bsd-family-tree revision 158916
1The UNIX system family tree: Research and BSD 2--------------------------------------------- 3 4First Edition (V1) 5 | 6Second Edition (V2) 7 | 8Third Edition (V3) 9 | 10Fourth Edition (V4) 11 | 12Fifth Edition (V5) 13 | 14Sixth Edition (V6) -----* 15 \ | 16 \ | 17 \ | 18Seventh Edition (V7) | 19 \ | 20 \ 1BSD 21 32V | 22 \ 2BSD---------------* 23 \ / | 24 \ / | 25 \/ | 26 3BSD | 27 | | 28 4.0BSD 2.7.9BSD 29 | | 30 4.1BSD --------------> 2.8BSD 31 | | 32 4.1aBSD -----------\ | 33 | \ | 34 4.1bBSD \ | 35 | \ | 36 *------ 4.1cBSD --------------> 2.9BSD 37 / | | 38Eighth Edition | 2.9BSD-Seismo 39 | | | 40 +----<--- 4.2BSD 2.9.1BSD 41 | | | 42 +----<--- 4.3BSD -------------> 2.10BSD 43 | | / | 44Ninth Edition | / 2.10.1BSD 45 | 4.3BSD Tahoe-----+ | 46 | | \ | 47 | | \ | 48 v | 2.11BSD 49Tenth Edition | | 50 | 2.11BSD rev #430 51 4.3BSD NET/1 | 52 | v 53 4.3BSD Reno 54 | 55 *---------- 4.3BSD NET/2 -------------------+-------------* 56 | | | | 57386BSD 0.0 | | BSD/386 ALPHA 58 | | | | 59386BSD 0.1 ------------>+ | BSD/386 0.3.[13] 60 | \ | 4.4BSD Alpha | 61 | 386BSD 1.0 | | BSD/386 0.9.[34] 62 | | 4.4BSD | 63 | | / | | 64 | | 4.4BSD-Encumbered | | 65 | NetBSD 0.8 | BSD/386 1.0 66 | | | | 67FreeBSD 1.0 NetBSD 0.9 | BSD/386 1.1 68 | | .----- 4.4BSD Lite | 69FreeBSD 1.1 | / / | \ | 70 | | / / | \ | 71FreeBSD 1.1.5 .---|--------' / | \ | 72 | / | / | \ | 73FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 / | / | \ | 74 | / NetBSD 1.0 <-' | \ | 75 | / | | \ | 76FreeBSD 2.0 <--' | | BSD/OS 2.0 77 | \ | | 78FreeBSD 2.0.5 \ | BSD/OS 2.0.1 79 | .-----\------------- 4.4BSD Lite2 | 80 | | \ | | | | | 81 | | .-----|------Rhapsody | | | | 82 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | | | 83 | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | | 84 | | | | BSD/OS 3.0 | 85FreeBSD 2.1 | | | | 86 | | | | NetBSD 1.1 ------. BSD/OS 2.1 87 | FreeBSD 2.1.5 | | | \ | 88 | | | | NetBSD 1.2 \ BSD/OS 3.0 89 | FreeBSD 2.1.6 | | | \ OpenBSD 2.0 | 90 | | | | | \ | | 91 | FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 | | | \ | | 92 | | | | | \ | | 93 | FreeBSD 2.1.7 | | | | | | 94 | | | | | NetBSD 1.2.1 | | 95 | FreeBSD 2.1.7.1 | | | | | 96 | | | | | | 97 | | | | | | 98 *-FreeBSD 2.2 | | | | | 99 | \ | | | | | 100 | FreeBSD 2.2.1 | | | | | 101 | | | | | | | 102 | FreeBSD 2.2.2 | | | OpenBSD 2.1 | 103 | | | | | | | 104 | FreeBSD 2.2.5 | | | | | 105 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.2 | 106 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | | 107 | FreeBSD 2.2.6 | | | | | | 108 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.1 | BSD/OS 3.1 109 | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | 110 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.2 | | 111 | FreeBSD 2.2.7 | | | | | | 112 | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0 113 | v | | | | | | 114 | FreeBSD 2.2.8 | | | | | | 115 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.4 | 116FreeBSD 3.0 <--------* | | v | | 117 | | | NetBSD 1.3.3 | | 118 *---FreeBSD 3.1 | | | | 119 | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0.1 120 | FreeBSD 3.2----* | NetBSD 1.4 OpenBSD 2.5 | 121 | | | | | | | | | 122 | | | | | | | | | 123 | | | | | | | | | 124 | FreeBSD 3.3 | | | | NetBSD 1.4.1 | | 125 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.6 | 126 | FreeBSD 3.4 | | | | | | | 127 | | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.1 128FreeBSD 4.0 | | | | | NetBSD 1.4.2 | | 129 | | | | | | | | | 130 | | | | | | | | | 131 | FreeBSD 3.5 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.7 | 132 | | | | | | | | | 133 | FreeBSD 3.5.1 | | | | | | | 134 | | | | | | | | 135 *---FreeBSD 4.1 | | | | | | | 136 | | | | (?) | | | | 137 | FreeBSD 4.1.1 | | / | | | | 138 | | | | / | | | | 139 | FreeBSD 4.2 Darwin/ | NetBSD 1.4.3 | | 140 | | Mac OS X | OpenBSD 2.8 BSD/OS 4.2 141 | | | | | | 142 | | | | | | 143 | | 10.0 NetBSD 1.5 | | 144 | FreeBSD 4.3 | | | | | 145 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.9 | 146 | | | | NetBSD 1.5.1 | | 147 | | | | | | | 148 | FreeBSD 4.4-. | | NetBSD 1.5.2 | | 149 | | | Mac OS X | | | | 150 | | | 10.1 | | OpenBSD 3.0 | 151 | FreeBSD 4.5 | | | | | | 152 | | \ | | | | BSD/OS 4.3 153 | FreeBSD 4.6 \ | | | OpenBSD 3.1 | 154 | | \ | | NetBSD 1.5.3 | | 155 | FreeBSD 4.6.2 Mac OS X | | | 156 | | 10.2 | | | 157 | FreeBSD 4.7 | | | | 158 | | | NetBSD 1.6 OpenBSD 3.2 | 159 | FreeBSD 4.8 | | | | | 160 | | | | NetBSD 1.6.1 | | 161 | |--------. | | | OpenBSD 3.3 BSD/OS 5.0 162 | | \ | | | | | 163 | FreeBSD 4.9 | | | | OpenBSD 3.4 BSD/OS 5.1 ISE 164 | | | | | | | 165 | | | | | NetBSD 1.6.2 | 166 | | | | | | | 167 | | | | | | OpenBSD 3.5 168 | | | | | v | 169 | FreeBSD 4.10 | | | | 170 | | | | | | 171 | FreeBSD 4.11 | | | | 172 | | | | | | 173 | v `-|------|-----------------|---------------------. 174 | | | | \ 175FreeBSD 5.0 | | | | 176 | | | | | 177FreeBSD 5.1 | | | DragonFly 1.0 178 | \ | | | | 179 | ----- Mac OS X | | | 180 | 10.3 | | | 181FreeBSD 5.2 | | | | 182 | | | | | | 183 | FreeBSD 5.2.1 | | | | 184 | | | | | 185 *-------FreeBSD 5.3 | | | | 186 | | | | OpenBSD 3.6 | 187 | | | NetBSD 2.0 | | 188 | | | | | | | DragonFly 1.2.0 189 | | Mac OS X | | NetBSD 2.0.2 | | 190 | | 10.4 | | | | | 191 | FreeBSD 5.4 | | | | | | 192 | | | | | | OpenBSD 3.7 | 193 | | | | | NetBSD 2.0.3 | | 194 | | | | | | | | 195 *--FreeBSD | | | | v OpenBSD 3.8 | 196 | 6.0 | | | | | | 197 | | | | | \ | | 198 | | | | | NetBSD 2.1 | | 199 | | | | | | | 200 | | | | NetBSD 3.0 | | 201 | | | | | | DragonFly 1.4.0 202 | | | | | OpenBSD 3.9 | 203 | FreeBSD | | | | | 204 | 6.1 | | | | | 205 | | FreeBSD 5.5 | | | | 206 | V | | | | 207FreeBSD 7 -current | NetBSD -current OpenBSD -current | 208 | | | | | 209 v v v v v 210 211Time 212---------------- 213 214Time tolerance +/- 6 months, depending on which book/article you read; if it 215was the announcement in Usenet or if it was available as tape. 216 217[44B] McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, 218 and John Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of 219 the 4.4BSD Operating System. 220[APL] Apple website [http://www.apple.com/macosx/] 221[BSDI] Berkeley Software Design, Inc. 222[DFB] DragonFlyBSD Project, The. 223[DOC] README, COPYRIGHT on tape. 224[FBD] FreeBSD Project, The. 225[KB] Keith Bostic. BSD2.10 available from Usenix. comp.unix.sources, 226 Volume 11, Info 4, April, 1987. 227[KKK] Mike Karels, Kirk McKusick, and Keith Bostic. tahoe announcement. 228 comp.bugs.4bsd.ucb-fixes, June 15, 1988. 229[KSJ] Michael J. Karels, Carl F. Smith, and William F. Jolitz. 230 Changes in the Kernel in 2.9BSD. Second Berkeley Software 231 Distribution UNIX Version 2.9, July, 1983. 232[NBD] NetBSD Project, The. 233[OBD] OpenBSD Project, The. 234[QCU] Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. 235[SMS] Steven M. Schultz. 2.11BSD, UNIX for the PDP-11. 236[USE] Usenet announcement. 237[WRS] Wind River Systems, Inc. 238[dmr] Dennis Ritchie, via E-Mail 239 240Multics 1965 241UNIX Summer 1969 242 DEC PDP-7 243First Edition 1971-11-03 [QCU] 244 DEC PDP-11/20, Assembler 245Second Edition 1972-06-12 [QCU] 246 10 UNIX installations 247Third Edition 1973-02-xx [QCU] 248 Pipes, 16 installations 249Fourth Edition 1973-11-xx [QCU] 250 rewriting in C effected, 251 above 30 installations 252Fifth Edition 1974-06-xx [QCU] 253 above 50 installations 254Sixth Edition 1975-05-xx [QCU] 255 port to DEC Vax 256Seventh Edition 1979-01-xx [QCU] 257 first portable UNIX 258Eighth Edition 1985-02-xx [QCU] 259 VAX 11/750, VAX 11/780 [dmr] 260 descended from 4.1c BSD [dmr] 261 descended from 4.1 BSD [44B] 262 scooping-out and replacement of the character-device 263 and networking part by the streams mechanism 264 265Ninth Edition 1986-09-xx [QCU] 266Tenth Edition 1989-10-xx [QCU] 267 2681BSD late 1977 269 1978-03-09 [QCU] 270 PDP-11, Pascal, ex(1) 271 30 free copies of 1BSD sent out 272 35 tapes sold for 50 USD [QCU] 2732BSD mid 1978 [QCU] 274 75 2BSD tapes shipped 2752.7.9BSD ?? [SMS] 2762.8BSD 1981-07-xx [KSJ] 277 2782.8.1BSD 1982-01-xx [QCU] 279 set of performance improvements 2802.9BSD 1983-07-xx [KSJ] 2812.9.1BSD 1983-11-xx 2822.9BSD-Seismo 1985-08-xx [SMS] 2832.10BSD 1987-04-xx [KKK] 2842.10.1BSD 1989-01-xx [SMS] 2852.11BSD 1992-02-xx [SMS] 2862.11BSD rev #430 1999-12-13 [SMS] 287 28832V 1978-1[01]-xx [QCU] 2893BSD late 1979 [QCU] 290 virtual memory, page replacement, 291 demand paging 2924.0BSD 1980-10-xx 2934.1BSD 1981-07-08 [DOC] 2944.1aBSD 1982-04-xx 295 alpha release, 100 sites, networking [44B] 2964.1bBSD internal release, fast filesystem [44B] 2974.1cBSD late 1982 298 beta release, IPC [44B] 2994.2BSD 1983-09-xx [QCU] 300 1983-08-03 [DOC] 3014.3BSD 1986-06-xx [QCU] 302 1986-04-05 [KB], [DOC] 3034.3BSD Tahoe 1988-06-15 [QCU], [DOC] 3044.3BSD NET/1 1988-11-xx [QCU] 305 1989-01-01 [DOC] 3064.3BSD Reno 1990-06-29 [QCU], [DOC] 3074.3BSD NET/2 1991-06-28 [QCU], [DOC] 308 309BSD/386 ALPHA 1991-12-xx [BSDI] 310 first code released to people outside BSDI 311386BSD 0.0 1992-02-xx [DOC] 312BSD/386 0.3.1 1992-04-xx [BSDI] first ext. beta; B customers 313BSD/386 0.3.3 1992-06-xx [BSDI] first CDROM version 314386BSD 0.1 1992-07-28 [DOC] 3154.4BSD Alpha 1992-07-07 316BSD/386 0.9.3 1992-10-xx [BSDI] 317 first external gamma; G customers 318BSD/386 0.9.4 1992-12-xx [BSDI] 319 would have been 1.0 except for request 320 for preliminary injunction 321BSD/386 1.0 1993-03-xx [BSDI] 322 injunction denied; first official release 323NetBSD 0.8 1993-04-20 [NBD] 3244.4BSD 1993-06-01 [USE] 325NetBSD 0.9 1993-08-23 [NBD] 326FreeBSD 1.0 1993-11-01 [FBD] 327BSD/386 1.1 1994-02-xx [BSDI] 3284.4BSD Lite 1994-03-01 [USE] 329FreeBSD 1.1 1994-05-07 [FBD] 330FreeBSD 1.1.5 1994-06-30 [FBD] 331FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 1994-07-05 [FBD] 332 supersedes 1.1.5 5 days after release. 333NetBSD 1.0 1994-10-26 [NBD] 334386BSD 1.0 1994-11-12 [USE] 335FreeBSD 2.0 1994-11-23 [FBD] 336BSD/OS 2.0 1995-01-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite based 337FreeBSD 2.0.5 1995-06-10 [FBD] 338BSD/OS 2.0.1 1995-06-xx [BSDI] 3394.4BSD Lite Release 2 1995-06-xx [44B] 340 the true final distribution from the CSRG 341FreeBSD 2.1.0 1995-11-19 [FBD] 342NetBSD 1.1 1995-11-26 [NBD] 343BSD/OS 2.1 1996-01-xx [BSDI] 344FreeBSD 2.1.5 1996-07-14 [FBD] 345NetBSD 1.2 1996-10-04 [NBD] 346OpenBSD 2.0 1996-10-18 [OBD] 347FreeBSD 2.1.6 1996-11-16 [FBD] 348FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 1996-11-25 [FBD] (sendmail security release) 349Rhapsody 1997-xx-xx 350FreeBSD 2.1.7 1997-02-20 [FBD] 351BSD/OS 3.0 1997-02-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite2 based 352FreeBSD 2.2.0 1997-03-16 [FBD] 353FreeBSD 2.2.1 1997-03-25 [FBD] 354FreeBSD 2.2.2 1997-05-16 [FBD] 355NetBSD 1.2.1 1997-05-20 [NBD] (patch release) 356OpenBSD 2.1 1997-06-01 [OBD] 357FreeBSD 2.2.5 1997-10-22 [FBD] 358OpenBSD 2.2 1997-12-01 [OBD] 359NetBSD 1.3 1998-01-04 [NBD] 360FreeBSD 2.2.6 1998-03-25 [FBD] 361NetBSD 1.3.1 1998-03-09 [NBD] (patch release) 362BSD/OS 3.1 1998-03-xx [BSDI] 363OpenBSD 2.3 1998-05-19 [OBD] 364NetBSD 1.3.2 1998-05-29 [NBD] (patch release) 365FreeBSD 2.2.7 1998-07-22 [FBD] 366BSD/OS 4.0 1998-08-xx [BSDI] 367 2-lock MP support, ELF executables 368FreeBSD 3.0 1998-10-16 [FBD] 369 FreeBSD-3.0 is a snapshot from -current, 370 while 3.1 and 3.2 are from 3.x-stable which 371 was branched quite some time after 3.0-release 372FreeBSD 2.2.8 1998-11-29 [FBD] 373OpenBSD 2.4 1998-12-01 [OBD] 374NetBSD 1.3.3 1998-12-23 [NBD] (patch release) 375FreeBSD 3.1 1999-02-15 [FBD] 376BSD/OS 4.0.1 1999-03-xx [BSDI] 377NetBSD 1.4 1999-05-12 [NBD] 378FreeBSD 3.2 1999-05-17 [FBD] 379OpenBSD 2.5 1999-05-19 [OBD] 380NetBSD 1.4.1 1999-08-26 [NBD] (patch release) 381FreeBSD 3.3 1999-09-17 [FBD] 382OpenBSD 2.6 1999-12-01 [OBD] 383FreeBSD 3.4 1999-12-20 [FBD] 384BSD/OS 4.1 1999-12-xx [BSDI] 385FreeBSD 4.0 2000-03-13 [FBD] 386NetBSD 1.4.2 2000-03-19 [NBD] (patch release) 387OpenBSD 2.7 2000-06-15 [OBD] 388FreeBSD 3.5 2000-06-24 [FBD] 389FreeBSD 4.1 2000-07-27 [FBD] 390FreeBSD 3.5.1 2000-07-28 [FBD] 391FreeBSD 4.1.1 2000-09-25 [FBD] (a network-only patch release) 392FreeBSD 4.2 2000-11-21 [FBD] 393NetBSD 1.4.3 2000-11-25 [NBD] (patch release) 394BSD/OS 4.2 2000-11-29 [BSDI] 395OpenBSD 2.8 2000-12-01 [OBD] 396NetBSD 1.5 2000-12-06 [NBD] 397Mac OS X 10.0 2001-03-24 [APL] 398FreeBSD 4.3 2001-04-20 [FBD] 399OpenBSD 2.9 2001-06-01 [OBD] 400NetBSD 1.5.1 2001-07-11 [NBD] (patch release) 401NetBSD 1.5.2 2001-09-13 [NBD] (patch release) 402FreeBSD 4.4 2001-09-18 [FBD] 403Mac OS X 10.1 2001-09-29 [APL] 404OpenBSD 3.0 2001-12-01 [OBD] 405FreeBSD 4.5 2002-01-29 [FBD] 406BSD/OS 4.3 2002-03-14 [WRS] 407OpenBSD 3.1 2002-05-19 [OBD] 408FreeBSD 4.6 2002-06-15 [FBD] 409NetBSD 1.5.3 2002-07-22 [NBD] (patch release) 410FreeBSD 4.6.2 2002-08-15 [FBD] (patch release) 411Mac OS X 10.2 2002-08-23 [APL] 412NetBSD 1.6 2002-09-14 [NBD] 413FreeBSD 4.7 2002-10-08 [FBD] 414OpenBSD 3.2 2002-11-01 [OBD] 415FreeBSD 5.0 2003-01-17 [FBD] 416 FreeBSD 5.0 is a separate branch off of 417 -current, similar to 3.0. 418FreeBSD 4.8 2003-04-03 [FBD] 419NetBSD 1.6.1 2003-04-21 [NBD] (patch release) 420OpenBSD 3.3 2003-05-01 [OBD] 421BSD/OS 5.0 2003-05-?? [WRS] 422FreeBSD 5.1 2003-06-09 [FBD] 423Mac OS X 10.3 2003-10-24 [APL] 424FreeBSD 4.9 2003-10-28 [FBD] 425BSD/OS 5.1 ISE 2003-10-?? [WRS] (final version) 426OpenBSD 3.4 2003-11-01 [OBD] 427FreeBSD 5.2 2004-01-12 [FBD] 428FreeBSD 5.2.1 2004-02-22 [FBD] (patch release) 429NetBSD 1.6.2 2004-03-01 [NBD] (patch release) 430OpenBSD 3.5 2004-04-01 [OBD] 431FreeBSD 4.10 2004-05-27 [FBD] 432DragonFly 1.0 2004-07-12 [DFB] 433OpenBSD 3.6 2004-10-29 [OBD] 434FreeBSD 5.3 2004-11-06 [FBD] 435NetBSD 2.0 2004-12-09 [NBD] 436FreeBSD 4.11 2005-01-25 [FBD] 437DragonFly 1.2.0 2005-04-08 [DFB] 438NetBSD 2.0.2 2005-04-14 [NBD] (security/critical release) 439Mac OS X 10.4 2005-04-29 [APL] 440FreeBSD 5.4 2005-05-09 [FBD] 441OpenBSD 3.7 2005-05-19 [OBD] 442NetBSD 2.0.3 2005-10-31 [NBD] (security/critical release) 443OpenBSD 3.8 2005-11-01 [OBD] 444FreeBSD 6.0 2005-11-01 [FBD] 445NetBSD 2.1 2005-11-02 [NBD] 446NetBSD 3.0 2005-12-23 [NBD] 447DragonFly 1.4.0 2006-01-08 [DFB] 448OpenBSD 3.9 2006-05-01 [OBD] 449FreeBSD 6.1 2005-05-08 [FBD] 450FreeBSD 5.5 2005-05-25 [FBD] 451 452Bibliography 453------------------------ 454 455Leffler, Samuel J., Marshall Kirk McKusick, Michael J Karels and John 456Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.3BSD UNIX Operating 457System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1989. ISBN 0-201-06196-1 458 459Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. Addison-Wesley Publishing 460Company, Inc., 1994. ISBN 0-201-54777-5 461 462McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, and John 463Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating 464System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1996. ISBN 0-201-54979-4 465 466McKusick, Marshall Kirk, George Neville-Neil. The Design and 467Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System. 468Addison-Wesley Professional, Published: Aug 2, 2004. ISBN 0-201-70245-2 469 470Doug McIlroy. Research Unix Reader. 471 472Michael G. Brown. The Role of BSD in the Development of Unix. 473Presented to the Tasmanian Unix Special Interest Group of the 474Australian Computer Society, Hobart, August 1993. 475 476Peter H. Salus. Unix at 25. Byte Magazine, October 1994. 477URL: http://www.byte.com/art/9410/sec8/art3.htm 478 479Andreas Klemm, Lars K�ller. If you're going to San Francisco ... 480Die freien BSD-Varianten von Unix. c't April 1997, page 368ff. 481 482BSD Release Announcements collection. 483URL: http://www.de.FreeBSD.org/de/ftp/releases/ 484 485BSD Hypertext Man Pages 486URL: http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi 487 488UNIX history graphing project 489URL: http://minnie.tuhs.org/Unix_History/index.html 490 491UNIX history 492URL: http://www.levenez.com/unix/ 493 494James Howard: The BSD Family Tree 495URL: http://ezine.daemonnews.org/200104/bsd_family.html 496("what are the differences between FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD?") 497 498 499Acknowledgments 500--------------- 501 502Josh Gilliam for suggestions, bug fixes, and finding very old 503original BSD announcements from Usenet or tapes. 504 505Steven M. Schultz for providing 2.8BSD, 2.10BSD, 2.11BSD manual pages. 506 507-- 508Copyright (c) 1997-2004 Wolfram Schneider <wosch@FreeBSD.ORG> 509URL: http://cvsweb.freebsd.org/src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree 510 511$FreeBSD: head/share/misc/bsd-family-tree 158916 2006-05-25 18:16:16Z maxim $ 512