UPDATING revision 153320
1Updating Information for FreeBSD current users 2 3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh 4<imp@village.org>. See end of file for further details. For commonly 5done items, please see the COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. 6 7Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in 8/usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before running 9portupgrade. 10 11NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 7.x IS SLOW: 12 FreeBSD 7.x has many debugging features turned on, in 13 both the kernel and userland. These features attempt to detect 14 incorrect use of system primitives, and encourage loud failure 15 through extra sanity checking and fail stop semantics. They 16 also substantially impact system performance. If you want to 17 do performance measurement, benchmarking, and optimization, 18 you'll want to turn them off. This includes various WITNESS- 19 related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc debugging flags 20 in userland, and various verbose features in the kernel. Many 21 developers choose to disable these features on build machines 22 to maximize performance. 23 2420051211: 25 The net80211-related tools in the tools/tools/ath directory 26 have been moved to tools/tools/net80211 and renamed with a 27 "wlan" prefix. Scripts that use them should be adjusted 28 accordingly. 29 3020051202: 31 Scripts in the local_startup directories (as defined in 32 /etc/defaults/rc.conf) that have the new rc.d semantics will 33 now be run as part of the base system rcorder. If there are 34 errors or problems with one of these local scripts, it could 35 cause boot problems. If you encounter such problems, boot in 36 single user mode, remove that script from the */rc.d directory. 37 Please report the problem to the port's maintainer, and the 38 freebsd-ports@freebsd.org mailing list. 39 4020051129: 41 The nodev mount option was deprecated in RELENG_6 (where it 42 was a no-op), and is now unsupported. If you have nodev or dev listed 43 in /etc/fstab, remove it, otherwise it will result in a mount error. 44 4520051129: 46 ABI between ipfw(4) and ipfw(8) has been changed. You need 47 to rebuild ipfw(8) when rebuilding kernel. 48 4920051029: 50 /etc/rc.d/ppp-user has been renamed to /etc/rc.d/ppp. 51 Its /etc/rc.conf.d configuration file has been `ppp' from 52 the beginning, and hence there is no need to touch it. 53 5420051001: 55 kern.polling.enable sysctl MIB is now deprecated. Use ifconfig(8) 56 to turn polling(4) on your interfaces. 57 5820050927: 59 The old bridge(4) implementation was retired. The new 60 if_bridge(4) serves as a full functional replacement. 61 6220050722: 63 The ai_addrlen of a struct addrinfo was changed to a socklen_t 64 to conform to POSIX-2001. This change broke an ABI 65 compatibility on 64 bit architecture. You have to recompile 66 userland programs that use getaddrinfo(3) on 64 bit 67 architecture. 68 6920050711: 70 RELENG_6 branched here. 71 7220050629: 73 The pccard_ifconfig rc.conf variable has been removed and a new 74 variable, ifconfig_DEFAULT has been introduced. Unlike 75 pccard_ifconfig, ifconfig_DEFAULT applies to ALL interfaces that 76 do not have ifconfig_ifn entries rather than just those in 77 removable_interfaces. 78 7920050616: 80 Some previous versions of PAM have permitted the use of 81 non-absolute paths in /etc/pam.conf or /etc/pam.d/* when referring 82 to third party PAM modules in /usr/local/lib. A change has been 83 made to require the use of absolute paths in order to avoid 84 ambiguity and dependence on library path configuration, which may 85 affect existing configurations. 86 8720050610: 88 Major changes to network interface API. All drivers must be 89 recompiled. Drivers not in the base system will need to be 90 updated to the new APIs. 91 9220050609: 93 Changes were made to kinfo_proc in sys/user.h. Please recompile 94 userland, or commands like `fstat', `pkill', `ps', `top' and `w' 95 will not behave correctly. 96 97 The API and ABI for hwpmc(4) have changed with the addition 98 of sampling support. Please recompile lib/libpmc(3) and 99 usr.sbin/{pmcstat,pmccontrol}. 100 10120050606: 102 The OpenBSD dhclient was imported in place of the ISC dhclient 103 and the network interface configuration scripts were updated 104 accordingly. If you use DHCP to configure your interfaces, you 105 must now run devd. Also, DNS updating was lost so you will need 106 to find a workaround if you use this feature. 107 10820050605: 109 if_bridge was added to the tree. This has changed struct ifnet. 110 Please recompile userland and all network related modules. 111 11220050603: 113 The n_net of a struct netent was changed to an uint32_t, and 114 1st argument of getnetbyaddr() was changed to an uint32_t, to 115 conform to POSIX-2001. These changes broke an ABI 116 compatibility on 64 bit architecture. With these changes, 117 shlib major of libpcap was bumped. You have to recompile 118 userland programs that use getnetbyaddr(3), getnetbyname(3), 119 getnetent(3) and/or libpcap on 64 bit architecture. 120 12120050528: 122 Kernel parsing of extra options on '#!' first lines of shell 123 scripts has changed. Lines with multiple options likely will 124 fail after this date. For full details, please see 125 http://people.freebsd.org/~gad/Updating-20050528.txt 126 12720050503: 128 The packet filter (pf) code has been updated to OpenBSD 3.7 129 Please note the changed anchor syntax and the fact that 130 authpf(8) now needs a mounted fdescfs(5) to function. 131 13220050415: 133 The NO_MIXED_MODE kernel option has been removed from the i386 134 amd64 platforms as its use has been superceded by the new local 135 APIC timer code. Any kernel config files containing this option 136 should be updated. 137 13820050227: 139 The on-disk format of LC_CTYPE files was changed to be machine 140 independent. Please make sure NOT to use NO_CLEAN buildworld 141 when crossing this point. Crossing this point also requires 142 recompile or reinstall of all locale depended packages. 143 14420050225: 145 The ifi_epoch member of struct if_data has been changed to 146 contain the uptime at which the interface was created or the 147 statistics zeroed rather then the wall clock time because 148 wallclock time may go backwards. This should have no impact 149 unless an snmp implementation is using this value (I know of 150 none at this point.) 151 15220050224: 153 The acpi_perf and acpi_throttle drivers are now part of the 154 acpi(4) main module. They are no longer built separately. 155 15620050223: 157 The layout of struct image_params has changed. You have to 158 recompile all compatibility modules (linux, svr4, etc) for use 159 with the new kernel. 160 16120050223: 162 The p4tcc driver has been merged into cpufreq(4). This makes 163 "options CPU_ENABLE_TCC" obsolete. Please load cpufreq.ko or 164 compile in "device cpufreq" to restore this functionality. 165 16620050220: 167 The responsibility of recomputing the file system summary of 168 a SoftUpdates-enabled dirty volume has been transferred to the 169 background fsck. A rebuild of fsck(8) utility is recommended 170 if you have updated the kernel. 171 172 To get the old behavior (recompute file system summary at mount 173 time), you can set vfs.ffs.compute_summary_at_mount=1 before 174 mounting the new volume. 175 17620050206: 177 The cpufreq import is complete. As part of this, the sysctls for 178 acpi(4) throttling have been removed. The power_profile script 179 has been updated, so you can use performance/economy_cpu_freq in 180 rc.conf(5) to set AC on/offline cpu frequencies. 181 18220050206: 183 NG_VERSION has been increased. Recompiling kernel (or ng_socket.ko) 184 requires recompiling libnetgraph and userland netgraph utilities. 185 18620050114: 187 Support for abbreviated forms of a number of ipfw options is 188 now deprecated. Warnings are printed to stderr indicating the 189 correct full form when a match occurs. Some abbreviations may 190 be supported at a later date based on user feedback. To be 191 considered for support, abbreviations must be in use prior to 192 this commit and unlikely to be confused with current key words. 193 19420041221: 195 By a popular demand, a lot of NOFOO options were renamed 196 to NO_FOO (see bsd.compat.mk for a full list). The old 197 spellings are still supported, but will cause annoying 198 warnings on stderr. Make sure you upgrade properly (see 199 the COMMON ITEMS: section later in this file). 200 20120041219: 202 Auto-loading of ancillary wlan modules such as wlan_wep has 203 been temporarily disabled; you need to statically configure 204 the modules you need into your kernel or explicitly load them 205 prior to use. Specifically, if you intend to use WEP encryption 206 with an 802.11 device load/configure wlan_wep; if you want to 207 use WPA with the ath driver load/configure wlan_tkip, wlan_ccmp, 208 and wlan_xauth as required. 209 21020041213: 211 The behaviour of ppp(8) has changed slightly. If lqr is enabled 212 (``enable lqr''), older versions would revert to LCP ECHO mode on 213 negotiation failure. Now, ``enable echo'' is required for this 214 behaviour. The ppp version number has been bumped to 3.4.2 to 215 reflect the change. 216 21720041201: 218 The wlan support has been updated to split the crypto support 219 into separate modules. For static WEP you must configure the 220 wlan_wep module in your system or build and install the module 221 in place where it can be loaded (the kernel will auto-load 222 the module when a wep key is configured). 223 22420041201: 225 The ath driver has been updated to split the tx rate control 226 algorithm into a separate module. You need to include either 227 ath_rate_onoe or ath_rate_amrr when configuring the kernel. 228 22920041116: 230 Support for systems with an 80386 CPU has been removed. Please 231 use FreeBSD 5.x or earlier on systems with an 80386. 232 23320041110: 234 We have had a hack which would mount the root filesystem 235 R/W if the device were named 'md*'. As part of the vnode 236 work I'm doing I have had to remove this hack. People 237 building systems which use preloaded MD root filesystems 238 may need to insert a "/sbin/mount -u -o rw /dev/md0 /" in 239 their /etc/rc scripts. 240 24120041104: 242 FreeBSD 5.3 shipped here. 243 24420041102: 245 The size of struct tcpcb has changed again due to the removal 246 of RFC1644 T/TCP. You have to recompile userland programs that 247 read kmem for tcp sockets directly (netstat, sockstat, etc.) 248 24920041022: 250 The size of struct tcpcb has changed. You have to recompile 251 userland programs that read kmem for tcp sockets directly 252 (netstat, sockstat, etc.) 253 25420041016: 255 RELENG_5 branched here. For older entries, please see updating 256 in the RELENG_5 branch. 257 258COMMON ITEMS: 259 260 General Notes 261 ------------- 262 Avoid using make -j when upgrading. From time to time in the 263 past there have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or 264 installworld. This is especially true when upgrading between 265 "distant" versions (eg one that cross a major release boundary 266 or several minor releases, or when several months have passed 267 on the -current branch). 268 269 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment 270 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its 271 environment when searching for values for global variables. 272 To run your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", 273 prefix all make commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual 274 page for more details. 275 276 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally 277 best to upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch 278 first, then do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested 279 upgrade path, and has the highest probability of being successful. 280 Please try this approach before reporting problems with a major 281 version upgrade. 282 283 To build a kernel 284 ----------------- 285 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just 286 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most 287 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld, 288 289 make kernel-toolchain 290 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 291 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 292 293 To test a kernel once 294 --------------------- 295 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure 296 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide 297 debugging information) run 298 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel 299 nextboot -k testkernel 300 301 To just build a kernel when you know that it won't mess you up 302 -------------------------------------------------------------- 303 This assumes you are already running a 5.X system. Replace 304 ${arch} with the architecture of your machine (e.g. "i386", 305 "alpha", "amd64", "ia64", "pc98", "sparc64", etc). 306 307 cd src/sys/${arch}/conf 308 config KERNEL_NAME_HERE 309 cd ../compile/KERNEL_NAME_HERE 310 make depend 311 make 312 make install 313 314 If this fails, go to the "To build a kernel" section. 315 316 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system. 317 ----------------------------------------------------------- 318 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than 319 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current. 320 321 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 322 make buildworld 323 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 324 [1] 325 <reboot in single user> [3] 326 mergemaster -p [5] 327 make installworld 328 make delete-old 329 mergemaster [4] 330 <reboot> 331 332 333 To cross-install current onto a separate partition 334 -------------------------------------------------- 335 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold 336 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition 337 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in 338 # size. 339 340 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 341 <boot into -stable> 342 make buildworld 343 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 344 <maybe newfs current's root partition> 345 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}> 346 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 347 cd src/etc; make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd 348 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 349 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd 350 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition> 351 <reboot into current> 352 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section> 353 <maybe install compatibility libraries from src/lib/compat> 354 <reboot> 355 356 357 To upgrade in-place from 5.x-stable to current 358 ---------------------------------------------- 359 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 360 make buildworld [9] 361 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8] 362 [1] 363 <reboot in single user> [3] 364 mergemaster -p [5] 365 make installworld 366 make delete-old 367 mergemaster -i [4] 368 <reboot> 369 370 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the 371 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life 372 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own 373 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of 374 the UPDATING entries. 375 376 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to 377 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update 378 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent 379 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has 380 much fewer pitfalls. 381 382 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you 383 should disable them at this point so they don't crash your 384 system on reboot. 385 386 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do 387 fsck -p 388 mount -u / 389 mount -a 390 cd src 391 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time 392 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that 393 you boot into single user mode to do the installworld. 394 395 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step 396 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the 397 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those 398 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well 399 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists 400 for potential gotchas. 401 402 [5] Usually this step is a noop. However, from time to time 403 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following 404 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to 405 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make 406 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated 407 from current before 20020224 or from -stable before 20020408. 408 409 [8] In order to have a kernel that can run the 4.x binaries 410 needed to do an installworld, you must include the COMPAT_FREEBSD4 411 option in your kernel. Failure to do so may leave you with a system 412 that is hard to boot to recover. A similar kernel option COMPAT_FREEBSD5 413 is required to run the 5.x binaries on more recent kernels. 414 415 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the 416 last time you updated your kernel config file. 417 418 [9] When checking out sources, you must include the -P flag to have 419 cvs prune empty directories. 420 421 If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the 422 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can 423 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to. 424 425 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and 426 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will 427 warn if it is improperly defined. 428FORMAT: 429 430This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major 431breakages in tracking -current. Not all things will be listed here, 432and it only starts on October 16, 2004. Updating files can found in 433previous releases if your system is older than this. 434 435Copyright information: 436 437Copyright 1998-2005 M. Warner Losh. All Rights Reserved. 438 439Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without 440modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this 441document are permitted without further permission from the author. 442 443THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 444IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 445WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE 446DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, 447INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES 448(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR 449SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 450HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, 451STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING 452IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 453POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 454 455If you find this document useful, and you want to, you may buy the 456author a beer. 457 458Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of 459this document. 460 461$FreeBSD: head/UPDATING 153320 2005-12-11 23:18:58Z sam $ 462