UPDATING revision 169527
1Updating Information for FreeBSD current users 2 3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh 4<imp@village.org>. See end of file for further details. For commonly 5done items, please see the COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. 6 7Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in 8/usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before running 9portupgrade. 10 11NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 7.x IS SLOW: 12 FreeBSD 7.x has many debugging features turned on, in 13 both the kernel and userland. These features attempt to detect 14 incorrect use of system primitives, and encourage loud failure 15 through extra sanity checking and fail stop semantics. They 16 also substantially impact system performance. If you want to 17 do performance measurement, benchmarking, and optimization, 18 you'll want to turn them off. This includes various WITNESS- 19 related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc debugging flags 20 in userland, and various verbose features in the kernel. Many 21 developers choose to disable these features on build machines 22 to maximize performance. 23 2420070513: 25 Symbol versioning is enabled by default. To disable it, use 26 option WITHOUT_SYMVER. It is not advisable to attempt to 27 disable symbol versioning once it is enabled; your installworld 28 will break because a symbol version-less libc will get installed 29 before the install tools. As a result, the old install tools, 30 which previously had symbol dependencies to FBSD_1.0, will fail 31 because the freshly installed libc will not have them. 32 33 The default threading library has been changed to libthr. If 34 you wish to have libpthread as your default, use option 35 DEFAULT_THREAD_LIB=libpthread for the buildworld. 36 3720070423: 38 The ABI breakage in sendmail(8)'s libmilter has been repaired 39 so it is no longer necessary to recompile mail filters (aka, 40 milters). If you recompiled mail filters after the 20070408 41 note, it is not necessary to recompile them again. 42 4320070417: 44 The new trunk(4) driver has been renamed to lagg(4) as it better 45 reflects its purpose. ifconfig will need to be recompiled. 46 4720070408: 48 sendmail(8) has been updated to version 8.14.1. Mail filters 49 (aka, milters) compiled against the libmilter included in the 50 base operating system should be recompiled. 51 5220070302: 53 Firmwares for ipw(4) and iwi(4) are now included in the base tree. 54 In order to use them one must agree to the respective LICENSE in 55 share/doc/legal and define legal.intel_<name>.license_ack=1 via 56 loader.conf(5) or kenv(1). Make sure to deinstall the now 57 deprecated modules from the respective firmware ports. 58 5920070228: 60 The name resolution/mapping functions addr2ascii(3) and ascii2addr(3) 61 were removed from FreeBSD's libc. These originally came from INRIA 62 IPv6. Nothing in FreeBSD ever used them. They may be regarded as 63 deprecated in previous releases. 64 The AF_LINK support for getnameinfo(3) was merged from NetBSD to 65 replace it as a more portable (and re-entrant) API. 66 6720070224: 68 To support interrupt filtering a modification to the newbus API 69 has occurred, ABI was broken and __FreeBSD_version was bumped 70 to 700031. Please make sure that your kernel and modules are in 71 sync. For more info: 72 http://docs.freebsd.org/cgi/mid.cgi?20070221233124.GA13941 73 7420070224: 75 The IPv6 multicast forwarding code may now be loaded into GENERIC 76 kernels by loading the ip_mroute.ko module. This is built into the 77 module unless WITHOUT_INET6 or WITHOUT_INET6_SUPPORT options are 78 set; see src.conf(5) for more information. 79 8020070214: 81 The output of netstat -r has changed. Without -n, we now only 82 print a "network name" without the prefix length if the network 83 address and mask exactly match a Class A/B/C network, and an entry 84 exists in the nsswitch "networks" map. 85 With -n, we print the full unabbreviated CIDR network prefix in 86 the form "a.b.c.d/p". 0.0.0.0/0 is always printed as "default". 87 This change is in preparation for changes such as equal-cost 88 multipath, and to more generally assist operational deployment 89 of FreeBSD as a modern IPv4 router. 90 9120070210: 92 PIM has been turned on by default in the IPv4 multicast 93 routing code. The kernel option 'PIM' has now been removed. 94 PIM is now built by default if option 'MROUTING' is specified. 95 It may now be loaded into GENERIC kernels by loading the 96 ip_mroute.ko module. 97 9820070207: 99 Support for IPIP tunnels (VIFF_TUNNEL) in IPv4 multicast routing 100 has been removed. Its functionality may be achieved by explicitly 101 configuring gif(4) interfaces and using the 'phyint' keyword in 102 mrouted.conf. 103 XORP does not support source-routed IPv4 multicast tunnels nor the 104 integrated IPIP tunneling, therefore it is not affected by this 105 change. The __FreeBSD_version macro has been bumped to 700030. 106 10720061221: 108 Support for PCI Message Signalled Interrupts has been 109 re-enabled in the bge driver, only for those chips which are 110 believed to support it properly. If there are any problems, 111 MSI can be disabled completely by setting the 112 'hw.pci.enable_msi' and 'hw.pci.enable_msix' tunables to 0 113 in the loader. 114 11520061214: 116 Support for PCI Message Signalled Interrupts has been 117 disabled again in the bge driver. Many revisions of the 118 hardware fail to support it properly. Support can be 119 re-enabled by removing the #define of BGE_DISABLE_MSI in 120 "src/sys/dev/bge/if_bge.c". 121 12220061214: 123 Support for PCI Message Signalled Interrupts has been added 124 to the bge driver. If there are any problems, MSI can be 125 disabled completely by setting the 'hw.pci.enable_msi' and 126 'hw.pci.enable_msix' tunables to 0 in the loader. 127 12820061205: 129 The removal of several facets of the experimental Threading 130 system from the kernel means that the proc and thread structures 131 have changed quite a bit. I suggest all kernel modules that might 132 reference these structures be recompiled.. Especially the 133 linux module. 134 13520061126: 136 Sound infrastructure has been updated with various fixes and 137 improvements. Most of the changes are pretty much transparent, 138 with exceptions of followings: 139 1) All sound driver specific sysctls (hw.snd.pcm%d.*) have been 140 moved to their own dev sysctl nodes, for example: 141 hw.snd.pcm0.vchans -> dev.pcm.0.vchans 142 2) /dev/dspr%d.%d has been deprecated. Each channel now has its 143 own chardev in the form of "dsp%d.<function>%d", where <function> 144 is p = playback, r = record and v = virtual, respectively. Users 145 are encouraged to use these devs instead of (old) "/dev/dsp%d.%d". 146 This does not affect those who are using "/dev/dsp". 147 14820061122: 149 The following binaries have been disconnected from the build: 150 mount_devfs, mount_ext2fs, mount_fdescfs, mount_procfs, mount_linprocfs, 151 and mount_std. The functionality of these programs has been 152 moved into the mount program. For example, to mount a devfs 153 filesystem, instead of using mount_devfs, use: "mount -t devfs". 154 This does not affect entries in /etc/fstab, since entries in 155 /etc/fstab are always processed with "mount -t fstype". 156 15720061113: 158 Support for PCI Message Signalled Interrupts on i386 and amd64 159 has been added to the kernel and various drivers will soon be 160 updated to use MSI when it is available. If there are any problems, 161 MSI can be disabled completely by setting the 'hw.pci.enable_msi' 162 and 'hw.pci.enable_msix' tunables to 0 in the loader. 163 16420061110: 165 The MUTEX_PROFILING option has been renamed to LOCK_PROFILING. 166 The lockmgr object layout has been changed as a result of having 167 a lock_object embedded in it. As a consequence all file system 168 kernel modules must be re-compiled. The mutex profiling man page 169 has not yet been updated to reflect this change. 170 17120061026: 172 KSE in the kernel has now been made optional and turned on by 173 default. Use 'nooption KSE' in your kernel config to turn it 174 off. All kernel modules *must* be recompiled after this change. 175 There-after, modules from a KSE kernel should be compatible with 176 modules from a NOKSE kernel due to the temporary padding fields 177 added to 'struct proc'. 178 17920060929: 180 mrouted and its utilities have been removed from the base system. 181 18220060927: 183 Some ioctl(2) command codes have changed. Full backward ABI 184 compatibility is provided if the "options COMPAT_FREEBSD6" is 185 present in the kernel configuration file. Make sure to add 186 this option to your kernel config file, or recompile X.Org 187 and the rest of ports; otherwise they may refuse to work. 188 18920060924: 190 tcpslice has been removed from the base system. 191 19220060913: 193 The sizes of struct tcpcb (and struct xtcpcb) have changed due to 194 the rewrite of TCP syncookies. Tools like netstat, sockstat, and 195 systat needs to be rebuilt. 196 19720060903: 198 libpcap updated to v0.9.4 and tcpdump to v3.9.4 199 20020060816: 201 The IPFIREWALL_FORWARD_EXTENDED option is gone and the behaviour 202 for IPFIREWALL_FORWARD is now as it was before when it was first 203 committed and for years after. The behaviour is now ON. 204 20520060725: 206 enigma(1)/crypt(1) utility has been changed on 64 bit architectures. 207 Now it can decrypt files created from different architectures. 208 Unfortunately, it is no longer able to decrypt a cipher text 209 generated with an older version on 64 bit architectures. 210 If you have such a file, you need old utility to decrypt it. 211 21220060709: 213 The interface version of the i4b kernel part has changed. So 214 after updating the kernel sources and compiling a new kernel, 215 the i4b user space tools in "/usr/src/usr.sbin/i4b" must also 216 be rebuilt, and vice versa. 217 21820060627: 219 The XBOX kernel now defaults to the nfe(4) driver instead of 220 the nve(4) driver. Please update your configuration 221 accordingly. 222 22320060514: 224 The i386-only lnc(4) driver for the AMD Am7900 LANCE and Am79C9xx 225 PCnet family of NICs has been removed. The new le(4) driver serves 226 as an equivalent but cross-platform replacement with the pcn(4) 227 driver still providing performance-optimized support for the subset 228 of AMD Am79C971 PCnet-FAST and greater chips as before. 229 23020060511: 231 The machdep.* sysctls and the adjkerntz utility have been 232 modified a bit. The new adjkerntz utility uses the new 233 sysctl names and sysctlbyname() calls, so it may be impossible 234 to run an old /sbin/adjkerntz utility in single-user mode 235 with a new kernel. Replace the `adjkerntz -i' step before 236 `make installworld' with: 237 238 /usr/obj/usr/src/sbin/adjkerntz/adjkerntz -i 239 240 and proceed as usual with the rest of the installworld-stage 241 steps. Otherwise, you risk installing binaries with their 242 timestamp set several hours in the future, especially if 243 you are running with local time set to GMT+X hours. 244 24520060412: 246 The ip6fw utility has been removed. The behavior provided by 247 ip6fw has been in ipfw2 for a good while and the rc.d scripts 248 have been updated to deal with it. There are some rules that 249 might not migrate cleanly. Use rc.firewall6 as a template to 250 rewrite rules. 251 25220060428: 253 The puc(4) driver has been overhauled. The ebus(4) and sbus(4) 254 attachments have been removed. Make sure to configure scc(4) 255 on sparc64. Note also that by default puc(4) will use uart(4) 256 and not sio(4) for serial ports because interrupt handling has 257 been optimized for multi-port serial cards and only uart(4) 258 implements the interface to support it. 259 26020060330: 261 The scc(4) driver replaces puc(4) for Serial Communications 262 Controllers (SCCs) like the Siemens SAB82532 and the Zilog 263 Z8530. On sparc64, it is advised to add scc(4) to the kernel 264 configuration to make sure that the serial ports remain 265 functional. 266 26720060317: 268 Most world/kernel related NO_* build options changed names. 269 New knobs have common prefixes WITHOUT_*/WITH_* (modelled 270 after FreeBSD ports) and should be set in /etc/src.conf 271 (the src.conf(5) manpage is provided). Full backwards 272 compatibility is maintained for the time being though it's 273 highly recommended to start moving old options out of the 274 system-wide /etc/make.conf file into the new /etc/src.conf 275 while also properly renaming them. More conversions will 276 likely follow. Posting to current@: 277 278 http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-current/2006-March/061725.html 279 28020060305: 281 The NETSMBCRYPTO kernel option has been retired because its 282 functionality is always included in NETSMB and smbfs.ko now. 283 28420060303: 285 The TDFX_LINUX kernel option was retired and replaced by the 286 tdfx_linux device. The latter can be loaded as the 3dfx_linux.ko 287 kernel module. Loading it alone should suffice to get 3dfx support 288 for Linux apps because it will pull in 3dfx.ko and linux.ko through 289 its dependencies. 290 29120060204: 292 The 'audit' group was added to support the new auditing functionality 293 in the base system. Be sure to follow the directions for updating, 294 including the requirement to run mergemaster -p. 295 29620060201: 297 The kernel ABI to file system modules was changed on i386. 298 Please make sure that your kernel and modules are in sync. 299 30020060118: 301 This actually occured some time ago, but installing the kernel 302 now also installs a bunch of symbol files for the kernel modules. 303 This increases the size of /boot/kernel to about 67Mbytes. You 304 will need twice this if you will eventually back this up to kernel.old 305 on your next install. 306 If you have a shortage of room in your root partition, you should add 307 -DINSTALL_NODEBUG to your make arguments or add INSTALL_NODEBUG="yes" 308 to your /etc/make.conf. 309 31020060113: 311 libc's malloc implementation has been replaced. This change has the 312 potential to uncover application bugs that previously went unnoticed. 313 See the malloc(3) manual page for more details. 314 31520060112: 316 The generic netgraph(4) cookie has been changed. If you upgrade 317 kernel passing this point, you also need to upgrade userland 318 and netgraph(4) utilities like ports/net/mpd or ports/net/mpd4. 319 32020060106: 321 si(4)'s device files now contain the unit number. 322 Uses of {cua,tty}A[0-9a-f] should be replaced by {cua,tty}A0[0-9a-f]. 323 32420060106: 325 The kernel ABI was mostly destroyed due to a change in the size 326 of struct lock_object which is nested in other structures such 327 as mutexes which are nested in all sorts of other structures. 328 Make sure your kernel and modules are in sync. 329 33020051231: 331 The page coloring algorithm in the VM subsystem was converted 332 from tuning with kernel options to autotuning. Please remove 333 any PQ_* option except PQ_NOOPT from your kernel config. 334 33520051211: 336 The net80211-related tools in the tools/tools/ath directory 337 have been moved to tools/tools/net80211 and renamed with a 338 "wlan" prefix. Scripts that use them should be adjusted 339 accordingly. 340 34120051202: 342 Scripts in the local_startup directories (as defined in 343 /etc/defaults/rc.conf) that have the new rc.d semantics will 344 now be run as part of the base system rcorder. If there are 345 errors or problems with one of these local scripts, it could 346 cause boot problems. If you encounter such problems, boot in 347 single user mode, remove that script from the */rc.d directory. 348 Please report the problem to the port's maintainer, and the 349 freebsd-ports@freebsd.org mailing list. 350 35120051129: 352 The nodev mount option was deprecated in RELENG_6 (where it 353 was a no-op), and is now unsupported. If you have nodev or dev listed 354 in /etc/fstab, remove it, otherwise it will result in a mount error. 355 35620051129: 357 ABI between ipfw(4) and ipfw(8) has been changed. You need 358 to rebuild ipfw(8) when rebuilding kernel. 359 36020051108: 361 rp(4)'s device files now contain the unit number. 362 Uses of {cua,tty}R[0-9a-f] should be replaced by {cua,tty}R0[0-9a-f]. 363 36420051029: 365 /etc/rc.d/ppp-user has been renamed to /etc/rc.d/ppp. 366 Its /etc/rc.conf.d configuration file has been `ppp' from 367 the beginning, and hence there is no need to touch it. 368 36920051014: 370 Now most modules get their build-time options from the kernel 371 configuration file. A few modules still have fixed options 372 due to their non-conformant implementation, but they will be 373 corrected eventually. You may need to review the options of 374 the modules in use, explicitly specify the non-default options 375 in the kernel configuration file, and rebuild the kernel and 376 modules afterwards. 377 37820051001: 379 kern.polling.enable sysctl MIB is now deprecated. Use ifconfig(8) 380 to turn polling(4) on your interfaces. 381 38220050927: 383 The old bridge(4) implementation was retired. The new 384 if_bridge(4) serves as a full functional replacement. 385 38620050722: 387 The ai_addrlen of a struct addrinfo was changed to a socklen_t 388 to conform to POSIX-2001. This change broke an ABI 389 compatibility on 64 bit architecture. You have to recompile 390 userland programs that use getaddrinfo(3) on 64 bit 391 architecture. 392 39320050711: 394 RELENG_6 branched here. 395 39620050629: 397 The pccard_ifconfig rc.conf variable has been removed and a new 398 variable, ifconfig_DEFAULT has been introduced. Unlike 399 pccard_ifconfig, ifconfig_DEFAULT applies to ALL interfaces that 400 do not have ifconfig_ifn entries rather than just those in 401 removable_interfaces. 402 40320050616: 404 Some previous versions of PAM have permitted the use of 405 non-absolute paths in /etc/pam.conf or /etc/pam.d/* when referring 406 to third party PAM modules in /usr/local/lib. A change has been 407 made to require the use of absolute paths in order to avoid 408 ambiguity and dependence on library path configuration, which may 409 affect existing configurations. 410 41120050610: 412 Major changes to network interface API. All drivers must be 413 recompiled. Drivers not in the base system will need to be 414 updated to the new APIs. 415 41620050609: 417 Changes were made to kinfo_proc in sys/user.h. Please recompile 418 userland, or commands like `fstat', `pkill', `ps', `top' and `w' 419 will not behave correctly. 420 421 The API and ABI for hwpmc(4) have changed with the addition 422 of sampling support. Please recompile lib/libpmc(3) and 423 usr.sbin/{pmcstat,pmccontrol}. 424 42520050606: 426 The OpenBSD dhclient was imported in place of the ISC dhclient 427 and the network interface configuration scripts were updated 428 accordingly. If you use DHCP to configure your interfaces, you 429 must now run devd. Also, DNS updating was lost so you will need 430 to find a workaround if you use this feature. 431 432 The '_dhcp' user was added to support the OpenBSD dhclient. Be 433 sure to run mergemaster -p (like you are supposed to do every time 434 anyway). 435 43620050605: 437 if_bridge was added to the tree. This has changed struct ifnet. 438 Please recompile userland and all network related modules. 439 44020050603: 441 The n_net of a struct netent was changed to an uint32_t, and 442 1st argument of getnetbyaddr() was changed to an uint32_t, to 443 conform to POSIX-2001. These changes broke an ABI 444 compatibility on 64 bit architecture. With these changes, 445 shlib major of libpcap was bumped. You have to recompile 446 userland programs that use getnetbyaddr(3), getnetbyname(3), 447 getnetent(3) and/or libpcap on 64 bit architecture. 448 44920050528: 450 Kernel parsing of extra options on '#!' first lines of shell 451 scripts has changed. Lines with multiple options likely will 452 fail after this date. For full details, please see 453 http://people.freebsd.org/~gad/Updating-20050528.txt 454 45520050503: 456 The packet filter (pf) code has been updated to OpenBSD 3.7 457 Please note the changed anchor syntax and the fact that 458 authpf(8) now needs a mounted fdescfs(5) to function. 459 46020050415: 461 The NO_MIXED_MODE kernel option has been removed from the i386 462 amd64 platforms as its use has been superceded by the new local 463 APIC timer code. Any kernel config files containing this option 464 should be updated. 465 46620050227: 467 The on-disk format of LC_CTYPE files was changed to be machine 468 independent. Please make sure NOT to use NO_CLEAN buildworld 469 when crossing this point. Crossing this point also requires 470 recompile or reinstall of all locale depended packages. 471 47220050225: 473 The ifi_epoch member of struct if_data has been changed to 474 contain the uptime at which the interface was created or the 475 statistics zeroed rather then the wall clock time because 476 wallclock time may go backwards. This should have no impact 477 unless an snmp implementation is using this value (I know of 478 none at this point.) 479 48020050224: 481 The acpi_perf and acpi_throttle drivers are now part of the 482 acpi(4) main module. They are no longer built separately. 483 48420050223: 485 The layout of struct image_params has changed. You have to 486 recompile all compatibility modules (linux, svr4, etc) for use 487 with the new kernel. 488 48920050223: 490 The p4tcc driver has been merged into cpufreq(4). This makes 491 "options CPU_ENABLE_TCC" obsolete. Please load cpufreq.ko or 492 compile in "device cpufreq" to restore this functionality. 493 49420050220: 495 The responsibility of recomputing the file system summary of 496 a SoftUpdates-enabled dirty volume has been transferred to the 497 background fsck. A rebuild of fsck(8) utility is recommended 498 if you have updated the kernel. 499 500 To get the old behavior (recompute file system summary at mount 501 time), you can set vfs.ffs.compute_summary_at_mount=1 before 502 mounting the new volume. 503 50420050206: 505 The cpufreq import is complete. As part of this, the sysctls for 506 acpi(4) throttling have been removed. The power_profile script 507 has been updated, so you can use performance/economy_cpu_freq in 508 rc.conf(5) to set AC on/offline cpu frequencies. 509 51020050206: 511 NG_VERSION has been increased. Recompiling kernel (or ng_socket.ko) 512 requires recompiling libnetgraph and userland netgraph utilities. 513 51420050114: 515 Support for abbreviated forms of a number of ipfw options is 516 now deprecated. Warnings are printed to stderr indicating the 517 correct full form when a match occurs. Some abbreviations may 518 be supported at a later date based on user feedback. To be 519 considered for support, abbreviations must be in use prior to 520 this commit and unlikely to be confused with current key words. 521 52220041221: 523 By a popular demand, a lot of NOFOO options were renamed 524 to NO_FOO (see bsd.compat.mk for a full list). The old 525 spellings are still supported, but will cause annoying 526 warnings on stderr. Make sure you upgrade properly (see 527 the COMMON ITEMS: section later in this file). 528 52920041219: 530 Auto-loading of ancillary wlan modules such as wlan_wep has 531 been temporarily disabled; you need to statically configure 532 the modules you need into your kernel or explicitly load them 533 prior to use. Specifically, if you intend to use WEP encryption 534 with an 802.11 device load/configure wlan_wep; if you want to 535 use WPA with the ath driver load/configure wlan_tkip, wlan_ccmp, 536 and wlan_xauth as required. 537 53820041213: 539 The behaviour of ppp(8) has changed slightly. If lqr is enabled 540 (``enable lqr''), older versions would revert to LCP ECHO mode on 541 negotiation failure. Now, ``enable echo'' is required for this 542 behaviour. The ppp version number has been bumped to 3.4.2 to 543 reflect the change. 544 54520041201: 546 The wlan support has been updated to split the crypto support 547 into separate modules. For static WEP you must configure the 548 wlan_wep module in your system or build and install the module 549 in place where it can be loaded (the kernel will auto-load 550 the module when a wep key is configured). 551 55220041201: 553 The ath driver has been updated to split the tx rate control 554 algorithm into a separate module. You need to include either 555 ath_rate_onoe or ath_rate_amrr when configuring the kernel. 556 55720041116: 558 Support for systems with an 80386 CPU has been removed. Please 559 use FreeBSD 5.x or earlier on systems with an 80386. 560 56120041110: 562 We have had a hack which would mount the root filesystem 563 R/W if the device were named 'md*'. As part of the vnode 564 work I'm doing I have had to remove this hack. People 565 building systems which use preloaded MD root filesystems 566 may need to insert a "/sbin/mount -u -o rw /dev/md0 /" in 567 their /etc/rc scripts. 568 56920041104: 570 FreeBSD 5.3 shipped here. 571 57220041102: 573 The size of struct tcpcb has changed again due to the removal 574 of RFC1644 T/TCP. You have to recompile userland programs that 575 read kmem for tcp sockets directly (netstat, sockstat, etc.) 576 57720041022: 578 The size of struct tcpcb has changed. You have to recompile 579 userland programs that read kmem for tcp sockets directly 580 (netstat, sockstat, etc.) 581 58220041016: 583 RELENG_5 branched here. For older entries, please see updating 584 in the RELENG_5 branch. 585 586COMMON ITEMS: 587 588 General Notes 589 ------------- 590 Avoid using make -j when upgrading. From time to time in the 591 past there have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or 592 installworld. This is especially true when upgrading between 593 "distant" versions (eg one that cross a major release boundary 594 or several minor releases, or when several months have passed 595 on the -current branch). 596 597 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment 598 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its 599 environment when searching for values for global variables. 600 To run your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", 601 prefix all make commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual 602 page for more details. 603 604 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally 605 best to upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch 606 first, then do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested 607 upgrade path, and has the highest probability of being successful. 608 Please try this approach before reporting problems with a major 609 version upgrade. 610 611 To build a kernel 612 ----------------- 613 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just 614 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most 615 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld, 616 617 make kernel-toolchain 618 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 619 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 620 621 To test a kernel once 622 --------------------- 623 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure 624 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide 625 debugging information) run 626 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel 627 nextboot -k testkernel 628 629 To just build a kernel when you know that it won't mess you up 630 -------------------------------------------------------------- 631 This assumes you are already running a 5.X system. Replace 632 ${arch} with the architecture of your machine (e.g. "i386", 633 "alpha", "amd64", "ia64", "pc98", "sparc64", etc). 634 635 cd src/sys/${arch}/conf 636 config KERNEL_NAME_HERE 637 cd ../compile/KERNEL_NAME_HERE 638 make depend 639 make 640 make install 641 642 If this fails, go to the "To build a kernel" section. 643 644 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system. 645 ----------------------------------------------------------- 646 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than 647 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current. 648 649 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 650 make buildworld 651 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 652 [1] 653 <reboot in single user> [3] 654 mergemaster -p [5] 655 make installworld 656 make delete-old 657 mergemaster [4] 658 <reboot> 659 660 661 To cross-install current onto a separate partition 662 -------------------------------------------------- 663 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold 664 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition 665 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in 666 # size. 667 668 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 669 <boot into -stable> 670 make buildworld 671 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 672 <maybe newfs current's root partition> 673 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}> 674 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 675 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd 676 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 677 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd 678 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition> 679 <reboot into current> 680 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section> 681 <maybe install compatibility libraries from src/lib/compat> 682 <reboot> 683 684 685 To upgrade in-place from 5.x-stable to current 686 ---------------------------------------------- 687 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 688 make buildworld [9] 689 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8] 690 [1] 691 <reboot in single user> [3] 692 mergemaster -p [5] 693 make installworld 694 make delete-old 695 mergemaster -i [4] 696 <reboot> 697 698 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the 699 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life 700 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own 701 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of 702 the UPDATING entries. 703 704 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to 705 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update 706 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent 707 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has 708 much fewer pitfalls. 709 710 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you 711 should disable them at this point so they don't crash your 712 system on reboot. 713 714 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do 715 fsck -p 716 mount -u / 717 mount -a 718 cd src 719 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time 720 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that 721 you boot into single user mode to do the installworld. 722 723 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step 724 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the 725 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those 726 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well 727 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists 728 for potential gotchas. 729 730 [5] Usually this step is a noop. However, from time to time 731 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following 732 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to 733 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make 734 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated 735 from current before 20020224 or from -stable before 20020408. 736 737 [8] In order to have a kernel that can run the 4.x binaries 738 needed to do an installworld, you must include the COMPAT_FREEBSD4 739 option in your kernel. Failure to do so may leave you with a system 740 that is hard to boot to recover. A similar kernel option COMPAT_FREEBSD5 741 is required to run the 5.x binaries on more recent kernels. 742 743 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the 744 last time you updated your kernel config file. 745 746 [9] When checking out sources, you must include the -P flag to have 747 cvs prune empty directories. 748 749 If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the 750 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can 751 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to. 752 753 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and 754 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will 755 warn if it is improperly defined. 756FORMAT: 757 758This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major 759breakages in tracking -current. Not all things will be listed here, 760and it only starts on October 16, 2004. Updating files can found in 761previous releases if your system is older than this. 762 763Copyright information: 764 765Copyright 1998-2005 M. Warner Losh. All Rights Reserved. 766 767Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without 768modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this 769document are permitted without further permission from the author. 770 771THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 772IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 773WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE 774DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, 775INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES 776(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR 777SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 778HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, 779STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING 780IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 781POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 782 783If you find this document useful, and you want to, you may buy the 784author a beer. 785 786Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of 787this document. 788 789$FreeBSD: head/UPDATING 169527 2007-05-13 14:41:48Z deischen $ 790