UPDATING revision 253996
1Updating Information for FreeBSD current users 2 3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>. 4See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the 5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you 6basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD 7handbook: 8 9 http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html 10 11Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in 12/usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before running portupgrade. 13 14NOTE: FreeBSD has switched from gcc to clang. If you have trouble bootstrapping 15from older versions of FreeBSD, try WITHOUT_CLANG to bootstrap to the tip of 16head, and then rebuild without this option. The bootstrap process from 17older version of current is a bit fragile. 18 19NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 10.x IS SLOW: 20 FreeBSD 10.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel 21 and userland. These features attempt to detect incorrect use of 22 system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity 23 checking and fail stop semantics. They also substantially impact 24 system performance. If you want to do performance measurement, 25 benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off. This 26 includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc 27 debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the 28 kernel. Many developers choose to disable these features on build 29 machines to maximize performance. (To completely disable malloc 30 debugging, define MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/make.conf, or to merely 31 disable the most expensive debugging functionality run 32 "ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".) 33 3420130806: 35 INVARIANTS option now enables DEBUG for code with OpenSolaris and 36 Illumos origin, including ZFS. If you have INVARIANTS in your 37 kernel configuration, then there is no need to set DEBUG or ZFS_DEBUG 38 explicitly. 39 DEBUG used to enable witness(9) tracking of OpenSolaris (mostly ZFS) 40 locks if WITNESS option was set. Because that generated a lot of 41 witness(9) reports and all of them were believed to be false 42 positives, this is no longer done. New option OPENSOLARIS_WITNESS 43 can be used to achieve the previous behavior. 44 4520130806: 46 Timer values in IPv6 data structures now use time_uptime instead 47 of time_second. Although this is not a user-visible functional 48 change, userland utilities which directly use them---ndp(8), 49 rtadvd(8), and rtsold(8) in the base system---need to be updated 50 to r253970 or later. 51 5220130802: 53 find -delete can now delete the pathnames given as arguments, 54 instead of only files found below them or if the pathname did 55 not contain any slashes. Formerly, the following error message 56 would result: 57 58 find: -delete: <path>: relative path potentially not safe 59 60 Deleting the pathnames given as arguments can be prevented 61 without error messages using -mindepth 1 or by changing 62 directory and passing "." as argument to find. This works in the 63 old as well as the new version of find. 64 6520130726: 66 Behavior of devfs rules path matching has been changed. 67 Pattern is now always matched against fully qualified devfs 68 path and slash characters must be explicitly matched by 69 slashes in pattern (FNM_PATHNAME). Rulesets involving devfs 70 subdirectories must be reviewed. 71 7220130716: 73 The default ARM ABI has changed to the ARM EABI. The old ABI is 74 incompatible with the ARM EABI and all programs and modules will 75 need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel. 76 77 To keep using the old ABI ensure the WITHOUT_ARM_EABI knob is set. 78 79 NOTE: Support for the old ABI will be removed in the future and 80 users are advised to upgrade. 81 8220130709: 83 pkg_install has been disconnected from the build if you really need it 84 you should add WITH_PKGTOOLS in your src.conf(5). 85 8620130709: 87 Most of network statistics structures were changed to be able 88 keep 64-bits counters. Thus all tools, that work with networking 89 statistics, must be rebuilt (netstat(1), bsnmpd(1), etc.) 90 9120130629: 92 Fix targets that run multiple make's to use && rather than ; 93 so that subsequent steps depend on success of previous. 94 95 NOTE: if building 'universe' with -j* on stable/8 or stable/9 96 it would be better to start the build using bmake, to avoid 97 overloading the machine. 98 9920130618: 100 Fix a bug that allowed a tracing process (e.g. gdb) to write 101 to a memory-mapped file in the traced process's address space 102 even if neither the traced process nor the tracing process had 103 write access to that file. 104 10520130615: 106 CVS has been removed from the base system. An exact copy 107 of the code is available from the devel/cvs port. 108 10920130613: 110 Some people report the following error after the switch to bmake: 111 112 make: illegal option -- J 113 usage: make [-BPSXeiknpqrstv] [-C directory] [-D variable] 114 ... 115 *** [buildworld] Error code 2 116 117 this likely due to an old instance of make in 118 ${MAKEPATH} (${MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX}${.CURDIR}/make.${MACHINE}) 119 which src/Makefile will use that blindly, if it exists, so if 120 you see the above error: 121 122 rm -rf `make -V MAKEPATH` 123 124 should resolve it. 125 12620130516: 127 Use bmake by default. 128 Whereas before one could choose to build with bmake via 129 -DWITH_BMAKE one must now use -DWITHOUT_BMAKE to use the old 130 make. The goal is to remove these knobs for 10-RELEASE. 131 132 It is worth noting that bmake (like gmake) treats the command 133 line as the unit of failure, rather than statements within the 134 command line. Thus '(cd some/where && dosomething)' is safer 135 than 'cd some/where; dosomething'. The '()' allows consistent 136 behavior in parallel build. 137 13820130429: 139 Fix a bug that allows NFS clients to issue READDIR on files. 140 14120130426: 142 The WITHOUT_IDEA option has been removed because 143 the IDEA patent expired. 144 14520130426: 146 The sysctl which controls TRIM support under ZFS has been renamed 147 from vfs.zfs.trim_disable -> vfs.zfs.trim.enabled and has been 148 enabled by default. 149 15020130425: 151 The mergemaster command now uses the default MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX 152 rather than creating it's own in the temporary directory in 153 order allow access to bootstrapped versions of tools such as 154 install and mtree. When upgrading from version of FreeBSD where 155 the install command does not support -l, you will need to 156 install a new mergemaster command if mergemaster -p is required. 157 This can be accomplished with the command (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster 158 && make install). 159 16020130404: 161 Legacy ATA stack, disabled and replaced by new CAM-based one since 162 FreeBSD 9.0, completely removed from the sources. Kernel modules 163 atadisk and atapi*, user-level tools atacontrol and burncd are 164 removed. Kernel option `options ATA_CAM` is now permanently enabled 165 and removed. 166 16720130319: 168 SOCK_CLOEXEC and SOCK_NONBLOCK flags have been added to socket(2) 169 and socketpair(2). Software, in particular Kerberos, may 170 automatically detect and use these during building. The resulting 171 binaries will not work on older kernels. 172 17320130308: 174 CTL_DISABLE has also been added to the sparc64 GENERIC (for further 175 information, see the respective 20130304 entry). 176 17720130304: 178 Recent commits to callout(9) changed the size of struct callout, 179 so the KBI is probably heavily disturbed. Also, some functions 180 in callout(9)/sleep(9)/sleepqueue(9)/condvar(9) KPIs were replaced 181 by macros. Every kernel module using it won't load, so rebuild 182 is requested. 183 184 The ctl device has been re-enabled in GENERIC for i386 and amd64, 185 but does not initialize by default (because of the new CTL_DISABLE 186 option) to save memory. To re-enable it, remove the CTL_DISABLE 187 option from the kernel config file or set kern.cam.ctl.disable=0 188 in /boot/loader.conf. 189 19020130301: 191 The ctl device has been disabled in GENERIC for i386 and amd64. 192 This was done due to the extra memory being allocated at system 193 initialisation time by the ctl driver which was only used if 194 a CAM target device was created. This makes a FreeBSD system 195 unusable on 128MB or less of RAM. 196 19720130208: 198 A new compression method (lz4) has been merged to -HEAD. Please 199 refer to zpool-features(7) for more information. 200 201 Please refer to the "ZFS notes" section of this file for information 202 on upgrading boot ZFS pools. 203 20420130129: 205 A BSD-licensed patch(1) variant has been added and is installed 206 as bsdpatch, being the GNU version the default patch. 207 To inverse the logic and use the BSD-licensed one as default, 208 while having the GNU version installed as gnupatch, rebuild 209 and install world with the WITH_BSD_PATCH knob set. 210 21120130121: 212 Due to the use of the new -l option to install(1) during build 213 and install, you must take care not to directly set the INSTALL 214 make variable in your /etc/make.conf, /etc/src.conf, or on the 215 command line. If you wish to use the -C flag for all installs 216 you may be able to add INSTALL+=-C to /etc/make.conf or 217 /etc/src.conf. 218 21920130118: 220 The install(1) option -M has changed meaning and now takes an 221 argument that is a file or path to append logs to. In the 222 unlikely event that -M was the last option on the command line 223 and the command line contained at least two files and a target 224 directory the first file will have logs appended to it. The -M 225 option served little practical purpose in the last decade so its 226 use is expected to be extremely rare. 227 22820121223: 229 After switching to Clang as the default compiler some users of ZFS 230 on i386 systems started to experience stack overflow kernel panics. 231 Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=4' in such configurations. 232 23320121222: 234 GEOM_LABEL now mangles label names read from file system metadata. 235 Mangling affect labels containing spaces, non-printable characters, 236 '%' or '"'. Device names in /etc/fstab and other places may need to 237 be updated. 238 23920121217: 240 By default, only the 10 most recent kernel dumps will be saved. To 241 restore the previous behaviour (no limit on the number of kernel dumps 242 stored in the dump directory) add the following line to /etc/rc.conf: 243 244 savecore_flags="" 245 24620121201: 247 With the addition of auditdistd(8), a new auditdistd user is now 248 depended on during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add 249 the user prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook. 250 25120121117: 252 The sin6_scope_id member variable in struct sockaddr_in6 is now 253 filled by the kernel before passing the structure to the userland via 254 sysctl or routing socket. This means the KAME-specific embedded scope 255 id in sin6_addr.s6_addr[2] is always cleared in userland application. 256 This behavior can be controlled by net.inet6.ip6.deembed_scopeid. 257 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1000025. 258 25920121105: 260 On i386 and amd64 systems WITH_CLANG_IS_CC is now the default. 261 This means that the world and kernel will be compiled with clang 262 and that clang will be installed as /usr/bin/cc, /usr/bin/c++, 263 and /usr/bin/cpp. To disable this behavior and revert to building 264 with gcc, compile with WITHOUT_CLANG_IS_CC. Really old versions 265 of current may need to bootstrap WITHOUT_CLANG first if the clang 266 build fails (its compatibility window doesn't extend to the 9 stable 267 branch point). 268 26920121102: 270 The IPFIREWALL_FORWARD kernel option has been removed. Its 271 functionality now turned on by default. 272 27320121023: 274 The ZERO_COPY_SOCKET kernel option has been removed and 275 split into SOCKET_SEND_COW and SOCKET_RECV_PFLIP. 276 NB: SOCKET_SEND_COW uses the VM page based copy-on-write 277 mechanism which is not safe and may result in kernel crashes. 278 NB: The SOCKET_RECV_PFLIP mechanism is useless as no current 279 driver supports disposeable external page sized mbuf storage. 280 Proper replacements for both zero-copy mechanisms are under 281 consideration and will eventually lead to complete removal 282 of the two kernel options. 283 28420121023: 285 The IPv4 network stack has been converted to network byte 286 order. The following modules need to be recompiled together 287 with kernel: carp(4), divert(4), gif(4), siftr(4), gre(4), 288 pf(4), ipfw(4), ng_ipfw(4), stf(4). 289 29020121022: 291 Support for non-MPSAFE filesystems was removed from VFS. The 292 VFS_VERSION was bumped, all filesystem modules shall be 293 recompiled. 294 29520121018: 296 All the non-MPSAFE filesystems have been disconnected from 297 the build. The full list includes: codafs, hpfs, ntfs, nwfs, 298 portalfs, smbfs, xfs. 299 30020121016: 301 The interface cloning API and ABI has changed. The following 302 modules need to be recompiled together with kernel: 303 ipfw(4), pfsync(4), pflog(4), usb(4), wlan(4), stf(4), 304 vlan(4), disc(4), edsc(4), if_bridge(4), gif(4), tap(4), 305 faith(4), epair(4), enc(4), tun(4), if_lagg(4), gre(4). 306 30720121015: 308 The sdhci driver was split in two parts: sdhci (generic SD Host 309 Controller logic) and sdhci_pci (actual hardware driver). 310 No kernel config modifications are required, but if you 311 load sdhc as a module you must switch to sdhci_pci instead. 312 31320121014: 314 Import the FUSE kernel and userland support into base system. 315 31620121013: 317 The GNU sort(1) program has been removed since the BSD-licensed 318 sort(1) has been the default for quite some time and no serious 319 problems have been reported. The corresponding WITH_GNU_SORT 320 knob has also gone. 321 32220121006: 323 The pfil(9) API/ABI for AF_INET family has been changed. Packet 324 filtering modules: pf(4), ipfw(4), ipfilter(4) need to be recompiled 325 with new kernel. 326 32720121001: 328 The net80211(4) ABI has been changed to allow for improved driver 329 PS-POLL and power-save support. All wireless drivers need to be 330 recompiled to work with the new kernel. 331 33220120913: 333 The random(4) support for the VIA hardware random number 334 generator (`PADLOCK') is no longer enabled unconditionally. 335 Add the PADLOCK_RNG option in the custom kernel config if 336 needed. The GENERIC kernels on i386 and amd64 do include the 337 option, so the change only affects the custom kernel 338 configurations. 339 34020120908: 341 The pf(4) packet filter ABI has been changed. pfctl(8) and 342 snmp_pf module need to be recompiled to work with new kernel. 343 34420120828: 345 A new ZFS feature flag "com.delphix:empty_bpobj" has been merged 346 to -HEAD. Pools that have empty_bpobj in active state can not be 347 imported read-write with ZFS implementations that do not support 348 this feature. For more information read the zpool-features(5) 349 manual page. 350 35120120727: 352 The sparc64 ZFS loader has been changed to no longer try to auto- 353 detect ZFS providers based on diskN aliases but now requires these 354 to be explicitly listed in the OFW boot-device environment variable. 355 35620120712: 357 The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.1c. Any binaries requiring 358 libcrypto.so.6 or libssl.so.6 must be recompiled. Also, there are 359 configuration changes. Make sure to merge /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf. 360 36120120712: 362 The following sysctls and tunables have been renamed for consistency 363 with other variables: 364 kern.cam.da.da_send_ordered -> kern.cam.da.send_ordered 365 kern.cam.ada.ada_send_ordered -> kern.cam.ada.send_ordered 366 36720120628: 368 The sort utility has been replaced with BSD sort. For now, GNU sort 369 is also available as "gnusort" or the default can be set back to 370 GNU sort by setting WITH_GNU_SORT. In this case, BSD sort will be 371 installed as "bsdsort". 372 37320120611: 374 A new version of ZFS (pool version 5000) has been merged to -HEAD. 375 Starting with this version the old system of ZFS pool versioning 376 is superseded by "feature flags". This concept enables forward 377 compatibility against certain future changes in functionality of ZFS 378 pools. The first read-only compatible "feature flag" for ZFS pools 379 is named "com.delphix:async_destroy". For more information 380 read the new zpool-features(5) manual page. 381 Please refer to the "ZFS notes" section of this file for information 382 on upgrading boot ZFS pools. 383 38420120417: 385 The malloc(3) implementation embedded in libc now uses sources imported 386 as contrib/jemalloc. The most disruptive API change is to 387 /etc/malloc.conf. If your system has an old-style /etc/malloc.conf, 388 delete it prior to installworld, and optionally re-create it using the 389 new format after rebooting. See malloc.conf(5) for details 390 (specifically the TUNING section and the "opt.*" entries in the MALLCTL 391 NAMESPACE section). 392 39320120328: 394 Big-endian MIPS TARGET_ARCH values no longer end in "eb". mips64eb 395 is now spelled mips64. mipsn32eb is now spelled mipsn32. mipseb is 396 now spelled mips. This is to aid compatibility with third-party 397 software that expects this naming scheme in uname(3). Little-endian 398 settings are unchanged. If you are updating a big-endian mips64 machine 399 from before this change, you may need to set MACHINE_ARCH=mips64 in 400 your environment before the new build system will recognize your machine. 401 40220120306: 403 Disable by default the option VFS_ALLOW_NONMPSAFE for all supported 404 platforms. 405 40620120229: 407 Now unix domain sockets behave "as expected" on nullfs(5). Previously 408 nullfs(5) did not pass through all behaviours to the underlying layer, 409 as a result if we bound to a socket on the lower layer we could connect 410 only to the lower path; if we bound to the upper layer we could connect 411 only to the upper path. The new behavior is one can connect to both the 412 lower and the upper paths regardless what layer path one binds to. 413 41420120211: 415 The getifaddrs upgrade path broken with 20111215 has been restored. 416 If you have upgraded in between 20111215 and 20120209 you need to 417 recompile libc again with your kernel. You still need to recompile 418 world to be able to configure CARP but this restriction already 419 comes from 20111215. 420 42120120114: 422 The set_rcvar() function has been removed from /etc/rc.subr. All 423 base and ports rc.d scripts have been updated, so if you have a 424 port installed with a script in /usr/local/etc/rc.d you can either 425 hand-edit the rcvar= line, or reinstall the port. 426 427 An easy way to handle the mass-update of /etc/rc.d: 428 rm /etc/rc.d/* && mergemaster -i 429 43020120109: 431 panic(9) now stops other CPUs in the SMP systems, disables interrupts 432 on the current CPU and prevents other threads from running. 433 This behavior can be reverted using the kern.stop_scheduler_on_panic 434 tunable/sysctl. 435 The new behavior can be incompatible with kern.sync_on_panic. 436 43720111215: 438 The carp(4) facility has been changed significantly. Configuration 439 of the CARP protocol via ifconfig(8) has changed, as well as format 440 of CARP events submitted to devd(8) has changed. See manual pages 441 for more information. The arpbalance feature of carp(4) is currently 442 not supported anymore. 443 444 Size of struct in_aliasreq, struct in6_aliasreq has changed. User 445 utilities using SIOCAIFADDR, SIOCAIFADDR_IN6, e.g. ifconfig(8), 446 need to be recompiled. 447 44820111122: 449 The acpi_wmi(4) status device /dev/wmistat has been renamed to 450 /dev/wmistat0. 451 45220111108: 453 The option VFS_ALLOW_NONMPSAFE option has been added in order to 454 explicitely support non-MPSAFE filesystems. 455 It is on by default for all supported platform at this present 456 time. 457 45820111101: 459 The broken amd(4) driver has been replaced with esp(4) in the amd64, 460 i386 and pc98 GENERIC kernel configuration files. 461 46220110930: 463 sysinstall has been removed 464 46520110923: 466 The stable/9 branch created in subversion. This corresponds to the 467 RELENG_9 branch in CVS. 468 46920110913: 470 This commit modifies vfs_register() so that it uses a hash 471 calculation to set vfc_typenum, which is enabled by default. 472 The first time a system is booted after this change, the 473 vfc_typenum values will change for all file systems. The 474 main effect of this is a change to the NFS server file handles 475 for file systems that use vfc_typenum in their fsid, such as ZFS. 476 It will, however, prevent vfc_typenum from changing when file 477 systems are loaded in a different order for subsequent reboots. 478 To disable this, you can set vfs.typenumhash=0 in /boot/loader.conf 479 until you are ready to remount all NFS clients after a reboot. 480 48120110828: 482 Bump the shared library version numbers for libraries that 483 do not use symbol versioning, have changed the ABI compared 484 to stable/8 and which shared library version was not bumped. 485 Done as part of 9.0-RELEASE cycle. 486 48720110815: 488 During the merge of Capsicum features, the fget(9) KPI was modified. 489 This may require the rebuilding of out-of-tree device drivers -- 490 issues have been reported specifically with the nVidia device driver. 491 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 900041. 492 493 Also, there is a period between 20110811 and 20110814 where the 494 special devices /dev/{stdin,stdout,stderr} did not work correctly. 495 Building world from a kernel during that window may not work. 496 49720110628: 498 The packet filter (pf) code has been updated to OpenBSD 4.5. 499 You need to update userland tools to be in sync with kernel. 500 This update breaks backward compatibility with earlier pfsync(4) 501 versions. Care must be taken when updating redundant firewall setups. 502 50320110608: 504 The following sysctls and tunables are retired on x86 platforms: 505 machdep.hlt_cpus 506 machdep.hlt_logical_cpus 507 The following sysctl is retired: 508 machdep.hyperthreading_allowed 509 The sysctls were supposed to provide a way to dynamically offline and 510 online selected CPUs on x86 platforms, but the implementation has not 511 been reliable especially with SCHED_ULE scheduler. 512 machdep.hyperthreading_allowed tunable is still available to ignore 513 hyperthreading CPUs at OS level. 514 Individual CPUs can be disabled using hint.lapic.X.disabled tunable, 515 where X is an APIC ID of a CPU. Be advised, though, that disabling 516 CPUs in non-uniform fashion will result in non-uniform topology and 517 may lead to sub-optimal system performance with SCHED_ULE, which is 518 a default scheduler. 519 52020110607: 521 cpumask_t type is retired and cpuset_t is used in order to describe 522 a mask of CPUs. 523 52420110531: 525 Changes to ifconfig(8) for dynamic address family detection mandate 526 that you are running a kernel of 20110525 or later. Make sure to 527 follow the update procedure to boot a new kernel before installing 528 world. 529 53020110513: 531 Support for sun4v architecture is officially dropped 532 53320110503: 534 Several KPI breaking changes have been committed to the mii(4) layer, 535 the PHY drivers and consequently some Ethernet drivers using mii(4). 536 This means that miibus.ko and the modules of the affected Ethernet 537 drivers need to be recompiled. 538 539 Note to kernel developers: Given that the OUI bit reversion problem 540 was fixed as part of these changes all mii(4) commits related to OUIs, 541 i.e. to sys/dev/mii/miidevs, PHY driver probing and vendor specific 542 handling, no longer can be merged verbatim to stable/8 and previous 543 branches. 544 54520110430: 546 Users of the Atheros AR71xx SoC code now need to add 'device ar71xx_pci' 547 into their kernel configurations along with 'device pci'. 548 54920110427: 550 The default NFS client is now the new NFS client, so fstype "newnfs" 551 is now "nfs" and the regular/old NFS client is now fstype "oldnfs". 552 Although mounts via fstype "nfs" will usually work without userland 553 changes, it is recommended that the mount(8) and mount_nfs(8) 554 commands be rebuilt from sources and that a link to mount_nfs called 555 mount_oldnfs be created. The new client is compiled into the 556 kernel with "options NFSCL" and this is needed for diskless root 557 file systems. The GENERIC kernel configs have been changed to use 558 NFSCL and NFSD (the new server) instead of NFSCLIENT and NFSSERVER. 559 To use the regular/old client, you can "mount -t oldnfs ...". For 560 a diskless root file system, you must also include a line like: 561 562 vfs.root.mountfrom="oldnfs:" 563 564 in the boot/loader.conf on the root fs on the NFS server to make 565 a diskless root fs use the old client. 566 56720110424: 568 The GENERIC kernels for all architectures now default to the new 569 CAM-based ATA stack. It means that all legacy ATA drivers were 570 removed and replaced by respective CAM drivers. If you are using 571 ATA device names in /etc/fstab or other places, make sure to update 572 them respectively (adX -> adaY, acdX -> cdY, afdX -> daY, astX -> saY, 573 where 'Y's are the sequential numbers starting from zero for each type 574 in order of detection, unless configured otherwise with tunables, 575 see cam(4)). There will be symbolic links created in /dev/ to map 576 old adX devices to the respective adaY. They should provide basic 577 compatibility for file systems mounting in most cases, but they do 578 not support old user-level APIs and do not have respective providers 579 in GEOM. Consider using updated management tools with new device names. 580 581 It is possible to load devices ahci, ata, siis and mvs as modules, 582 but option ATA_CAM should remain in kernel configuration to make ata 583 module work as CAM driver supporting legacy ATA controllers. Device ata 584 still can be used in modular fashion (atacore + ...). Modules atadisk 585 and atapi* are not used and won't affect operation in ATA_CAM mode. 586 Note that to use CAM-based ATA kernel should include CAM devices 587 scbus, pass, da (or explicitly ada), cd and optionally others. All of 588 them are parts of the cam module. 589 590 ataraid(4) functionality is now supported by the RAID GEOM class. 591 To use it you can load geom_raid kernel module and use graid(8) tool 592 for management. Instead of /dev/arX device names, use /dev/raid/rX. 593 594 No kernel config options or code have been removed, so if a problem 595 arises, please report it and optionally revert to the old ATA stack. 596 In order to do it you can remove from the kernel config: 597 options ATA_CAM 598 device ahci 599 device mvs 600 device siis 601 , and instead add back: 602 device atadisk # ATA disk drives 603 device ataraid # ATA RAID drives 604 device atapicd # ATAPI CDROM drives 605 device atapifd # ATAPI floppy drives 606 device atapist # ATAPI tape drives 607 60820110423: 609 The default NFS server has been changed to the new server, which 610 was referred to as the experimental server. If you need to switch 611 back to the old NFS server, you must now put the "-o" option on 612 both the mountd and nfsd commands. This can be done using the 613 mountd_flags and nfs_server_flags rc.conf variables until an 614 update to the rc scripts is committed, which is coming soon. 615 61620110418: 617 The GNU Objective-C runtime library (libobjc), and other Objective-C 618 related components have been removed from the base system. If you 619 require an Objective-C library, please use one of the available ports. 620 62120110331: 622 ath(4) has been split into bus- and device- modules. if_ath contains 623 the HAL, the TX rate control and the network device code. if_ath_pci 624 contains the PCI bus glue. For Atheros MIPS embedded systems, if_ath_ahb 625 contains the AHB glue. Users need to load both if_ath_pci and if_ath 626 in order to use ath on everything else. 627 628 TO REPEAT: if_ath_ahb is not needed for normal users. Normal users only 629 need to load if_ath and if_ath_pci for ath(4) operation. 630 63120110314: 632 As part of the replacement of sysinstall, the process of building 633 release media has changed significantly. For details, please re-read 634 release(7), which has been updated to reflect the new build process. 635 63620110218: 637 GNU binutils 2.17.50 (as of 2007-07-03) has been merged to -HEAD. This 638 is the last available version under GPLv2. It brings a number of new 639 features, such as support for newer x86 CPU's (with SSE-3, SSSE-3, SSE 640 4.1 and SSE 4.2), better support for powerpc64, a number of new 641 directives, and lots of other small improvements. See the ChangeLog 642 file in contrib/binutils for the full details. 643 64420110218: 645 IPsec's HMAC_SHA256-512 support has been fixed to be RFC4868 646 compliant, and will now use half of hash for authentication. 647 This will break interoperability with all stacks (including all 648 actual FreeBSD versions) who implement 649 draft-ietf-ipsec-ciph-sha-256-00 (they use 96 bits of hash for 650 authentication). 651 The only workaround with such peers is to use another HMAC 652 algorithm for IPsec ("phase 2") authentication. 653 65420110207: 655 Remove the uio_yield prototype and symbol. This function has 656 been misnamed since it was introduced and should not be 657 globally exposed with this name. The equivalent functionality 658 is now available using kern_yield(curthread->td_user_pri). 659 The function remains undocumented. 660 66120110112: 662 A SYSCTL_[ADD_]UQUAD was added for unsigned uint64_t pointers, 663 symmetric with the existing SYSCTL_[ADD_]QUAD. Type checking 664 for scalar sysctls is defined but disabled. Code that needs 665 UQUAD to pass the type checking that must compile on older 666 systems where the define is not present can check against 667 __FreeBSD_version >= 900030. 668 669 The system dialog(1) has been replaced with a new version previously 670 in ports as devel/cdialog. dialog(1) is mostly command-line compatible 671 with the previous version, but the libdialog associated with it has 672 a largely incompatible API. As such, the original version of libdialog 673 will be kept temporarily as libodialog, until its base system consumers 674 are replaced or updated. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900030. 675 67620110103: 677 If you are trying to run make universe on a -stable system, and you get 678 the following warning: 679 "Makefile", line 356: "Target architecture for i386/conf/GENERIC 680 unknown. config(8) likely too old." 681 or something similar to it, then you must upgrade your -stable system 682 to 8.2-Release or newer (really, any time after r210146 7/15/2010 in 683 stable/8) or build the config from the latest stable/8 branch and 684 install it on your system. 685 686 Prior to this date, building a current universe on 8-stable system from 687 between 7/15/2010 and 1/2/2011 would result in a weird shell parsing 688 error in the first kernel build phase. A new config on those old 689 systems will fix that problem for older versions of -current. 690 69120101228: 692 The TCP stack has been modified to allow Khelp modules to interact with 693 it via helper hook points and store per-connection data in the TCP 694 control block. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900029. User space tools that 695 rely on the size of struct tcpcb in tcp_var.h (e.g. sockstat) need to 696 be recompiled. 697 69820101114: 699 Generic IEEE 802.3 annex 31B full duplex flow control support has been 700 added to mii(4) and bge(4), bce(4), msk(4), nfe(4) and stge(4) along 701 with brgphy(4), e1000phy(4) as well as ip1000phy() have been converted 702 to take advantage of it instead of using custom implementations. This 703 means that these drivers now no longer unconditionally advertise 704 support for flow control but only do so if flow control is a selected 705 media option. This was implemented in the generic support that way in 706 order to allow flow control to be switched on and off via ifconfig(8) 707 with the PHY specific default to typically off in order to protect 708 from unwanted effects. Consequently, if you used flow control with 709 one of the above mentioned drivers you now need to explicitly enable 710 it, for example via: 711 ifconfig bge0 media auto mediaopt flowcontrol 712 713 Along with the above mentioned changes generic support for setting 714 1000baseT master mode also has been added and brgphy(4), ciphy(4), 715 e1000phy(4) as well as ip1000phy(4) have been converted to take 716 advantage of it. This means that these drivers now no longer take the 717 link0 parameter for selecting master mode but the master media option 718 has to be used instead, for example like in the following: 719 ifconfig bge0 media 1000baseT mediaopt full-duplex,master 720 721 Selection of master mode now is also available with all other PHY 722 drivers supporting 1000baseT. 723 72420101111: 725 The TCP stack has received a significant update to add support for 726 modularised congestion control and generally improve the clarity of 727 congestion control decisions. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900025. User 728 space tools that rely on the size of struct tcpcb in tcp_var.h (e.g. 729 sockstat) need to be recompiled. 730 73120101002: 732 The man(1) utility has been replaced by a new version that no longer 733 uses /etc/manpath.config. Please consult man.conf(5) for how to 734 migrate local entries to the new format. 735 73620100928: 737 The copyright strings printed by login(1) and sshd(8) at the time of a 738 new connection have been removed to follow other operating systems and 739 upstream sshd. 740 74120100915: 742 A workaround for a fixed ld bug has been removed in kernel code, 743 so make sure that your system ld is built from sources after 744 revision 210245 from 2010-07-19 (r211583 if building head kernel 745 on stable/8, r211584 for stable/7; both from 2010-08-21). 746 A symptom of incorrect ld version is different addresses for 747 set_pcpu section and __start_set_pcpu symbol in kernel and/or modules. 748 74920100913: 750 The $ipv6_prefer variable in rc.conf(5) has been split into 751 $ip6addrctl_policy and $ipv6_activate_all_interfaces. 752 753 The $ip6addrctl_policy is a variable to choose a pre-defined 754 address selection policy set by ip6addrctl(8). A value 755 "ipv4_prefer", "ipv6_prefer" or "AUTO" can be specified. The 756 default is "AUTO". 757 758 The $ipv6_activate_all_interfaces specifies whether IFDISABLED 759 flag (see an entry of 20090926) is set on an interface with no 760 corresponding $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 line. The default is "NO" for 761 security reason. If you want IPv6 link-local address on all 762 interfaces by default, set this to "YES". 763 764 The old ipv6_prefer="YES" is equivalent to 765 ipv6_activate_all_interfaces="YES" and 766 ip6addrctl_policy="ipv6_prefer". 767 76820100913: 769 DTrace has grown support for userland tracing. Due to this, DTrace is 770 now i386 and amd64 only. 771 dtruss(1) is now installed by default on those systems and a new 772 kernel module is needed for userland tracing: fasttrap. 773 No changes to your kernel config file are necessary to enable 774 userland tracing, but you might consider adding 'STRIP=' and 775 'CFLAGS+=-fno-omit-frame-pointer' to your make.conf if you want 776 to have informative userland stack traces in DTrace (ustack). 777 77820100725: 779 The acpi_aiboost(4) driver has been removed in favor of the new 780 aibs(4) driver. You should update your kernel configuration file. 781 78220100722: 783 BSD grep has been imported to the base system and it is built by 784 default. It is completely BSD licensed, highly GNU-compatible, uses 785 less memory than its GNU counterpart and has a small codebase. 786 However, it is slower than its GNU counterpart, which is mostly 787 noticeable for larger searches, for smaller ones it is measurable 788 but not significant. The reason is complex, the most important factor 789 is that we lack a modern and efficient regex library and GNU 790 overcomes this by optimizing the searches internally. Future work 791 on improving the regex performance is planned, for the meantime, 792 users that need better performance, can build GNU grep instead by 793 setting the WITH_GNU_GREP knob. 794 79520100713: 796 Due to the import of powerpc64 support, all existing powerpc kernel 797 configuration files must be updated with a machine directive like this: 798 machine powerpc powerpc 799 800 In addition, an updated config(8) is required to build powerpc kernels 801 after this change. 802 80320100713: 804 A new version of ZFS (version 15) has been merged to -HEAD. 805 This version uses a python library for the following subcommands: 806 zfs allow, zfs unallow, zfs groupspace, zfs userspace. 807 For full functionality of these commands the following port must 808 be installed: sysutils/py-zfs 809 81020100429: 811 'vm_page's are now hashed by physical address to an array of mutexes. 812 Currently this is only used to serialize access to hold_count. Over 813 time the page queue mutex will be peeled away. This changes the size 814 of pmap on every architecture. And requires all callers of vm_page_hold 815 and vm_page_unhold to be updated. 816 81720100402: 818 WITH_CTF can now be specified in src.conf (not recommended, there 819 are some problems with static executables), make.conf (would also 820 affect ports which do not use GNU make and do not override the 821 compile targets) or in the kernel config (via "makeoptions 822 WITH_CTF=yes"). 823 When WITH_CTF was specified there before this was silently ignored, 824 so make sure that WITH_CTF is not used in places which could lead 825 to unwanted behavior. 826 82720100311: 828 The kernel option COMPAT_IA32 has been replaced with COMPAT_FREEBSD32 829 to allow 32-bit compatibility on non-x86 platforms. All kernel 830 configurations on amd64 and ia64 platforms using these options must 831 be modified accordingly. 832 83320100113: 834 The utmp user accounting database has been replaced with utmpx, 835 the user accounting interface standardized by POSIX. 836 Unfortunately the semantics of utmp and utmpx don't match, 837 making it practically impossible to support both interfaces. 838 The user accounting database is used by tools like finger(1), 839 last(1), talk(1), w(1) and ac(8). 840 841 All applications in the base system use utmpx. This means only 842 local binaries (e.g. from the ports tree) may still use these 843 utmp database files. These applications must be rebuilt to make 844 use of utmpx. 845 846 After the system has been upgraded, it is safe to remove the old 847 log files (/var/run/utmp, /var/log/lastlog and /var/log/wtmp*), 848 assuming their contents is of no importance anymore. Old wtmp 849 databases can only be used by last(1) and ac(8) after they have 850 been converted to the new format using wtmpcvt(1). 851 85220100108: 853 Introduce the kernel thread "deadlock resolver" (which can be enabled 854 via the DEADLKRES option, see NOTES for more details) and the 855 sleepq_type() function for sleepqueues. 856 85720091202: 858 The rc.firewall and rc.firewall6 were unified, and 859 rc.firewall6 and rc.d/ip6fw were removed. 860 According to the removal of rc.d/ip6fw, ipv6_firewall_* rc 861 variables are obsoleted. Instead, the following new rc 862 variables are added to rc.d/ipfw: 863 864 firewall_client_net_ipv6, firewall_simple_iif_ipv6, 865 firewall_simple_inet_ipv6, firewall_simple_oif_ipv6, 866 firewall_simple_onet_ipv6, firewall_trusted_ipv6 867 868 The meanings correspond to the relevant IPv4 variables. 869 87020091125: 871 8.0-RELEASE. 872 87320091113: 874 The default terminal emulation for syscons(4) has been changed 875 from cons25 to xterm on all platforms except pc98. This means 876 that the /etc/ttys file needs to be updated to ensure correct 877 operation of applications on the console. 878 879 The terminal emulation style can be toggled per window by using 880 vidcontrol(1)'s -T flag. The TEKEN_CONS25 kernel configuration 881 options can be used to change the compile-time default back to 882 cons25. 883 884 To prevent graphical artifacts, make sure the TERM environment 885 variable is set to match the terminal emulation that is being 886 performed by syscons(4). 887 88820091109: 889 The layout of the structure ieee80211req_scan_result has changed. 890 Applications that require wireless scan results (e.g. ifconfig(8)) 891 from net80211 need to be recompiled. 892 893 Applications such as wpa_supplicant(8) may require a full world 894 build without using NO_CLEAN in order to get synchronized with the 895 new structure. 896 89720091025: 898 The iwn(4) driver has been updated to support the 5000 and 5150 series. 899 There's one kernel module for each firmware. Adding "device iwnfw" 900 to the kernel configuration file means including all three firmware 901 images inside the kernel. If you want to include just the one for 902 your wireless card, use the devices iwn4965fw, iwn5000fw or 903 iwn5150fw. 904 90520090926: 906 The rc.d/network_ipv6, IPv6 configuration script has been integrated 907 into rc.d/netif. The changes are the following: 908 909 1. To use IPv6, simply define $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 like $ifconfig_IF 910 for IPv4. For aliases, $ifconfig_IF_aliasN should be used. 911 Note that both variables need the "inet6" keyword at the head. 912 913 Do not set $ipv6_network_interfaces manually if you do not 914 understand what you are doing. It is not needed in most cases. 915 916 $ipv6_ifconfig_IF and $ipv6_ifconfig_IF_aliasN still work, but 917 they are obsolete. 918 919 2. $ipv6_enable is obsolete. Use $ipv6_prefer and 920 "inet6 accept_rtadv" keyword in ifconfig(8) instead. 921 922 If you define $ipv6_enable=YES, it means $ipv6_prefer=YES and 923 all configured interfaces have "inet6 accept_rtadv" in the 924 $ifconfig_IF_ipv6. These are for backward compatibility. 925 926 3. A new variable $ipv6_prefer has been added. If NO, IPv6 927 functionality of interfaces with no corresponding 928 $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 is disabled by using "inet6 ifdisabled" flag, 929 and the default address selection policy of ip6addrctl(8) 930 is the IPv4-preferred one (see rc.d/ip6addrctl for more details). 931 Note that if you want to configure IPv6 functionality on the 932 disabled interfaces after boot, first you need to clear the flag by 933 using ifconfig(8) like: 934 935 ifconfig em0 inet6 -ifdisabled 936 937 If YES, the default address selection policy is set as 938 IPv6-preferred. 939 940 The default value of $ipv6_prefer is NO. 941 942 4. If your system need to receive Router Advertisement messages, 943 define "inet6 accept_rtadv" in $ifconfig_IF_ipv6. The rc(8) 944 scripts automatically invoke rtsol(8) when the interface becomes 945 UP. The Router Advertisement messages are used for SLAAC 946 (State-Less Address AutoConfiguration). 947 94820090922: 949 802.11s D3.03 support was committed. This is incompatible with the 950 previous code, which was based on D3.0. 951 95220090912: 953 A sysctl variable net.inet6.ip6.accept_rtadv now sets the default value 954 of a per-interface flag ND6_IFF_ACCEPT_RTADV, not a global knob to 955 control whether accepting Router Advertisement messages or not. 956 Also, a per-interface flag ND6_IFF_AUTO_LINKLOCAL has been added and 957 a sysctl variable net.inet6.ip6.auto_linklocal is its default value. 958 The ifconfig(8) utility now supports these flags. 959 96020090910: 961 ZFS snapshots are now mounted with MNT_IGNORE flag. Use -v option for 962 mount(8) and -a option for df(1) to see them. 963 96420090825: 965 The old tunable hw.bus.devctl_disable has been superseded by 966 hw.bus.devctl_queue. hw.bus.devctl_disable=1 in loader.conf should be 967 replaced by hw.bus.devctl_queue=0. The default for this new tunable 968 is 1000. 969 97020090813: 971 Remove the option STOP_NMI. The default action is now to use NMI only 972 for KDB via the newly introduced function stop_cpus_hard() and 973 maintain stop_cpus() to just use a normal IPI_STOP on ia32 and amd64. 974 97520090803: 976 The stable/8 branch created in subversion. This corresponds to the 977 RELENG_8 branch in CVS. 978 97920090719: 980 Bump the shared library version numbers for all libraries that do not 981 use symbol versioning as part of the 8.0-RELEASE cycle. Bump 982 __FreeBSD_version to 800105. 983 98420090714: 985 Due to changes in the implementation of virtual network stack support, 986 all network-related kernel modules must be recompiled. As this change 987 breaks the ABI, bump __FreeBSD_version to 800104. 988 98920090713: 990 The TOE interface to the TCP syncache has been modified to remove 991 struct tcpopt (<netinet/tcp_var.h>) from the ABI of the network stack. 992 The cxgb driver is the only TOE consumer affected by this change, and 993 needs to be recompiled along with the kernel. As this change breaks 994 the ABI, bump __FreeBSD_version to 800103. 995 99620090712: 997 Padding has been added to struct tcpcb, sackhint and tcpstat in 998 <netinet/tcp_var.h> to facilitate future MFCs and bug fixes whilst 999 maintaining the ABI. However, this change breaks the ABI, so bump 1000 __FreeBSD_version to 800102. User space tools that rely on the size of 1001 any of these structs (e.g. sockstat) need to be recompiled. 1002 100320090630: 1004 The NFS_LEGACYRPC option has been removed along with the old kernel 1005 RPC implementation that this option selected. Kernel configurations 1006 may need to be adjusted. 1007 100820090629: 1009 The network interface device nodes at /dev/net/<interface> have been 1010 removed. All ioctl operations can be performed the normal way using 1011 routing sockets. The kqueue functionality can generally be replaced 1012 with routing sockets. 1013 101420090628: 1015 The documentation from the FreeBSD Documentation Project (Handbook, 1016 FAQ, etc.) is now installed via packages by sysinstall(8) and under 1017 the /usr/local/share/doc/freebsd directory instead of /usr/share/doc. 1018 101920090624: 1020 The ABI of various structures related to the SYSV IPC API have been 1021 changed. As a result, the COMPAT_FREEBSD[456] and COMPAT_43 kernel 1022 options now all require COMPAT_FREEBSD7. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1023 800100. 1024 102520090622: 1026 Layout of struct vnet has changed as routing related variables were 1027 moved to their own Vimage module. Modules need to be recompiled. Bump 1028 __FreeBSD_version to 800099. 1029 103020090619: 1031 NGROUPS_MAX and NGROUPS have been increased from 16 to 1023 and 1024 1032 respectively. As long as no more than 16 groups per process are used, 1033 no changes should be visible. When more than 16 groups are used, old 1034 binaries may fail if they call getgroups() or getgrouplist() with 1035 statically sized storage. Recompiling will work around this, but 1036 applications should be modified to use dynamically allocated storage 1037 for group arrays as POSIX.1-2008 does not cap an implementation's 1038 number of supported groups at NGROUPS_MAX+1 as previous versions did. 1039 1040 NFS and portalfs mounts may also be affected as the list of groups is 1041 truncated to 16. Users of NFS who use more than 16 groups, should 1042 take care that negative group permissions are not used on the exported 1043 file systems as they will not be reliable unless a GSSAPI based 1044 authentication method is used. 1045 104620090616: 1047 The compiling option ADAPTIVE_LOCKMGRS has been introduced. This 1048 option compiles in the support for adaptive spinning for lockmgrs 1049 which want to enable it. The lockinit() function now accepts the flag 1050 LK_ADAPTIVE in order to make the lock object subject to adaptive 1051 spinning when both held in write and read mode. 1052 105320090613: 1054 The layout of the structure returned by IEEE80211_IOC_STA_INFO has 1055 changed. User applications that use this ioctl need to be rebuilt. 1056 105720090611: 1058 The layout of struct thread has changed. Kernel and modules need to 1059 be rebuilt. 1060 106120090608: 1062 The layout of structs ifnet, domain, protosw and vnet_net has changed. 1063 Kernel modules need to be rebuilt. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800097. 1064 106520090602: 1066 window(1) has been removed from the base system. It can now be 1067 installed from ports. The port is called misc/window. 1068 106920090601: 1070 The way we are storing and accessing `routing table' entries has 1071 changed. Programs reading the FIB, like netstat, need to be 1072 re-compiled. 1073 107420090601: 1075 A new netisr implementation has been added for FreeBSD 8. Network 1076 file system modules, such as igmp, ipdivert, and others, should be 1077 rebuilt. 1078 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800096. 1079 108020090530: 1081 Remove the tunable/sysctl debug.mpsafevfs as its initial purpose is no 1082 more valid. 1083 108420090530: 1085 Add VOP_ACCESSX(9). File system modules need to be rebuilt. 1086 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800094. 1087 108820090529: 1089 Add mnt_xflag field to 'struct mount'. File system modules need to be 1090 rebuilt. 1091 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800093. 1092 109320090528: 1094 The compiling option ADAPTIVE_SX has been retired while it has been 1095 introduced the option NO_ADAPTIVE_SX which handles the reversed logic. 1096 The KPI for sx_init_flags() changes as accepting flags: 1097 SX_ADAPTIVESPIN flag has been retired while the SX_NOADAPTIVE flag has 1098 been introduced in order to handle the reversed logic. 1099 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800092. 1100 110120090527: 1102 Add support for hierarchical jails. Remove global securelevel. 1103 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800091. 1104 110520090523: 1106 The layout of struct vnet_net has changed, therefore modules 1107 need to be rebuilt. 1108 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800090. 1109 111020090523: 1111 The newly imported zic(8) produces a new format in the output. Please 1112 run tzsetup(8) to install the newly created data to /etc/localtime. 1113 111420090520: 1115 The sysctl tree for the usb stack has renamed from hw.usb2.* to 1116 hw.usb.* and is now consistent again with previous releases. 1117 111820090520: 1119 802.11 monitor mode support was revised and driver api's were changed. 1120 Drivers dependent on net80211 now support DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO instead 1121 of DLT_IEEE802_11. No user-visible data structures were changed but 1122 applications that use DLT_IEEE802_11 may require changes. 1123 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800088. 1124 112520090430: 1126 The layout of the following structs has changed: sysctl_oid, 1127 socket, ifnet, inpcbinfo, tcpcb, syncache_head, vnet_inet, 1128 vnet_inet6 and vnet_ipfw. Most modules need to be rebuild or 1129 panics may be experienced. World rebuild is required for 1130 correctly checking networking state from userland. 1131 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800085. 1132 113320090429: 1134 MLDv2 and Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) have been merged 1135 to the IPv6 stack. VIMAGE hooks are in but not yet used. 1136 The implementation of SSM within FreeBSD's IPv6 stack closely 1137 follows the IPv4 implementation. 1138 1139 For kernel developers: 1140 1141 * The most important changes are that the ip6_output() and 1142 ip6_input() paths no longer take the IN6_MULTI_LOCK, 1143 and this lock has been downgraded to a non-recursive mutex. 1144 1145 * As with the changes to the IPv4 stack to support SSM, filtering 1146 of inbound multicast traffic must now be performed by transport 1147 protocols within the IPv6 stack. This does not apply to TCP and 1148 SCTP, however, it does apply to UDP in IPv6 and raw IPv6. 1149 1150 * The KPIs used by IPv6 multicast are similar to those used by 1151 the IPv4 stack, with the following differences: 1152 * im6o_mc_filter() is analogous to imo_multicast_filter(). 1153 * The legacy KAME entry points in6_joingroup and in6_leavegroup() 1154 are shimmed to in6_mc_join() and in6_mc_leave() respectively. 1155 * IN6_LOOKUP_MULTI() has been deprecated and removed. 1156 * IPv6 relies on MLD for the DAD mechanism. KAME's internal KPIs 1157 for MLDv1 have an additional 'timer' argument which is used to 1158 jitter the initial membership report for the solicited-node 1159 multicast membership on-link. 1160 * This is not strictly needed for MLDv2, which already jitters 1161 its report transmissions. However, the 'timer' argument is 1162 preserved in case MLDv1 is active on the interface. 1163 1164 * The KAME linked-list based IPv6 membership implementation has 1165 been refactored to use a vector similar to that used by the IPv4 1166 stack. 1167 Code which maintains a list of its own multicast memberships 1168 internally, e.g. carp, has been updated to reflect the new 1169 semantics. 1170 1171 * There is a known Lock Order Reversal (LOR) due to in6_setscope() 1172 acquiring the IF_AFDATA_LOCK and being called within ip6_output(). 1173 Whilst MLDv2 tries to avoid this otherwise benign LOR, it is an 1174 implementation constraint which needs to be addressed in HEAD. 1175 1176 For application developers: 1177 1178 * The changes are broadly similar to those made for the IPv4 1179 stack. 1180 1181 * The use of IPv4 and IPv6 multicast socket options on the same 1182 socket, using mapped addresses, HAS NOT been tested or supported. 1183 1184 * There are a number of issues with the implementation of various 1185 IPv6 multicast APIs which need to be resolved in the API surface 1186 before the implementation is fully compatible with KAME userland 1187 use, and these are mostly to do with interface index treatment. 1188 1189 * The literature available discusses the use of either the delta / ASM 1190 API with setsockopt(2)/getsockopt(2), or the full-state / ASM API 1191 using setsourcefilter(3)/getsourcefilter(3). For more information 1192 please refer to RFC 3768, 'Socket Interface Extensions for 1193 Multicast Source Filters'. 1194 1195 * Applications which use the published RFC 3678 APIs should be fine. 1196 1197 For systems administrators: 1198 1199 * The mtest(8) utility has been refactored to support IPv6, in 1200 addition to IPv4. Interface addresses are no longer accepted 1201 as arguments, their names must be used instead. The utility 1202 will map the interface name to its first IPv4 address as 1203 returned by getifaddrs(3). 1204 1205 * The ifmcstat(8) utility has also been updated to print the MLDv2 1206 endpoint state and source filter lists via sysctl(3). 1207 1208 * The net.inet6.ip6.mcast.loop sysctl may be tuned to 0 to disable 1209 loopback of IPv6 multicast datagrams by default; it defaults to 1 1210 to preserve the existing behaviour. Disabling multicast loopback is 1211 recommended for optimal system performance. 1212 1213 * The IPv6 MROUTING code has been changed to examine this sysctl 1214 instead of attempting to perform a group lookup before looping 1215 back forwarded datagrams. 1216 1217 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800084. 1218 121920090422: 1220 Implement low-level Bluetooth HCI API. 1221 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800083. 1222 122320090419: 1224 The layout of struct malloc_type, used by modules to register new 1225 memory allocation types, has changed. Most modules will need to 1226 be rebuilt or panics may be experienced. 1227 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800081. 1228 122920090415: 1230 Anticipate overflowing inp_flags - add inp_flags2. 1231 This changes most offsets in inpcb, so checking v4 connection 1232 state will require a world rebuild. 1233 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800080. 1234 123520090415: 1236 Add an llentry to struct route and struct route_in6. Modules 1237 embedding a struct route will need to be recompiled. 1238 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800079. 1239 124020090414: 1241 The size of rt_metrics_lite and by extension rtentry has changed. 1242 Networking administration apps will need to be recompiled. 1243 The route command now supports show as an alias for get, weighting 1244 of routes, sticky and nostick flags to alter the behavior of stateful 1245 load balancing. 1246 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800078. 1247 124820090408: 1249 Do not use Giant for kbdmux(4) locking. This is wrong and 1250 apparently causing more problems than it solves. This will 1251 re-open the issue where interrupt handlers may race with 1252 kbdmux(4) in polling mode. Typical symptoms include (but 1253 not limited to) duplicated and/or missing characters when 1254 low level console functions (such as gets) are used while 1255 interrupts are enabled (for example geli password prompt, 1256 mountroot prompt etc.). Disabling kbdmux(4) may help. 1257 125820090407: 1259 The size of structs vnet_net, vnet_inet and vnet_ipfw has changed; 1260 kernel modules referencing any of the above need to be recompiled. 1261 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800075. 1262 126320090320: 1264 GEOM_PART has become the default partition slicer for storage devices, 1265 replacing GEOM_MBR, GEOM_BSD, GEOM_PC98 and GEOM_GPT slicers. It 1266 introduces some changes: 1267 1268 MSDOS/EBR: the devices created from MSDOS extended partition entries 1269 (EBR) can be named differently than with GEOM_MBR and are now symlinks 1270 to devices with offset-based names. fstabs may need to be modified. 1271 1272 BSD: the "geometry does not match label" warning is harmless in most 1273 cases but it points to problems in file system misalignment with 1274 disk geometry. The "c" partition is now implicit, covers the whole 1275 top-level drive and cannot be (mis)used by users. 1276 1277 General: Kernel dumps are now not allowed to be written to devices 1278 whose partition types indicate they are meant to be used for file 1279 systems (or, in case of MSDOS partitions, as something else than 1280 the "386BSD" type). 1281 1282 Most of these changes date approximately from 200812. 1283 128420090319: 1285 The uscanner(4) driver has been removed from the kernel. This follows 1286 Linux removing theirs in 2.6 and making libusb the default interface 1287 (supported by sane). 1288 128920090319: 1290 The multicast forwarding code has been cleaned up. netstat(1) 1291 only relies on KVM now for printing bandwidth upcall meters. 1292 The IPv4 and IPv6 modules are split into ip_mroute_mod and 1293 ip6_mroute_mod respectively. The config(5) options for statically 1294 compiling this code remain the same, i.e. 'options MROUTING'. 1295 129620090315: 1297 Support for the IFF_NEEDSGIANT network interface flag has been 1298 removed, which means that non-MPSAFE network device drivers are no 1299 longer supported. In particular, if_ar, if_sr, and network device 1300 drivers from the old (legacy) USB stack can no longer be built or 1301 used. 1302 130320090313: 1304 POSIX.1 Native Language Support (NLS) has been enabled in libc and 1305 a bunch of new language catalog files have also been added. 1306 This means that some common libc messages are now localized and 1307 they depend on the LC_MESSAGES environmental variable. 1308 130920090313: 1310 The k8temp(4) driver has been renamed to amdtemp(4) since 1311 support for Family 10 and Family 11 CPU families was added. 1312 131320090309: 1314 IGMPv3 and Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) have been merged 1315 to the IPv4 stack. VIMAGE hooks are in but not yet used. 1316 1317 For kernel developers, the most important changes are that the 1318 ip_output() and ip_input() paths no longer take the IN_MULTI_LOCK(), 1319 and this lock has been downgraded to a non-recursive mutex. 1320 1321 Transport protocols (UDP, Raw IP) are now responsible for filtering 1322 inbound multicast traffic according to group membership and source 1323 filters. The imo_multicast_filter() KPI exists for this purpose. 1324 Transports which do not use multicast (SCTP, TCP) already reject 1325 multicast by default. Forwarding and receive performance may improve 1326 as a mutex acquisition is no longer needed in the ip_input() 1327 low-level input path. in_addmulti() and in_delmulti() are shimmed 1328 to new KPIs which exist to support SSM in-kernel. 1329 1330 For application developers, it is recommended that loopback of 1331 multicast datagrams be disabled for best performance, as this 1332 will still cause the lock to be taken for each looped-back 1333 datagram transmission. The net.inet.ip.mcast.loop sysctl may 1334 be tuned to 0 to disable loopback by default; it defaults to 1 1335 to preserve the existing behaviour. 1336 1337 For systems administrators, to obtain best performance with 1338 multicast reception and multiple groups, it is always recommended 1339 that a card with a suitably precise hash filter is used. Hash 1340 collisions will still result in the lock being taken within the 1341 transport protocol input path to check group membership. 1342 1343 If deploying FreeBSD in an environment with IGMP snooping switches, 1344 it is recommended that the net.inet.igmp.sendlocal sysctl remain 1345 enabled; this forces 224.0.0.0/24 group membership to be announced 1346 via IGMP. 1347 1348 The size of 'struct igmpstat' has changed; netstat needs to be 1349 recompiled to reflect this. 1350 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800070. 1351 135220090309: 1353 libusb20.so.1 is now installed as libusb.so.1 and the ports system 1354 updated to use it. This requires a buildworld/installworld in order to 1355 update the library and dependencies (usbconfig, etc). Its advisable to 1356 rebuild all ports which uses libusb. More specific directions are given 1357 in the ports collection UPDATING file. Any /etc/libmap.conf entries for 1358 libusb are no longer required and can be removed. 1359 136020090302: 1361 A workaround is committed to allow the creation of System V shared 1362 memory segment of size > 2 GB on the 64-bit architectures. 1363 Due to a limitation of the existing ABI, the shm_segsz member 1364 of the struct shmid_ds, returned by shmctl(IPC_STAT) call is 1365 wrong for large segments. Note that limits must be explicitly 1366 raised to allow such segments to be created. 1367 136820090301: 1369 The layout of struct ifnet has changed, requiring a rebuild of all 1370 network device driver modules. 1371 137220090227: 1373 The /dev handling for the new USB stack has changed, a 1374 buildworld/installworld is required for libusb20. 1375 137620090223: 1377 The new USB2 stack has now been permanently moved in and all kernel and 1378 module names reverted to their previous values (eg, usb, ehci, ohci, 1379 ums, ...). The old usb stack can be compiled in by prefixing the name 1380 with the letter 'o', the old usb modules have been removed. 1381 Updating entry 20090216 for xorg and 20090215 for libmap may still 1382 apply. 1383 138420090217: 1385 The rc.conf(5) option if_up_delay has been renamed to 1386 defaultroute_delay to better reflect its purpose. If you have 1387 customized this setting in /etc/rc.conf you need to update it to 1388 use the new name. 1389 139020090216: 1391 xorg 7.4 wants to configure its input devices via hald which does not 1392 yet work with USB2. If the keyboard/mouse does not work in xorg then 1393 add 1394 Option "AllowEmptyInput" "off" 1395 to your ServerLayout section. This will cause X to use the configured 1396 kbd and mouse sections from your xorg.conf. 1397 139820090215: 1399 The GENERIC kernels for all architectures now default to the new USB2 1400 stack. No kernel config options or code have been removed so if a 1401 problem arises please report it and optionally revert to the old USB 1402 stack. If you are loading USB kernel modules or have a custom kernel 1403 that includes GENERIC then ensure that usb names are also changed over, 1404 eg uftdi -> usb2_serial_ftdi. 1405 1406 Older programs linked against the ports libusb 0.1 need to be 1407 redirected to the new stack's libusb20. /etc/libmap.conf can 1408 be used for this: 1409 # Map old usb library to new one for usb2 stack 1410 libusb-0.1.so.8 libusb20.so.1 1411 141220090209: 1413 All USB ethernet devices now attach as interfaces under the name ueN 1414 (eg. ue0). This is to provide a predictable name as vendors often 1415 change usb chipsets in a product without notice. 1416 141720090203: 1418 The ichsmb(4) driver has been changed to require SMBus slave 1419 addresses be left-justified (xxxxxxx0b) rather than right-justified. 1420 All of the other SMBus controller drivers require left-justified 1421 slave addresses, so this change makes all the drivers provide the 1422 same interface. 1423 142420090201: 1425 INET6 statistics (struct ip6stat) was updated. 1426 netstat(1) needs to be recompiled. 1427 142820090119: 1429 NTFS has been removed from GENERIC kernel on amd64 to match 1430 GENERIC on i386. Should not cause any issues since mount_ntfs(8) 1431 will load ntfs.ko module automatically when NTFS support is 1432 actually needed, unless ntfs.ko is not installed or security 1433 level prohibits loading kernel modules. If either is the case, 1434 "options NTFS" has to be added into kernel config. 1435 143620090115: 1437 TCP Appropriate Byte Counting (RFC 3465) support added to kernel. 1438 New field in struct tcpcb breaks ABI, so bump __FreeBSD_version to 1439 800061. User space tools that rely on the size of struct tcpcb in 1440 tcp_var.h (e.g. sockstat) need to be recompiled. 1441 144220081225: 1443 ng_tty(4) module updated to match the new TTY subsystem. 1444 Due to API change, user-level applications must be updated. 1445 New API support added to mpd5 CVS and expected to be present 1446 in next mpd5.3 release. 1447 144820081219: 1449 With __FreeBSD_version 800060 the makefs tool is part of 1450 the base system (it was a port). 1451 145220081216: 1453 The afdata and ifnet locks have been changed from mutexes to 1454 rwlocks, network modules will need to be re-compiled. 1455 145620081214: 1457 __FreeBSD_version 800059 incorporates the new arp-v2 rewrite. 1458 RTF_CLONING, RTF_LLINFO and RTF_WASCLONED flags are eliminated. 1459 The new code reduced struct rtentry{} by 16 bytes on 32-bit 1460 architecture and 40 bytes on 64-bit architecture. The userland 1461 applications "arp" and "ndp" have been updated accordingly. 1462 The output from "netstat -r" shows only routing entries and 1463 none of the L2 information. 1464 146520081130: 1466 __FreeBSD_version 800057 marks the switchover from the 1467 binary ath hal to source code. Users must add the line: 1468 1469 options AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 1470 1471 to their kernel config files when specifying: 1472 1473 device ath_hal 1474 1475 The ath_hal module no longer exists; the code is now compiled 1476 together with the driver in the ath module. It is now 1477 possible to tailor chip support (i.e. reduce the set of chips 1478 and thereby the code size); consult ath_hal(4) for details. 1479 148020081121: 1481 __FreeBSD_version 800054 adds memory barriers to 1482 <machine/atomic.h>, new interfaces to ifnet to facilitate 1483 multiple hardware transmit queues for cards that support 1484 them, and a lock-less ring-buffer implementation to 1485 enable drivers to more efficiently manage queueing of 1486 packets. 1487 148820081117: 1489 A new version of ZFS (version 13) has been merged to -HEAD. 1490 This version has zpool attribute "listsnapshots" off by 1491 default, which means "zfs list" does not show snapshots, 1492 and is the same as Solaris behavior. 1493 149420081028: 1495 dummynet(4) ABI has changed. ipfw(8) needs to be recompiled. 1496 149720081009: 1498 The uhci, ohci, ehci and slhci USB Host controller drivers have 1499 been put into separate modules. If you load the usb module 1500 separately through loader.conf you will need to load the 1501 appropriate *hci module as well. E.g. for a UHCI-based USB 2.0 1502 controller add the following to loader.conf: 1503 1504 uhci_load="YES" 1505 ehci_load="YES" 1506 150720081009: 1508 The ABI used by the PMC toolset has changed. Please keep 1509 userland (libpmc(3)) and the kernel module (hwpmc(4)) in 1510 sync. 1511 151220081009: 1513 atapci kernel module now includes only generic PCI ATA 1514 driver. AHCI driver moved to ataahci kernel module. 1515 All vendor-specific code moved into separate kernel modules: 1516 ataacard, ataacerlabs, ataadaptec, ataamd, ataati, atacenatek, 1517 atacypress, atacyrix, atahighpoint, ataintel, ataite, atajmicron, 1518 atamarvell, atamicron, atanational, atanetcell, atanvidia, 1519 atapromise, ataserverworks, atasiliconimage, atasis, atavia 1520 152120080820: 1522 The TTY subsystem of the kernel has been replaced by a new 1523 implementation, which provides better scalability and an 1524 improved driver model. Most common drivers have been migrated to 1525 the new TTY subsystem, while others have not. The following 1526 drivers have not yet been ported to the new TTY layer: 1527 1528 PCI/ISA: 1529 cy, digi, rc, rp, sio 1530 1531 USB: 1532 ubser, ucycom 1533 1534 Line disciplines: 1535 ng_h4, ng_tty, ppp, sl, snp 1536 1537 Adding these drivers to your kernel configuration file shall 1538 cause compilation to fail. 1539 154020080818: 1541 ntpd has been upgraded to 4.2.4p5. 1542 154320080801: 1544 OpenSSH has been upgraded to 5.1p1. 1545 1546 For many years, FreeBSD's version of OpenSSH preferred DSA 1547 over RSA for host and user authentication keys. With this 1548 upgrade, we've switched to the vendor's default of RSA over 1549 DSA. This may cause upgraded clients to warn about unknown 1550 host keys even for previously known hosts. Users should 1551 follow the usual procedure for verifying host keys before 1552 accepting the RSA key. 1553 1554 This can be circumvented by setting the "HostKeyAlgorithms" 1555 option to "ssh-dss,ssh-rsa" in ~/.ssh/config or on the ssh 1556 command line. 1557 1558 Please note that the sequence of keys offered for 1559 authentication has been changed as well. You may want to 1560 specify IdentityFile in a different order to revert this 1561 behavior. 1562 156320080713: 1564 The sio(4) driver has been removed from the i386 and amd64 1565 kernel configuration files. This means uart(4) is now the 1566 default serial port driver on those platforms as well. 1567 1568 To prevent collisions with the sio(4) driver, the uart(4) driver 1569 uses different names for its device nodes. This means the 1570 onboard serial port will now most likely be called "ttyu0" 1571 instead of "ttyd0". You may need to reconfigure applications to 1572 use the new device names. 1573 1574 When using the serial port as a boot console, be sure to update 1575 /boot/device.hints and /etc/ttys before booting the new kernel. 1576 If you forget to do so, you can still manually specify the hints 1577 at the loader prompt: 1578 1579 set hint.uart.0.at="isa" 1580 set hint.uart.0.port="0x3F8" 1581 set hint.uart.0.flags="0x10" 1582 set hint.uart.0.irq="4" 1583 boot -s 1584 158520080609: 1586 The gpt(8) utility has been removed. Use gpart(8) to partition 1587 disks instead. 1588 158920080603: 1590 The version that Linuxulator emulates was changed from 2.4.2 1591 to 2.6.16. If you experience any problems with Linux binaries 1592 please try to set sysctl compat.linux.osrelease to 2.4.2 and 1593 if it fixes the problem contact emulation mailing list. 1594 159520080525: 1596 ISDN4BSD (I4B) was removed from the src tree. You may need to 1597 update a your kernel configuration and remove relevant entries. 1598 159920080509: 1600 I have checked in code to support multiple routing tables. 1601 See the man pages setfib(1) and setfib(2). 1602 This is a hopefully backwards compatible version, 1603 but to make use of it you need to compile your kernel 1604 with options ROUTETABLES=2 (or more up to 16). 1605 160620080420: 1607 The 802.11 wireless support was redone to enable multi-bss 1608 operation on devices that are capable. The underlying device 1609 is no longer used directly but instead wlanX devices are 1610 cloned with ifconfig. This requires changes to rc.conf files. 1611 For example, change: 1612 ifconfig_ath0="WPA DHCP" 1613 to 1614 wlans_ath0=wlan0 1615 ifconfig_wlan0="WPA DHCP" 1616 see rc.conf(5) for more details. In addition, mergemaster of 1617 /etc/rc.d is highly recommended. Simultaneous update of userland 1618 and kernel wouldn't hurt either. 1619 1620 As part of the multi-bss changes the wlan_scan_ap and wlan_scan_sta 1621 modules were merged into the base wlan module. All references 1622 to these modules (e.g. in kernel config files) must be removed. 1623 162420080408: 1625 psm(4) has gained write(2) support in native operation level. 1626 Arbitrary commands can be written to /dev/psm%d and status can 1627 be read back from it. Therefore, an application is responsible 1628 for status validation and error recovery. It is a no-op in 1629 other operation levels. 1630 163120080312: 1632 Support for KSE threading has been removed from the kernel. To 1633 run legacy applications linked against KSE libmap.conf may 1634 be used. The following libmap.conf may be used to ensure 1635 compatibility with any prior release: 1636 1637 libpthread.so.1 libthr.so.1 1638 libpthread.so.2 libthr.so.2 1639 libkse.so.3 libthr.so.3 1640 164120080301: 1642 The layout of struct vmspace has changed. This affects libkvm 1643 and any executables that link against libkvm and use the 1644 kvm_getprocs() function. In particular, but not exclusively, 1645 it affects ps(1), fstat(1), pkill(1), systat(1), top(1) and w(1). 1646 The effects are minimal, but it's advisable to upgrade world 1647 nonetheless. 1648 164920080229: 1650 The latest em driver no longer has support in it for the 1651 82575 adapter, this is now moved to the igb driver. The 1652 split was done to make new features that are incompatible 1653 with older hardware easier to do. 1654 165520080220: 1656 The new geom_lvm(4) geom class has been renamed to geom_linux_lvm(4), 1657 likewise the kernel option is now GEOM_LINUX_LVM. 1658 165920080211: 1660 The default NFS mount mode has changed from UDP to TCP for 1661 increased reliability. If you rely on (insecurely) NFS 1662 mounting across a firewall you may need to update your 1663 firewall rules. 1664 166520080208: 1666 Belatedly note the addition of m_collapse for compacting 1667 mbuf chains. 1668 166920080126: 1670 The fts(3) structures have been changed to use adequate 1671 integer types for their members and so to be able to cope 1672 with huge file trees. The old fts(3) ABI is preserved 1673 through symbol versioning in libc, so third-party binaries 1674 using fts(3) should still work, although they will not take 1675 advantage of the extended types. At the same time, some 1676 third-party software might fail to build after this change 1677 due to unportable assumptions made in its source code about 1678 fts(3) structure members. Such software should be fixed 1679 by its vendor or, in the worst case, in the ports tree. 1680 FreeBSD_version 800015 marks this change for the unlikely 1681 case that a portable fix is impossible. 1682 168320080123: 1684 To upgrade to -current after this date, you must be running 1685 FreeBSD not older than 6.0-RELEASE. Upgrading to -current 1686 from 5.x now requires a stop over at RELENG_6 or RELENG_7 systems. 1687 168820071128: 1689 The ADAPTIVE_GIANT kernel option has been retired because its 1690 functionality is the default now. 1691 169220071118: 1693 The AT keyboard emulation of sunkbd(4) has been turned on 1694 by default. In order to make the special symbols of the Sun 1695 keyboards driven by sunkbd(4) work under X these now have 1696 to be configured the same way as Sun USB keyboards driven 1697 by ukbd(4) (which also does AT keyboard emulation), f.e.: 1698 1699 Option "XkbLayout" "us" 1700 Option "XkbRules" "xorg" 1701 Option "XkbSymbols" "pc(pc105)+sun_vndr/usb(sun_usb)+us" 1702 170320071024: 1704 It has been decided that it is desirable to provide ABI 1705 backwards compatibility to the FreeBSD 4/5/6 versions of the 1706 PCIOCGETCONF, PCIOCREAD and PCIOCWRITE IOCTLs, which was 1707 broken with the introduction of PCI domain support (see the 1708 20070930 entry). Unfortunately, this required the ABI of 1709 PCIOCGETCONF to be broken again in order to be able to 1710 provide backwards compatibility to the old version of that 1711 IOCTL. Thus consumers of PCIOCGETCONF have to be recompiled 1712 again. As for prominent ports this affects neither pciutils 1713 nor xorg-server this time, the hal port needs to be rebuilt 1714 however. 1715 171620071020: 1717 The misnamed kthread_create() and friends have been renamed 1718 to kproc_create() etc. Many of the callers already 1719 used kproc_start().. 1720 I will return kthread_create() and friends in a while 1721 with implementations that actually create threads, not procs. 1722 Renaming corresponds with version 800002. 1723 172420071010: 1725 RELENG_7 branched. 1726 1727COMMON ITEMS: 1728 1729 General Notes 1730 ------------- 1731 Avoid using make -j when upgrading. While generally safe, there are 1732 sometimes problems using -j to upgrade. If your upgrade fails with 1733 -j, please try again without -j. From time to time in the past there 1734 have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or installworld. This 1735 is especially true when upgrading between "distant" versions (eg one 1736 that cross a major release boundary or several minor releases, or when 1737 several months have passed on the -current branch). 1738 1739 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment 1740 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its 1741 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run 1742 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make 1743 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details. 1744 1745 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best 1746 to upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, 1747 then do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade 1748 path, and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try 1749 this approach before reporting problems with a major version upgrade. 1750 1751 When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before 1752 installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell 1753 around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your 1754 starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade. 1755 1756 ZFS notes 1757 --------- 1758 When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow 1759 these two steps: 1760 1761 1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block 1762 (this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld") 1763 1764 2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive 1765 1766 The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the first 1767 partition (freebsd-boot) of a GPT partitioned drive ad0: 1768 "gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ad0" 1769 1770 Non-boot pools do not need these updates. 1771 1772 To build a kernel 1773 ----------------- 1774 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just 1775 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most 1776 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld, 1777 1778 make kernel-toolchain 1779 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1780 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1781 1782 To test a kernel once 1783 --------------------- 1784 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure 1785 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide 1786 debugging information) run 1787 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel 1788 nextboot -k testkernel 1789 1790 To just build a kernel when you know that it won't mess you up 1791 -------------------------------------------------------------- 1792 This assumes you are already running a CURRENT system. Replace 1793 ${arch} with the architecture of your machine (e.g. "i386", 1794 "arm", "amd64", "ia64", "pc98", "sparc64", "powerpc", "mips", etc). 1795 1796 cd src/sys/${arch}/conf 1797 config KERNEL_NAME_HERE 1798 cd ../compile/KERNEL_NAME_HERE 1799 make depend 1800 make 1801 make install 1802 1803 If this fails, go to the "To build a kernel" section. 1804 1805 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system. 1806 ----------------------------------------------------------- 1807 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than 1808 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current. 1809 1810 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 1811 make buildworld 1812 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1813 [1] 1814 <reboot in single user> [3] 1815 mergemaster -p [5] 1816 make installworld 1817 mergemaster -i [4] 1818 make delete-old [6] 1819 <reboot> 1820 1821 To cross-install current onto a separate partition 1822 -------------------------------------------------- 1823 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold 1824 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition 1825 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in 1826 # size. 1827 1828 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 1829 <boot into -stable> 1830 make buildworld 1831 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1832 <maybe newfs current's root partition> 1833 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}> 1834 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 1835 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd 1836 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 1837 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd 1838 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition> 1839 <reboot into current> 1840 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section> 1841 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*> 1842 <reboot> 1843 1844 1845 To upgrade in-place from stable to current 1846 ---------------------------------------------- 1847 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 1848 make buildworld [9] 1849 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8] 1850 [1] 1851 <reboot in single user> [3] 1852 mergemaster -p [5] 1853 make installworld 1854 mergemaster -i [4] 1855 make delete-old [6] 1856 <reboot> 1857 1858 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the 1859 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life 1860 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own 1861 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of 1862 the UPDATING entries. 1863 1864 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to 1865 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update 1866 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent 1867 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has 1868 much fewer pitfalls. 1869 1870 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you 1871 should disable them at this point so they don't crash your 1872 system on reboot. 1873 1874 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do 1875 fsck -p 1876 mount -u / 1877 mount -a 1878 cd src 1879 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time 1880 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that 1881 you boot into single user mode to do the installworld. 1882 1883 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step 1884 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the 1885 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those 1886 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well 1887 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists 1888 for potential gotchas. The -U option is also useful to consider. 1889 See mergemaster(8) for more information. 1890 1891 [5] Usually this step is a noop. However, from time to time 1892 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following 1893 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to 1894 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make 1895 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated 1896 from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430. 1897 1898 [6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries 1899 can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make 1900 sure that no program is using those libraries anymore. 1901 1902 [8] In order to have a kernel that can run the 4.x binaries needed to 1903 do an installworld, you must include the COMPAT_FREEBSD4 option in 1904 your kernel. Failure to do so may leave you with a system that is 1905 hard to boot to recover. A similar kernel option COMPAT_FREEBSD5 is 1906 required to run the 5.x binaries on more recent kernels. And so on 1907 for COMPAT_FREEBSD6 and COMPAT_FREEBSD7. 1908 1909 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the 1910 last time you updated your kernel config file. 1911 1912 [9] When checking out sources, you must include the -P flag to have 1913 cvs prune empty directories. 1914 1915 If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the 1916 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can 1917 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to. 1918 1919 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and 1920 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will 1921 warn if it is improperly defined. 1922FORMAT: 1923 1924This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major 1925breakages in tracking -current. It is not guaranteed to be a complete 1926list of such breakages, and only contains entries since October 10, 2007. 1927If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need 1928to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release. 1929 1930Copyright information: 1931 1932Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh. All Rights Reserved. 1933 1934Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without 1935modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this 1936document are permitted without further permission from the author. 1937 1938THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 1939IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 1940WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE 1941DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, 1942INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES 1943(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR 1944SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 1945HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, 1946STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING 1947IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 1948POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 1949 1950Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of 1951this document. 1952 1953$FreeBSD: head/UPDATING 253996 2013-08-06 15:51:56Z avg $ 1954