UPDATING revision 164159
1Updating Information for FreeBSD current users 2 3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh 4<imp@village.org>. See end of file for further details. For commonly 5done items, please see the COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. 6 7Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in 8/usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before running 9portupgrade. 10 11NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 7.x IS SLOW: 12 FreeBSD 7.x has many debugging features turned on, in 13 both the kernel and userland. These features attempt to detect 14 incorrect use of system primitives, and encourage loud failure 15 through extra sanity checking and fail stop semantics. They 16 also substantially impact system performance. If you want to 17 do performance measurement, benchmarking, and optimization, 18 you'll want to turn them off. This includes various WITNESS- 19 related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc debugging flags 20 in userland, and various verbose features in the kernel. Many 21 developers choose to disable these features on build machines 22 to maximize performance. 2320061110: 24 The MUTEX_PROFILING option has been renamed to LOCK_PROFILING. 25 The lockmgr object layout has been changed as a result of having 26 a lock_object embedded in it. As a consequence all file system 27 kernel modules must be re-compiled. The mutex profiling man page 28 has not yet been updated to reflect this change. 29 3020061026: 31 KSE in the kernel has now been made optional and turned on by 32 default. Use 'nooption KSE' in your kernel config to turn it 33 off. All kernel modules *must* be recompiled after this change. 34 There-after, modules from a KSE kernel should be compatible with 35 modules from a NOKSE kernel due to the temporary padding fields 36 added to 'struct proc'. 37 3820060929: 39 mrouted and its utilities have been removed from the base system. 40 4120060927: 42 Some ioctl(2) command codes have changed. Full backward ABI 43 compatibility is provided if the "options COMPAT_FREEBSD6" is 44 present in the kernel configuration file. Make sure to add 45 this option to your kernel config file, or recompile X.Org 46 and the rest of ports; otherwise they may refuse to work. 47 4820060924: 49 tcpslice has been removed from the base system. 50 5120060913: 52 The sizes of struct tcpcb (and struct xtcpcb) have changed due to 53 the rewrite of TCP syncookies. Tools like netstat, sockstat, and 54 systat needs to be rebuilt. 55 5620060903: 57 libpcap updated to v0.9.4 and tcpdump to v3.9.4 58 5920060816: 60 The IPFIREWALL_FORWARD_EXTENDED option is gone and the behaviour 61 for IPFIREWALL_FORWARD is now as it was before when it was first 62 committed and for years after. The behaviour is now ON. 63 6420060725: 65 enigma(1)/crypt(1) utility has been changed on 64 bit architectures. 66 Now it can decrypt files created from different architectures. 67 Unfortunately, it is no longer able to decrypt a cipher text 68 generated with an older version on 64 bit architectures. 69 If you have such a file, you need old utility to decrypt it. 70 7120060709: 72 The interface version of the i4b kernel part has changed. So 73 after updating the kernel sources and compiling a new kernel, 74 the i4b user space tools in "/usr/src/usr.sbin/i4b" must also 75 be rebuilt, and vice versa. 76 7720060627: 78 The XBOX kernel now defaults to the nfe(4) driver instead of 79 the nve(4) driver. Please update your configuration 80 accordingly. 81 8220060514: 83 The i386-only lnc(4) driver for the AMD Am7900 LANCE and Am79C9xx 84 PCnet family of NICs has been removed. The new le(4) driver serves 85 as an equivalent but cross-platform replacement with the pcn(4) 86 driver still providing performance-optimized support for the subset 87 of AMD Am79C971 PCnet-FAST and greater chips as before. 88 8920060511: 90 The machdep.* sysctls and the adjkerntz utility have been 91 modified a bit. The new adjkerntz utility uses the new 92 sysctl names and sysctlbyname() calls, so it may be impossible 93 to run an old /sbin/adjkerntz utility in single-user mode 94 with a new kernel. Replace the `adjkerntz -i' step before 95 `make installworld' with: 96 97 /usr/obj/usr/src/sbin/adjkerntz/adjkerntz -i 98 99 and proceed as usual with the rest of the installworld-stage 100 steps. Otherwise, you risk installing binaries with their 101 timestamp set several hours in the future, especially if 102 you are running with local time set to GMT+X hours. 103 10420060412: 105 The ip6fw utility has been removed. The behavior provided by 106 ip6fw has been in ipfw2 for a good while and the rc.d scripts 107 have been updated to deal with it. There are some rules that 108 might not migrate cleanly. Use rc.firewall6 as a template to 109 rewrite rules. 110 11120060428: 112 The puc(4) driver has been overhauled. The ebus(4) and sbus(4) 113 attachments have been removed. Make sure to configure scc(4) 114 on sparc64. Note also that by default puc(4) will use uart(4) 115 and not sio(4) for serial ports because interrupt handling has 116 been optimized for multi-port serial cards and only uart(4) 117 implements the interface to support it. 118 11920060330: 120 The scc(4) driver replaces puc(4) for Serial Communications 121 Controllers (SCCs) like the Siemens SAB82532 and the Zilog 122 Z8530. On sparc64, it is advised to add scc(4) to the kernel 123 configuration to make sure that the serial ports remain 124 functional. 125 12620060317: 127 Most world/kernel related NO_* build options changed names. 128 New knobs have common prefixes WITHOUT_*/WITH_* (modelled 129 after FreeBSD ports) and should be set in /etc/src.conf 130 (the src.conf(5) manpage is provided). Full backwards 131 compatibility is maintained for the time being though it's 132 highly recommended to start moving old options out of the 133 system-wide /etc/make.conf file into the new /etc/src.conf 134 while also properly renaming them. More conversions will 135 likely follow. Posting to current@: 136 137 http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-current/2006-March/061725.html 138 13920060305: 140 The NETSMBCRYPTO kernel option has been retired because its 141 functionality is always included in NETSMB and smbfs.ko now. 142 14320060303: 144 The TDFX_LINUX kernel option was retired and replaced by the 145 tdfx_linux device. The latter can be loaded as the 3dfx_linux.ko 146 kernel module. Loading it alone should suffice to get 3dfx support 147 for Linux apps because it will pull in 3dfx.ko and linux.ko through 148 its dependencies. 149 15020060204: 151 The 'audit' group was added to support the new auditing functionality 152 in the base system. Be sure to follow the directions for updating, 153 including the requirement to run mergemaster -p. 154 15520060201: 156 The kernel ABI to file system modules was changed on i386. 157 Please make sure that your kernel and modules are in sync. 158 15920060118: 160 This actually occured some time ago, but installing the kernel 161 now also installs a bunch of symbol files for the kernel modules. 162 This increases the size of /boot/kernel to about 67Mbytes. You 163 will need twice this if you will eventually back this up to kernel.old 164 on your next install. 165 If you have a shortage of room in your root partition, you should add 166 -DINSTALL_NODEBUG to your make arguments or add INSTALL_NODEBUG="yes" 167 to your /etc/make.conf. 168 16920060113: 170 libc's malloc implementation has been replaced. This change has the 171 potential to uncover application bugs that previously went unnoticed. 172 See the malloc(3) manual page for more details. 173 17420060112: 175 The generic netgraph(4) cookie has been changed. If you upgrade 176 kernel passing this point, you also need to upgrade userland 177 and netgraph(4) utilities like ports/net/mpd or ports/net/mpd4. 178 17920060106: 180 si(4)'s device files now contain the unit number. 181 Uses of {cua,tty}A[0-9a-f] should be replaced by {cua,tty}A0[0-9a-f]. 182 18320060106: 184 The kernel ABI was mostly destroyed due to a change in the size 185 of struct lock_object which is nested in other structures such 186 as mutexes which are nested in all sorts of other structures. 187 Make sure your kernel and modules are in sync. 188 18920051231: 190 The page coloring algorithm in the VM subsystem was converted 191 from tuning with kernel options to autotuning. Please remove 192 any PQ_* option except PQ_NOOPT from your kernel config. 193 19420051211: 195 The net80211-related tools in the tools/tools/ath directory 196 have been moved to tools/tools/net80211 and renamed with a 197 "wlan" prefix. Scripts that use them should be adjusted 198 accordingly. 199 20020051202: 201 Scripts in the local_startup directories (as defined in 202 /etc/defaults/rc.conf) that have the new rc.d semantics will 203 now be run as part of the base system rcorder. If there are 204 errors or problems with one of these local scripts, it could 205 cause boot problems. If you encounter such problems, boot in 206 single user mode, remove that script from the */rc.d directory. 207 Please report the problem to the port's maintainer, and the 208 freebsd-ports@freebsd.org mailing list. 209 21020051129: 211 The nodev mount option was deprecated in RELENG_6 (where it 212 was a no-op), and is now unsupported. If you have nodev or dev listed 213 in /etc/fstab, remove it, otherwise it will result in a mount error. 214 21520051129: 216 ABI between ipfw(4) and ipfw(8) has been changed. You need 217 to rebuild ipfw(8) when rebuilding kernel. 218 21920051108: 220 rp(4)'s device files now contain the unit number. 221 Uses of {cua,tty}R[0-9a-f] should be replaced by {cua,tty}R0[0-9a-f]. 222 22320051029: 224 /etc/rc.d/ppp-user has been renamed to /etc/rc.d/ppp. 225 Its /etc/rc.conf.d configuration file has been `ppp' from 226 the beginning, and hence there is no need to touch it. 227 22820051014: 229 Now most modules get their build-time options from the kernel 230 configuration file. A few modules still have fixed options 231 due to their non-conformant implementation, but they will be 232 corrected eventually. You may need to review the options of 233 the modules in use, explicitly specify the non-default options 234 in the kernel configuration file, and rebuild the kernel and 235 modules afterwards. 236 23720051001: 238 kern.polling.enable sysctl MIB is now deprecated. Use ifconfig(8) 239 to turn polling(4) on your interfaces. 240 24120050927: 242 The old bridge(4) implementation was retired. The new 243 if_bridge(4) serves as a full functional replacement. 244 24520050722: 246 The ai_addrlen of a struct addrinfo was changed to a socklen_t 247 to conform to POSIX-2001. This change broke an ABI 248 compatibility on 64 bit architecture. You have to recompile 249 userland programs that use getaddrinfo(3) on 64 bit 250 architecture. 251 25220050711: 253 RELENG_6 branched here. 254 25520050629: 256 The pccard_ifconfig rc.conf variable has been removed and a new 257 variable, ifconfig_DEFAULT has been introduced. Unlike 258 pccard_ifconfig, ifconfig_DEFAULT applies to ALL interfaces that 259 do not have ifconfig_ifn entries rather than just those in 260 removable_interfaces. 261 26220050616: 263 Some previous versions of PAM have permitted the use of 264 non-absolute paths in /etc/pam.conf or /etc/pam.d/* when referring 265 to third party PAM modules in /usr/local/lib. A change has been 266 made to require the use of absolute paths in order to avoid 267 ambiguity and dependence on library path configuration, which may 268 affect existing configurations. 269 27020050610: 271 Major changes to network interface API. All drivers must be 272 recompiled. Drivers not in the base system will need to be 273 updated to the new APIs. 274 27520050609: 276 Changes were made to kinfo_proc in sys/user.h. Please recompile 277 userland, or commands like `fstat', `pkill', `ps', `top' and `w' 278 will not behave correctly. 279 280 The API and ABI for hwpmc(4) have changed with the addition 281 of sampling support. Please recompile lib/libpmc(3) and 282 usr.sbin/{pmcstat,pmccontrol}. 283 28420050606: 285 The OpenBSD dhclient was imported in place of the ISC dhclient 286 and the network interface configuration scripts were updated 287 accordingly. If you use DHCP to configure your interfaces, you 288 must now run devd. Also, DNS updating was lost so you will need 289 to find a workaround if you use this feature. 290 291 The '_dhcp' user was added to support the OpenBSD dhclient. Be 292 sure to run mergemaster -p (like you are supposed to do every time 293 anyway). 294 29520050605: 296 if_bridge was added to the tree. This has changed struct ifnet. 297 Please recompile userland and all network related modules. 298 29920050603: 300 The n_net of a struct netent was changed to an uint32_t, and 301 1st argument of getnetbyaddr() was changed to an uint32_t, to 302 conform to POSIX-2001. These changes broke an ABI 303 compatibility on 64 bit architecture. With these changes, 304 shlib major of libpcap was bumped. You have to recompile 305 userland programs that use getnetbyaddr(3), getnetbyname(3), 306 getnetent(3) and/or libpcap on 64 bit architecture. 307 30820050528: 309 Kernel parsing of extra options on '#!' first lines of shell 310 scripts has changed. Lines with multiple options likely will 311 fail after this date. For full details, please see 312 http://people.freebsd.org/~gad/Updating-20050528.txt 313 31420050503: 315 The packet filter (pf) code has been updated to OpenBSD 3.7 316 Please note the changed anchor syntax and the fact that 317 authpf(8) now needs a mounted fdescfs(5) to function. 318 31920050415: 320 The NO_MIXED_MODE kernel option has been removed from the i386 321 amd64 platforms as its use has been superceded by the new local 322 APIC timer code. Any kernel config files containing this option 323 should be updated. 324 32520050227: 326 The on-disk format of LC_CTYPE files was changed to be machine 327 independent. Please make sure NOT to use NO_CLEAN buildworld 328 when crossing this point. Crossing this point also requires 329 recompile or reinstall of all locale depended packages. 330 33120050225: 332 The ifi_epoch member of struct if_data has been changed to 333 contain the uptime at which the interface was created or the 334 statistics zeroed rather then the wall clock time because 335 wallclock time may go backwards. This should have no impact 336 unless an snmp implementation is using this value (I know of 337 none at this point.) 338 33920050224: 340 The acpi_perf and acpi_throttle drivers are now part of the 341 acpi(4) main module. They are no longer built separately. 342 34320050223: 344 The layout of struct image_params has changed. You have to 345 recompile all compatibility modules (linux, svr4, etc) for use 346 with the new kernel. 347 34820050223: 349 The p4tcc driver has been merged into cpufreq(4). This makes 350 "options CPU_ENABLE_TCC" obsolete. Please load cpufreq.ko or 351 compile in "device cpufreq" to restore this functionality. 352 35320050220: 354 The responsibility of recomputing the file system summary of 355 a SoftUpdates-enabled dirty volume has been transferred to the 356 background fsck. A rebuild of fsck(8) utility is recommended 357 if you have updated the kernel. 358 359 To get the old behavior (recompute file system summary at mount 360 time), you can set vfs.ffs.compute_summary_at_mount=1 before 361 mounting the new volume. 362 36320050206: 364 The cpufreq import is complete. As part of this, the sysctls for 365 acpi(4) throttling have been removed. The power_profile script 366 has been updated, so you can use performance/economy_cpu_freq in 367 rc.conf(5) to set AC on/offline cpu frequencies. 368 36920050206: 370 NG_VERSION has been increased. Recompiling kernel (or ng_socket.ko) 371 requires recompiling libnetgraph and userland netgraph utilities. 372 37320050114: 374 Support for abbreviated forms of a number of ipfw options is 375 now deprecated. Warnings are printed to stderr indicating the 376 correct full form when a match occurs. Some abbreviations may 377 be supported at a later date based on user feedback. To be 378 considered for support, abbreviations must be in use prior to 379 this commit and unlikely to be confused with current key words. 380 38120041221: 382 By a popular demand, a lot of NOFOO options were renamed 383 to NO_FOO (see bsd.compat.mk for a full list). The old 384 spellings are still supported, but will cause annoying 385 warnings on stderr. Make sure you upgrade properly (see 386 the COMMON ITEMS: section later in this file). 387 38820041219: 389 Auto-loading of ancillary wlan modules such as wlan_wep has 390 been temporarily disabled; you need to statically configure 391 the modules you need into your kernel or explicitly load them 392 prior to use. Specifically, if you intend to use WEP encryption 393 with an 802.11 device load/configure wlan_wep; if you want to 394 use WPA with the ath driver load/configure wlan_tkip, wlan_ccmp, 395 and wlan_xauth as required. 396 39720041213: 398 The behaviour of ppp(8) has changed slightly. If lqr is enabled 399 (``enable lqr''), older versions would revert to LCP ECHO mode on 400 negotiation failure. Now, ``enable echo'' is required for this 401 behaviour. The ppp version number has been bumped to 3.4.2 to 402 reflect the change. 403 40420041201: 405 The wlan support has been updated to split the crypto support 406 into separate modules. For static WEP you must configure the 407 wlan_wep module in your system or build and install the module 408 in place where it can be loaded (the kernel will auto-load 409 the module when a wep key is configured). 410 41120041201: 412 The ath driver has been updated to split the tx rate control 413 algorithm into a separate module. You need to include either 414 ath_rate_onoe or ath_rate_amrr when configuring the kernel. 415 41620041116: 417 Support for systems with an 80386 CPU has been removed. Please 418 use FreeBSD 5.x or earlier on systems with an 80386. 419 42020041110: 421 We have had a hack which would mount the root filesystem 422 R/W if the device were named 'md*'. As part of the vnode 423 work I'm doing I have had to remove this hack. People 424 building systems which use preloaded MD root filesystems 425 may need to insert a "/sbin/mount -u -o rw /dev/md0 /" in 426 their /etc/rc scripts. 427 42820041104: 429 FreeBSD 5.3 shipped here. 430 43120041102: 432 The size of struct tcpcb has changed again due to the removal 433 of RFC1644 T/TCP. You have to recompile userland programs that 434 read kmem for tcp sockets directly (netstat, sockstat, etc.) 435 43620041022: 437 The size of struct tcpcb has changed. You have to recompile 438 userland programs that read kmem for tcp sockets directly 439 (netstat, sockstat, etc.) 440 44120041016: 442 RELENG_5 branched here. For older entries, please see updating 443 in the RELENG_5 branch. 444 445COMMON ITEMS: 446 447 General Notes 448 ------------- 449 Avoid using make -j when upgrading. From time to time in the 450 past there have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or 451 installworld. This is especially true when upgrading between 452 "distant" versions (eg one that cross a major release boundary 453 or several minor releases, or when several months have passed 454 on the -current branch). 455 456 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment 457 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its 458 environment when searching for values for global variables. 459 To run your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", 460 prefix all make commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual 461 page for more details. 462 463 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally 464 best to upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch 465 first, then do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested 466 upgrade path, and has the highest probability of being successful. 467 Please try this approach before reporting problems with a major 468 version upgrade. 469 470 To build a kernel 471 ----------------- 472 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just 473 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most 474 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld, 475 476 make kernel-toolchain 477 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 478 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 479 480 To test a kernel once 481 --------------------- 482 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure 483 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide 484 debugging information) run 485 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel 486 nextboot -k testkernel 487 488 To just build a kernel when you know that it won't mess you up 489 -------------------------------------------------------------- 490 This assumes you are already running a 5.X system. Replace 491 ${arch} with the architecture of your machine (e.g. "i386", 492 "alpha", "amd64", "ia64", "pc98", "sparc64", etc). 493 494 cd src/sys/${arch}/conf 495 config KERNEL_NAME_HERE 496 cd ../compile/KERNEL_NAME_HERE 497 make depend 498 make 499 make install 500 501 If this fails, go to the "To build a kernel" section. 502 503 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system. 504 ----------------------------------------------------------- 505 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than 506 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current. 507 508 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 509 make buildworld 510 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 511 [1] 512 <reboot in single user> [3] 513 mergemaster -p [5] 514 make installworld 515 make delete-old 516 mergemaster [4] 517 <reboot> 518 519 520 To cross-install current onto a separate partition 521 -------------------------------------------------- 522 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold 523 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition 524 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in 525 # size. 526 527 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 528 <boot into -stable> 529 make buildworld 530 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 531 <maybe newfs current's root partition> 532 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}> 533 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 534 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd 535 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 536 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd 537 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition> 538 <reboot into current> 539 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section> 540 <maybe install compatibility libraries from src/lib/compat> 541 <reboot> 542 543 544 To upgrade in-place from 5.x-stable to current 545 ---------------------------------------------- 546 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 547 make buildworld [9] 548 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8] 549 [1] 550 <reboot in single user> [3] 551 mergemaster -p [5] 552 make installworld 553 make delete-old 554 mergemaster -i [4] 555 <reboot> 556 557 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the 558 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life 559 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own 560 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of 561 the UPDATING entries. 562 563 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to 564 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update 565 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent 566 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has 567 much fewer pitfalls. 568 569 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you 570 should disable them at this point so they don't crash your 571 system on reboot. 572 573 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do 574 fsck -p 575 mount -u / 576 mount -a 577 cd src 578 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time 579 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that 580 you boot into single user mode to do the installworld. 581 582 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step 583 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the 584 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those 585 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well 586 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists 587 for potential gotchas. 588 589 [5] Usually this step is a noop. However, from time to time 590 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following 591 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to 592 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make 593 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated 594 from current before 20020224 or from -stable before 20020408. 595 596 [8] In order to have a kernel that can run the 4.x binaries 597 needed to do an installworld, you must include the COMPAT_FREEBSD4 598 option in your kernel. Failure to do so may leave you with a system 599 that is hard to boot to recover. A similar kernel option COMPAT_FREEBSD5 600 is required to run the 5.x binaries on more recent kernels. 601 602 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the 603 last time you updated your kernel config file. 604 605 [9] When checking out sources, you must include the -P flag to have 606 cvs prune empty directories. 607 608 If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the 609 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can 610 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to. 611 612 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and 613 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will 614 warn if it is improperly defined. 615FORMAT: 616 617This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major 618breakages in tracking -current. Not all things will be listed here, 619and it only starts on October 16, 2004. Updating files can found in 620previous releases if your system is older than this. 621 622Copyright information: 623 624Copyright 1998-2005 M. Warner Losh. All Rights Reserved. 625 626Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without 627modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this 628document are permitted without further permission from the author. 629 630THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 631IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 632WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE 633DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, 634INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES 635(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR 636SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 637HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, 638STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING 639IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 640POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 641 642If you find this document useful, and you want to, you may buy the 643author a beer. 644 645Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of 646this document. 647 648$FreeBSD: head/UPDATING 164159 2006-11-11 03:18:07Z kmacy $ 649