UPDATING revision 162897
1Updating Information for FreeBSD current users 2 3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh 4<imp@village.org>. See end of file for further details. For commonly 5done items, please see the COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. 6 7Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in 8/usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before running 9portupgrade. 10 11NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 7.x IS SLOW: 12 FreeBSD 7.x has many debugging features turned on, in 13 both the kernel and userland. These features attempt to detect 14 incorrect use of system primitives, and encourage loud failure 15 through extra sanity checking and fail stop semantics. They 16 also substantially impact system performance. If you want to 17 do performance measurement, benchmarking, and optimization, 18 you'll want to turn them off. This includes various WITNESS- 19 related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc debugging flags 20 in userland, and various verbose features in the kernel. Many 21 developers choose to disable these features on build machines 22 to maximize performance. 23 2420060929: 25 mrouted and its utilities have been removed from the base system. 26 2720060927: 28 Some ioctl(2) command codes have changed. Full backward ABI 29 compatibility is provided if the "options COMPAT_FREEBSD6" is 30 present in the kernel configuration file. Make sure to add 31 this option to your kernel config file, or recompile X.Org 32 and the rest of ports; otherwise they may refuse to work. 33 3420060924: 35 tcpslice has been removed from the base system. 36 3720060913: 38 The sizes of struct tcpcb (and struct xtcpcb) have changed due to 39 the rewrite of TCP syncookies. Tools like netstat, sockstat, and 40 systat needs to be rebuilt. 41 4220060903: 43 libpcap updated to v0.9.4 and tcpdump to v3.9.4 44 4520060816: 46 The IPFIREWALL_FORWARD_EXTENDED option is gone and the behaviour 47 for IPFIREWALL_FORWARD is now as it was before when it was first 48 committed and for years after. The behaviour is now ON. 49 5020060725: 51 enigma(1)/crypt(1) utility has been changed on 64 bit architectures. 52 Now it can decrypt files created from different architectures. 53 Unfortunately, it is no longer able to decrypt a cipher text 54 generated with an older version on 64 bit architectures. 55 If you have such a file, you need old utility to decrypt it. 56 5720060709: 58 The interface version of the i4b kernel part has changed. So 59 after updating the kernel sources and compiling a new kernel, 60 the i4b user space tools in "/usr/src/usr.sbin/i4b" must also 61 be rebuilt, and vice versa. 62 6320060627: 64 The XBOX kernel now defaults to the nfe(4) driver instead of 65 the nve(4) driver. Please update your configuration 66 accordingly. 67 6820060514: 69 The i386-only lnc(4) driver for the AMD Am7900 LANCE and Am79C9xx 70 PCnet family of NICs has been removed. The new le(4) driver serves 71 as an equivalent but cross-platform replacement with the pcn(4) 72 driver still providing performance-optimized support for the subset 73 of AMD Am79C971 PCnet-FAST and greater chips as before. 74 7520060511: 76 The machdep.* sysctls and the adjkerntz utility have been 77 modified a bit. The new adjkerntz utility uses the new 78 sysctl names and sysctlbyname() calls, so it may be impossible 79 to run an old /sbin/adjkerntz utility in single-user mode 80 with a new kernel. Replace the `adjkerntz -i' step before 81 `make installworld' with: 82 83 /usr/obj/usr/src/sbin/adjkerntz/adjkerntz -i 84 85 and proceed as usual with the rest of the installworld-stage 86 steps. Otherwise, you risk installing binaries with their 87 timestamp set several hours in the future, especially if 88 you are running with local time set to GMT+X hours. 89 9020060412: 91 The ip6fw utility has been removed. The behavior provided by 92 ip6fw has been in ipfw2 for a good while and the rc.d scripts 93 have been updated to deal with it. There are some rules that 94 might not migrate cleanly. Use rc.firewall6 as a template to 95 rewrite rules. 96 9720060428: 98 The puc(4) driver has been overhauled. The ebus(4) and sbus(4) 99 attachments have been removed. Make sure to configure scc(4) 100 on sparc64. Note also that by default puc(4) will use uart(4) 101 and not sio(4) for serial ports because interrupt handling has 102 been optimized for multi-port serial cards and only uart(4) 103 implements the interface to support it. 104 10520060330: 106 The scc(4) driver replaces puc(4) for Serial Communications 107 Controllers (SCCs) like the Siemens SAB82532 and the Zilog 108 Z8530. On sparc64, it is advised to add scc(4) to the kernel 109 configuration to make sure that the serial ports remain 110 functional. 111 11220060317: 113 Most world/kernel related NO_* build options changed names. 114 New knobs have common prefixes WITHOUT_*/WITH_* (modelled 115 after FreeBSD ports) and should be set in /etc/src.conf 116 (the src.conf(5) manpage is provided). Full backwards 117 compatibility is maintained for the time being though it's 118 highly recommended to start moving old options out of the 119 system-wide /etc/make.conf file into the new /etc/src.conf 120 while also properly renaming them. More conversions will 121 likely follow. Posting to current@: 122 123 http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-current/2006-March/061725.html 124 12520060305: 126 The NETSMBCRYPTO kernel option has been retired because its 127 functionality is always included in NETSMB and smbfs.ko now. 128 12920060303: 130 The TDFX_LINUX kernel option was retired and replaced by the 131 tdfx_linux device. The latter can be loaded as the 3dfx_linux.ko 132 kernel module. Loading it alone should suffice to get 3dfx support 133 for Linux apps because it will pull in 3dfx.ko and linux.ko through 134 its dependencies. 135 13620060204: 137 The 'audit' group was added to support the new auditing functionality 138 in the base system. Be sure to follow the directions for updating, 139 including the requirement to run mergemaster -p. 140 14120060201: 142 The kernel ABI to file system modules was changed on i386. 143 Please make sure that your kernel and modules are in sync. 144 14520060118: 146 This actually occured some time ago, but installing the kernel 147 now also installs a bunch of symbol files for the kernel modules. 148 This increases the size of /boot/kernel to about 67Mbytes. You 149 will need twice this if you will eventually back this up to kernel.old 150 on your next install. 151 If you have a shortage of room in your root partition, you should add 152 -DINSTALL_NODEBUG to your make arguments or add INSTALL_NODEBUG="yes" 153 to your /etc/make.conf. 154 15520060113: 156 libc's malloc implementation has been replaced. This change has the 157 potential to uncover application bugs that previously went unnoticed. 158 See the malloc(3) manual page for more details. 159 16020060112: 161 The generic netgraph(4) cookie has been changed. If you upgrade 162 kernel passing this point, you also need to upgrade userland 163 and netgraph(4) utilities like ports/net/mpd or ports/net/mpd4. 164 16520060106: 166 si(4)'s device files now contain the unit number. 167 Uses of {cua,tty}A[0-9a-f] should be replaced by {cua,tty}A0[0-9a-f]. 168 16920060106: 170 The kernel ABI was mostly destroyed due to a change in the size 171 of struct lock_object which is nested in other structures such 172 as mutexes which are nested in all sorts of other structures. 173 Make sure your kernel and modules are in sync. 174 17520051231: 176 The page coloring algorithm in the VM subsystem was converted 177 from tuning with kernel options to autotuning. Please remove 178 any PQ_* option except PQ_NOOPT from your kernel config. 179 18020051211: 181 The net80211-related tools in the tools/tools/ath directory 182 have been moved to tools/tools/net80211 and renamed with a 183 "wlan" prefix. Scripts that use them should be adjusted 184 accordingly. 185 18620051202: 187 Scripts in the local_startup directories (as defined in 188 /etc/defaults/rc.conf) that have the new rc.d semantics will 189 now be run as part of the base system rcorder. If there are 190 errors or problems with one of these local scripts, it could 191 cause boot problems. If you encounter such problems, boot in 192 single user mode, remove that script from the */rc.d directory. 193 Please report the problem to the port's maintainer, and the 194 freebsd-ports@freebsd.org mailing list. 195 19620051129: 197 The nodev mount option was deprecated in RELENG_6 (where it 198 was a no-op), and is now unsupported. If you have nodev or dev listed 199 in /etc/fstab, remove it, otherwise it will result in a mount error. 200 20120051129: 202 ABI between ipfw(4) and ipfw(8) has been changed. You need 203 to rebuild ipfw(8) when rebuilding kernel. 204 20520051108: 206 rp(4)'s device files now contain the unit number. 207 Uses of {cua,tty}R[0-9a-f] should be replaced by {cua,tty}R0[0-9a-f]. 208 20920051029: 210 /etc/rc.d/ppp-user has been renamed to /etc/rc.d/ppp. 211 Its /etc/rc.conf.d configuration file has been `ppp' from 212 the beginning, and hence there is no need to touch it. 213 21420051014: 215 Now most modules get their build-time options from the kernel 216 configuration file. A few modules still have fixed options 217 due to their non-conformant implementation, but they will be 218 corrected eventually. You may need to review the options of 219 the modules in use, explicitly specify the non-default options 220 in the kernel configuration file, and rebuild the kernel and 221 modules afterwards. 222 22320051001: 224 kern.polling.enable sysctl MIB is now deprecated. Use ifconfig(8) 225 to turn polling(4) on your interfaces. 226 22720050927: 228 The old bridge(4) implementation was retired. The new 229 if_bridge(4) serves as a full functional replacement. 230 23120050722: 232 The ai_addrlen of a struct addrinfo was changed to a socklen_t 233 to conform to POSIX-2001. This change broke an ABI 234 compatibility on 64 bit architecture. You have to recompile 235 userland programs that use getaddrinfo(3) on 64 bit 236 architecture. 237 23820050711: 239 RELENG_6 branched here. 240 24120050629: 242 The pccard_ifconfig rc.conf variable has been removed and a new 243 variable, ifconfig_DEFAULT has been introduced. Unlike 244 pccard_ifconfig, ifconfig_DEFAULT applies to ALL interfaces that 245 do not have ifconfig_ifn entries rather than just those in 246 removable_interfaces. 247 24820050616: 249 Some previous versions of PAM have permitted the use of 250 non-absolute paths in /etc/pam.conf or /etc/pam.d/* when referring 251 to third party PAM modules in /usr/local/lib. A change has been 252 made to require the use of absolute paths in order to avoid 253 ambiguity and dependence on library path configuration, which may 254 affect existing configurations. 255 25620050610: 257 Major changes to network interface API. All drivers must be 258 recompiled. Drivers not in the base system will need to be 259 updated to the new APIs. 260 26120050609: 262 Changes were made to kinfo_proc in sys/user.h. Please recompile 263 userland, or commands like `fstat', `pkill', `ps', `top' and `w' 264 will not behave correctly. 265 266 The API and ABI for hwpmc(4) have changed with the addition 267 of sampling support. Please recompile lib/libpmc(3) and 268 usr.sbin/{pmcstat,pmccontrol}. 269 27020050606: 271 The OpenBSD dhclient was imported in place of the ISC dhclient 272 and the network interface configuration scripts were updated 273 accordingly. If you use DHCP to configure your interfaces, you 274 must now run devd. Also, DNS updating was lost so you will need 275 to find a workaround if you use this feature. 276 277 The '_dhcp' user was added to support the OpenBSD dhclient. Be 278 sure to run mergemaster -p (like you are supposed to do every time 279 anyway). 280 28120050605: 282 if_bridge was added to the tree. This has changed struct ifnet. 283 Please recompile userland and all network related modules. 284 28520050603: 286 The n_net of a struct netent was changed to an uint32_t, and 287 1st argument of getnetbyaddr() was changed to an uint32_t, to 288 conform to POSIX-2001. These changes broke an ABI 289 compatibility on 64 bit architecture. With these changes, 290 shlib major of libpcap was bumped. You have to recompile 291 userland programs that use getnetbyaddr(3), getnetbyname(3), 292 getnetent(3) and/or libpcap on 64 bit architecture. 293 29420050528: 295 Kernel parsing of extra options on '#!' first lines of shell 296 scripts has changed. Lines with multiple options likely will 297 fail after this date. For full details, please see 298 http://people.freebsd.org/~gad/Updating-20050528.txt 299 30020050503: 301 The packet filter (pf) code has been updated to OpenBSD 3.7 302 Please note the changed anchor syntax and the fact that 303 authpf(8) now needs a mounted fdescfs(5) to function. 304 30520050415: 306 The NO_MIXED_MODE kernel option has been removed from the i386 307 amd64 platforms as its use has been superceded by the new local 308 APIC timer code. Any kernel config files containing this option 309 should be updated. 310 31120050227: 312 The on-disk format of LC_CTYPE files was changed to be machine 313 independent. Please make sure NOT to use NO_CLEAN buildworld 314 when crossing this point. Crossing this point also requires 315 recompile or reinstall of all locale depended packages. 316 31720050225: 318 The ifi_epoch member of struct if_data has been changed to 319 contain the uptime at which the interface was created or the 320 statistics zeroed rather then the wall clock time because 321 wallclock time may go backwards. This should have no impact 322 unless an snmp implementation is using this value (I know of 323 none at this point.) 324 32520050224: 326 The acpi_perf and acpi_throttle drivers are now part of the 327 acpi(4) main module. They are no longer built separately. 328 32920050223: 330 The layout of struct image_params has changed. You have to 331 recompile all compatibility modules (linux, svr4, etc) for use 332 with the new kernel. 333 33420050223: 335 The p4tcc driver has been merged into cpufreq(4). This makes 336 "options CPU_ENABLE_TCC" obsolete. Please load cpufreq.ko or 337 compile in "device cpufreq" to restore this functionality. 338 33920050220: 340 The responsibility of recomputing the file system summary of 341 a SoftUpdates-enabled dirty volume has been transferred to the 342 background fsck. A rebuild of fsck(8) utility is recommended 343 if you have updated the kernel. 344 345 To get the old behavior (recompute file system summary at mount 346 time), you can set vfs.ffs.compute_summary_at_mount=1 before 347 mounting the new volume. 348 34920050206: 350 The cpufreq import is complete. As part of this, the sysctls for 351 acpi(4) throttling have been removed. The power_profile script 352 has been updated, so you can use performance/economy_cpu_freq in 353 rc.conf(5) to set AC on/offline cpu frequencies. 354 35520050206: 356 NG_VERSION has been increased. Recompiling kernel (or ng_socket.ko) 357 requires recompiling libnetgraph and userland netgraph utilities. 358 35920050114: 360 Support for abbreviated forms of a number of ipfw options is 361 now deprecated. Warnings are printed to stderr indicating the 362 correct full form when a match occurs. Some abbreviations may 363 be supported at a later date based on user feedback. To be 364 considered for support, abbreviations must be in use prior to 365 this commit and unlikely to be confused with current key words. 366 36720041221: 368 By a popular demand, a lot of NOFOO options were renamed 369 to NO_FOO (see bsd.compat.mk for a full list). The old 370 spellings are still supported, but will cause annoying 371 warnings on stderr. Make sure you upgrade properly (see 372 the COMMON ITEMS: section later in this file). 373 37420041219: 375 Auto-loading of ancillary wlan modules such as wlan_wep has 376 been temporarily disabled; you need to statically configure 377 the modules you need into your kernel or explicitly load them 378 prior to use. Specifically, if you intend to use WEP encryption 379 with an 802.11 device load/configure wlan_wep; if you want to 380 use WPA with the ath driver load/configure wlan_tkip, wlan_ccmp, 381 and wlan_xauth as required. 382 38320041213: 384 The behaviour of ppp(8) has changed slightly. If lqr is enabled 385 (``enable lqr''), older versions would revert to LCP ECHO mode on 386 negotiation failure. Now, ``enable echo'' is required for this 387 behaviour. The ppp version number has been bumped to 3.4.2 to 388 reflect the change. 389 39020041201: 391 The wlan support has been updated to split the crypto support 392 into separate modules. For static WEP you must configure the 393 wlan_wep module in your system or build and install the module 394 in place where it can be loaded (the kernel will auto-load 395 the module when a wep key is configured). 396 39720041201: 398 The ath driver has been updated to split the tx rate control 399 algorithm into a separate module. You need to include either 400 ath_rate_onoe or ath_rate_amrr when configuring the kernel. 401 40220041116: 403 Support for systems with an 80386 CPU has been removed. Please 404 use FreeBSD 5.x or earlier on systems with an 80386. 405 40620041110: 407 We have had a hack which would mount the root filesystem 408 R/W if the device were named 'md*'. As part of the vnode 409 work I'm doing I have had to remove this hack. People 410 building systems which use preloaded MD root filesystems 411 may need to insert a "/sbin/mount -u -o rw /dev/md0 /" in 412 their /etc/rc scripts. 413 41420041104: 415 FreeBSD 5.3 shipped here. 416 41720041102: 418 The size of struct tcpcb has changed again due to the removal 419 of RFC1644 T/TCP. You have to recompile userland programs that 420 read kmem for tcp sockets directly (netstat, sockstat, etc.) 421 42220041022: 423 The size of struct tcpcb has changed. You have to recompile 424 userland programs that read kmem for tcp sockets directly 425 (netstat, sockstat, etc.) 426 42720041016: 428 RELENG_5 branched here. For older entries, please see updating 429 in the RELENG_5 branch. 430 431COMMON ITEMS: 432 433 General Notes 434 ------------- 435 Avoid using make -j when upgrading. From time to time in the 436 past there have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or 437 installworld. This is especially true when upgrading between 438 "distant" versions (eg one that cross a major release boundary 439 or several minor releases, or when several months have passed 440 on the -current branch). 441 442 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment 443 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its 444 environment when searching for values for global variables. 445 To run your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", 446 prefix all make commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual 447 page for more details. 448 449 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally 450 best to upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch 451 first, then do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested 452 upgrade path, and has the highest probability of being successful. 453 Please try this approach before reporting problems with a major 454 version upgrade. 455 456 To build a kernel 457 ----------------- 458 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just 459 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most 460 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld, 461 462 make kernel-toolchain 463 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 464 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 465 466 To test a kernel once 467 --------------------- 468 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure 469 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide 470 debugging information) run 471 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel 472 nextboot -k testkernel 473 474 To just build a kernel when you know that it won't mess you up 475 -------------------------------------------------------------- 476 This assumes you are already running a 5.X system. Replace 477 ${arch} with the architecture of your machine (e.g. "i386", 478 "alpha", "amd64", "ia64", "pc98", "sparc64", etc). 479 480 cd src/sys/${arch}/conf 481 config KERNEL_NAME_HERE 482 cd ../compile/KERNEL_NAME_HERE 483 make depend 484 make 485 make install 486 487 If this fails, go to the "To build a kernel" section. 488 489 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system. 490 ----------------------------------------------------------- 491 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than 492 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current. 493 494 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 495 make buildworld 496 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 497 [1] 498 <reboot in single user> [3] 499 mergemaster -p [5] 500 make installworld 501 make delete-old 502 mergemaster [4] 503 <reboot> 504 505 506 To cross-install current onto a separate partition 507 -------------------------------------------------- 508 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold 509 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition 510 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in 511 # size. 512 513 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 514 <boot into -stable> 515 make buildworld 516 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 517 <maybe newfs current's root partition> 518 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}> 519 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 520 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd 521 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 522 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd 523 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition> 524 <reboot into current> 525 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section> 526 <maybe install compatibility libraries from src/lib/compat> 527 <reboot> 528 529 530 To upgrade in-place from 5.x-stable to current 531 ---------------------------------------------- 532 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 533 make buildworld [9] 534 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8] 535 [1] 536 <reboot in single user> [3] 537 mergemaster -p [5] 538 make installworld 539 make delete-old 540 mergemaster -i [4] 541 <reboot> 542 543 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the 544 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life 545 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own 546 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of 547 the UPDATING entries. 548 549 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to 550 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update 551 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent 552 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has 553 much fewer pitfalls. 554 555 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you 556 should disable them at this point so they don't crash your 557 system on reboot. 558 559 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do 560 fsck -p 561 mount -u / 562 mount -a 563 cd src 564 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time 565 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that 566 you boot into single user mode to do the installworld. 567 568 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step 569 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the 570 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those 571 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well 572 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists 573 for potential gotchas. 574 575 [5] Usually this step is a noop. However, from time to time 576 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following 577 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to 578 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make 579 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated 580 from current before 20020224 or from -stable before 20020408. 581 582 [8] In order to have a kernel that can run the 4.x binaries 583 needed to do an installworld, you must include the COMPAT_FREEBSD4 584 option in your kernel. Failure to do so may leave you with a system 585 that is hard to boot to recover. A similar kernel option COMPAT_FREEBSD5 586 is required to run the 5.x binaries on more recent kernels. 587 588 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the 589 last time you updated your kernel config file. 590 591 [9] When checking out sources, you must include the -P flag to have 592 cvs prune empty directories. 593 594 If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the 595 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can 596 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to. 597 598 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and 599 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will 600 warn if it is improperly defined. 601FORMAT: 602 603This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major 604breakages in tracking -current. Not all things will be listed here, 605and it only starts on October 16, 2004. Updating files can found in 606previous releases if your system is older than this. 607 608Copyright information: 609 610Copyright 1998-2005 M. Warner Losh. All Rights Reserved. 611 612Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without 613modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this 614document are permitted without further permission from the author. 615 616THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 617IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 618WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE 619DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, 620INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES 621(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR 622SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 623HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, 624STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING 625IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 626POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 627 628If you find this document useful, and you want to, you may buy the 629author a beer. 630 631Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of 632this document. 633 634$FreeBSD: head/UPDATING 162897 2006-09-30 20:01:15Z ru $ 635