bsd-family-tree revision 84087
159769SgrogThe UNIX system family tree: Research and BSD 259769Sgrog--------------------------------------------- 324424Swosch 424424SwoschFirst Edition (V1) 524424Swosch | 624424SwoschSecond Edition (V2) 724424Swosch | 824424SwoschThird Edition (V3) 924424Swosch | 1024424SwoschFourth Edition (V4) 1124424Swosch | 1224424SwoschFifth Edition (V5) 1324424Swosch | 1424424SwoschSixth Edition (V6) -----* 1542704Swosch \ | 1642704Swosch \ | 1742704Swosch \ | 1824424SwoschSeventh Edition (V7) | 1942704Swosch \ | 2042704Swosch \ 1BSD 2142704Swosch 32V | 2242704Swosch \ 2BSD---------------* 2342704Swosch \ / | 2442704Swosch \ / | 2542704Swosch \/ | 2642704Swosch 3BSD | 2742704Swosch | | 2842704Swosch 4.0BSD 2.7.9BSD 2942704Swosch | | 3059769Sgrog 4.1BSD --------------> 2.8BSD 3159769Sgrog | | 3259769Sgrog 4.1aBSD -----------\ | 3359769Sgrog | \ | 3459769Sgrog 4.1bBSD \ | 3559769Sgrog | \ | 3659769Sgrog *------ 4.1cBSD --------------> 2.9BSD 3759769Sgrog / | | 3859769SgrogEighth Edition | 2.9BSD-Seismo 3924424Swosch | | | 4042704Swosch +----<--- 4.2BSD 2.9.1BSD 4124424Swosch | | | 4242704Swosch +----<--- 4.3BSD -------------> 2.10BSD 4324424Swosch | | / | 4442704SwoschNinth Edition | / 2.10.1BSD 4524424Swosch | 4.3BSD Tahoe-----+ | 4624424Swosch | | \ | 4724424Swosch | | \ | 4842704Swosch v | 2.11BSD 4925031SwoschTenth Edition | | 5059156Swosch | 2.11BSD rev #430 5125031Swosch 4.3BSD NET/1 | 5225031Swosch | v 5324424Swosch 4.3BSD Reno 5424424Swosch | 5524424Swosch *---------- 4.3BSD NET/2 -------------------+-------------* 5624424Swosch | | | | 5771231Sitojun386BSD 0.0 | | BSD/386 ALPHA 5824424Swosch | | | | 5971231Sitojun386BSD 0.1 ------------>+ | BSD/386 0.3.[13] 6025031Swosch | \ | 4.4BSD Alpha | 6171231Sitojun | 386BSD 1.0 | | BSD/386 0.9.[34] 6224424Swosch | | 4.4BSD | 6325031Swosch | | / | | 6425031Swosch | | 4.4BSD-Encumbered | | 6571231Sitojun | NetBSD 0.8 | BSD/386 1.0 6625031Swosch | | | | 6771231SitojunFreeBSD 1.0 NetBSD 0.9 | BSD/386 1.1 6870110Swosch | | .----- 4.4BSD Lite | 6970110SwoschFreeBSD 1.1 | / / | \ | 7070110Swosch | | / / | \ | 7170110SwoschFreeBSD 1.1.5 .---|--------' / | \ | 7270110Swosch | / | / | \ | 7370110SwoschFreeBSD 1.1.5.1 / | / | \ | 7470110Swosch | / NetBSD 1.0 <-' | \ | 7570110Swosch | / | | \ | 7670110SwoschFreeBSD 2.0 <--' | | BSD/OS 2.0 7770110Swosch | \ | | 7870110SwoschFreeBSD 2.0.5 \ | BSD/OS 2.0.1 7980675Sasmodai | .-----\------------- 4.4BSD Lite2 | 8080675Sasmodai | | \ | | | | | 8180675Sasmodai | | .-----|------Rhapsody | | | | 8280675Sasmodai | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | | | 8380675Sasmodai | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | | 8480675Sasmodai | | | | BSD/OS 3.0 | 8580675SasmodaiFreeBSD 2.1 | | | | 8680675Sasmodai | | | | NetBSD 1.1 ------. BSD/OS 2.1 8780675Sasmodai | FreeBSD 2.1.5 | | | \ | 8880675Sasmodai | | | | NetBSD 1.2 \ BSD/OS 3.0 8980675Sasmodai | FreeBSD 2.1.6 | | | \ OpenBSD 2.0 | 9080675Sasmodai | | | | | \ | | 9180675Sasmodai | FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 | | | \ | | 9280675Sasmodai | | | | | \ | | 9380675Sasmodai | FreeBSD 2.1.7 | | | | | | 9480675Sasmodai | | | | | NetBSD 1.2.1 | | 9580675Sasmodai | FreeBSD 2.1.7.1 | | | | | 9680675Sasmodai | | | | | | 9780675Sasmodai | | | | | | 9880675Sasmodai *-FreeBSD 2.2 | | | | | 9980675Sasmodai | \ | | | | | 10080675Sasmodai | FreeBSD 2.2.1 | | | | | 10180675Sasmodai | | | | | | | 10280675Sasmodai | FreeBSD 2.2.2 | | | OpenBSD 2.1 | 10380675Sasmodai | | | | | | | 10480675Sasmodai | FreeBSD 2.2.5 | | | | | 10580675Sasmodai | | | | | OpenBSD 2.2 | 10680675Sasmodai | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | | 10780675Sasmodai | FreeBSD 2.2.6 | | | | | | 10880675Sasmodai | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.1 | BSD/OS 3.1 10980675Sasmodai | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | 11080675Sasmodai | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.2 | | 11180675Sasmodai | FreeBSD 2.2.7 | | | | | | 11280675Sasmodai | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0 11380675Sasmodai | v | | | | | | 11480675Sasmodai | FreeBSD 2.2.8 | | | | | | 11580675Sasmodai | | | | | OpenBSD 2.4 | 11680675SasmodaiFreeBSD 3.0 <--------* | | v | | 11780675Sasmodai | | | NetBSD 1.3.3 | | 11880675Sasmodai *---FreeBSD 3.1 | | | | 11980675Sasmodai | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0.1 12080675Sasmodai | FreeBSD 3.2----* | NetBSD 1.4 OpenBSD 2.5 | 12180675Sasmodai | | | | | | | | | 12280675Sasmodai | | | | | | | | | 12380675Sasmodai | | | | | | | | | 12480675Sasmodai | FreeBSD 3.3 | | | | NetBSD 1.4.1 | | 12580675Sasmodai | | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.6 | 12680675Sasmodai | FreeBSD 3.4 | | | | | | | 12780675Sasmodai | | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.1 12880675SasmodaiFreeBSD 4.0 | | | | | NetBSD 1.4.2 | | 12980675Sasmodai | | | | | | | | | 13080675Sasmodai | | | | | | | | | 13180675Sasmodai | FreeBSD 3.5 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.7 | 13280675Sasmodai | | | | | | | | | 13380675Sasmodai | FreeBSD 3.5.1 | | | | | | | 13480675Sasmodai | | | | | | | | 13580675Sasmodai *---FreeBSD 4.1 | | | | | | | 13680675Sasmodai | | | | (?) | | | | 13780675Sasmodai | FreeBSD 4.1.1 | | / | | | | 13880675Sasmodai | | | | / | v | | 13980675Sasmodai | FreeBSD 4.2 Darwin/ | NetBSD 1.4.3 | | 14080675Sasmodai | | Mac OS X | OpenBSD 2.8 BSD/OS 4.2 14180675Sasmodai | | 10.0 NetBSD 1.5 | | 14280675Sasmodai | FreeBSD 4.3 | | | | v 14380675Sasmodai | | | | v OpenBSD 2.9 14480675Sasmodai | | | | NetBSD 1.5.1 | 14584087Swosch | | | | | | 14684087Swosch | FreeBSD 4.4 | | NetBSD 1.5.2 | 14783686Sobrien | | | | | 14880675Sasmodai | v | | | 14980675Sasmodai | | | | 15080675SasmodaiFreeBSD 5.0-current | NetBSD -current OpenBSD -current 15180675Sasmodai | | | | 15280675Sasmodai v | v v 15380675Sasmodai Mac OS X 15480675Sasmodai 10.1 15524424Swosch 15624424SwoschTime 15724424Swosch---------------- 15824424Swosch 15969277SasmodaiTime tolerance +/- 6 months, depending on which book/article you read; if it 16069277Sasmodaiwas the announcement in Usenet or if it was available as tape. 16124424Swosch 16225031Swosch[44B] McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, 16325031Swosch and John Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of 16425031Swosch the 4.4BSD Operating System. 16580675Sasmodai[APL] Apple website [http://www.apple.com/macosx/] 16625031Swosch[DOC] README, COPYRIGHT on tape. 16725031Swosch[QCU] Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. 16825031Swosch[U25] Peter H. Salus. Unix at 25. 16925031Swosch[USE] Usenet announcement. 17025031Swosch[KSJ] Michael J. Karels, Carl F. Smith, and William F. Jolitz. 17125031Swosch Changes in the Kernel in 2.9BSD. Second Berkeley Software 17225031Swosch Distribution UNIX Version 2.9, July, 1983. 17325031Swosch[KB] Keith Bostic. BSD2.10 available from Usenix. comp.unix.sources, 17425031Swosch Volume 11, Info 4, April, 1987. 17525031Swosch[KKK] Mike Karels, Kirk McKusick, and Keith Bostic. tahoe announcement. 17625031Swosch comp.bugs.4bsd.ucb-fixes, June 15, 1988. 17725031Swosch[SMS] Steven M. Schultz. 2.11BSD, UNIX for the PDP-11. 17838440Sjkh[FBD] FreeBSD Project, The. 17945349Swosch[NBD] NetBSD Project, The. 18045349Swosch[OBD] OpenBSD Project, The. 18142704Swosch[dmr] Dennis Ritchie, via E-Mail 18270110Swosch[BSDI] Berkeley Software Design, Inc. 18325031Swosch 18424424SwoschMultics 1965 18559769SgrogUNIX Summer 1969 18625031Swosch DEC PDP-7 18725031SwoschFirst Edition 1971-11-03 [QCU] 18825031Swosch DEC PDP-11/20, Assembler 18925031SwoschSecond Edition 1972-06-12 [QCU] 19059769Sgrog 10 UNIX installations 19125031SwoschThird Edition 1973-02-xx [QCU] 19225031Swosch Pipes, 16 installations 19325031SwoschFourth Edition 1973-11-xx [QCU] 19425031Swosch rewriting in C effected, 19524424Swosch above 30 installations 19625031SwoschFifth Edition 1974-06-xx [QCU] 19725031Swosch above 50 installations 19825031SwoschSixth Edition 1975-05-xx [QCU] 19925031Swosch port to DEC Vax 20025031SwoschSeventh Edition 1979-01-xx [QCU] 20159769Sgrog first portable UNIX 20259769SgrogEighth Edition 1985-02-xx [QCU] 20342704Swosch VAX 11/750, VAX 11/780 [dmr] 20442704Swosch descended from 4.1c BSD [dmr] 20542704Swosch descended from 4.1 BSD [44B] 20670110Swosch scooping-out and replacement of the character-device 20742704Swosch and networking part by the streams mechanism 20842704Swosch 20925031SwoschNinth Edition 1986-09-xx [QCU] 21025031SwoschTenth Edition 1989-10-xx [QCU] 21124424Swosch 21225031Swosch1BSD late 1977 21325031Swosch 1978-03-09 [QCU] 21425031Swosch PDP-11, Pascal, ex(1) 21525031Swosch 30 free copies of 1BSD sent out 21625031Swosch 35 tapes sold for 50 USD [QCU] 21725031Swosch2BSD mid 1978 [QCU] 21825031Swosch 75 2BSD tapes shipped 21925031Swosch2.7.9BSD ?? [SMS] 22025031Swosch2.8BSD 1981-07-xx [KSJ] 22124424Swosch 22225031Swosch2.8.1BSD 1982-01-xx [QCU] 22325031Swosch set of performance improvements 22425031Swosch2.9BSD 1983-07-xx [KSJ] 22525031Swosch2.9.1BSD 1983-11-xx 22625031Swosch2.9BSD-Seismo 1985-08-xx [SMS] 22725031Swosch2.10BSD 1987-04-xx [KKK] 22825031Swosch2.10.1BSD 1989-01-xx [SMS] 22925031Swosch2.11BSD 1992-02-xx [SMS] 23059156Swosch2.11BSD rev #430 1999-12-13 [SMS] 23125031Swosch 23225031Swosch32V 1978-1[01]-xx [QCU] 23325031Swosch3BSD late 1979 [QCU] 23425031Swosch virtual memory, page replacement, 23525031Swosch demand paging 23625031Swosch4.0BSD 1980-10-xx 23725031Swosch4.1BSD 1981-06-xx 23825031Swosch4.1aBSD 1982-04-xx 23925031Swosch alpha release, 100 sites, networking [44B] 24025031Swosch4.1bBSD internal release, fast filesystem [44B] 24124424Swosch4.1cBSD late 1982 24225031Swosch beta release, IPC [44B] 24325031Swosch4.2BSD 1983-09-xx [QCU] 24425031Swosch4.3BSD 1986-06-xx [QCU] 24525031Swosch 1986-04-xx [KB] 24625031Swosch4.3BSD Tahoe 1988-06-xx [QCU] 24725031Swosch4.3BSD NET/1 1988-11-xx [QCU] 24825031Swosch4.3BSD Reno 1990-06-xx [QCU], [DOC] 24925031Swosch4.3BSD NET/2 1991-06-xx [QCU] 25070110Swosch 25171231SitojunBSD/386 ALPHA 1991-12-xx [BSDI] 25270110Swosch first code released to people outside BSDI 25325031Swosch386BSD 0.0 1992-02-xx [DOC] 25471231SitojunBSD/386 0.3.1 1992-04-xx [BSDI] first ext. beta; B customers 25571231SitojunBSD/386 0.3.3 1992-06-xx [BSDI] first CDROM version 25669278Sasmodai386BSD 0.1 1992-07-28 [DOC] 25725031Swosch4.4BSD Alpha 1992-07-07 25871231SitojunBSD/386 0.9.3 1992-10-xx [BSDI] 25970110Swosch first external gamma; G customers 26071231SitojunBSD/386 0.9.4 1992-12-xx [BSDI] 26170110Swosch would have been 1.0 except for request 26270110Swosch for preliminary injunction 26371231SitojunBSD/386 1.0 1993-03-xx [BSDI] 26470110Swosch injunction denied; first official release 26557000SwoschNetBSD 0.8 1993-04-20 [NBD] 26625031Swosch4.4BSD 1993-06-01 [USE] 26745349SwoschNetBSD 0.9 1993-08-23 [NBD] 26878270SnikFreeBSD 1.0 1993-11-01 [FBD] 26971231SitojunBSD/386 1.1 1994-02-xx [BSDI] 27025031Swosch4.4BSD Lite 1994-03-01 [USE] 27138440SjkhFreeBSD 1.1 1994-04-xx [FBD] 27238440SjkhFreeBSD 1.1.5.1 1994-07-xx [FBD] 27349392Swosch supersedes 1.1.5 3 days after release. 27457000SwoschNetBSD 1.0 1994-10-26 [NBD] 27538440Sjkh386BSD 1.0 1994-11-12 [USE] 27638440SjkhFreeBSD 2.0 1995-01-xx [FBD] 27770110SwoschBSD/OS 2.0 1995-01-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite based 27869278SasmodaiFreeBSD 2.0.5 1995-06-10 [FBD] 27970110SwoschBSD/OS 2.0.1 1995-06-xx [BSDI] 28025031Swosch4.4BSD Lite Release 2 1995-06-xx [44B] 28125031Swosch the true final distribution from the CSRG 28269278SasmodaiFreeBSD 2.1.0 1995-11-19 [FBD] 28345349SwoschNetBSD 1.1 1995-11-26 [NBD] 28470110SwoschBSD/OS 2.1 1996-01-xx [BSDI] 28569278SasmodaiFreeBSD 2.1.5 1996-07-14 [FBD] 28645349SwoschNetBSD 1.2 1996-10-04 [NBD] 28745349SwoschOpenBSD 2.0 1996-10-18 [OBD] 28869278SasmodaiFreeBSD 2.1.6 1996-11-16 [FBD] 28969278SasmodaiFreeBSD 2.1.6.1 1996-11-25 [FBD] (sendmail security release) 29080675SasmodaiRhapsody 1997-xx-xx 29169278SasmodaiFreeBSD 2.1.7 1997-02-20 [FBD] 29270110SwoschBSD/OS 3.0 1997-02-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite2 based 29369278SasmodaiFreeBSD 2.2.0 1997-03-16 [FBD] 29469278SasmodaiFreeBSD 2.2.1 1997-03-25 [FBD] 29569278SasmodaiFreeBSD 2.2.2 1997-05-16 [FBD] 29657000SwoschNetBSD 1.2.1 1997-05-20 [NBD] (patch release) 29745349SwoschOpenBSD 2.1 1997-06-01 [OBD] 29869277SasmodaiFreeBSD 2.2.5 1997-10-22 [FBD] 29945349SwoschOpenBSD 2.2 1997-12-01 [OBD] 30066542SitojunNetBSD 1.3 1998-01-04 [NBD] 30169277SasmodaiFreeBSD 2.2.6 1998-03-25 [FBD] 30257000SwoschNetBSD 1.3.1 1998-03-09 [NBD] (patch release) 30370110SwoschBSD/OS 3.1 1998-03-xx [BSDI] 30445349SwoschOpenBSD 2.3 1998-05-19 [OBD] 30557000SwoschNetBSD 1.3.2 1998-05-29 [NBD] (patch release) 30669277SasmodaiFreeBSD 2.2.7 1998-07-22 [FBD] 30770110SwoschBSD/OS 4.0 1998-08-xx [BSDI] 30870110Swosch 2-lock MP support, ELF executables 30942589SwoschFreeBSD 3.0 1998-10-16 [FBD] 31070110Swosch FreeBSD-3.0 is a snapshot from -current, 31170110Swosch while 3.1 and 3.2 are from 3.x-stable which 31246321Swosch was branched quite some time after 3.0-release 31345349SwoschFreeBSD 2.2.8 1998-11-29 [FBD] 31445349SwoschOpenBSD 2.4 1998-12-01 [OBD] 31557000SwoschNetBSD 1.3.3 1998-12-23 [NBD] (patch release) 31646318SwoschFreeBSD 3.1 1999-02-15 [FBD] 31770110SwoschBSD/OS 4.0.1 1999-03-xx [BSDI] 31856406SwoschNetBSD 1.4 1999-05-12 [NBD] 31955389SbillfFreeBSD 3.2 1999-05-17 [FBD] 32055389SbillfOpenBSD 2.5 1999-05-19 [OBD] 32157000SwoschNetBSD 1.4.1 1999-08-26 [NBD] (patch release) 32255389SbillfFreeBSD 3.3 1999-09-17 [FBD] 32355389SbillfOpenBSD 2.6 1999-12-01 [OBD] 32455389SbillfFreeBSD 3.4 1999-12-20 [FBD] 32570110SwoschBSD/OS 4.1 1999-12-xx [BSDI] 32658448SwoschFreeBSD 4.0 2000-03-13 [FBD] 32758448SwoschNetBSD 1.4.2 2000-03-19 [NBD] (patch release) 32865412SwoschOpenBSD 2.7 2000-06-15 [OBD] 32964612SalexFreeBSD 3.5 2000-06-24 [FBD] 33064612SalexFreeBSD 4.1 2000-07-27 [FBD] 33165411SwoschFreeBSD 3.5.1 2000-07-28 [FBD] 33265974SwoschFreeBSD 4.1.1 2000-09-25 [FBD] (a network-only patch release) 33369277SasmodaiFreeBSD 4.2 2000-11-21 [FBD] 33469277SasmodaiNetBSD 1.4.3 2000-11-25 [NBD] (patch release) 33570119SwoschBSD/OS 4.2 2000-11-29 [BSDI] 33669277SasmodaiOpenBSD 2.8 2000-12-01 [OBD] 33770111SwoschNetBSD 1.5 2000-12-06 [NBD] 33880675SasmodaiMac OS X 10.0 2001-03-24 [APL] 33975833SwoschFreeBSD 4.3 2001-04-20 [FBD] 34078867SitojunOpenBSD 2.9 2001-06-01 [OBD] 34179603SitojunNetBSD 1.5.1 2001-07-11 [NBD] (patch release) 34284087SwoschNetBSD 1.5.2 2001-09-13 [NBD] (patch release) 34383686SobrienFreeBSD 4.4 2001-09-18 [FBD] 34480675SasmodaiMac OS X 10.1 2001-09-xx [APL] 34524424Swosch 34625031Swosch 34724424SwoschBibliography 34824424Swosch------------------------ 34924424Swosch 35024424SwoschLeffler, Samuel J., Marshall Kirk McKusick, Michael J Karels and John 35124424SwoschQuarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.3BSD UNIX Operating 35224424SwoschSystem. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1989. ISBN 0-201-06196-1 35324424Swosch 35424424SwoschSalus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. Addison-Wesley Publishing 35524424SwoschCompany, Inc., 1994. ISBN 0-201-54777-5 35624424Swosch 35724424SwoschMcKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, and John 35824424SwoschQuarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating 35924424SwoschSystem. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1996. ISBN 0-201-54979-4 36024424Swosch 36125031SwoschDoug McIlroy. Research Unix Reader. 36225031Swosch 36324424SwoschMichael G. Brown. The Role of BSD in the Development of Unix. 36424424SwoschPresented to the Tasmanian Unix Special Interest Group of the 36524424SwoschAustralian Computer Society, Hobart, August 1993. 36624424Swosch 36759769SgrogPeter H. Salus. Unix at 25. Byte Magazine, October 1994. 36879514SitojunURL: http://www.byte.com/art/9410/sec8/art3.htm (unreachable) 36924424Swosch 37025031SwoschAndreas Klemm, Lars K�ller. If you're going to San Francisco ... 37125031SwoschDie freien BSD-Varianten von Unix. c't April 1997, page 368ff. 37225031Swosch 37325031SwoschBSD Release Announcements collection. 37459769SgrogURL: http://www.de.FreeBSD.org/de/ftp/releases/ 37525031Swosch 37631658SwoschBSD Hypertext Man Pages 37779514SitojunURL: http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi 37831658Swosch 37959769SgrogUNIX history graphing project 38079514SitojunURL: http://minnie.tuhs.org/Unix_History/index.html 38159769Sgrog 38265415SwoschUNIX history 38379514SitojunURL: http://perso.wanadoo.fr/levenez/unix/ 38465415Swosch 38575834SwoschJames Howard: The BSD Family Tree 38679514SitojunURL: http://www.daemonnews.org/200104/bsd_family.html 38775834Swosch("what are the differences between FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD?") 38875834Swosch 38975834Swosch 39025031SwoschAcknowledgments 39125031Swosch--------------- 39225031Swosch 39359769SgrogJosh Gilliam for suggestions, bug fixes, and finding very old 39425031Swoschoriginal BSD announcements from Usenet or tapes. 39525031Swosch 39631658SwoschSteven M. Schultz for providing 2.8BSD, 2.10BSD, 2.11BSD manual pages. 39725031Swosch 39824424Swosch-- 39972877SwoschCopyright (c) 1997-2001 Wolfram Schneider <wosch@FreeBSD.ORG> 40067388SwoschURL: ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/branches/-current/src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree 40142589Swosch 40250970Speter$FreeBSD: head/share/misc/bsd-family-tree 84087 2001-09-28 17:18:10Z wosch $ 403