bsd-family-tree revision 78867
1The UNIX system family tree: Research and BSD 2--------------------------------------------- 3 4First Edition (V1) 5 | 6Second Edition (V2) 7 | 8Third Edition (V3) 9 | 10Fourth Edition (V4) 11 | 12Fifth Edition (V5) 13 | 14Sixth Edition (V6) -----* 15 \ | 16 \ | 17 \ | 18Seventh Edition (V7) | 19 \ | 20 \ 1BSD 21 32V | 22 \ 2BSD---------------* 23 \ / | 24 \ / | 25 \/ | 26 3BSD | 27 | | 28 4.0BSD 2.7.9BSD 29 | | 30 4.1BSD --------------> 2.8BSD 31 | | 32 4.1aBSD -----------\ | 33 | \ | 34 4.1bBSD \ | 35 | \ | 36 *------ 4.1cBSD --------------> 2.9BSD 37 / | | 38Eighth Edition | 2.9BSD-Seismo 39 | | | 40 +----<--- 4.2BSD 2.9.1BSD 41 | | | 42 +----<--- 4.3BSD -------------> 2.10BSD 43 | | / | 44Ninth Edition | / 2.10.1BSD 45 | 4.3BSD Tahoe-----+ | 46 | | \ | 47 | | \ | 48 v | 2.11BSD 49Tenth Edition | | 50 | 2.11BSD rev #430 51 4.3BSD NET/1 | 52 | v 53 4.3BSD Reno 54 | 55 *---------- 4.3BSD NET/2 -------------------+-------------* 56 | | | | 57386BSD 0.0 | | BSD/386 ALPHA 58 | | | | 59386BSD 0.1 ------------>+ | BSD/386 0.3.[13] 60 | \ | 4.4BSD Alpha | 61 | 386BSD 1.0 | | BSD/386 0.9.[34] 62 | | 4.4BSD | 63 | | / | | 64 | | 4.4BSD-Encumbered | | 65 | NetBSD 0.8 | BSD/386 1.0 66 | | | | 67FreeBSD 1.0 NetBSD 0.9 | BSD/386 1.1 68 | | .----- 4.4BSD Lite | 69FreeBSD 1.1 | / / | \ | 70 | | / / | \ | 71FreeBSD 1.1.5 .---|--------' / | \ | 72 | / | / | \ | 73FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 / | / | \ | 74 | / NetBSD 1.0 <-' | \ | 75 | / | | \ | 76FreeBSD 2.0 <--' | | BSD/OS 2.0 77 | \ | | 78FreeBSD 2.0.5 \ | BSD/OS 2.0.1 79 | \ .--- 4.4BSD Lite2 | 80 | \ | | | | | 81 | | FreeBSD 3.0 | | | | 82 | | NetBSD 1.3 | | | 83 | | OpenBSD 2.3 | | 84 | | BSD/OS 3.0 | 85FreeBSD 2.1 | | 86 | | NetBSD 1.1 ------. BSD/OS 2.1 87 | FreeBSD 2.1.5 | \ | 88 | | NetBSD 1.2 \ BSD/OS 3.0 89 | FreeBSD 2.1.6 | \ OpenBSD 2.0 | 90 | | | \ | | 91 | FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 | \ | | 92 | | | \ | | 93 | FreeBSD 2.1.7 | | | | 94 | | | NetBSD 1.2.1 | | 95 | FreeBSD 2.1.7.1 | | | 96 | | | | 97 | | | | 98 *-FreeBSD 2.2 | | | 99 | \ | | | 100 | FreeBSD 2.2.1 | | | 101 | | | | | 102 | FreeBSD 2.2.2 | OpenBSD 2.1 | 103 | | | | | 104 | FreeBSD 2.2.5 | | | 105 | | | OpenBSD 2.2 | 106 | | NetBSD 1.3 | | 107 | FreeBSD 2.2.6 | | | | 108 | | | NetBSD 1.3.1 | BSD/OS 3.1 109 | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | 110 | | | NetBSD 1.3.2 | | 111 | FreeBSD 2.2.7 | | | | 112 | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0 113 | v | | | | 114 | FreeBSD 2.2.8 | | | | 115 | | | | | 116 | | | OpenBSD 2.4 | 117FreeBSD 3.0 | v | | 118 | | NetBSD 1.3.3 | | 119 *---FreeBSD 3.1 | | | 120 | | | | BSD/OS 4.0.1 121 | FreeBSD 3.2 NetBSD 1.4 OpenBSD 2.5 | 122 | | | | | | 123 | FreeBSD 3.3 | NetBSD 1.4.1 | | 124 | | | | OpenBSD 2.6 | 125 | FreeBSD 3.4 | | | | 126 | | | | | BSD/OS 4.1 127FreeBSD 4.0 | | NetBSD 1.4.2 | | 128 | | | | | | 129 | | | | | | 130 | FreeBSD 3.5 | | OpenBSD 2.7 | 131 | | | | | | 132 | FreeBSD 3.5.1 | | | | 133 | | | | | 134 *---FreeBSD 4.1 | | | | 135 | | | | | | 136 | FreeBSD 4.1.1 | | | | 137 | | | v | | 138 | FreeBSD 4.2 | NetBSD 1.4.3 | | 139 | | | OpenBSD 2.8 BSD/OS 4.2 140 | | NetBSD 1.5 | | 141 | FreeBSD 4.3 | | | v 142 | | | v OpenBSD 2.9 143 | | | NetBSD 1.5.1 | 144 | v | | 145 | | | 146FreeBSD 5.0-current NetBSD -current OpenBSD -current 147 | | | 148 v v v 149 150 151Time 152---------------- 153 154Time tolerance +/- 6 months, depending on which book/article you read; if it 155was the announcement in Usenet or if it was available as tape. 156 157[44B] McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, 158 and John Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of 159 the 4.4BSD Operating System. 160[DOC] README, COPYRIGHT on tape. 161[QCU] Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. 162[U25] Peter H. Salus. Unix at 25. 163[USE] Usenet announcement. 164[KSJ] Michael J. Karels, Carl F. Smith, and William F. Jolitz. 165 Changes in the Kernel in 2.9BSD. Second Berkeley Software 166 Distribution UNIX Version 2.9, July, 1983. 167[KB] Keith Bostic. BSD2.10 available from Usenix. comp.unix.sources, 168 Volume 11, Info 4, April, 1987. 169[KKK] Mike Karels, Kirk McKusick, and Keith Bostic. tahoe announcement. 170 comp.bugs.4bsd.ucb-fixes, June 15, 1988. 171[SMS] Steven M. Schultz. 2.11BSD, UNIX for the PDP-11. 172[FBD] FreeBSD Project, The. 173[NBD] NetBSD Project, The. 174[OBD] OpenBSD Project, The. 175[dmr] Dennis Ritchie, via E-Mail 176[BSDI] Berkeley Software Design, Inc. 177 178Multics 1965 179UNIX Summer 1969 180 DEC PDP-7 181First Edition 1971-11-03 [QCU] 182 DEC PDP-11/20, Assembler 183Second Edition 1972-06-12 [QCU] 184 10 UNIX installations 185Third Edition 1973-02-xx [QCU] 186 Pipes, 16 installations 187Fourth Edition 1973-11-xx [QCU] 188 rewriting in C effected, 189 above 30 installations 190Fifth Edition 1974-06-xx [QCU] 191 above 50 installations 192Sixth Edition 1975-05-xx [QCU] 193 port to DEC Vax 194Seventh Edition 1979-01-xx [QCU] 195 first portable UNIX 196Eighth Edition 1985-02-xx [QCU] 197 VAX 11/750, VAX 11/780 [dmr] 198 descended from 4.1c BSD [dmr] 199 descended from 4.1 BSD [44B] 200 scooping-out and replacement of the character-device 201 and networking part by the streams mechanism 202 203Ninth Edition 1986-09-xx [QCU] 204Tenth Edition 1989-10-xx [QCU] 205 2061BSD late 1977 207 1978-03-09 [QCU] 208 PDP-11, Pascal, ex(1) 209 30 free copies of 1BSD sent out 210 35 tapes sold for 50 USD [QCU] 2112BSD mid 1978 [QCU] 212 75 2BSD tapes shipped 2132.7.9BSD ?? [SMS] 2142.8BSD 1981-07-xx [KSJ] 215 2162.8.1BSD 1982-01-xx [QCU] 217 set of performance improvements 2182.9BSD 1983-07-xx [KSJ] 2192.9.1BSD 1983-11-xx 2202.9BSD-Seismo 1985-08-xx [SMS] 2212.10BSD 1987-04-xx [KKK] 2222.10.1BSD 1989-01-xx [SMS] 2232.11BSD 1992-02-xx [SMS] 2242.11BSD rev #430 1999-12-13 [SMS] 225 22632V 1978-1[01]-xx [QCU] 2273BSD late 1979 [QCU] 228 virtual memory, page replacement, 229 demand paging 2304.0BSD 1980-10-xx 2314.1BSD 1981-06-xx 2324.1aBSD 1982-04-xx 233 alpha release, 100 sites, networking [44B] 2344.1bBSD internal release, fast filesystem [44B] 2354.1cBSD late 1982 236 beta release, IPC [44B] 2374.2BSD 1983-09-xx [QCU] 2384.3BSD 1986-06-xx [QCU] 239 1986-04-xx [KB] 2404.3BSD Tahoe 1988-06-xx [QCU] 2414.3BSD NET/1 1988-11-xx [QCU] 2424.3BSD Reno 1990-06-xx [QCU], [DOC] 2434.3BSD NET/2 1991-06-xx [QCU] 244 245BSD/386 ALPHA 1991-12-xx [BSDI] 246 first code released to people outside BSDI 247386BSD 0.0 1992-02-xx [DOC] 248BSD/386 0.3.1 1992-04-xx [BSDI] first ext. beta; B customers 249BSD/386 0.3.3 1992-06-xx [BSDI] first CDROM version 250386BSD 0.1 1992-07-28 [DOC] 2514.4BSD Alpha 1992-07-07 252BSD/386 0.9.3 1992-10-xx [BSDI] 253 first external gamma; G customers 254BSD/386 0.9.4 1992-12-xx [BSDI] 255 would have been 1.0 except for request 256 for preliminary injunction 257BSD/386 1.0 1993-03-xx [BSDI] 258 injunction denied; first official release 259NetBSD 0.8 1993-04-20 [NBD] 2604.4BSD 1993-06-01 [USE] 261NetBSD 0.9 1993-08-23 [NBD] 262FreeBSD 1.0 1993-11-01 [FBD] 263BSD/386 1.1 1994-02-xx [BSDI] 2644.4BSD Lite 1994-03-01 [USE] 265FreeBSD 1.1 1994-04-xx [FBD] 266FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 1994-07-xx [FBD] 267 supersedes 1.1.5 3 days after release. 268NetBSD 1.0 1994-10-26 [NBD] 269386BSD 1.0 1994-11-12 [USE] 270FreeBSD 2.0 1995-01-xx [FBD] 271BSD/OS 2.0 1995-01-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite based 272FreeBSD 2.0.5 1995-06-10 [FBD] 273BSD/OS 2.0.1 1995-06-xx [BSDI] 2744.4BSD Lite Release 2 1995-06-xx [44B] 275 the true final distribution from the CSRG 276FreeBSD 2.1.0 1995-11-19 [FBD] 277NetBSD 1.1 1995-11-26 [NBD] 278BSD/OS 2.1 1996-01-xx [BSDI] 279FreeBSD 2.1.5 1996-07-14 [FBD] 280NetBSD 1.2 1996-10-04 [NBD] 281OpenBSD 2.0 1996-10-18 [OBD] 282FreeBSD 2.1.6 1996-11-16 [FBD] 283FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 1996-11-25 [FBD] (sendmail security release) 284FreeBSD 2.1.7 1997-02-20 [FBD] 285BSD/OS 3.0 1997-02-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite2 based 286FreeBSD 2.2.0 1997-03-16 [FBD] 287FreeBSD 2.2.1 1997-03-25 [FBD] 288FreeBSD 2.2.2 1997-05-16 [FBD] 289NetBSD 1.2.1 1997-05-20 [NBD] (patch release) 290OpenBSD 2.1 1997-06-01 [OBD] 291FreeBSD 2.2.5 1997-10-22 [FBD] 292OpenBSD 2.2 1997-12-01 [OBD] 293NetBSD 1.3 1998-01-04 [NBD] 294FreeBSD 2.2.6 1998-03-25 [FBD] 295NetBSD 1.3.1 1998-03-09 [NBD] (patch release) 296BSD/OS 3.1 1998-03-xx [BSDI] 297OpenBSD 2.3 1998-05-19 [OBD] 298NetBSD 1.3.2 1998-05-29 [NBD] (patch release) 299FreeBSD 2.2.7 1998-07-22 [FBD] 300BSD/OS 4.0 1998-08-xx [BSDI] 301 2-lock MP support, ELF executables 302FreeBSD 3.0 1998-10-16 [FBD] 303 FreeBSD-3.0 is a snapshot from -current, 304 while 3.1 and 3.2 are from 3.x-stable which 305 was branched quite some time after 3.0-release 306FreeBSD 2.2.8 1998-11-29 [FBD] 307OpenBSD 2.4 1998-12-01 [OBD] 308NetBSD 1.3.3 1998-12-23 [NBD] (patch release) 309FreeBSD 3.1 1999-02-15 [FBD] 310BSD/OS 4.0.1 1999-03-xx [BSDI] 311NetBSD 1.4 1999-05-12 [NBD] 312FreeBSD 3.2 1999-05-17 [FBD] 313OpenBSD 2.5 1999-05-19 [OBD] 314NetBSD 1.4.1 1999-08-26 [NBD] (patch release) 315FreeBSD 3.3 1999-09-17 [FBD] 316OpenBSD 2.6 1999-12-01 [OBD] 317FreeBSD 3.4 1999-12-20 [FBD] 318BSD/OS 4.1 1999-12-xx [BSDI] 319FreeBSD 4.0 2000-03-13 [FBD] 320NetBSD 1.4.2 2000-03-19 [NBD] (patch release) 321OpenBSD 2.7 2000-06-15 [OBD] 322FreeBSD 3.5 2000-06-24 [FBD] 323FreeBSD 4.1 2000-07-27 [FBD] 324FreeBSD 3.5.1 2000-07-28 [FBD] 325FreeBSD 4.1.1 2000-09-25 [FBD] (a network-only patch release) 326FreeBSD 4.2 2000-11-21 [FBD] 327NetBSD 1.4.3 2000-11-25 [NBD] (patch release) 328BSD/OS 4.2 2000-11-29 [BSDI] 329OpenBSD 2.8 2000-12-01 [OBD] 330NetBSD 1.5 2000-12-06 [NBD] 331FreeBSD 4.3 2001-04-20 [FBD] 332OpenBSD 2.9 2001-06-01 [OBD] 333NetBSD 1.5.1 2001-06-xx [NBD] (patch release) 334 335 336Bibliography 337------------------------ 338 339Leffler, Samuel J., Marshall Kirk McKusick, Michael J Karels and John 340Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.3BSD UNIX Operating 341System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1989. ISBN 0-201-06196-1 342 343Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. Addison-Wesley Publishing 344Company, Inc., 1994. ISBN 0-201-54777-5 345 346McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, and John 347Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating 348System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1996. ISBN 0-201-54979-4 349 350Doug McIlroy. Research Unix Reader. 351 352Michael G. Brown. The Role of BSD in the Development of Unix. 353Presented to the Tasmanian Unix Special Interest Group of the 354Australian Computer Society, Hobart, August 1993. 355 356Peter H. Salus. Unix at 25. Byte Magazine, October 1994. 357URL: http://www.byte.com/art/9410/sec8/art3.htm 358 359Andreas Klemm, Lars K�ller. If you're going to San Francisco ... 360Die freien BSD-Varianten von Unix. c't April 1997, page 368ff. 361 362BSD Release Announcements collection. 363URL: http://www.de.FreeBSD.org/de/ftp/releases/ 364 365BSD Hypertext Man Pages 366http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi 367 368UNIX history graphing project 369http://minnie.cs.adfa.edu.au/Unix_History/index.html 370 371UNIX history 372http://perso.wanadoo.fr/levenez/unix/ 373 374James Howard: The BSD Family Tree 375http://www.daemonnews.org/200104/bsd_family.html 376("what are the differences between FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD?") 377 378 379Acknowledgments 380--------------- 381 382Josh Gilliam for suggestions, bug fixes, and finding very old 383original BSD announcements from Usenet or tapes. 384 385Steven M. Schultz for providing 2.8BSD, 2.10BSD, 2.11BSD manual pages. 386 387-- 388Copyright (c) 1997-2001 Wolfram Schneider <wosch@FreeBSD.ORG> 389URL: ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/branches/-current/src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree 390 391$FreeBSD: head/share/misc/bsd-family-tree 78867 2001-06-27 04:41:58Z itojun $ 392