should 143 follow the usual procedure for verifying host keys before 144 accepting the RSA key. 145 146 This can be circumvented by setting the "HostKeyAlgorithms" 147 option to "ssh-dss,ssh-rsa" in ~/.ssh/config or on the ssh 148 command line. 149 150 Please note that the sequence of keys offered for 151 authentication has been changed as well. You may want to 152 specify IdentityFile in a different order to revert this 153 behavior. 154 15520080713: 156 The sio(4) driver has been removed from the i386 and amd64 157 kernel configuration files. This means uart(4) is now the 158 default serial port driver on those platforms as well. 159 160 To prevent collisions with the sio(4) driver, the uart(4) driver 161 uses different names for its device nodes. This means the 162 onboard serial port will now most likely be called "ttyu0" 163 instead of "ttyd0". You may need to reconfigure applications to 164 use the new device names. 165 166 When using the serial port as a boot console, be sure to update 167 /boot/device.hints and /etc/ttys before booting the new kernel. 168 If you forget to do so, you can still manually specify the hints 169 at the loader prompt: 170 171 set hint.uart.0.at="isa" 172 set hint.uart.0.port="0x3F8" 173 set hint.uart.0.flags="0x10" 174 set hint.uart.0.irq="4" 175 boot -s 176 17720080609: 178 The gpt(8) utility has been removed. Use gpart(8) to partition 179 disks instead. 180 18120080603: 182 The version that Linuxulator emulates was changed from 2.4.2 183 to 2.6.16. If you experience any problems with Linux binaries 184 please try to set sysctl compat.linux.osrelease to 2.4.2 and 185 if it fixes the problem contact emulation mailing list. 186 18720080525: 188 ISDN4BSD (I4B) was removed from the src tree. You may need to 189 update a your kernel configuration and remove relevant entries. 190 19120080509: 192 I have checked in code to support multiple routing tables. 193 See the man pages setfib(1) and setfib(2). 194 This is a hopefully backwards compatible version, 195 but to make use of it you need to compile your kernel 196 with options ROUTETABLES=2 (or more up to 16). 197 19820080420: 199 The 802.11 wireless support was redone to enable multi-bss 200 operation on devices that are capable. The underlying device 201 is no longer used directly but instead wlanX devices are 202 cloned with ifconfig. This requires changes to rc.conf files. 203 For example, change: 204 ifconfig_ath0="WPA DHCP" 205 to 206 wlans_ath0=wlan0 207 ifconfig_wlan0="WPA DHCP" 208 see rc.conf(5) for more details. In addition, mergemaster of 209 /etc/rc.d is highly recommended. Simultaneous update of userland 210 and kernel wouldn't hurt either. 211 212 As part of the multi-bss changes the wlan_scan_ap and wlan_scan_sta 213 modules were merged into the base wlan module. All references 214 to these modules (e.g. in kernel config files) must be removed. 215 21620080408: 217 psm(4) has gained write(2) support in native operation level. 218 Arbitrary commands can be written to /dev/psm%d and status can 219 be read back from it. Therefore, an application is responsible 220 for status validation and error recovery. It is a no-op in 221 other operation levels. 222 22320080312: 224 Support for KSE threading has been removed from the kernel. To 225 run legacy applications linked against KSE libmap.conf may 226 be used. The following libmap.conf may be used to ensure 227 compatibility with any prior release: 228 229 libpthread.so.1 libthr.so.1 230 libpthread.so.2 libthr.so.2 231 libkse.so.3 libthr.so.3 232 23320080301: 234 The layout of struct vmspace has changed. This affects libkvm 235 and any executables that link against libkvm and use the 236 kvm_getprocs() function. In particular, but not exclusively, 237 it affects ps(1), fstat(1), pkill(1), systat(1), top(1) and w(1). 238 The effects are minimal, but it's advisable to upgrade world 239 nonetheless. 240 24120080229: 242 The latest em driver no longer has support in it for the 243 82575 adapter, this is now moved to the igb driver. The 244 split was done to make new features that are incompatible 245 with older hardware easier to do. 246 24720080220: 248 The new geom_lvm(4) geom class has been renamed to geom_linux_lvm(4), 249 likewise the kernel option is now GEOM_LINUX_LVM. 250 25120080211: 252 The default NFS mount mode has changed from UDP to TCP for 253 increased reliability. If you rely on (insecurely) NFS 254 mounting across a firewall you may need to update your 255 firewall rules. 256 25720080208: 258 Belatedly note the addition of m_collapse for compacting 259 mbuf chains. 260 26120080126: 262 The fts(3) structures have been changed to use adequate 263 integer types for their members and so to be able to cope 264 with huge file trees. The old fts(3) ABI is preserved 265 through symbol versioning in libc, so third-party binaries 266 using fts(3) should still work, although they will not take 267 advantage of the extended types. At the same time, some 268 third-party software might fail to build after this change 269 due to unportable assumptions made in its source code about 270 fts(3) structure members. Such software should be fixed 271 by its vendor or, in the worst case, in the ports tree. 272 FreeBSD_version 800015 marks this change for the unlikely 273 case that a portable fix is impossible. 274 27520080123: 276 To upgrade to -current after this date, you must be running 277 FreeBSD not older than 6.0-RELEASE. Upgrading to -current 278 from 5.x now requires a stop over at RELENG_6 or RELENG_7 systems. 279 28020071128: 281 The ADAPTIVE_GIANT kernel option has been retired because its 282 functionality is the default now. 283 28420071118: 285 The AT keyboard emulation of sunkbd(4) has been turned on 286 by default. In order to make the special symbols of the Sun 287 keyboards driven by sunkbd(4) work under X these now have 288 to be configured the same way as Sun USB keyboards driven 289 by ukbd(4) (which also does AT keyboard emulation), f.e.: 290 291 Option "XkbLayout" "us" 292 Option "XkbRules" "xorg" 293 Option "XkbSymbols" "pc(pc105)+sun_vndr/usb(sun_usb)+us" 294 29520071024: 296 It has been decided that it is desirable to provide ABI 297 backwards compatibility to the FreeBSD 4/5/6 versions of the 298 PCIOCGETCONF, PCIOCREAD and PCIOCWRITE IOCTLs, which was 299 broken with the introduction of PCI domain support (see the 300 20070930 entry). Unfortunately, this required the ABI of 301 PCIOCGETCONF to be broken again in order to be able to 302 provide backwards compatibility to the old version of that 303 IOCTL. Thus consumers of PCIOCGETCONF have to be recompiled 304 again. As for prominent ports this affects neither pciutils 305 nor xorg-server this time, the hal port needs to be rebuilt 306 however. 307 30820071020: 309 The misnamed kthread_create() and friends have been renamed 310 to kproc_create() etc. Many of the callers already 311 used kproc_start().. 312 I will return kthread_create() and friends in a while 313 with implementations that actually create threads, not procs. 314 Renaming corresponds with version 800002. 315 31620071010: 317 RELENG_7 branched. 318 31920071009: 320 Setting WITHOUT_LIBPTHREAD now means WITHOUT_LIBKSE and 321 WITHOUT_LIBTHR are set. 322 32320070930: 324 The PCI code has been made aware of PCI domains. This means that 325 the location strings as used by pciconf(8) etc are now in the 326 following format: pci<domain>:<bus>:<device>[:<function>]. It 327 also means that consumers of <sys/pciio.h> potentially need to 328 be recompiled; this includes the hal and xorg-server ports. 329 33020070928: 331 The caching daemon (cached) was renamed to nscd. nscd.conf 332 configuration file should be used instead of cached.conf and 333 nscd_enable, nscd_pidfile and nscd_flags options should be used 334 instead of cached_enable, cached_pidfile and cached_flags in 335 rc.conf. 336 33720070921: 338 The getfacl(1) utility now prints owning user and group name 339 instead of owning uid and gid in the three line comment header. 340 This is the same behavior as getfacl(1) on Solaris and Linux. 341 34220070704: 343 The new IPsec code is now compiled in using the IPSEC option. The 344 IPSEC option now requires "device crypto" be defined in your kernel 345 configuration. The FAST_IPSEC kernel option is now deprecated. 346 34720070702: 348 The packet filter (pf) code has been updated to OpenBSD 4.1 Please 349 note the changed syntax - keep state is now on by default. Also 350 note the fact that ftp-proxy(8) has been changed from bottom up and 351 has been moved from libexec to usr/sbin. Changes in the ALTQ 352 handling also affect users of IPFW's ALTQ capabilities. 353 35420070701: 355 Remove KAME IPsec in favor of FAST_IPSEC, which is now the 356 only IPsec supported by FreeBSD. The new IPsec stack 357 supports both IPv4 and IPv6. The kernel option will change 358 after the code changes have settled in. For now the kernel 359 option IPSEC is deprecated and FAST_IPSEC is the only option, that 360 will change after some settling time. 361 36220070701: 363 The wicontrol(8) utility has been removed from the base system. wi(4) 364 cards should be configured using ifconfig(8), see the man page for more 365 information. 366 36720070612: 368 The i386/amd64 GENERIC kernel now defaults to the nfe(4) driver 369 instead of the nve(4) driver. Please update your configuration 370 accordingly. 371 37220070612: 373 By default, /etc/rc.d/sendmail no longer rebuilds the aliases 374 database if it is missing or older than the aliases file. If 375 desired, set the new rc.conf option sendmail_rebuild_aliases 376 to "YES" to restore that functionality. 377 37820070612: 379 The IPv4 multicast socket code has been considerably modified, and 380 moved to the file sys/netinet/in_mcast.c. Initial support for the 381 RFC 3678 Source-Specific Multicast Socket API has been added to 382 the IPv4 network stack. 383 384 Strict multicast and broadcast reception is now the default for 385 UDP/IPv4 sockets; the net.inet.udp.strict_mcast_mship sysctl variable 386 has now been removed. 387 388 The RFC 1724 hack for interface selection has been removed; the use 389 of the Linux-derived ip_mreqn structure with IP_MULTICAST_IF has 390 been added to replace it. Consumers such as routed will soon be 391 updated to reflect this. 392 393 These changes affect users who are running routed(8) or rdisc(8) 394 from the FreeBSD base system on point-to-point or unnumbered 395 interfaces. 396 39720070610: 398 The net80211 layer has changed significantly and all wireless 399 drivers that depend on it need to be recompiled. Further these 400 changes require that any program that interacts with the wireless 401 support in the kernel be recompiled; this includes: ifconfig, 402 wpa_supplicant, hostapd, and wlanstats. Users must also, for 403 the moment, kldload the wlan_scan_sta and/or wlan_scan_ap modules 404 if they use modules for wireless support. These modules implement 405 scanning support for station and ap modes, respectively. Failure 406 to load the appropriate module before marking a wireless interface 407 up will result in a message to the console and the device not 408 operating properly. 409 41020070610: 411 The pam_nologin(8) module ceases to provide an authentication 412 function and starts providing an account management function. 413 Consequent changes to /etc/pam.d should be brought in using 414 mergemaster(8). Third-party files in /usr/local/etc/pam.d may 415 need manual editing as follows. Locate this line (or similar): 416 417 auth required pam_nologin.so no_warn 418 419 and change it according to this example: 420 421 account required pam_nologin.so no_warn 422 423 That is, the first word needs to be changed from "auth" to 424 "account". The new line can be moved to the account section 425 within the file for clarity. Not updating pam.conf(5) files 426 will result in nologin(5) ignored by the respective services. 427 42820070529: 429 The ether_ioctl() function has been synchronized with ioctl(2) 430 and ifnet.if_ioctl. Due to that, the size of one of its arguments 431 has changed on 64-bit architectures. All kernel modules using 432 ether_ioctl() need to be rebuilt on such architectures. 433 43420070516: 435 Improved INCLUDE_CONFIG_FILE support has been introduced to the 436 config(8) utility. In order to take advantage of this new 437 functionality, you are expected to recompile and install 438 src/usr.sbin/config. If you don't rebuild config(8), and your 439 kernel configuration depends on INCLUDE_CONFIG_FILE, the kernel 440 build will be broken because of a missing "kernconfstring" 441 symbol. 442 44320070513: 444 Symbol versioning is enabled by default. To disable it, use 445 option WITHOUT_SYMVER. It is not advisable to attempt to 446 disable symbol versioning once it is enabled; your installworld 447 will break because a symbol version-less libc will get installed 448 before the install tools. As a result, the old install tools, 449 which previously had symbol dependencies to FBSD_1.0, will fail 450 because the freshly installed libc will not have them. 451 452 The default threading library (providing "libpthread") has been 453 changed to libthr. If you wish to have libkse as your default, 454 use option DEFAULT_THREAD_LIB=libkse for the buildworld. 455 45620070423: 457 The ABI breakage in sendmail(8)'s libmilter has been repaired 458 so it is no longer necessary to recompile mail filters (aka, 459 milters). If you recompiled mail filters after the 20070408 460 note, it is not necessary to recompile them again. 461 46220070417: 463 The new trunk(4) driver has been renamed to lagg(4) as it better 464 reflects its purpose. ifconfig will need to be recompiled. 465 46620070408: 467 sendmail(8) has been updated to version 8.14.1. Mail filters 468 (aka, milters) compiled against the libmilter included in the 469 base operating system should be recompiled. 470 47120070302: 472 Firmwares for ipw(4) and iwi(4) are now included in the base tree. 473 In order to use them one must agree to the respective LICENSE in 474 share/doc/legal and define legal.intel_<name>.license_ack=1 via 475 loader.conf(5) or kenv(1). Make sure to deinstall the now 476 deprecated modules from the respective firmware ports. 477 47820070228: 479 The name resolution/mapping functions addr2ascii(3) and ascii2addr(3) 480 were removed from FreeBSD's libc. These originally came from INRIA 481 IPv6. Nothing in FreeBSD ever used them. They may be regarded as 482 deprecated in previous releases. 483 The AF_LINK support for getnameinfo(3) was merged from NetBSD to 484 replace it as a more portable (and re-entrant) API. 485 48620070224: 487 To support interrupt filtering a modification to the newbus API 488 has occurred, ABI was broken and __FreeBSD_version was bumped 489 to 700031. Please make sure that your kernel and modules are in 490 sync. For more info: 491 http://docs.freebsd.org/cgi/mid.cgi?20070221233124.GA13941 492 49320070224: 494 The IPv6 multicast forwarding code may now be loaded into GENERIC 495 kernels by loading the ip_mroute.ko module. This is built into the 496 module unless WITHOUT_INET6 or WITHOUT_INET6_SUPPORT options are 497 set; see src.conf(5) for more information. 498 49920070214: 500 The output of netstat -r has changed. Without -n, we now only 501 print a "network name" without the prefix length if the network 502 address and mask exactly match a Class A/B/C network, and an entry 503 exists in the nsswitch "networks" map. 504 With -n, we print the full unabbreviated CIDR network prefix in 505 the form "a.b.c.d/p". 0.0.0.0/0 is always printed as "default". 506 This change is in preparation for changes such as equal-cost 507 multipath, and to more generally assist operational deployment 508 of FreeBSD as a modern IPv4 router. 509 51020070210: 511 PIM has been turned on by default in the IPv4 multicast 512 routing code. The kernel option 'PIM' has now been removed. 513 PIM is now built by default if option 'MROUTING' is specified. 514 It may now be loaded into GENERIC kernels by loading the 515 ip_mroute.ko module. 516 51720070207: 518 Support for IPIP tunnels (VIFF_TUNNEL) in IPv4 multicast routing 519 has been removed. Its functionality may be achieved by explicitly 520 configuring gif(4) interfaces and using the 'phyint' keyword in 521 mrouted.conf. 522 XORP does not support source-routed IPv4 multicast tunnels nor the 523 integrated IPIP tunneling, therefore it is not affected by this 524 change. The __FreeBSD_version macro has been bumped to 700030. 525 52620061221: 527 Support for PCI Message Signalled Interrupts has been 528 re-enabled in the bge driver, only for those chips which are 529 believed to support it properly. If there are any problems, 530 MSI can be disabled completely by setting the 531 'hw.pci.enable_msi' and 'hw.pci.enable_msix' tunables to 0 532 in the loader. 533 53420061214: 535 Support for PCI Message Signalled Interrupts has been 536 disabled again in the bge driver. Many revisions of the 537 hardware fail to support it properly. Support can be 538 re-enabled by removing the #define of BGE_DISABLE_MSI in 539 "src/sys/dev/bge/if_bge.c". 540 54120061214: 542 Support for PCI Message Signalled Interrupts has been added 543 to the bge driver. If there are any problems, MSI can be 544 disabled completely by setting the 'hw.pci.enable_msi' and 545 'hw.pci.enable_msix' tunables to 0 in the loader. 546 54720061205: 548 The removal of several facets of the experimental Threading 549 system from the kernel means that the proc and thread structures 550 have changed quite a bit. I suggest all kernel modules that might 551 reference these structures be recompiled.. Especially the 552 linux module. 553 55420061126: 555 Sound infrastructure has been updated with various fixes and 556 improvements. Most of the changes are pretty much transparent, 557 with exceptions of followings: 558 1) All sound driver specific sysctls (hw.snd.pcm%d.*) have been 559 moved to their own dev sysctl nodes, for example: 560 hw.snd.pcm0.vchans -> dev.pcm.0.vchans 561 2) /dev/dspr%d.%d has been deprecated. Each channel now has its 562 own chardev in the form of "dsp%d.<function>%d", where <function> 563 is p = playback, r = record and v = virtual, respectively. Users 564 are encouraged to use these devs instead of (old) "/dev/dsp%d.%d". 565 This does not affect those who are using "/dev/dsp". 566 56720061122: 568 geom(4)'s gmirror(8) class metadata structure has been 569 rev'd from v3 to v4. If you update across this point and 570 your metadata is converted for you, you will not be easily 571 able to downgrade since the /boot/kernel.old/geom_mirror.ko 572 kernel module will be unable to read the v4 metadata. You 573 can resolve this by doing from the loader(8) prompt: 574 575 set vfs.root.mountfrom="ufs:/dev/XXX" 576 577 where XXX is the root slice of one of the disks that composed 578 the mirror (i.e.: /dev/ad0s1a). You can then rebuild 579 the array the same way you built it originally. 580 58120061122: 582 The following binaries have been disconnected from the build: 583 mount_devfs, mount_ext2fs, mount_fdescfs, mount_procfs, mount_linprocfs, 584 and mount_std. The functionality of these programs has been 585 moved into the mount program. For example, to mount a devfs 586 filesystem, instead of using mount_devfs, use: "mount -t devfs". 587 This does not affect entries in /etc/fstab, since entries in 588 /etc/fstab are always processed with "mount -t fstype". 589 59020061113: 591 Support for PCI Message Signalled Interrupts on i386 and amd64 592 has been added to the kernel and various drivers will soon be 593 updated to use MSI when it is available. If there are any problems, 594 MSI can be disabled completely by setting the 'hw.pci.enable_msi' 595 and 'hw.pci.enable_msix' tunables to 0 in the loader. 596 59720061110: 598 The MUTEX_PROFILING option has been renamed to LOCK_PROFILING. 599 The lockmgr object layout has been changed as a result of having 600 a lock_object embedded in it. As a consequence all file system 601 kernel modules must be re-compiled. The mutex profiling man page 602 has not yet been updated to reflect this change. 603 60420061026: 605 KSE in the kernel has now been made optional and turned on by 606 default. Use 'nooption KSE' in your kernel config to turn it 607 off. All kernel modules *must* be recompiled after this change. 608 There-after, modules from a KSE kernel should be compatible with 609 modules from a NOKSE kernel due to the temporary padding fields 610 added to 'struct proc'. 611 61220060929: 613 mrouted and its utilities have been removed from the base system. 614 61520060927: 616 Some ioctl(2) command codes have changed. Full backward ABI 617 compatibility is provided if the "options COMPAT_FREEBSD6" is 618 present in the kernel configuration file. Make sure to add 619 this option to your kernel config file, or recompile X.Org 620 and the rest of ports; otherwise they may refuse to work. 621 62220060924: 623 tcpslice has been removed from the base system. 624 62520060913: 626 The sizes of struct tcpcb (and struct xtcpcb) have changed due to 627 the rewrite of TCP syncookies. Tools like netstat, sockstat, and 628 systat needs to be rebuilt. 629 63020060903: 631 libpcap updated to v0.9.4 and tcpdump to v3.9.4 632 63320060816: 634 The IPFIREWALL_FORWARD_EXTENDED option is gone and the behaviour 635 for IPFIREWALL_FORWARD is now as it was before when it was first 636 committed and for years after. The behaviour is now ON. 637 63820060725: 639 enigma(1)/crypt(1) utility has been changed on 64 bit architectures. 640 Now it can decrypt files created from different architectures. 641 Unfortunately, it is no longer able to decrypt a cipher text 642 generated with an older version on 64 bit architectures. 643 If you have such a file, you need old utility to decrypt it. 644 64520060709: 646 The interface version of the i4b kernel part has changed. So 647 after updating the kernel sources and compiling a new kernel, 648 the i4b user space tools in "/usr/src/usr.sbin/i4b" must also 649 be rebuilt, and vice versa. 650 65120060627: 652 The XBOX kernel now defaults to the nfe(4) driver instead of 653 the nve(4) driver. Please update your configuration 654 accordingly. 655 65620060514: 657 The i386-only lnc(4) driver for the AMD Am7900 LANCE and Am79C9xx 658 PCnet family of NICs has been removed. The new le(4) driver serves 659 as an equivalent but cross-platform replacement with the pcn(4) 660 driver still providing performance-optimized support for the subset 661 of AMD Am79C971 PCnet-FAST and greater chips as before. 662 66320060511: 664 The machdep.* sysctls and the adjkerntz utility have been 665 modified a bit. The new adjkerntz utility uses the new 666 sysctl names and sysctlbyname() calls, so it may be impossible 667 to run an old /sbin/adjkerntz utility in single-user mode 668 with a new kernel. Replace the `adjkerntz -i' step before 669 `make installworld' with: 670 671 /usr/obj/usr/src/sbin/adjkerntz/adjkerntz -i 672 673 and proceed as usual with the rest of the installworld-stage 674 steps. Otherwise, you risk installing binaries with their 675 timestamp set several hours in the future, especially if 676 you are running with local time set to GMT+X hours. 677 67820060412: 679 The ip6fw utility has been removed. The behavior provided by 680 ip6fw has been in ipfw2 for a good while and the rc.d scripts 681 have been updated to deal with it. There are some rules that 682 might not migrate cleanly. Use rc.firewall6 as a template to 683 rewrite rules. 684 68520060428: 686 The puc(4) driver has been overhauled. The ebus(4) and sbus(4) 687 attachments have been removed. Make sure to configure scc(4) 688 on sparc64. Note also that by default puc(4) will use uart(4) 689 and not sio(4) for serial ports because interrupt handling has 690 been optimized for multi-port serial cards and only uart(4) 691 implements the interface to support it. 692 69320060330: 694 The scc(4) driver replaces puc(4) for Serial Communications 695 Controllers (SCCs) like the Siemens SAB82532 and the Zilog 696 Z8530. On sparc64, it is advised to add scc(4) to the kernel 697 configuration to make sure that the serial ports remain 698 functional. 699 70020060317: 701 Most world/kernel related NO_* build options changed names. 702 New knobs have common prefixes WITHOUT_*/WITH_* (modelled 703 after FreeBSD ports) and should be set in /etc/src.conf 704 (the src.conf(5) manpage is provided). Full backwards 705 compatibility is maintained for the time being though it's 706 highly recommended to start moving old options out of the 707 system-wide /etc/make.conf file into the new /etc/src.conf 708 while also properly renaming them. More conversions will 709 likely follow. Posting to current@: 710 711 http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-current/2006-March/061725.html 712 71320060305: 714 The NETSMBCRYPTO kernel option has been retired because its 715 functionality is always included in NETSMB and smbfs.ko now. 716 71720060303: 718 The TDFX_LINUX kernel option was retired and replaced by the 719 tdfx_linux device. The latter can be loaded as the 3dfx_linux.ko 720 kernel module. Loading it alone should suffice to get 3dfx support 721 for Linux apps because it will pull in 3dfx.ko and linux.ko through 722 its dependencies. 723 72420060204: 725 The 'audit' group was added to support the new auditing functionality 726 in the base system. Be sure to follow the directions for updating, 727 including the requirement to run mergemaster -p. 728 72920060201: 730 The kernel ABI to file system modules was changed on i386. 731 Please make sure that your kernel and modules are in sync. 732 73320060118: 734 This actually occured some time ago, but installing the kernel 735 now also installs a bunch of symbol files for the kernel modules. 736 This increases the size of /boot/kernel to about 67Mbytes. You 737 will need twice this if you will eventually back this up to kernel.old 738 on your next install. 739 If you have a shortage of room in your root partition, you should add 740 -DINSTALL_NODEBUG to your make arguments or add INSTALL_NODEBUG="yes" 741 to your /etc/make.conf. 742 74320060113: 744 libc's malloc implementation has been replaced. This change has the 745 potential to uncover application bugs that previously went unnoticed. 746 See the malloc(3) manual page for more details. 747 74820060112: 749 The generic netgraph(4) cookie has been changed. If you upgrade 750 kernel passing this point, you also need to upgrade userland 751 and netgraph(4) utilities like ports/net/mpd or ports/net/mpd4. 752 75320060106: 754 si(4)'s device files now contain the unit number. 755 Uses of {cua,tty}A[0-9a-f] should be replaced by {cua,tty}A0[0-9a-f]. 756 75720060106: 758 The kernel ABI was mostly destroyed due to a change in the size 759 of struct lock_object which is nested in other structures such 760 as mutexes which are nested in all sorts of other structures. 761 Make sure your kernel and modules are in sync. 762 76320051231: 764 The page coloring algorithm in the VM subsystem was converted 765 from tuning with kernel options to autotuning. Please remove 766 any PQ_* option except PQ_NOOPT from your kernel config. 767 76820051211: 769 The net80211-related tools in the tools/tools/ath directory 770 have been moved to tools/tools/net80211 and renamed with a 771 "wlan" prefix. Scripts that use them should be adjusted 772 accordingly. 773 77420051202: 775 Scripts in the local_startup directories (as defined in 776 /etc/defaults/rc.conf) that have the new rc.d semantics will 777 now be run as part of the base system rcorder. If there are 778 errors or problems with one of these local scripts, it could 779 cause boot problems. If you encounter such problems, boot in 780 single user mode, remove that script from the */rc.d directory. 781 Please report the problem to the port's maintainer, and the 782 freebsd-ports@freebsd.org mailing list. 783 78420051129: 785 The nodev mount option was deprecated in RELENG_6 (where it 786 was a no-op), and is now unsupported. If you have nodev or dev listed 787 in /etc/fstab, remove it, otherwise it will result in a mount error. 788 78920051129: 790 ABI between ipfw(4) and ipfw(8) has been changed. You need 791 to rebuild ipfw(8) when rebuilding kernel. 792 79320051108: 794 rp(4)'s device files now contain the unit number. 795 Uses of {cua,tty}R[0-9a-f] should be replaced by {cua,tty}R0[0-9a-f]. 796 79720051029: 798 /etc/rc.d/ppp-user has been renamed to /etc/rc.d/ppp. 799 Its /etc/rc.conf.d configuration file has been `ppp' from 800 the beginning, and hence there is no need to touch it. 801 80220051014: 803 Now most modules get their build-time options from the kernel 804 configuration file. A few modules still have fixed options 805 due to their non-conformant implementation, but they will be 806 corrected eventually. You may need to review the options of 807 the modules in use, explicitly specify the non-default options 808 in the kernel configuration file, and rebuild the kernel and 809 modules afterwards. 810 81120051001: 812 kern.polling.enable sysctl MIB is now deprecated. Use ifconfig(8) 813 to turn polling(4) on your interfaces. 814 81520050927: 816 The old bridge(4) implementation was retired. The new 817 if_bridge(4) serves as a full functional replacement. 818 81920050722: 820 The ai_addrlen of a struct addrinfo was changed to a socklen_t 821 to conform to POSIX-2001. This change broke an ABI 822 compatibility on 64 bit architecture. You have to recompile 823 userland programs that use getaddrinfo(3) on 64 bit 824 architecture. 825 82620050711: 827 RELENG_6 branched here. 828 82920050629: 830 The pccard_ifconfig rc.conf variable has been removed and a new 831 variable, ifconfig_DEFAULT has been introduced. Unlike 832 pccard_ifconfig, ifconfig_DEFAULT applies to ALL interfaces that 833 do not have ifconfig_ifn entries rather than just those in 834 removable_interfaces. 835 83620050616: 837 Some previous versions of PAM have permitted the use of 838 non-absolute paths in /etc/pam.conf or /etc/pam.d/* when referring 839 to third party PAM modules in /usr/local/lib. A change has been 840 made to require the use of absolute paths in order to avoid 841 ambiguity and dependence on library path configuration, which may 842 affect existing configurations. 843 84420050610: 845 Major changes to network interface API. All drivers must be 846 recompiled. Drivers not in the base system will need to be 847 updated to the new APIs. 848 84920050609: 850 Changes were made to kinfo_proc in sys/user.h. Please recompile 851 userland, or commands like `fstat', `pkill', `ps', `top' and `w' 852 will not behave correctly. 853 854 The API and ABI for hwpmc(4) have changed with the addition 855 of sampling support. Please recompile lib/libpmc(3) and 856 usr.sbin/{pmcstat,pmccontrol}. 857 85820050606: 859 The OpenBSD dhclient was imported in place of the ISC dhclient 860 and the network interface configuration scripts were updated 861 accordingly. If you use DHCP to configure your interfaces, you 862 must now run devd. Also, DNS updating was lost so you will need 863 to find a workaround if you use this feature. 864 865 The '_dhcp' user was added to support the OpenBSD dhclient. Be 866 sure to run mergemaster -p (like you are supposed to do every time 867 anyway). 868 86920050605: 870 if_bridge was added to the tree. This has changed struct ifnet. 871 Please recompile userland and all network related modules. 872 87320050603: 874 The n_net of a struct netent was changed to an uint32_t, and 875 1st argument of getnetbyaddr() was changed to an uint32_t, to 876 conform to POSIX-2001. These changes broke an ABI 877 compatibility on 64 bit architecture. With these changes, 878 shlib major of libpcap was bumped. You have to recompile 879 userland programs that use getnetbyaddr(3), getnetbyname(3), 880 getnetent(3) and/or libpcap on 64 bit architecture. 881 88220050528: 883 Kernel parsing of extra options on '#!' first lines of shell 884 scripts has changed. Lines with multiple options likely will 885 fail after this date. For full details, please see 886 http://people.freebsd.org/~gad/Updating-20050528.txt 887 88820050503: 889 The packet filter (pf) code has been updated to OpenBSD 3.7 890 Please note the changed anchor syntax and the fact that 891 authpf(8) now needs a mounted fdescfs(5) to function. 892 89320050415: 894 The NO_MIXED_MODE kernel option has been removed from the i386 895 amd64 platforms as its use has been superceded by the new local 896 APIC timer code. Any kernel config files containing this option 897 should be updated. 898 89920050227: 900 The on-disk format of LC_CTYPE files was changed to be machine 901 independent. Please make sure NOT to use NO_CLEAN buildworld 902 when crossing this point. Crossing this point also requires 903 recompile or reinstall of all locale depended packages. 904 90520050225: 906 The ifi_epoch member of struct if_data has been changed to 907 contain the uptime at which the interface was created or the 908 statistics zeroed rather then the wall clock time because 909 wallclock time may go backwards. This should have no impact 910 unless an snmp implementation is using this value (I know of 911 none at this point.) 912 91320050224: 914 The acpi_perf and acpi_throttle drivers are now part of the 915 acpi(4) main module. They are no longer built separately. 916 91720050223: 918 The layout of struct image_params has changed. You have to 919 recompile all compatibility modules (linux, svr4, etc) for use 920 with the new kernel. 921 92220050223: 923 The p4tcc driver has been merged into cpufreq(4). This makes 924 "options CPU_ENABLE_TCC" obsolete. Please load cpufreq.ko or 925 compile in "device cpufreq" to restore this functionality. 926 92720050220: 928 The responsibility of recomputing the file system summary of 929 a SoftUpdates-enabled dirty volume has been transferred to the 930 background fsck. A rebuild of fsck(8) utility is recommended 931 if you have updated the kernel. 932 933 To get the old behavior (recompute file system summary at mount 934 time), you can set vfs.ffs.compute_summary_at_mount=1 before 935 mounting the new volume. 936 93720050206: 938 The cpufreq import is complete. As part of this, the sysctls for 939 acpi(4) throttling have been removed. The power_profile script 940 has been updated, so you can use performance/economy_cpu_freq in 941 rc.conf(5) to set AC on/offline cpu frequencies. 942 94320050206: 944 NG_VERSION has been increased. Recompiling kernel (or ng_socket.ko) 945 requires recompiling libnetgraph and userland netgraph utilities. 946 94720050114: 948 Support for abbreviated forms of a number of ipfw options is 949 now deprecated. Warnings are printed to stderr indicating the 950 correct full form when a match occurs. Some abbreviations may 951 be supported at a later date based on user feedback. To be 952 considered for support, abbreviations must be in use prior to 953 this commit and unlikely to be confused with current key words. 954 95520041221: 956 By a popular demand, a lot of NOFOO options were renamed 957 to NO_FOO (see bsd.compat.mk for a full list). The old 958 spellings are still supported, but will cause annoying 959 warnings on stderr. Make sure you upgrade properly (see 960 the COMMON ITEMS: section later in this file). 961 96220041219: 963 Auto-loading of ancillary wlan modules such as wlan_wep has 964 been temporarily disabled; you need to statically configure 965 the modules you need into your kernel or explicitly load them 966 prior to use. Specifically, if you intend to use WEP encryption 967 with an 802.11 device load/configure wlan_wep; if you want to 968 use WPA with the ath driver load/configure wlan_tkip, wlan_ccmp, 969 and wlan_xauth as required. 970 97120041213: 972 The behaviour of ppp(8) has changed slightly. If lqr is enabled 973 (``enable lqr''), older versions would revert to LCP ECHO mode on 974 negotiation failure. Now, ``enable echo'' is required for this 975 behaviour. The ppp version number has been bumped to 3.4.2 to 976 reflect the change. 977 97820041201: 979 The wlan support has been updated to split the crypto support 980 into separate modules. For static WEP you must configure the 981 wlan_wep module in your system or build and install the module 982 in place where it can be loaded (the kernel will auto-load 983 the module when a wep key is configured). 984 98520041201: 986 The ath driver has been updated to split the tx rate control 987 algorithm into a separate module. You need to include either 988 ath_rate_onoe or ath_rate_amrr when configuring the kernel. 989 99020041116: 991 Support for systems with an 80386 CPU has been removed. Please 992 use FreeBSD 5.x or earlier on systems with an 80386. 993 99420041110: 995 We have had a hack which would mount the root filesystem 996 R/W if the device were named 'md*'. As part of the vnode 997 work I'm doing I have had to remove this hack. People 998 building systems which use preloaded MD root filesystems 999 may need to insert a "/sbin/mount -u -o rw /dev/md0 /" in 1000 their /etc/rc scripts. 1001 100220041104: 1003 FreeBSD 5.3 shipped here. 1004 100520041102: 1006 The size of struct tcpcb has changed again due to the removal 1007 of RFC1644 T/TCP. You have to recompile userland programs that 1008 read kmem for tcp sockets directly (netstat, sockstat, etc.) 1009 101020041022: 1011 The size of struct tcpcb has changed. You have to recompile 1012 userland programs that read kmem for tcp sockets directly 1013 (netstat, sockstat, etc.) 1014 101520041016: 1016 RELENG_5 branched here. For older entries, please see updating 1017 in the RELENG_5 branch. 1018 1019COMMON ITEMS: 1020 1021 General Notes 1022 ------------- 1023 Avoid using make -j when upgrading. From time to time in the 1024 past there have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or 1025 installworld. This is especially true when upgrading between 1026 "distant" versions (eg one that cross a major release boundary 1027 or several minor releases, or when several months have passed 1028 on the -current branch). 1029 1030 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment 1031 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its 1032 environment when searching for values for global variables. 1033 To run your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", 1034 prefix all make commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual 1035 page for more details. 1036 1037 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally 1038 best to upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch 1039 first, then do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested 1040 upgrade path, and has the highest probability of being successful. 1041 Please try this approach before reporting problems with a major 1042 version upgrade. 1043 1044 To build a kernel 1045 ----------------- 1046 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just 1047 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most 1048 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld, 1049 1050 make kernel-toolchain 1051 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1052 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1053 1054 To test a kernel once 1055 --------------------- 1056 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure 1057 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide 1058 debugging information) run 1059 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel 1060 nextboot -k testkernel 1061 1062 To just build a kernel when you know that it won't mess you up 1063 -------------------------------------------------------------- 1064 This assumes you are already running a 5.X system. Replace 1065 ${arch} with the architecture of your machine (e.g. "i386", 1066 "alpha", "amd64", "ia64", "pc98", "sparc64", etc). 1067 1068 cd src/sys/${arch}/conf 1069 config KERNEL_NAME_HERE 1070 cd ../compile/KERNEL_NAME_HERE 1071 make depend 1072 make 1073 make install 1074 1075 If this fails, go to the "To build a kernel" section. 1076 1077 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system. 1078 ----------------------------------------------------------- 1079 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than 1080 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current. 1081 1082 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 1083 make buildworld 1084 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1085 [1] 1086 <reboot in single user> [3] 1087 mergemaster -p [5] 1088 make installworld 1089 make delete-old 1090 mergemaster [4] 1091 <reboot> 1092 1093 1094 To cross-install current onto a separate partition 1095 -------------------------------------------------- 1096 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold 1097 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition 1098 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in 1099 # size. 1100 1101 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 1102 <boot into -stable> 1103 make buildworld 1104 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1105 <maybe newfs current's root partition> 1106 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}> 1107 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 1108 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd 1109 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 1110 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd 1111 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition> 1112 <reboot into current> 1113 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section> 1114 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*> 1115 <reboot> 1116 1117 1118 To upgrade in-place from 5.x-stable to current 1119 ---------------------------------------------- 1120 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 1121 make buildworld [9] 1122 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8] 1123 [1] 1124 <reboot in single user> [3] 1125 mergemaster -p [5] 1126 make installworld 1127 make delete-old 1128 mergemaster -i [4] 1129 <reboot> 1130 1131 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the 1132 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life 1133 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own 1134 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of 1135 the UPDATING entries. 1136 1137 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to 1138 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update 1139 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent 1140 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has 1141 much fewer pitfalls. 1142 1143 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you 1144 should disable them at this point so they don't crash your 1145 system on reboot. 1146 1147 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do 1148 fsck -p 1149 mount -u / 1150 mount -a 1151 cd src 1152 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time 1153 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that 1154 you boot into single user mode to do the installworld. 1155 1156 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step 1157 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the 1158 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those 1159 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well 1160 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists 1161 for potential gotchas. 1162 1163 [5] Usually this step is a noop. However, from time to time 1164 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following 1165 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to 1166 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make 1167 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated 1168 from current before 20020224 or from -stable before 20020408. 1169 1170 [8] In order to have a kernel that can run the 4.x binaries 1171 needed to do an installworld, you must include the COMPAT_FREEBSD4 1172 option in your kernel. Failure to do so may leave you with a system 1173 that is hard to boot to recover. A similar kernel option COMPAT_FREEBSD5 1174 is required to run the 5.x binaries on more recent kernels. 1175 1176 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the 1177 last time you updated your kernel config file. 1178 1179 [9] When checking out sources, you must include the -P flag to have 1180 cvs prune empty directories. 1181 1182 If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the 1183 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can 1184 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to. 1185 1186 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and 1187 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will 1188 warn if it is improperly defined. 1189FORMAT: 1190 1191This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major 1192breakages in tracking -current. Not all things will be listed here, 1193and it only starts on October 16, 2004. Updating files can found in 1194previous releases if your system is older than this. 1195 1196Copyright information: 1197 1198Copyright 1998-2005 M. Warner Losh. All Rights Reserved. 1199 1200Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without 1201modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this 1202document are permitted without further permission from the author. 1203 1204THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 1205IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 1206WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE 1207DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, 1208INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES 1209(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR 1210SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 1211HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, 1212STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING 1213IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 1214POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 1215 1216If you find this document useful, and you want to, you may buy the 1217author a beer. 1218 1219Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of 1220this document. 1221 1222$FreeBSD: head/UPDATING 187989 2009-02-01 21:11:08Z bz $ 1223