bsd-family-tree revision 152004
1The UNIX system family tree: Research and BSD 2--------------------------------------------- 3 4First Edition (V1) 5 | 6Second Edition (V2) 7 | 8Third Edition (V3) 9 | 10Fourth Edition (V4) 11 | 12Fifth Edition (V5) 13 | 14Sixth Edition (V6) -----* 15 \ | 16 \ | 17 \ | 18Seventh Edition (V7) | 19 \ | 20 \ 1BSD 21 32V | 22 \ 2BSD---------------* 23 \ / | 24 \ / | 25 \/ | 26 3BSD | 27 | | 28 4.0BSD 2.7.9BSD 29 | | 30 4.1BSD --------------> 2.8BSD 31 | | 32 4.1aBSD -----------\ | 33 | \ | 34 4.1bBSD \ | 35 | \ | 36 *------ 4.1cBSD --------------> 2.9BSD 37 / | | 38Eighth Edition | 2.9BSD-Seismo 39 | | | 40 +----<--- 4.2BSD 2.9.1BSD 41 | | | 42 +----<--- 4.3BSD -------------> 2.10BSD 43 | | / | 44Ninth Edition | / 2.10.1BSD 45 | 4.3BSD Tahoe-----+ | 46 | | \ | 47 | | \ | 48 v | 2.11BSD 49Tenth Edition | | 50 | 2.11BSD rev #430 51 4.3BSD NET/1 | 52 | v 53 4.3BSD Reno 54 | 55 *---------- 4.3BSD NET/2 -------------------+-------------* 56 | | | | 57386BSD 0.0 | | BSD/386 ALPHA 58 | | | | 59386BSD 0.1 ------------>+ | BSD/386 0.3.[13] 60 | \ | 4.4BSD Alpha | 61 | 386BSD 1.0 | | BSD/386 0.9.[34] 62 | | 4.4BSD | 63 | | / | | 64 | | 4.4BSD-Encumbered | | 65 | NetBSD 0.8 | BSD/386 1.0 66 | | | | 67FreeBSD 1.0 NetBSD 0.9 | BSD/386 1.1 68 | | .----- 4.4BSD Lite | 69FreeBSD 1.1 | / / | \ | 70 | | / / | \ | 71FreeBSD 1.1.5 .---|--------' / | \ | 72 | / | / | \ | 73FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 / | / | \ | 74 | / NetBSD 1.0 <-' | \ | 75 | / | | \ | 76FreeBSD 2.0 <--' | | BSD/OS 2.0 77 | \ | | 78FreeBSD 2.0.5 \ | BSD/OS 2.0.1 79 | .-----\------------- 4.4BSD Lite2 | 80 | | \ | | | | | 81 | | .-----|------Rhapsody | | | | 82 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | | | 83 | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | | 84 | | | | BSD/OS 3.0 | 85FreeBSD 2.1 | | | | 86 | | | | NetBSD 1.1 ------. BSD/OS 2.1 87 | FreeBSD 2.1.5 | | | \ | 88 | | | | NetBSD 1.2 \ BSD/OS 3.0 89 | FreeBSD 2.1.6 | | | \ OpenBSD 2.0 | 90 | | | | | \ | | 91 | FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 | | | \ | | 92 | | | | | \ | | 93 | FreeBSD 2.1.7 | | | | | | 94 | | | | | NetBSD 1.2.1 | | 95 | FreeBSD 2.1.7.1 | | | | | 96 | | | | | | 97 | | | | | | 98 *-FreeBSD 2.2 | | | | | 99 | \ | | | | | 100 | FreeBSD 2.2.1 | | | | | 101 | | | | | | | 102 | FreeBSD 2.2.2 | | | OpenBSD 2.1 | 103 | | | | | | | 104 | FreeBSD 2.2.5 | | | | | 105 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.2 | 106 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | | 107 | FreeBSD 2.2.6 | | | | | | 108 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.1 | BSD/OS 3.1 109 | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | 110 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.2 | | 111 | FreeBSD 2.2.7 | | | | | | 112 | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0 113 | v | | | | | | 114 | FreeBSD 2.2.8 | | | | | | 115 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.4 | 116FreeBSD 3.0 <--------* | | v | | 117 | | | NetBSD 1.3.3 | | 118 *---FreeBSD 3.1 | | | | 119 | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0.1 120 | FreeBSD 3.2----* | NetBSD 1.4 OpenBSD 2.5 | 121 | | | | | | | | | 122 | | | | | | | | | 123 | | | | | | | | | 124 | FreeBSD 3.3 | | | | NetBSD 1.4.1 | | 125 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.6 | 126 | FreeBSD 3.4 | | | | | | | 127 | | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.1 128FreeBSD 4.0 | | | | | NetBSD 1.4.2 | | 129 | | | | | | | | | 130 | | | | | | | | | 131 | FreeBSD 3.5 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.7 | 132 | | | | | | | | | 133 | FreeBSD 3.5.1 | | | | | | | 134 | | | | | | | | 135 *---FreeBSD 4.1 | | | | | | | 136 | | | | (?) | | | | 137 | FreeBSD 4.1.1 | | / | | | | 138 | | | | / | | | | 139 | FreeBSD 4.2 Darwin/ | NetBSD 1.4.3 | | 140 | | Mac OS X | OpenBSD 2.8 BSD/OS 4.2 141 | | | | | | 142 | | | | | | 143 | | 10.0 NetBSD 1.5 | | 144 | FreeBSD 4.3 | | | | | 145 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.9 | 146 | | | | NetBSD 1.5.1 | | 147 | | | | | | | 148 | FreeBSD 4.4-. | | NetBSD 1.5.2 | | 149 | | | Mac OS X | | | | 150 | | | 10.1 | | OpenBSD 3.0 | 151 | FreeBSD 4.5 | | | | | | 152 | | \ | | | | BSD/OS 4.3 153 | FreeBSD 4.6 \ | | | OpenBSD 3.1 | 154 | | \ | | NetBSD 1.5.3 | | 155 | FreeBSD 4.6.2 Mac OS X | | | 156 | | 10.2 | | | 157 | FreeBSD 4.7 | | | | 158 | | | NetBSD 1.6 OpenBSD 3.2 | 159 | FreeBSD 4.8 | | | | | 160 | | | | NetBSD 1.6.1 | | 161 | |--------. | | | OpenBSD 3.3 BSD/OS 5.0 162 | | \ | | | | | 163 | FreeBSD 4.9 | | | | OpenBSD 3.4 BSD/OS 5.1 ISE 164 | | | | | | | 165 | | | | | NetBSD 1.6.2 | 166 | | | | | | | 167 | | | | | | OpenBSD 3.5 168 | | | | | v | 169 | FreeBSD 4.10 | | | | 170 | | | | | | 171 | FreeBSD 4.11 | | | | 172 | | | | | | 173 | v `-|------|-----------------|---------------------. 174 | | | | \ 175FreeBSD 5.0 | | | | 176 | | | | | 177FreeBSD 5.1 | | | DragonFly 1.0 178 | \ | | | | 179 | ----- Mac OS X | | | 180 | 10.3 | | | 181FreeBSD 5.2 | | | | 182 | | | | | | 183 | FreeBSD 5.2.1 | | | | 184 | | | | | 185 *---FreeBSD 5.3 | | | | 186 | | | | OpenBSD 3.6 | 187 | | | NetBSD 2.0 | | 188 | | | | | | | DragonFly 1.2.0 189 | | Mac OS X | | NetBSD 2.0.2 | | 190 | FreeBSD 5.4 10.4 | | | | | 191 | | | | | | OpenBSD 3.7 | 192 | V | | | NetBSD 2.0.3 | | 193 | | | | | | | 194 *---FreeBSD 6.0 | | | v OpenBSD 3.8 | 195 | | | | | | | 196 | V | | \ | | 197 | | | NetBSD 2.1 | | 198 | | | | | 199FreeBSD 7 -current | NetBSD -current OpenBSD -current | 200 | | | | | 201 v v v v v 202 203Time 204---------------- 205 206Time tolerance +/- 6 months, depending on which book/article you read; if it 207was the announcement in Usenet or if it was available as tape. 208 209[44B] McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, 210 and John Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of 211 the 4.4BSD Operating System. 212[APL] Apple website [http://www.apple.com/macosx/] 213[BSDI] Berkeley Software Design, Inc. 214[DFB] DragonFlyBSD Project, The. 215[DOC] README, COPYRIGHT on tape. 216[FBD] FreeBSD Project, The. 217[KB] Keith Bostic. BSD2.10 available from Usenix. comp.unix.sources, 218 Volume 11, Info 4, April, 1987. 219[KKK] Mike Karels, Kirk McKusick, and Keith Bostic. tahoe announcement. 220 comp.bugs.4bsd.ucb-fixes, June 15, 1988. 221[KSJ] Michael J. Karels, Carl F. Smith, and William F. Jolitz. 222 Changes in the Kernel in 2.9BSD. Second Berkeley Software 223 Distribution UNIX Version 2.9, July, 1983. 224[NBD] NetBSD Project, The. 225[OBD] OpenBSD Project, The. 226[QCU] Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. 227[SMS] Steven M. Schultz. 2.11BSD, UNIX for the PDP-11. 228[USE] Usenet announcement. 229[WRS] Wind River Systems, Inc. 230[dmr] Dennis Ritchie, via E-Mail 231 232Multics 1965 233UNIX Summer 1969 234 DEC PDP-7 235First Edition 1971-11-03 [QCU] 236 DEC PDP-11/20, Assembler 237Second Edition 1972-06-12 [QCU] 238 10 UNIX installations 239Third Edition 1973-02-xx [QCU] 240 Pipes, 16 installations 241Fourth Edition 1973-11-xx [QCU] 242 rewriting in C effected, 243 above 30 installations 244Fifth Edition 1974-06-xx [QCU] 245 above 50 installations 246Sixth Edition 1975-05-xx [QCU] 247 port to DEC Vax 248Seventh Edition 1979-01-xx [QCU] 249 first portable UNIX 250Eighth Edition 1985-02-xx [QCU] 251 VAX 11/750, VAX 11/780 [dmr] 252 descended from 4.1c BSD [dmr] 253 descended from 4.1 BSD [44B] 254 scooping-out and replacement of the character-device 255 and networking part by the streams mechanism 256 257Ninth Edition 1986-09-xx [QCU] 258Tenth Edition 1989-10-xx [QCU] 259 2601BSD late 1977 261 1978-03-09 [QCU] 262 PDP-11, Pascal, ex(1) 263 30 free copies of 1BSD sent out 264 35 tapes sold for 50 USD [QCU] 2652BSD mid 1978 [QCU] 266 75 2BSD tapes shipped 2672.7.9BSD ?? [SMS] 2682.8BSD 1981-07-xx [KSJ] 269 2702.8.1BSD 1982-01-xx [QCU] 271 set of performance improvements 2722.9BSD 1983-07-xx [KSJ] 2732.9.1BSD 1983-11-xx 2742.9BSD-Seismo 1985-08-xx [SMS] 2752.10BSD 1987-04-xx [KKK] 2762.10.1BSD 1989-01-xx [SMS] 2772.11BSD 1992-02-xx [SMS] 2782.11BSD rev #430 1999-12-13 [SMS] 279 28032V 1978-1[01]-xx [QCU] 2813BSD late 1979 [QCU] 282 virtual memory, page replacement, 283 demand paging 2844.0BSD 1980-10-xx 2854.1BSD 1981-07-08 [DOC] 2864.1aBSD 1982-04-xx 287 alpha release, 100 sites, networking [44B] 2884.1bBSD internal release, fast filesystem [44B] 2894.1cBSD late 1982 290 beta release, IPC [44B] 2914.2BSD 1983-09-xx [QCU] 292 1983-08-03 [DOC] 2934.3BSD 1986-06-xx [QCU] 294 1986-04-05 [KB], [DOC] 2954.3BSD Tahoe 1988-06-15 [QCU], [DOC] 2964.3BSD NET/1 1988-11-xx [QCU] 297 1989-01-01 [DOC] 2984.3BSD Reno 1990-06-29 [QCU], [DOC] 2994.3BSD NET/2 1991-06-28 [QCU], [DOC] 300 301BSD/386 ALPHA 1991-12-xx [BSDI] 302 first code released to people outside BSDI 303386BSD 0.0 1992-02-xx [DOC] 304BSD/386 0.3.1 1992-04-xx [BSDI] first ext. beta; B customers 305BSD/386 0.3.3 1992-06-xx [BSDI] first CDROM version 306386BSD 0.1 1992-07-28 [DOC] 3074.4BSD Alpha 1992-07-07 308BSD/386 0.9.3 1992-10-xx [BSDI] 309 first external gamma; G customers 310BSD/386 0.9.4 1992-12-xx [BSDI] 311 would have been 1.0 except for request 312 for preliminary injunction 313BSD/386 1.0 1993-03-xx [BSDI] 314 injunction denied; first official release 315NetBSD 0.8 1993-04-20 [NBD] 3164.4BSD 1993-06-01 [USE] 317NetBSD 0.9 1993-08-23 [NBD] 318FreeBSD 1.0 1993-11-01 [FBD] 319BSD/386 1.1 1994-02-xx [BSDI] 3204.4BSD Lite 1994-03-01 [USE] 321FreeBSD 1.1 1994-05-07 [FBD] 322FreeBSD 1.1.5 1994-06-30 [FBD] 323FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 1994-07-05 [FBD] 324 supersedes 1.1.5 5 days after release. 325NetBSD 1.0 1994-10-26 [NBD] 326386BSD 1.0 1994-11-12 [USE] 327FreeBSD 2.0 1994-11-23 [FBD] 328BSD/OS 2.0 1995-01-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite based 329FreeBSD 2.0.5 1995-06-10 [FBD] 330BSD/OS 2.0.1 1995-06-xx [BSDI] 3314.4BSD Lite Release 2 1995-06-xx [44B] 332 the true final distribution from the CSRG 333FreeBSD 2.1.0 1995-11-19 [FBD] 334NetBSD 1.1 1995-11-26 [NBD] 335BSD/OS 2.1 1996-01-xx [BSDI] 336FreeBSD 2.1.5 1996-07-14 [FBD] 337NetBSD 1.2 1996-10-04 [NBD] 338OpenBSD 2.0 1996-10-18 [OBD] 339FreeBSD 2.1.6 1996-11-16 [FBD] 340FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 1996-11-25 [FBD] (sendmail security release) 341Rhapsody 1997-xx-xx 342FreeBSD 2.1.7 1997-02-20 [FBD] 343BSD/OS 3.0 1997-02-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite2 based 344FreeBSD 2.2.0 1997-03-16 [FBD] 345FreeBSD 2.2.1 1997-03-25 [FBD] 346FreeBSD 2.2.2 1997-05-16 [FBD] 347NetBSD 1.2.1 1997-05-20 [NBD] (patch release) 348OpenBSD 2.1 1997-06-01 [OBD] 349FreeBSD 2.2.5 1997-10-22 [FBD] 350OpenBSD 2.2 1997-12-01 [OBD] 351NetBSD 1.3 1998-01-04 [NBD] 352FreeBSD 2.2.6 1998-03-25 [FBD] 353NetBSD 1.3.1 1998-03-09 [NBD] (patch release) 354BSD/OS 3.1 1998-03-xx [BSDI] 355OpenBSD 2.3 1998-05-19 [OBD] 356NetBSD 1.3.2 1998-05-29 [NBD] (patch release) 357FreeBSD 2.2.7 1998-07-22 [FBD] 358BSD/OS 4.0 1998-08-xx [BSDI] 359 2-lock MP support, ELF executables 360FreeBSD 3.0 1998-10-16 [FBD] 361 FreeBSD-3.0 is a snapshot from -current, 362 while 3.1 and 3.2 are from 3.x-stable which 363 was branched quite some time after 3.0-release 364FreeBSD 2.2.8 1998-11-29 [FBD] 365OpenBSD 2.4 1998-12-01 [OBD] 366NetBSD 1.3.3 1998-12-23 [NBD] (patch release) 367FreeBSD 3.1 1999-02-15 [FBD] 368BSD/OS 4.0.1 1999-03-xx [BSDI] 369NetBSD 1.4 1999-05-12 [NBD] 370FreeBSD 3.2 1999-05-17 [FBD] 371OpenBSD 2.5 1999-05-19 [OBD] 372NetBSD 1.4.1 1999-08-26 [NBD] (patch release) 373FreeBSD 3.3 1999-09-17 [FBD] 374OpenBSD 2.6 1999-12-01 [OBD] 375FreeBSD 3.4 1999-12-20 [FBD] 376BSD/OS 4.1 1999-12-xx [BSDI] 377FreeBSD 4.0 2000-03-13 [FBD] 378NetBSD 1.4.2 2000-03-19 [NBD] (patch release) 379OpenBSD 2.7 2000-06-15 [OBD] 380FreeBSD 3.5 2000-06-24 [FBD] 381FreeBSD 4.1 2000-07-27 [FBD] 382FreeBSD 3.5.1 2000-07-28 [FBD] 383FreeBSD 4.1.1 2000-09-25 [FBD] (a network-only patch release) 384FreeBSD 4.2 2000-11-21 [FBD] 385NetBSD 1.4.3 2000-11-25 [NBD] (patch release) 386BSD/OS 4.2 2000-11-29 [BSDI] 387OpenBSD 2.8 2000-12-01 [OBD] 388NetBSD 1.5 2000-12-06 [NBD] 389Mac OS X 10.0 2001-03-24 [APL] 390FreeBSD 4.3 2001-04-20 [FBD] 391OpenBSD 2.9 2001-06-01 [OBD] 392NetBSD 1.5.1 2001-07-11 [NBD] (patch release) 393NetBSD 1.5.2 2001-09-13 [NBD] (patch release) 394FreeBSD 4.4 2001-09-18 [FBD] 395Mac OS X 10.1 2001-09-29 [APL] 396OpenBSD 3.0 2001-12-01 [OBD] 397FreeBSD 4.5 2002-01-29 [FBD] 398BSD/OS 4.3 2002-03-14 [WRS] 399OpenBSD 3.1 2002-05-19 [OBD] 400FreeBSD 4.6 2002-06-15 [FBD] 401NetBSD 1.5.3 2002-07-22 [NBD] (patch release) 402FreeBSD 4.6.2 2002-08-15 [FBD] (patch release) 403Mac OS X 10.2 2002-08-23 [APL] 404NetBSD 1.6 2002-09-14 [NBD] 405FreeBSD 4.7 2002-10-08 [FBD] 406OpenBSD 3.2 2002-11-01 [OBD] 407FreeBSD 5.0 2003-01-17 [FBD] 408 FreeBSD 5.0 is a separate branch off of 409 -current, similar to 3.0. 410FreeBSD 4.8 2003-04-03 [FBD] 411NetBSD 1.6.1 2003-04-21 [NBD] (patch release) 412OpenBSD 3.3 2003-05-01 [OBD] 413BSD/OS 5.0 2003-05-?? [WRS] 414FreeBSD 5.1 2003-06-09 [FBD] 415Mac OS X 10.3 2003-10-24 [APL] 416FreeBSD 4.9 2003-10-28 [FBD] 417BSD/OS 5.1 ISE 2003-10-?? [WRS] (final version) 418OpenBSD 3.4 2003-11-01 [OBD] 419FreeBSD 5.2 2004-01-12 [FBD] 420FreeBSD 5.2.1 2004-02-22 [FBD] (patch release) 421NetBSD 1.6.2 2004-03-01 [NBD] (patch release) 422OpenBSD 3.5 2004-04-01 [OBD] 423FreeBSD 4.10 2004-05-27 [FBD] 424DragonFly 1.0 2004-07-12 [DFB] 425OpenBSD 3.6 2004-10-29 [OBD] 426FreeBSD 5.3 2004-11-06 [FBD] 427NetBSD 2.0 2004-12-09 [NBD] 428FreeBSD 4.11 2005-01-25 [FBD] 429DragonFly 1.2.0 2005-04-08 [DFB] 430NetBSD 2.0.2 2005-04-14 [NBD] (security/critical release) 431Mac OS X 10.4 2005-04-29 [APL] 432FreeBSD 5.4 2005-05-09 [FBD] 433OpenBSD 3.7 2005-05-19 [OBD] 434NetBSD 2.0.3 2005-10-31 [NBD] (security/critical release) 435OpenBSD 3.8 2005-11-01 [OBD] 436FreeBSD 6.0 2005-11-01 [FBD] 437NetBSD 2.1 2005-11-02 [NBD] 438 439Bibliography 440------------------------ 441 442Leffler, Samuel J., Marshall Kirk McKusick, Michael J Karels and John 443Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.3BSD UNIX Operating 444System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1989. ISBN 0-201-06196-1 445 446Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. Addison-Wesley Publishing 447Company, Inc., 1994. ISBN 0-201-54777-5 448 449McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, and John 450Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating 451System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1996. ISBN 0-201-54979-4 452 453McKusick, Marshall Kirk, George Neville-Neil. The Design and 454Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System. 455Addison-Wesley Professional, Published: Aug 2, 2004. ISBN 0-201-70245-2 456 457Doug McIlroy. Research Unix Reader. 458 459Michael G. Brown. The Role of BSD in the Development of Unix. 460Presented to the Tasmanian Unix Special Interest Group of the 461Australian Computer Society, Hobart, August 1993. 462 463Peter H. Salus. Unix at 25. Byte Magazine, October 1994. 464URL: http://www.byte.com/art/9410/sec8/art3.htm 465 466Andreas Klemm, Lars K�ller. If you're going to San Francisco ... 467Die freien BSD-Varianten von Unix. c't April 1997, page 368ff. 468 469BSD Release Announcements collection. 470URL: http://www.de.FreeBSD.org/de/ftp/releases/ 471 472BSD Hypertext Man Pages 473URL: http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi 474 475UNIX history graphing project 476URL: http://minnie.tuhs.org/Unix_History/index.html 477 478UNIX history 479URL: http://www.levenez.com/unix/ 480 481James Howard: The BSD Family Tree 482URL: http://www.daemonnews.org/200104/bsd_family.html 483("what are the differences between FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD?") 484 485 486Acknowledgments 487--------------- 488 489Josh Gilliam for suggestions, bug fixes, and finding very old 490original BSD announcements from Usenet or tapes. 491 492Steven M. Schultz for providing 2.8BSD, 2.10BSD, 2.11BSD manual pages. 493 494-- 495Copyright (c) 1997-2004 Wolfram Schneider <wosch@FreeBSD.ORG> 496URL: http://cvsweb.freebsd.org/src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree 497 498$FreeBSD: head/share/misc/bsd-family-tree 152004 2005-11-03 08:06:06Z maxim $ 499