UPDATING revision 209962
1Updating Information for FreeBSD current users 2 3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>. 4See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the 5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you 6basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD 7handbook. 8 9Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in 10/usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before running portupgrade. 11 12NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 9.x IS SLOW: 13 FreeBSD 9.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel 14 and userland. These features attempt to detect incorrect use of 15 system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity 16 checking and fail stop semantics. They also substantially impact 17 system performance. If you want to do performance measurement, 18 benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off. This 19 includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc 20 debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the 21 kernel. Many developers choose to disable these features on build 22 machines to maximize performance. (To disable malloc debugging, run 23 ln -s aj /etc/malloc.conf.) 24 25 2620100713: 27 A new version of ZFS (version 15) has been merged to -HEAD. 28 This version uses a python library for the following subcommands: 29 zfs allow, zfs unallow, zfs groupspace, zfs userspace. 30 For full functionality of these commands the following port must 31 be installed: sysutils/py-zfs 32 3320100429: 34 'vm_page's are now hashed by physical address to an array of mutexes. 35 Currently this is only used to serialize access to hold_count. Over 36 time the page queue mutex will be peeled away. This changes the size 37 of pmap on every architecture. And requires all callers of vm_page_hold 38 and vm_page_unhold to be updated. 39 4020100402: 41 WITH_CTF can now be specified in src.conf (not recommended, there 42 are some problems with static executables), make.conf (would also 43 affect ports which do not use GNU make and do not override the 44 compile targets) or in the kernel config (via "makeoptions 45 WITH_CTF=yes"). 46 When WITH_CTF was specified there before this was silently ignored, 47 so make sure that WITH_CTF is not used in places which could lead 48 to unwanted behavior. 49 5020100311: 51 The kernel option COMPAT_IA32 has been replaced with COMPAT_FREEBSD32 52 to allow 32-bit compatibility on non-x86 platforms. All kernel 53 configurations on amd64 and ia64 platforms using these options must 54 be modified accordingly. 55 5620100113: 57 The utmp user accounting database has been replaced with utmpx, 58 the user accounting interface standardized by POSIX. 59 Unfortunately the semantics of utmp and utmpx don't match, 60 making it practically impossible to support both interfaces. 61 The user accounting database is used by tools like finger(1), 62 last(1), talk(1), w(1) and ac(8). 63 64 All applications in the base system use utmpx. This means only 65 local binaries (e.g. from the ports tree) may still use these 66 utmp database files. These applications must be rebuilt to make 67 use of utmpx. 68 69 After the system has been upgraded, it is safe to remove the old 70 log files (/var/run/utmp, /var/log/lastlog and /var/log/wtmp*), 71 assuming their contents is of no importance anymore. Old wtmp 72 databases can only be used by last(1) and ac(8) after they have 73 been converted to the new format using wtmpcvt(1). 74 7520100108: 76 Introduce the kernel thread "deadlock resolver" (which can be enabled 77 via the DEADLKRES option, see NOTES for more details) and the 78 sleepq_type() function for sleepqueues. 79 8020091202: 81 The rc.firewall and rc.firewall6 were unified, and 82 rc.firewall6 and rc.d/ip6fw were removed. 83 According to the removal of rc.d/ip6fw, ipv6_firewall_* rc 84 variables are obsoleted. Instead, the following new rc 85 variables are added to rc.d/ipfw: 86 87 firewall_client_net_ipv6, firewall_simple_iif_ipv6, 88 firewall_simple_inet_ipv6, firewall_simple_oif_ipv6, 89 firewall_simple_onet_ipv6, firewall_trusted_ipv6 90 91 The meanings correspond to the relevant IPv4 variables. 92 9320091125: 94 8.0-RELEASE. 95 9620091113: 97 The default terminal emulation for syscons(4) has been changed 98 from cons25 to xterm on all platforms except pc98. This means 99 that the /etc/ttys file needs to be updated to ensure correct 100 operation of applications on the console. 101 102 The terminal emulation style can be toggled per window by using 103 vidcontrol(1)'s -T flag. The TEKEN_CONS25 kernel configuration 104 options can be used to change the compile-time default back to 105 cons25. 106 107 To prevent graphical artifacts, make sure the TERM environment 108 variable is set to match the terminal emulation that is being 109 performed by syscons(4). 110 11120091109: 112 The layout of the structure ieee80211req_scan_result has changed. 113 Applications that require wireless scan results (e.g. ifconfig(8)) 114 from net80211 need to be recompiled. 115 116 Applications such as wpa_supplicant(8) may require a full world 117 build without using NO_CLEAN in order to get synchronized with the 118 new structure. 119 12020091025: 121 The iwn(4) driver has been updated to support the 5000 and 5150 series. 122 There's one kernel module for each firmware. Adding "device iwnfw" 123 to the kernel configuration file means including all three firmware 124 images inside the kernel. If you want to include just the one for 125 your wireless card, use the the devices iwn4965fw, iwn5000fw or 126 iwn5150fw. 127 12820090926: 129 The rc.d/network_ipv6, IPv6 configuration script has been integrated 130 into rc.d/netif. The changes are the following: 131 132 1. To use IPv6, simply define $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 like $ifconfig_IF 133 for IPv4. For aliases, $ifconfig_IF_aliasN should be used. 134 Note that both variables need the "inet6" keyword at the head. 135 136 Do not set $ipv6_network_interfaces manually if you do not 137 understand what you are doing. It is not needed in most cases. 138 139 $ipv6_ifconfig_IF and $ipv6_ifconfig_IF_aliasN still work, but 140 they are obsolete. 141 142 2. $ipv6_enable is obsolete. Use $ipv6_prefer and 143 "inet6 accept_rtadv" keyword in ifconfig(8) instead. 144 145 If you define $ipv6_enable=YES, it means $ipv6_prefer=YES and 146 all configured interfaces have "inet6 accept_rtadv" in the 147 $ifconfig_IF_ipv6. These are for backward compatibility. 148 149 3. A new variable $ipv6_prefer has been added. If NO, IPv6 150 functionality of interfaces with no corresponding 151 $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 is disabled by using "inet6 ifdisabled" flag, 152 and the default address selection policy of ip6addrctl(8) 153 is the IPv4-preferred one (see rc.d/ip6addrctl for more details). 154 Note that if you want to configure IPv6 functionality on the 155 disabled interfaces after boot, first you need to clear the flag by 156 using ifconfig(8) like: 157 158 ifconfig em0 inet6 -ifdisabled 159 160 If YES, the default address selection policy is set as 161 IPv6-preferred. 162 163 The default value of $ipv6_prefer is NO. 164 165 4. If your system need to receive Router Advertisement messages, 166 define "inet6 accept_rtadv" in $ifconfig_IF_ipv6. The rc(8) 167 scripts automatically invoke rtsol(8) when the interface becomes 168 UP. The Router Advertisement messages are used for SLAAC 169 (State-Less Address AutoConfiguration). 170 17120090922: 172 802.11s D3.03 support was committed. This is incompatible with the 173 previous code, which was based on D3.0. 174 17520090912: 176 A sysctl variable net.inet6.ip6.accept_rtadv now sets the default value 177 of a per-interface flag ND6_IFF_ACCEPT_RTADV, not a global knob to 178 control whether accepting Router Advertisement messages or not. 179 Also, a per-interface flag ND6_IFF_AUTO_LINKLOCAL has been added and 180 a sysctl variable net.inet6.ip6.auto_linklocal is its default value. 181 The ifconfig(8) utility now supports these flags. 182 18320090910: 184 ZFS snapshots are now mounted with MNT_IGNORE flag. Use -v option for 185 mount(8) and -a option for df(1) to see them. 186 18720090825: 188 The old tunable hw.bus.devctl_disable has been superseded by 189 hw.bus.devctl_queue. hw.bus.devctl_disable=1 in loader.conf should be 190 replaced by hw.bus.devctl_queue=0. The default for this new tunable 191 is 1000. 192 19320090813: 194 Remove the option STOP_NMI. The default action is now to use NMI only 195 for KDB via the newly introduced function stop_cpus_hard() and 196 maintain stop_cpus() to just use a normal IPI_STOP on ia32 and amd64. 197 19820090803: 199 The stable/8 branch created in subversion. This corresponds to the 200 RELENG_8 branch in CVS. 201 20220090719: 203 Bump the shared library version numbers for all libraries that do not 204 use symbol versioning as part of the 8.0-RELEASE cycle. Bump 205 __FreeBSD_version to 800105. 206 20720090714: 208 Due to changes in the implementation of virtual network stack support, 209 all network-related kernel modules must be recompiled. As this change 210 breaks the ABI, bump __FreeBSD_version to 800104. 211 21220090713: 213 The TOE interface to the TCP syncache has been modified to remove 214 struct tcpopt (<netinet/tcp_var.h>) from the ABI of the network stack. 215 The cxgb driver is the only TOE consumer affected by this change, and 216 needs to be recompiled along with the kernel. As this change breaks 217 the ABI, bump __FreeBSD_version to 800103. 218 21920090712: 220 Padding has been added to struct tcpcb, sackhint and tcpstat in 221 <netinet/tcp_var.h> to facilitate future MFCs and bug fixes whilst 222 maintaining the ABI. However, this change breaks the ABI, so bump 223 __FreeBSD_version to 800102. User space tools that rely on the size of 224 any of these structs (e.g. sockstat) need to be recompiled. 225 22620090630: 227 The NFS_LEGACYRPC option has been removed along with the old kernel 228 RPC implementation that this option selected. Kernel configurations 229 may need to be adjusted. 230 23120090629: 232 The network interface device nodes at /dev/net/<interface> have been 233 removed. All ioctl operations can be performed the normal way using 234 routing sockets. The kqueue functionality can generally be replaced 235 with routing sockets. 236 23720090628: 238 The documentation from the FreeBSD Documentation Project (Handbook, 239 FAQ, etc.) is now installed via packages by sysinstall(8) and under 240 the /usr/local/share/doc/freebsd directory instead of /usr/share/doc. 241 24220090624: 243 The ABI of various structures related to the SYSV IPC API have been 244 changed. As a result, the COMPAT_FREEBSD[456] and COMPAT_43 kernel 245 options now all require COMPAT_FREEBSD7. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 246 800100. 247 24820090622: 249 Layout of struct vnet has changed as routing related variables were 250 moved to their own Vimage module. Modules need to be recompiled. Bump 251 __FreeBSD_version to 800099. 252 25320090619: 254 NGROUPS_MAX and NGROUPS have been increased from 16 to 1023 and 1024 255 respectively. As long as no more than 16 groups per process are used, 256 no changes should be visible. When more than 16 groups are used, old 257 binaries may fail if they call getgroups() or getgrouplist() with 258 statically sized storage. Recompiling will work around this, but 259 applications should be modified to use dynamically allocated storage 260 for group arrays as POSIX.1-2008 does not cap an implementation's 261 number of supported groups at NGROUPS_MAX+1 as previous versions did. 262 263 NFS and portalfs mounts may also be affected as the list of groups is 264 truncated to 16. Users of NFS who use more than 16 groups, should 265 take care that negative group permissions are not used on the exported 266 file systems as they will not be reliable unless a GSSAPI based 267 authentication method is used. 268 26920090616: 270 The compiling option ADAPTIVE_LOCKMGRS has been introduced. This 271 option compiles in the support for adaptive spinning for lockmgrs 272 which want to enable it. The lockinit() function now accepts the flag 273 LK_ADAPTIVE in order to make the lock object subject to adaptive 274 spinning when both held in write and read mode. 275 27620090613: 277 The layout of the structure returned by IEEE80211_IOC_STA_INFO has 278 changed. User applications that use this ioctl need to be rebuilt. 279 28020090611: 281 The layout of struct thread has changed. Kernel and modules need to 282 be rebuilt. 283 28420090608: 285 The layout of structs ifnet, domain, protosw and vnet_net has changed. 286 Kernel modules need to be rebuilt. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800097. 287 28820090602: 289 window(1) has been removed from the base system. It can now be 290 installed from ports. The port is called misc/window. 291 29220090601: 293 The way we are storing and accessing `routing table' entries has 294 changed. Programs reading the FIB, like netstat, need to be 295 re-compiled. 296 29720090601: 298 A new netisr implementation has been added for FreeBSD 8. Network 299 file system modules, such as igmp, ipdivert, and others, should be 300 rebuilt. 301 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800096. 302 30320090530: 304 Remove the tunable/sysctl debug.mpsafevfs as its initial purpose is no 305 more valid. 306 30720090530: 308 Add VOP_ACCESSX(9). File system modules need to be rebuilt. 309 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800094. 310 31120090529: 312 Add mnt_xflag field to 'struct mount'. File system modules need to be 313 rebuilt. 314 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800093. 315 31620090528: 317 The compiling option ADAPTIVE_SX has been retired while it has been 318 introduced the option NO_ADAPTIVE_SX which handles the reversed logic. 319 The KPI for sx_init_flags() changes as accepting flags: 320 SX_ADAPTIVESPIN flag has been retired while the SX_NOADAPTIVE flag has 321 been introduced in order to handle the reversed logic. 322 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800092. 323 32420090527: 325 Add support for hierarchical jails. Remove global securelevel. 326 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800091. 327 32820090523: 329 The layout of struct vnet_net has changed, therefore modules 330 need to be rebuilt. 331 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800090. 332 33320090523: 334 The newly imported zic(8) produces a new format in the output. Please 335 run tzsetup(8) to install the newly created data to /etc/localtime. 336 33720090520: 338 The sysctl tree for the usb stack has renamed from hw.usb2.* to 339 hw.usb.* and is now consistent again with previous releases. 340 34120090520: 342 802.11 monitor mode support was revised and driver api's were changed. 343 Drivers dependent on net80211 now support DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO instead 344 of DLT_IEEE802_11. No user-visible data structures were changed but 345 applications that use DLT_IEEE802_11 may require changes. 346 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800088. 347 34820090430: 349 The layout of the following structs has changed: sysctl_oid, 350 socket, ifnet, inpcbinfo, tcpcb, syncache_head, vnet_inet, 351 vnet_inet6 and vnet_ipfw. Most modules need to be rebuild or 352 panics may be experienced. World rebuild is required for 353 correctly checking networking state from userland. 354 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800085. 355 35620090429: 357 MLDv2 and Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) have been merged 358 to the IPv6 stack. VIMAGE hooks are in but not yet used. 359 The implementation of SSM within FreeBSD's IPv6 stack closely 360 follows the IPv4 implementation. 361 362 For kernel developers: 363 364 * The most important changes are that the ip6_output() and 365 ip6_input() paths no longer take the IN6_MULTI_LOCK, 366 and this lock has been downgraded to a non-recursive mutex. 367 368 * As with the changes to the IPv4 stack to support SSM, filtering 369 of inbound multicast traffic must now be performed by transport 370 protocols within the IPv6 stack. This does not apply to TCP and 371 SCTP, however, it does apply to UDP in IPv6 and raw IPv6. 372 373 * The KPIs used by IPv6 multicast are similar to those used by 374 the IPv4 stack, with the following differences: 375 * im6o_mc_filter() is analogous to imo_multicast_filter(). 376 * The legacy KAME entry points in6_joingroup and in6_leavegroup() 377 are shimmed to in6_mc_join() and in6_mc_leave() respectively. 378 * IN6_LOOKUP_MULTI() has been deprecated and removed. 379 * IPv6 relies on MLD for the DAD mechanism. KAME's internal KPIs 380 for MLDv1 have an additional 'timer' argument which is used to 381 jitter the initial membership report for the solicited-node 382 multicast membership on-link. 383 * This is not strictly needed for MLDv2, which already jitters 384 its report transmissions. However, the 'timer' argument is 385 preserved in case MLDv1 is active on the interface. 386 387 * The KAME linked-list based IPv6 membership implementation has 388 been refactored to use a vector similar to that used by the IPv4 389 stack. 390 Code which maintains a list of its own multicast memberships 391 internally, e.g. carp, has been updated to reflect the new 392 semantics. 393 394 * There is a known Lock Order Reversal (LOR) due to in6_setscope() 395 acquiring the IF_AFDATA_LOCK and being called within ip6_output(). 396 Whilst MLDv2 tries to avoid this otherwise benign LOR, it is an 397 implementation constraint which needs to be addressed in HEAD. 398 399 For application developers: 400 401 * The changes are broadly similar to those made for the IPv4 402 stack. 403 404 * The use of IPv4 and IPv6 multicast socket options on the same 405 socket, using mapped addresses, HAS NOT been tested or supported. 406 407 * There are a number of issues with the implementation of various 408 IPv6 multicast APIs which need to be resolved in the API surface 409 before the implementation is fully compatible with KAME userland 410 use, and these are mostly to do with interface index treatment. 411 412 * The literature available discusses the use of either the delta / ASM 413 API with setsockopt(2)/getsockopt(2), or the full-state / ASM API 414 using setsourcefilter(3)/getsourcefilter(3). For more information 415 please refer to RFC 3768, 'Socket Interface Extensions for 416 Multicast Source Filters'. 417 418 * Applications which use the published RFC 3678 APIs should be fine. 419 420 For systems administrators: 421 422 * The mtest(8) utility has been refactored to support IPv6, in 423 addition to IPv4. Interface addresses are no longer accepted 424 as arguments, their names must be used instead. The utility 425 will map the interface name to its first IPv4 address as 426 returned by getifaddrs(3). 427 428 * The ifmcstat(8) utility has also been updated to print the MLDv2 429 endpoint state and source filter lists via sysctl(3). 430 431 * The net.inet6.ip6.mcast.loop sysctl may be tuned to 0 to disable 432 loopback of IPv6 multicast datagrams by default; it defaults to 1 433 to preserve the existing behaviour. Disabling multicast loopback is 434 recommended for optimal system performance. 435 436 * The IPv6 MROUTING code has been changed to examine this sysctl 437 instead of attempting to perform a group lookup before looping 438 back forwarded datagrams. 439 440 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800084. 441 44220090422: 443 Implement low-level Bluetooth HCI API. 444 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800083. 445 44620090419: 447 The layout of struct malloc_type, used by modules to register new 448 memory allocation types, has changed. Most modules will need to 449 be rebuilt or panics may be experienced. 450 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800081. 451 45220090415: 453 Anticipate overflowing inp_flags - add inp_flags2. 454 This changes most offsets in inpcb, so checking v4 connection 455 state will require a world rebuild. 456 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800080. 457 45820090415: 459 Add an llentry to struct route and struct route_in6. Modules 460 embedding a struct route will need to be recompiled. 461 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800079. 462 46320090414: 464 The size of rt_metrics_lite and by extension rtentry has changed. 465 Networking administration apps will need to be recompiled. 466 The route command now supports show as an alias for get, weighting 467 of routes, sticky and nostick flags to alter the behavior of stateful 468 load balancing. 469 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800078. 470 47120090408: 472 Do not use Giant for kbdmux(4) locking. This is wrong and 473 apparently causing more problems than it solves. This will 474 re-open the issue where interrupt handlers may race with 475 kbdmux(4) in polling mode. Typical symptoms include (but 476 not limited to) duplicated and/or missing characters when 477 low level console functions (such as gets) are used while 478 interrupts are enabled (for example geli password prompt, 479 mountroot prompt etc.). Disabling kbdmux(4) may help. 480 48120090407: 482 The size of structs vnet_net, vnet_inet and vnet_ipfw has changed; 483 kernel modules referencing any of the above need to be recompiled. 484 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800075. 485 48620090320: 487 GEOM_PART has become the default partition slicer for storage devices, 488 replacing GEOM_MBR, GEOM_BSD, GEOM_PC98 and GEOM_GPT slicers. It 489 introduces some changes: 490 491 MSDOS/EBR: the devices created from MSDOS extended partition entries 492 (EBR) can be named differently than with GEOM_MBR and are now symlinks 493 to devices with offset-based names. fstabs may need to be modified. 494 495 BSD: the "geometry does not match label" warning is harmless in most 496 cases but it points to problems in file system misalignment with 497 disk geometry. The "c" partition is now implicit, covers the whole 498 top-level drive and cannot be (mis)used by users. 499 500 General: Kernel dumps are now not allowed to be written to devices 501 whose partition types indicate they are meant to be used for file 502 systems (or, in case of MSDOS partitions, as something else than 503 the "386BSD" type). 504 505 Most of these changes date approximately from 200812. 506 50720090319: 508 The uscanner(4) driver has been removed from the kernel. This follows 509 Linux removing theirs in 2.6 and making libusb the default interface 510 (supported by sane). 511 51220090319: 513 The multicast forwarding code has been cleaned up. netstat(1) 514 only relies on KVM now for printing bandwidth upcall meters. 515 The IPv4 and IPv6 modules are split into ip_mroute_mod and 516 ip6_mroute_mod respectively. The config(5) options for statically 517 compiling this code remain the same, i.e. 'options MROUTING'. 518 51920090315: 520 Support for the IFF_NEEDSGIANT network interface flag has been 521 removed, which means that non-MPSAFE network device drivers are no 522 longer supported. In particular, if_ar, if_sr, and network device 523 drivers from the old (legacy) USB stack can no longer be built or 524 used. 525 52620090313: 527 POSIX.1 Native Language Support (NLS) has been enabled in libc and 528 a bunch of new language catalog files have also been added. 529 This means that some common libc messages are now localized and 530 they depend on the LC_MESSAGES environmental variable. 531 53220090313: 533 The k8temp(4) driver has been renamed to amdtemp(4) since 534 support for Family 10 and Family 11 CPU families was added. 535 53620090309: 537 IGMPv3 and Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) have been merged 538 to the IPv4 stack. VIMAGE hooks are in but not yet used. 539 540 For kernel developers, the most important changes are that the 541 ip_output() and ip_input() paths no longer take the IN_MULTI_LOCK(), 542 and this lock has been downgraded to a non-recursive mutex. 543 544 Transport protocols (UDP, Raw IP) are now responsible for filtering 545 inbound multicast traffic according to group membership and source 546 filters. The imo_multicast_filter() KPI exists for this purpose. 547 Transports which do not use multicast (SCTP, TCP) already reject 548 multicast by default. Forwarding and receive performance may improve 549 as a mutex acquisition is no longer needed in the ip_input() 550 low-level input path. in_addmulti() and in_delmulti() are shimmed 551 to new KPIs which exist to support SSM in-kernel. 552 553 For application developers, it is recommended that loopback of 554 multicast datagrams be disabled for best performance, as this 555 will still cause the lock to be taken for each looped-back 556 datagram transmission. The net.inet.ip.mcast.loop sysctl may 557 be tuned to 0 to disable loopback by default; it defaults to 1 558 to preserve the existing behaviour. 559 560 For systems administrators, to obtain best performance with 561 multicast reception and multiple groups, it is always recommended 562 that a card with a suitably precise hash filter is used. Hash 563 collisions will still result in the lock being taken within the 564 transport protocol input path to check group membership. 565 566 If deploying FreeBSD in an environment with IGMP snooping switches, 567 it is recommended that the net.inet.igmp.sendlocal sysctl remain 568 enabled; this forces 224.0.0.0/24 group membership to be announced 569 via IGMP. 570 571 The size of 'struct igmpstat' has changed; netstat needs to be 572 recompiled to reflect this. 573 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800070. 574 57520090309: 576 libusb20.so.1 is now installed as libusb.so.1 and the ports system 577 updated to use it. This requires a buildworld/installworld in order to 578 update the library and dependencies (usbconfig, etc). Its advisable to 579 rebuild all ports which uses libusb. More specific directions are given 580 in the ports collection UPDATING file. Any /etc/libmap.conf entries for 581 libusb are no longer required and can be removed. 582 58320090302: 584 A workaround is committed to allow the creation of System V shared 585 memory segment of size > 2 GB on the 64-bit architectures. 586 Due to a limitation of the existing ABI, the shm_segsz member 587 of the struct shmid_ds, returned by shmctl(IPC_STAT) call is 588 wrong for large segments. Note that limits must be explicitly 589 raised to allow such segments to be created. 590 59120090301: 592 The layout of struct ifnet has changed, requiring a rebuild of all 593 network device driver modules. 594 59520090227: 596 The /dev handling for the new USB stack has changed, a 597 buildworld/installworld is required for libusb20. 598 59920090223: 600 The new USB2 stack has now been permanently moved in and all kernel and 601 module names reverted to their previous values (eg, usb, ehci, ohci, 602 ums, ...). The old usb stack can be compiled in by prefixing the name 603 with the letter 'o', the old usb modules have been removed. 604 Updating entry 20090216 for xorg and 20090215 for libmap may still 605 apply. 606 60720090217: 608 The rc.conf(5) option if_up_delay has been renamed to 609 defaultroute_delay to better reflect its purpose. If you have 610 customized this setting in /etc/rc.conf you need to update it to 611 use the new name. 612 61320090216: 614 xorg 7.4 wants to configure its input devices via hald which does not 615 yet work with USB2. If the keyboard/mouse does not work in xorg then 616 add 617 Option "AllowEmptyInput" "off" 618 to your ServerLayout section. This will cause X to use the configured 619 kbd and mouse sections from your xorg.conf. 620 62120090215: 622 The GENERIC kernels for all architectures now default to the new USB2 623 stack. No kernel config options or code have been removed so if a 624 problem arises please report it and optionally revert to the old USB 625 stack. If you are loading USB kernel modules or have a custom kernel 626 that includes GENERIC then ensure that usb names are also changed over, 627 eg uftdi -> usb2_serial_ftdi. 628 629 Older programs linked against the ports libusb 0.1 need to be 630 redirected to the new stack's libusb20. /etc/libmap.conf can 631 be used for this: 632 # Map old usb library to new one for usb2 stack 633 libusb-0.1.so.8 libusb20.so.1 634 63520090209: 636 All USB ethernet devices now attach as interfaces under the name ueN 637 (eg. ue0). This is to provide a predictable name as vendors often 638 change usb chipsets in a product without notice. 639 64020090203: 641 The ichsmb(4) driver has been changed to require SMBus slave 642 addresses be left-justified (xxxxxxx0b) rather than right-justified. 643 All of the other SMBus controller drivers require left-justified 644 slave addresses, so this change makes all the drivers provide the 645 same interface. 646 64720090201: 648 INET6 statistics (struct ip6stat) was updated. 649 netstat(1) needs to be recompiled. 650 65120090119: 652 NTFS has been removed from GENERIC kernel on amd64 to match 653 GENERIC on i386. Should not cause any issues since mount_ntfs(8) 654 will load ntfs.ko module automatically when NTFS support is 655 actually needed, unless ntfs.ko is not installed or security 656 level prohibits loading kernel modules. If either is the case, 657 "options NTFS" has to be added into kernel config. 658 65920090115: 660 TCP Appropriate Byte Counting (RFC 3465) support added to kernel. 661 New field in struct tcpcb breaks ABI, so bump __FreeBSD_version to 662 800061. User space tools that rely on the size of struct tcpcb in 663 tcp_var.h (e.g. sockstat) need to be recompiled. 664 66520081225: 666 ng_tty(4) module updated to match the new TTY subsystem. 667 Due to API change, user-level applications must be updated. 668 New API support added to mpd5 CVS and expected to be present 669 in next mpd5.3 release. 670 67120081219: 672 With __FreeBSD_version 800060 the makefs tool is part of 673 the base system (it was a port). 674 67520081216: 676 The afdata and ifnet locks have been changed from mutexes to 677 rwlocks, network modules will need to be re-compiled. 678 67920081214: 680 __FreeBSD_version 800059 incorporates the new arp-v2 rewrite. 681 RTF_CLONING, RTF_LLINFO and RTF_WASCLONED flags are eliminated. 682 The new code reduced struct rtentry{} by 16 bytes on 32-bit 683 architecture and 40 bytes on 64-bit architecture. The userland 684 applications "arp" and "ndp" have been updated accordingly. 685 The output from "netstat -r" shows only routing entries and 686 none of the L2 information. 687 68820081130: 689 __FreeBSD_version 800057 marks the switchover from the 690 binary ath hal to source code. Users must add the line: 691 692 options AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 693 694 to their kernel config files when specifying: 695 696 device ath_hal 697 698 The ath_hal module no longer exists; the code is now compiled 699 together with the driver in the ath module. It is now 700 possible to tailor chip support (i.e. reduce the set of chips 701 and thereby the code size); consult ath_hal(4) for details. 702 70320081121: 704 __FreeBSD_version 800054 adds memory barriers to 705 <machine/atomic.h>, new interfaces to ifnet to facilitate 706 multiple hardware transmit queues for cards that support 707 them, and a lock-less ring-buffer implementation to 708 enable drivers to more efficiently manage queueing of 709 packets. 710 71120081117: 712 A new version of ZFS (version 13) has been merged to -HEAD. 713 This version has zpool attribute "listsnapshots" off by 714 default, which means "zfs list" does not show snapshots, 715 and is the same as Solaris behavior. 716 71720081028: 718 dummynet(4) ABI has changed. ipfw(8) needs to be recompiled. 719 72020081009: 721 The uhci, ohci, ehci and slhci USB Host controller drivers have 722 been put into separate modules. If you load the usb module 723 separately through loader.conf you will need to load the 724 appropriate *hci module as well. E.g. for a UHCI-based USB 2.0 725 controller add the following to loader.conf: 726 727 uhci_load="YES" 728 ehci_load="YES" 729 73020081009: 731 The ABI used by the PMC toolset has changed. Please keep 732 userland (libpmc(3)) and the kernel module (hwpmc(4)) in 733 sync. 734 73520081009: 736 atapci kernel module now includes only generic PCI ATA 737 driver. AHCI driver moved to ataahci kernel module. 738 All vendor-specific code moved into separate kernel modules: 739 ataacard, ataacerlabs, ataadaptec, ataamd, ataati, atacenatek, 740 atacypress, atacyrix, atahighpoint, ataintel, ataite, atajmicron, 741 atamarvell, atamicron, atanational, atanetcell, atanvidia, 742 atapromise, ataserverworks, atasiliconimage, atasis, atavia 743 74420080820: 745 The TTY subsystem of the kernel has been replaced by a new 746 implementation, which provides better scalability and an 747 improved driver model. Most common drivers have been migrated to 748 the new TTY subsystem, while others have not. The following 749 drivers have not yet been ported to the new TTY layer: 750 751 PCI/ISA: 752 cy, digi, rc, rp, sio 753 754 USB: 755 ubser, ucycom 756 757 Line disciplines: 758 ng_h4, ng_tty, ppp, sl, snp 759 760 Adding these drivers to your kernel configuration file shall 761 cause compilation to fail. 762 76320080818: 764 ntpd has been upgraded to 4.2.4p5. 765 76620080801: 767 OpenSSH has been upgraded to 5.1p1. 768 769 For many years, FreeBSD's version of OpenSSH preferred DSA 770 over RSA for host and user authentication keys. With this 771 upgrade, we've switched to the vendor's default of RSA over 772 DSA. This may cause upgraded clients to warn about unknown 773 host keys even for previously known hosts. Users should 774 follow the usual procedure for verifying host keys before 775 accepting the RSA key. 776 777 This can be circumvented by setting the "HostKeyAlgorithms" 778 option to "ssh-dss,ssh-rsa" in ~/.ssh/config or on the ssh 779 command line. 780 781 Please note that the sequence of keys offered for 782 authentication has been changed as well. You may want to 783 specify IdentityFile in a different order to revert this 784 behavior. 785 78620080713: 787 The sio(4) driver has been removed from the i386 and amd64 788 kernel configuration files. This means uart(4) is now the 789 default serial port driver on those platforms as well. 790 791 To prevent collisions with the sio(4) driver, the uart(4) driver 792 uses different names for its device nodes. This means the 793 onboard serial port will now most likely be called "ttyu0" 794 instead of "ttyd0". You may need to reconfigure applications to 795 use the new device names. 796 797 When using the serial port as a boot console, be sure to update 798 /boot/device.hints and /etc/ttys before booting the new kernel. 799 If you forget to do so, you can still manually specify the hints 800 at the loader prompt: 801 802 set hint.uart.0.at="isa" 803 set hint.uart.0.port="0x3F8" 804 set hint.uart.0.flags="0x10" 805 set hint.uart.0.irq="4" 806 boot -s 807 80820080609: 809 The gpt(8) utility has been removed. Use gpart(8) to partition 810 disks instead. 811 81220080603: 813 The version that Linuxulator emulates was changed from 2.4.2 814 to 2.6.16. If you experience any problems with Linux binaries 815 please try to set sysctl compat.linux.osrelease to 2.4.2 and 816 if it fixes the problem contact emulation mailing list. 817 81820080525: 819 ISDN4BSD (I4B) was removed from the src tree. You may need to 820 update a your kernel configuration and remove relevant entries. 821 82220080509: 823 I have checked in code to support multiple routing tables. 824 See the man pages setfib(1) and setfib(2). 825 This is a hopefully backwards compatible version, 826 but to make use of it you need to compile your kernel 827 with options ROUTETABLES=2 (or more up to 16). 828 82920080420: 830 The 802.11 wireless support was redone to enable multi-bss 831 operation on devices that are capable. The underlying device 832 is no longer used directly but instead wlanX devices are 833 cloned with ifconfig. This requires changes to rc.conf files. 834 For example, change: 835 ifconfig_ath0="WPA DHCP" 836 to 837 wlans_ath0=wlan0 838 ifconfig_wlan0="WPA DHCP" 839 see rc.conf(5) for more details. In addition, mergemaster of 840 /etc/rc.d is highly recommended. Simultaneous update of userland 841 and kernel wouldn't hurt either. 842 843 As part of the multi-bss changes the wlan_scan_ap and wlan_scan_sta 844 modules were merged into the base wlan module. All references 845 to these modules (e.g. in kernel config files) must be removed. 846 84720080408: 848 psm(4) has gained write(2) support in native operation level. 849 Arbitrary commands can be written to /dev/psm%d and status can 850 be read back from it. Therefore, an application is responsible 851 for status validation and error recovery. It is a no-op in 852 other operation levels. 853 85420080312: 855 Support for KSE threading has been removed from the kernel. To 856 run legacy applications linked against KSE libmap.conf may 857 be used. The following libmap.conf may be used to ensure 858 compatibility with any prior release: 859 860 libpthread.so.1 libthr.so.1 861 libpthread.so.2 libthr.so.2 862 libkse.so.3 libthr.so.3 863 86420080301: 865 The layout of struct vmspace has changed. This affects libkvm 866 and any executables that link against libkvm and use the 867 kvm_getprocs() function. In particular, but not exclusively, 868 it affects ps(1), fstat(1), pkill(1), systat(1), top(1) and w(1). 869 The effects are minimal, but it's advisable to upgrade world 870 nonetheless. 871 87220080229: 873 The latest em driver no longer has support in it for the 874 82575 adapter, this is now moved to the igb driver. The 875 split was done to make new features that are incompatible 876 with older hardware easier to do. 877 87820080220: 879 The new geom_lvm(4) geom class has been renamed to geom_linux_lvm(4), 880 likewise the kernel option is now GEOM_LINUX_LVM. 881 88220080211: 883 The default NFS mount mode has changed from UDP to TCP for 884 increased reliability. If you rely on (insecurely) NFS 885 mounting across a firewall you may need to update your 886 firewall rules. 887 88820080208: 889 Belatedly note the addition of m_collapse for compacting 890 mbuf chains. 891 89220080126: 893 The fts(3) structures have been changed to use adequate 894 integer types for their members and so to be able to cope 895 with huge file trees. The old fts(3) ABI is preserved 896 through symbol versioning in libc, so third-party binaries 897 using fts(3) should still work, although they will not take 898 advantage of the extended types. At the same time, some 899 third-party software might fail to build after this change 900 due to unportable assumptions made in its source code about 901 fts(3) structure members. Such software should be fixed 902 by its vendor or, in the worst case, in the ports tree. 903 FreeBSD_version 800015 marks this change for the unlikely 904 case that a portable fix is impossible. 905 90620080123: 907 To upgrade to -current after this date, you must be running 908 FreeBSD not older than 6.0-RELEASE. Upgrading to -current 909 from 5.x now requires a stop over at RELENG_6 or RELENG_7 systems. 910 91120071128: 912 The ADAPTIVE_GIANT kernel option has been retired because its 913 functionality is the default now. 914 91520071118: 916 The AT keyboard emulation of sunkbd(4) has been turned on 917 by default. In order to make the special symbols of the Sun 918 keyboards driven by sunkbd(4) work under X these now have 919 to be configured the same way as Sun USB keyboards driven 920 by ukbd(4) (which also does AT keyboard emulation), f.e.: 921 922 Option "XkbLayout" "us" 923 Option "XkbRules" "xorg" 924 Option "XkbSymbols" "pc(pc105)+sun_vndr/usb(sun_usb)+us" 925 92620071024: 927 It has been decided that it is desirable to provide ABI 928 backwards compatibility to the FreeBSD 4/5/6 versions of the 929 PCIOCGETCONF, PCIOCREAD and PCIOCWRITE IOCTLs, which was 930 broken with the introduction of PCI domain support (see the 931 20070930 entry). Unfortunately, this required the ABI of 932 PCIOCGETCONF to be broken again in order to be able to 933 provide backwards compatibility to the old version of that 934 IOCTL. Thus consumers of PCIOCGETCONF have to be recompiled 935 again. As for prominent ports this affects neither pciutils 936 nor xorg-server this time, the hal port needs to be rebuilt 937 however. 938 93920071020: 940 The misnamed kthread_create() and friends have been renamed 941 to kproc_create() etc. Many of the callers already 942 used kproc_start().. 943 I will return kthread_create() and friends in a while 944 with implementations that actually create threads, not procs. 945 Renaming corresponds with version 800002. 946 94720071010: 948 RELENG_7 branched. 949 950COMMON ITEMS: 951 952 General Notes 953 ------------- 954 Avoid using make -j when upgrading. While generally safe, there are 955 sometimes problems using -j to upgrade. If your upgrade fails with 956 -j, please try again without -j. From time to time in the past there 957 have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or installworld. This 958 is especially true when upgrading between "distant" versions (eg one 959 that cross a major release boundary or several minor releases, or when 960 several months have passed on the -current branch). 961 962 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment 963 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its 964 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run 965 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make 966 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details. 967 968 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best 969 to upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, 970 then do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade 971 path, and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try 972 this approach before reporting problems with a major version upgrade. 973 974 ZFS notes 975 --------- 976 When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow 977 these two steps: 978 979 1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block 980 (this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld") 981 982 2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive 983 984 The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the first 985 partition (freebsd-boot) of a GPT partitioned drive ad0: 986 "gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ad0" 987 988 Non-boot pools do not need these updates. 989 990 To build a kernel 991 ----------------- 992 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just 993 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most 994 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld, 995 996 make kernel-toolchain 997 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 998 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 999 1000 To test a kernel once 1001 --------------------- 1002 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure 1003 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide 1004 debugging information) run 1005 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel 1006 nextboot -k testkernel 1007 1008 To just build a kernel when you know that it won't mess you up 1009 -------------------------------------------------------------- 1010 This assumes you are already running a CURRENT system. Replace 1011 ${arch} with the architecture of your machine (e.g. "i386", 1012 "arm", "amd64", "ia64", "pc98", "sparc64", "powerpc", "mips", etc). 1013 1014 cd src/sys/${arch}/conf 1015 config KERNEL_NAME_HERE 1016 cd ../compile/KERNEL_NAME_HERE 1017 make depend 1018 make 1019 make install 1020 1021 If this fails, go to the "To build a kernel" section. 1022 1023 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system. 1024 ----------------------------------------------------------- 1025 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than 1026 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current. 1027 1028 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 1029 make buildworld 1030 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1031 [1] 1032 <reboot in single user> [3] 1033 mergemaster -p [5] 1034 make installworld 1035 make delete-old 1036 mergemaster -i [4] 1037 <reboot> 1038 1039 1040 To cross-install current onto a separate partition 1041 -------------------------------------------------- 1042 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold 1043 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition 1044 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in 1045 # size. 1046 1047 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 1048 <boot into -stable> 1049 make buildworld 1050 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1051 <maybe newfs current's root partition> 1052 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}> 1053 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 1054 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd 1055 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 1056 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd 1057 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition> 1058 <reboot into current> 1059 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section> 1060 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*> 1061 <reboot> 1062 1063 1064 To upgrade in-place from 8.x-stable to current 1065 ---------------------------------------------- 1066 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 1067 make buildworld [9] 1068 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8] 1069 [1] 1070 <reboot in single user> [3] 1071 mergemaster -p [5] 1072 make installworld 1073 make delete-old 1074 mergemaster -i [4] 1075 <reboot> 1076 1077 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the 1078 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life 1079 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own 1080 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of 1081 the UPDATING entries. 1082 1083 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to 1084 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update 1085 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent 1086 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has 1087 much fewer pitfalls. 1088 1089 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you 1090 should disable them at this point so they don't crash your 1091 system on reboot. 1092 1093 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do 1094 fsck -p 1095 mount -u / 1096 mount -a 1097 cd src 1098 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time 1099 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that 1100 you boot into single user mode to do the installworld. 1101 1102 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step 1103 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the 1104 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those 1105 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well 1106 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists 1107 for potential gotchas. The -U option is also useful to consider. 1108 See mergemaster(8) for more information. 1109 1110 [5] Usually this step is a noop. However, from time to time 1111 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following 1112 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to 1113 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make 1114 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated 1115 from current before 20020224 or from -stable before 20020408. 1116 1117 [8] In order to have a kernel that can run the 4.x binaries needed to 1118 do an installworld, you must include the COMPAT_FREEBSD4 option in 1119 your kernel. Failure to do so may leave you with a system that is 1120 hard to boot to recover. A similar kernel option COMPAT_FREEBSD5 is 1121 required to run the 5.x binaries on more recent kernels. And so on 1122 for COMPAT_FREEBSD6 and COMPAT_FREEBSD7. 1123 1124 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the 1125 last time you updated your kernel config file. 1126 1127 [9] When checking out sources, you must include the -P flag to have 1128 cvs prune empty directories. 1129 1130 If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the 1131 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can 1132 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to. 1133 1134 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and 1135 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will 1136 warn if it is improperly defined. 1137FORMAT: 1138 1139This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major 1140breakages in tracking -current. Not all things will be listed here, 1141and it only starts on October 16, 2004. Updating files can found in 1142previous releases if your system is older than this. 1143 1144Copyright information: 1145 1146Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh. All Rights Reserved. 1147 1148Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without 1149modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this 1150document are permitted without further permission from the author. 1151 1152THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 1153IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 1154WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE 1155DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, 1156INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES 1157(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR 1158SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 1159HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, 1160STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING 1161IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 1162POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 1163 1164Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of 1165this document. 1166 1167$FreeBSD: head/UPDATING 209962 2010-07-12 23:49:04Z mm $ 1168