lib/libkvm/kvm_proc.c

/*-
 * Copyright (c) 1989, 1992, 1993
 *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
 *
 * This code is derived from software developed by the Computer Systems
 * Engineering group at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory under DARPA contract
 * BG 91-66 and contributed to Berkeley.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
 *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
 *    without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

#if 0
#if defined(LIBC_SCCS) && !defined(lint)
static char sccsid[] = "@(#)kvm_proc.c	8.3 (Berkeley) 9/23/93";
#endif /* LIBC_SCCS and not lint */
#endif

#include <sys/cdefs.h>
__FBSDID("$FreeBSD: head/lib/libkvm/kvm_proc.c 217745 2011-01-23 11:08:36Z uqs $");

/*
 * Proc traversal interface for kvm.  ps and w are (probably) the exclusive
 * users of this code, so we've factored it out into a separate module.
 * Thus, we keep this grunge out of the other kvm applications (i.e.,
 * most other applications are interested only in open/close/read/nlist).
 */

#include <sys/param.h>
#define	_WANT_UCRED	/* make ucred.h give us 'struct ucred' */
#include <sys/ucred.h>
#include <sys/queue.h>
#include <sys/_lock.h>
#include <sys/_mutex.h>
#include <sys/_task.h>
#include <sys/cpuset.h>
#include <sys/user.h>
#include <sys/proc.h>
#define	_WANT_PRISON	/* make jail.h give us 'struct prison' */
#include <sys/jail.h>
#include <sys/exec.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/sysent.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/tty.h>
#include <sys/file.h>
#include <sys/conf.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <nlist.h>
#include <kvm.h>

#include <vm/vm.h>
#include <vm/vm_param.h>

#include <sys/sysctl.h>

#include <limits.h>
#include <memory.h>
#include <paths.h>

#include "kvm_private.h"

#define KREAD(kd, addr, obj) \
	(kvm_read(kd, addr, (char *)(obj), sizeof(*obj)) != sizeof(*obj))

static int ticks;
static int hz;
static uint64_t cpu_tick_frequency;

/*
 * From sys/kern/kern_tc.c. Depends on cpu_tick_frequency, which is
 * read/initialized before this function is ever called.
 */
static uint64_t
cputick2usec(uint64_t tick)
{

	if (cpu_tick_frequency == 0)
		return (0);
	if (tick > 18446744073709551)		/* floor(2^64 / 1000) */
		return (tick / (cpu_tick_frequency / 1000000));
	else if (tick > 18446744073709)	/* floor(2^64 / 1000000) */
		return ((tick * 1000) / (cpu_tick_frequency / 1000));
	else
		return ((tick * 1000000) / cpu_tick_frequency);
}

/*
 * Read proc's from memory file into buffer bp, which has space to hold
 * at most maxcnt procs.
 */
static int
kvm_proclist(kvm_t *kd, int what, int arg, struct proc *p,
    struct kinfo_proc *bp, int maxcnt)
{
	int cnt = 0;
	struct kinfo_proc kinfo_proc, *kp;
	struct pgrp pgrp;
	struct session sess;
	struct cdev t_cdev;
	struct tty tty;
	struct vmspace vmspace;
	struct sigacts sigacts;
#if 0
	struct pstats pstats;
#endif
	struct ucred ucred;
	struct prison pr;
	struct thread mtd;
	struct proc proc;
	struct proc pproc;
	struct sysentvec sysent;
	char svname[KI_EMULNAMELEN];

	kp = &kinfo_proc;
	kp->ki_structsize = sizeof(kinfo_proc);
	/*
	 * Loop on the processes. this is completely broken because we need to be
	 * able to loop on the threads and merge the ones that are the same process some how.
	 */
	for (; cnt < maxcnt && p != NULL; p = LIST_NEXT(&proc, p_list)) {
		memset(kp, 0, sizeof *kp);
		if (KREAD(kd, (u_long)p, &proc)) {
			_kvm_err(kd, kd->program, "can't read proc at %p", p);
			return (-1);
		}
		if (proc.p_state != PRS_ZOMBIE) {
			if (KREAD(kd, (u_long)TAILQ_FIRST(&proc.p_threads),
			    &mtd)) {
				_kvm_err(kd, kd->program,
				    "can't read thread at %p",
				    TAILQ_FIRST(&proc.p_threads));
				return (-1);
			}
		}
		if (KREAD(kd, (u_long)proc.p_ucred, &ucred) == 0) {
			kp->ki_ruid = ucred.cr_ruid;
			kp->ki_svuid = ucred.cr_svuid;
			kp->ki_rgid = ucred.cr_rgid;
			kp->ki_svgid = ucred.cr_svgid;
			kp->ki_cr_flags = ucred.cr_flags;
			if (ucred.cr_ngroups > KI_NGROUPS) {
				kp->ki_ngroups = KI_NGROUPS;
				kp->ki_cr_flags |= KI_CRF_GRP_OVERFLOW;
			} else
				kp->ki_ngroups = ucred.cr_ngroups;
			kvm_read(kd, (u_long)ucred.cr_groups, kp->ki_groups,
			    kp->ki_ngroups * sizeof(gid_t));
			kp->ki_uid = ucred.cr_uid;
			if (ucred.cr_prison != NULL) {
				if (KREAD(kd, (u_long)ucred.cr_prison, &pr)) {
					_kvm_err(kd, kd->program,
					    "can't read prison at %p",
					    ucred.cr_prison);
					return (-1);
				}
				kp->ki_jid = pr.pr_id;
			}
		}

		switch(what & ~KERN_PROC_INC_THREAD) {

		case KERN_PROC_GID:
			if (kp->ki_groups[0] != (gid_t)arg)
				continue;
			break;

		case KERN_PROC_PID:
			if (proc.p_pid != (pid_t)arg)
				continue;
			break;

		case KERN_PROC_RGID:
			if (kp->ki_rgid != (gid_t)arg)
				continue;
			break;

		case KERN_PROC_UID:
			if (kp->ki_uid != (uid_t)arg)
				continue;
			break;

		case KERN_PROC_RUID:
			if (kp->ki_ruid != (uid_t)arg)
				continue;
			break;
		}
		/*
		 * We're going to add another proc to the set.  If this
		 * will overflow the buffer, assume the reason is because
		 * nprocs (or the proc list) is corrupt and declare an error.
		 */
		if (cnt >= maxcnt) {
			_kvm_err(kd, kd->program, "nprocs corrupt");
			return (-1);
		}
		/*
		 * gather kinfo_proc
		 */
		kp->ki_paddr = p;
		kp->ki_addr = 0;	/* XXX uarea */
		/* kp->ki_kstack = proc.p_thread.td_kstack; XXXKSE */
		kp->ki_args = proc.p_args;
		kp->ki_tracep = proc.p_tracevp;
		kp->ki_textvp = proc.p_textvp;
		kp->ki_fd = proc.p_fd;
		kp->ki_vmspace = proc.p_vmspace;
		if (proc.p_sigacts != NULL) {
			if (KREAD(kd, (u_long)proc.p_sigacts, &sigacts)) {
				_kvm_err(kd, kd->program,
				    "can't read sigacts at %p", proc.p_sigacts);
				return (-1);
			}
			kp->ki_sigignore = sigacts.ps_sigignore;
			kp->ki_sigcatch = sigacts.ps_sigcatch;
		}
#if 0
		if ((proc.p_flag & P_INMEM) && proc.p_stats != NULL) {
			if (KREAD(kd, (u_long)proc.p_stats, &pstats)) {
				_kvm_err(kd, kd->program,
				    "can't read stats at %x", proc.p_stats);
				return (-1);
			}
			kp->ki_start = pstats.p_start;

			/*
			 * XXX: The times here are probably zero and need
			 * to be calculated from the raw data in p_rux and
			 * p_crux.
			 */
			kp->ki_rusage = pstats.p_ru;
			kp->ki_childstime = pstats.p_cru.ru_stime;
			kp->ki_childutime = pstats.p_cru.ru_utime;
			/* Some callers want child-times in a single value */
			timeradd(&kp->ki_childstime, &kp->ki_childutime,
			    &kp->ki_childtime);
		}
#endif
		if (proc.p_oppid)
			kp->ki_ppid = proc.p_oppid;
		else if (proc.p_pptr) {
			if (KREAD(kd, (u_long)proc.p_pptr, &pproc)) {
				_kvm_err(kd, kd->program,
				    "can't read pproc at %p", proc.p_pptr);
				return (-1);
			}
			kp->ki_ppid = pproc.p_pid;
		} else
			kp->ki_ppid = 0;
		if (proc.p_pgrp == NULL)
			goto nopgrp;
		if (KREAD(kd, (u_long)proc.p_pgrp, &pgrp)) {
			_kvm_err(kd, kd->program, "can't read pgrp at %p",
				 proc.p_pgrp);
			return (-1);
		}
		kp->ki_pgid = pgrp.pg_id;
		kp->ki_jobc = pgrp.pg_jobc;
		if (KREAD(kd, (u_long)pgrp.pg_session, &sess)) {
			_kvm_err(kd, kd->program, "can't read session at %p",
				pgrp.pg_session);
			return (-1);
		}
		kp->ki_sid = sess.s_sid;
		(void)memcpy(kp->ki_login, sess.s_login,
						sizeof(kp->ki_login));
		kp->ki_kiflag = sess.s_ttyvp ? KI_CTTY : 0;
		if (sess.s_leader == p)
			kp->ki_kiflag |= KI_SLEADER;
		if ((proc.p_flag & P_CONTROLT) && sess.s_ttyp != NULL) {
			if (KREAD(kd, (u_long)sess.s_ttyp, &tty)) {
				_kvm_err(kd, kd->program,
					 "can't read tty at %p", sess.s_ttyp);
				return (-1);
			}
			if (tty.t_dev != NULL) {
				if (KREAD(kd, (u_long)tty.t_dev, &t_cdev)) {
					_kvm_err(kd, kd->program,
						 "can't read cdev at %p",
						tty.t_dev);
					return (-1);
				}
#if 0
				kp->ki_tdev = t_cdev.si_udev;
#else
				kp->ki_tdev = NODEV;
#endif
			}
			if (tty.t_pgrp != NULL) {
				if (KREAD(kd, (u_long)tty.t_pgrp, &pgrp)) {
					_kvm_err(kd, kd->program,
						 "can't read tpgrp at %p",
						tty.t_pgrp);
					return (-1);
				}
				kp->ki_tpgid = pgrp.pg_id;
			} else
				kp->ki_tpgid = -1;
			if (tty.t_session != NULL) {
				if (KREAD(kd, (u_long)tty.t_session, &sess)) {
					_kvm_err(kd, kd->program,
					    "can't read session at %p",
					    tty.t_session);
					return (-1);
				}
				kp->ki_tsid = sess.s_sid;
			}
		} else {
nopgrp:
			kp->ki_tdev = NODEV;
		}
		if ((proc.p_state != PRS_ZOMBIE) && mtd.td_wmesg)
			(void)kvm_read(kd, (u_long)mtd.td_wmesg,
			    kp->ki_wmesg, WMESGLEN);

		(void)kvm_read(kd, (u_long)proc.p_vmspace,
		    (char *)&vmspace, sizeof(vmspace));
		kp->ki_size = vmspace.vm_map.size;
		/*
		 * Approximate the kernel's method of calculating
		 * this field.
		 */
#define		pmap_resident_count(pm) ((pm)->pm_stats.resident_count)
		kp->ki_rssize = pmap_resident_count(&vmspace.vm_pmap);
		kp->ki_swrss = vmspace.vm_swrss;
		kp->ki_tsize = vmspace.vm_tsize;
		kp->ki_dsize = vmspace.vm_dsize;
		kp->ki_ssize = vmspace.vm_ssize;

		switch (what & ~KERN_PROC_INC_THREAD) {

		case KERN_PROC_PGRP:
			if (kp->ki_pgid != (pid_t)arg)
				continue;
			break;

		case KERN_PROC_SESSION:
			if (kp->ki_sid != (pid_t)arg)
				continue;
			break;

		case KERN_PROC_TTY:
			if ((proc.p_flag & P_CONTROLT) == 0 ||
			     kp->ki_tdev != (dev_t)arg)
				continue;
			break;
		}
		if (proc.p_comm[0] != 0)
			strlcpy(kp->ki_comm, proc.p_comm, MAXCOMLEN);
		(void)kvm_read(kd, (u_long)proc.p_sysent, (char *)&sysent,
		    sizeof(sysent));
		(void)kvm_read(kd, (u_long)sysent.sv_name, (char *)&svname,
		    sizeof(svname));
		if (svname[0] != 0)
			strlcpy(kp->ki_emul, svname, KI_EMULNAMELEN);
		if ((proc.p_state != PRS_ZOMBIE) &&
		    (mtd.td_blocked != 0)) {
			kp->ki_kiflag |= KI_LOCKBLOCK;
			if (mtd.td_lockname)
				(void)kvm_read(kd,
				    (u_long)mtd.td_lockname,
				    kp->ki_lockname, LOCKNAMELEN);
			kp->ki_lockname[LOCKNAMELEN] = 0;
		}
		kp->ki_runtime = cputick2usec(proc.p_rux.rux_runtime);
		kp->ki_pid = proc.p_pid;
		kp->ki_siglist = proc.p_siglist;
		SIGSETOR(kp->ki_siglist, mtd.td_siglist);
		kp->ki_sigmask = mtd.td_sigmask;
		kp->ki_xstat = proc.p_xstat;
		kp->ki_acflag = proc.p_acflag;
		kp->ki_lock = proc.p_lock;
		if (proc.p_state != PRS_ZOMBIE) {
			kp->ki_swtime = (ticks - proc.p_swtick) / hz;
			kp->ki_flag = proc.p_flag;
			kp->ki_sflag = 0;
			kp->ki_nice = proc.p_nice;
			kp->ki_traceflag = proc.p_traceflag;
			if (proc.p_state == PRS_NORMAL) {
				if (TD_ON_RUNQ(&mtd) ||
				    TD_CAN_RUN(&mtd) ||
				    TD_IS_RUNNING(&mtd)) {
					kp->ki_stat = SRUN;
				} else if (mtd.td_state ==
				    TDS_INHIBITED) {
					if (P_SHOULDSTOP(&proc)) {
						kp->ki_stat = SSTOP;
					} else if (
					    TD_IS_SLEEPING(&mtd)) {
						kp->ki_stat = SSLEEP;
					} else if (TD_ON_LOCK(&mtd)) {
						kp->ki_stat = SLOCK;
					} else {
						kp->ki_stat = SWAIT;
					}
				}
			} else {
				kp->ki_stat = SIDL;
			}
			/* Stuff from the thread */
			kp->ki_pri.pri_level = mtd.td_priority;
			kp->ki_pri.pri_native = mtd.td_base_pri;
			kp->ki_lastcpu = mtd.td_lastcpu;
			kp->ki_wchan = mtd.td_wchan;
			if (mtd.td_name[0] != 0)
				strlcpy(kp->ki_ocomm, mtd.td_name, MAXCOMLEN);
			kp->ki_oncpu = mtd.td_oncpu;
			if (mtd.td_name[0] != '\0')
				strlcpy(kp->ki_ocomm, mtd.td_name, sizeof(kp->ki_ocomm));
			kp->ki_pctcpu = 0;
			kp->ki_rqindex = 0;
		} else {
			kp->ki_stat = SZOMB;
		}
		bcopy(&kinfo_proc, bp, sizeof(kinfo_proc));
		++bp;
		++cnt;
	}
	return (cnt);
}

/*
 * Build proc info array by reading in proc list from a crash dump.
 * Return number of procs read.  maxcnt is the max we will read.
 */
static int
kvm_deadprocs(kvm_t *kd, int what, int arg, u_long a_allproc,
    u_long a_zombproc, int maxcnt)
{
	struct kinfo_proc *bp = kd->procbase;
	int acnt, zcnt;
	struct proc *p;

	if (KREAD(kd, a_allproc, &p)) {
		_kvm_err(kd, kd->program, "cannot read allproc");
		return (-1);
	}
	acnt = kvm_proclist(kd, what, arg, p, bp, maxcnt);
	if (acnt < 0)
		return (acnt);

	if (KREAD(kd, a_zombproc, &p)) {
		_kvm_err(kd, kd->program, "cannot read zombproc");
		return (-1);
	}
	zcnt = kvm_proclist(kd, what, arg, p, bp + acnt, maxcnt - acnt);
	if (zcnt < 0)
		zcnt = 0;

	return (acnt + zcnt);
}

struct kinfo_proc *
kvm_getprocs(kvm_t *kd, int op, int arg, int *cnt)
{
	int mib[4], st, nprocs;
	size_t size;
	int temp_op;

	if (kd->procbase != 0) {
		free((void *)kd->procbase);
		/*
		 * Clear this pointer in case this call fails.  Otherwise,
		 * kvm_close() will free it again.
		 */
		kd->procbase = 0;
	}
	if (ISALIVE(kd)) {
		size = 0;
		mib[0] = CTL_KERN;
		mib[1] = KERN_PROC;
		mib[2] = op;
		mib[3] = arg;
		temp_op = op & ~KERN_PROC_INC_THREAD;
		st = sysctl(mib,
		    temp_op == KERN_PROC_ALL || temp_op == KERN_PROC_PROC ?
		    3 : 4, NULL, &size, NULL, 0);
		if (st == -1) {
			_kvm_syserr(kd, kd->program, "kvm_getprocs");
			return (0);
		}
		/*
		 * We can't continue with a size of 0 because we pass
		 * it to realloc() (via _kvm_realloc()), and passing 0
		 * to realloc() results in undefined behavior.
		 */
		if (size == 0) {
			/*
			 * XXX: We should probably return an invalid,
			 * but non-NULL, pointer here so any client
			 * program trying to dereference it will
			 * crash.  However, _kvm_freeprocs() calls
			 * free() on kd->procbase if it isn't NULL,
			 * and free()'ing a junk pointer isn't good.
			 * Then again, _kvm_freeprocs() isn't used
			 * anywhere . . .
			 */
			kd->procbase = _kvm_malloc(kd, 1);
			goto liveout;
		}
		do {
			size += size / 10;
			kd->procbase = (struct kinfo_proc *)
			    _kvm_realloc(kd, kd->procbase, size);
			if (kd->procbase == 0)
				return (0);
			st = sysctl(mib, temp_op == KERN_PROC_ALL ||
			    temp_op == KERN_PROC_PROC ? 3 : 4,
			    kd->procbase, &size, NULL, 0);
		} while (st == -1 && errno == ENOMEM);
		if (st == -1) {
			_kvm_syserr(kd, kd->program, "kvm_getprocs");
			return (0);
		}
		/*
		 * We have to check the size again because sysctl()
		 * may "round up" oldlenp if oldp is NULL; hence it
		 * might've told us that there was data to get when
		 * there really isn't any.
		 */
		if (size > 0 &&
		    kd->procbase->ki_structsize != sizeof(struct kinfo_proc)) {
			_kvm_err(kd, kd->program,
			    "kinfo_proc size mismatch (expected %zu, got %d)",
			    sizeof(struct kinfo_proc),
			    kd->procbase->ki_structsize);
			return (0);
		}
liveout:
		nprocs = size == 0 ? 0 : size / kd->procbase->ki_structsize;
	} else {
		struct nlist nl[7], *p;

		nl[0].n_name = "_nprocs";
		nl[1].n_name = "_allproc";
		nl[2].n_name = "_zombproc";
		nl[3].n_name = "_ticks";
		nl[4].n_name = "_hz";
		nl[5].n_name = "_cpu_tick_frequency";
		nl[6].n_name = 0;

		if (kvm_nlist(kd, nl) != 0) {
			for (p = nl; p->n_type != 0; ++p)
				;
			_kvm_err(kd, kd->program,
				 "%s: no such symbol", p->n_name);
			return (0);
		}
		if (KREAD(kd, nl[0].n_value, &nprocs)) {
			_kvm_err(kd, kd->program, "can't read nprocs");
			return (0);
		}
		if (KREAD(kd, nl[3].n_value, &ticks)) {
			_kvm_err(kd, kd->program, "can't read ticks");
			return (0);
		}
		if (KREAD(kd, nl[4].n_value, &hz)) {
			_kvm_err(kd, kd->program, "can't read hz");
			return (0);
		}
		if (KREAD(kd, nl[5].n_value, &cpu_tick_frequency)) {
			_kvm_err(kd, kd->program,
			    "can't read cpu_tick_frequency");
			return (0);
		}
		size = nprocs * sizeof(struct kinfo_proc);
		kd->procbase = (struct kinfo_proc *)_kvm_malloc(kd, size);
		if (kd->procbase == 0)
			return (0);

		nprocs = kvm_deadprocs(kd, op, arg, nl[1].n_value,
				      nl[2].n_value, nprocs);
#ifdef notdef
		size = nprocs * sizeof(struct kinfo_proc);
		(void)realloc(kd->procbase, size);
#endif
	}
	*cnt = nprocs;
	return (kd->procbase);
}

void
_kvm_freeprocs(kvm_t *kd)
{
	if (kd->procbase) {
		free(kd->procbase);
		kd->procbase = 0;
	}
}

void *
_kvm_realloc(kvm_t *kd, void *p, size_t n)
{
	void *np = (void *)realloc(p, n);

	if (np == 0) {
		free(p);
		_kvm_err(kd, kd->program, "out of memory");
	}
	return (np);
}

#ifndef MAX
#define MAX(a, b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
#endif

/*
 * Read in an argument vector from the user address space of process kp.
 * addr if the user-space base address of narg null-terminated contiguous
 * strings.  This is used to read in both the command arguments and
 * environment strings.  Read at most maxcnt characters of strings.
 */
static char **
kvm_argv(kvm_t *kd, const struct kinfo_proc *kp, u_long addr, int narg,
    int maxcnt)
{
	char *np, *cp, *ep, *ap;
	u_long oaddr = -1;
	int len, cc;
	char **argv;

	/*
	 * Check that there aren't an unreasonable number of arguments,
	 * and that the address is in user space.  Special test for
	 * VM_MIN_ADDRESS as it evaluates to zero, but is not a simple zero
	 * constant for some archs.  We cannot use the pre-processor here and
	 * for some archs the compiler would trigger a signedness warning.
	 */
	if (narg > 512 || addr + 1 < VM_MIN_ADDRESS + 1 || addr >= VM_MAXUSER_ADDRESS)
		return (0);

	/*
	 * kd->argv : work space for fetching the strings from the target
	 *            process's space, and is converted for returning to caller
	 */
	if (kd->argv == 0) {
		/*
		 * Try to avoid reallocs.
		 */
		kd->argc = MAX(narg + 1, 32);
		kd->argv = (char **)_kvm_malloc(kd, kd->argc *
						sizeof(*kd->argv));
		if (kd->argv == 0)
			return (0);
	} else if (narg + 1 > kd->argc) {
		kd->argc = MAX(2 * kd->argc, narg + 1);
		kd->argv = (char **)_kvm_realloc(kd, kd->argv, kd->argc *
						sizeof(*kd->argv));
		if (kd->argv == 0)
			return (0);
	}
	/*
	 * kd->argspc : returned to user, this is where the kd->argv
	 *              arrays are left pointing to the collected strings.
	 */
	if (kd->argspc == 0) {
		kd->argspc = (char *)_kvm_malloc(kd, PAGE_SIZE);
		if (kd->argspc == 0)
			return (0);
		kd->arglen = PAGE_SIZE;
	}
	/*
	 * kd->argbuf : used to pull in pages from the target process.
	 *              the strings are copied out of here.
	 */
	if (kd->argbuf == 0) {
		kd->argbuf = (char *)_kvm_malloc(kd, PAGE_SIZE);
		if (kd->argbuf == 0)
			return (0);
	}

	/* Pull in the target process'es argv vector */
	cc = sizeof(char *) * narg;
	if (kvm_uread(kd, kp, addr, (char *)kd->argv, cc) != cc)
		return (0);
	/*
	 * ap : saved start address of string we're working on in kd->argspc
	 * np : pointer to next place to write in kd->argspc
	 * len: length of data in kd->argspc
	 * argv: pointer to the argv vector that we are hunting around the
	 *       target process space for, and converting to addresses in
	 *       our address space (kd->argspc).
	 */
	ap = np = kd->argspc;
	argv = kd->argv;
	len = 0;
	/*
	 * Loop over pages, filling in the argument vector.
	 * Note that the argv strings could be pointing *anywhere* in
	 * the user address space and are no longer contiguous.
	 * Note that *argv is modified when we are going to fetch a string
	 * that crosses a page boundary.  We copy the next part of the string
	 * into to "np" and eventually convert the pointer.
	 */
	while (argv < kd->argv + narg && *argv != 0) {

		/* get the address that the current argv string is on */
		addr = (u_long)*argv & ~(PAGE_SIZE - 1);

		/* is it the same page as the last one? */
		if (addr != oaddr) {
			if (kvm_uread(kd, kp, addr, kd->argbuf, PAGE_SIZE) !=
			    PAGE_SIZE)
				return (0);
			oaddr = addr;
		}

		/* offset within the page... kd->argbuf */
		addr = (u_long)*argv & (PAGE_SIZE - 1);

		/* cp = start of string, cc = count of chars in this chunk */
		cp = kd->argbuf + addr;
		cc = PAGE_SIZE - addr;

		/* dont get more than asked for by user process */
		if (maxcnt > 0 && cc > maxcnt - len)
			cc = maxcnt - len;

		/* pointer to end of string if we found it in this page */
		ep = memchr(cp, '\0', cc);
		if (ep != 0)
			cc = ep - cp + 1;
		/*
		 * at this point, cc is the count of the chars that we are
		 * going to retrieve this time. we may or may not have found
		 * the end of it.  (ep points to the null if the end is known)
		 */

		/* will we exceed the malloc/realloced buffer? */
		if (len + cc > kd->arglen) {
			int off;
			char **pp;
			char *op = kd->argspc;

			kd->arglen *= 2;
			kd->argspc = (char *)_kvm_realloc(kd, kd->argspc,
							  kd->arglen);
			if (kd->argspc == 0)
				return (0);
			/*
			 * Adjust argv pointers in case realloc moved
			 * the string space.
			 */
			off = kd->argspc - op;
			for (pp = kd->argv; pp < argv; pp++)
				*pp += off;
			ap += off;
			np += off;
		}
		/* np = where to put the next part of the string in kd->argspc*/
		/* np is kinda redundant.. could use "kd->argspc + len" */
		memcpy(np, cp, cc);
		np += cc;	/* inc counters */
		len += cc;

		/*
		 * if end of string found, set the *argv pointer to the
		 * saved beginning of string, and advance. argv points to
		 * somewhere in kd->argv..  This is initially relative
		 * to the target process, but when we close it off, we set
		 * it to point in our address space.
		 */
		if (ep != 0) {
			*argv++ = ap;
			ap = np;
		} else {
			/* update the address relative to the target process */
			*argv += cc;
		}

		if (maxcnt > 0 && len >= maxcnt) {
			/*
			 * We're stopping prematurely.  Terminate the
			 * current string.
			 */
			if (ep == 0) {
				*np = '\0';
				*argv++ = ap;
			}
			break;
		}
	}
	/* Make sure argv is terminated. */
	*argv = 0;
	return (kd->argv);
}

static void
ps_str_a(struct ps_strings *p, u_long *addr, int *n)
{
	*addr = (u_long)p->ps_argvstr;
	*n = p->ps_nargvstr;
}

static void
ps_str_e (struct ps_strings *p, u_long *addr, int *n)
{
	*addr = (u_long)p->ps_envstr;
	*n = p->ps_nenvstr;
}

/*
 * Determine if the proc indicated by p is still active.
 * This test is not 100% foolproof in theory, but chances of
 * being wrong are very low.
 */
static int
proc_verify(const struct kinfo_proc *curkp)
{
	struct kinfo_proc newkp;
	int mib[4];
	size_t len;

	mib[0] = CTL_KERN;
	mib[1] = KERN_PROC;
	mib[2] = KERN_PROC_PID;
	mib[3] = curkp->ki_pid;
	len = sizeof(newkp);
	if (sysctl(mib, 4, &newkp, &len, NULL, 0) == -1)
		return (0);
	return (curkp->ki_pid == newkp.ki_pid &&
	    (newkp.ki_stat != SZOMB || curkp->ki_stat == SZOMB));
}

static char **
kvm_doargv(kvm_t *kd, const struct kinfo_proc *kp, int nchr,
    void (*info)(struct ps_strings *, u_long *, int *))
{
	char **ap;
	u_long addr;
	int cnt;
	static struct ps_strings arginfo;
	static u_long ps_strings;
	size_t len;

	if (ps_strings == 0) {
		len = sizeof(ps_strings);
		if (sysctlbyname("kern.ps_strings", &ps_strings, &len, NULL,
		    0) == -1)
			ps_strings = PS_STRINGS;
	}

	/*
	 * Pointers are stored at the top of the user stack.
	 */
	if (kp->ki_stat == SZOMB ||
	    kvm_uread(kd, kp, ps_strings, (char *)&arginfo,
		      sizeof(arginfo)) != sizeof(arginfo))
		return (0);

	(*info)(&arginfo, &addr, &cnt);
	if (cnt == 0)
		return (0);
	ap = kvm_argv(kd, kp, addr, cnt, nchr);
	/*
	 * For live kernels, make sure this process didn't go away.
	 */
	if (ap != 0 && ISALIVE(kd) && !proc_verify(kp))
		ap = 0;
	return (ap);
}

/*
 * Get the command args.  This code is now machine independent.
 */
char **
kvm_getargv(kvm_t *kd, const struct kinfo_proc *kp, int nchr)
{
	int oid[4];
	int i;
	size_t bufsz;
	static unsigned long buflen;
	static char *buf, *p;
	static char **bufp;
	static int argc;

	if (!ISALIVE(kd)) {
		_kvm_err(kd, kd->program,
		    "cannot read user space from dead kernel");
		return (0);
	}

	if (!buflen) {
		bufsz = sizeof(buflen);
		i = sysctlbyname("kern.ps_arg_cache_limit",
		    &buflen, &bufsz, NULL, 0);
		if (i == -1) {
			buflen = 0;
		} else {
			buf = malloc(buflen);
			if (buf == NULL)
				buflen = 0;
			argc = 32;
			bufp = malloc(sizeof(char *) * argc);
		}
	}
	if (buf != NULL) {
		oid[0] = CTL_KERN;
		oid[1] = KERN_PROC;
		oid[2] = KERN_PROC_ARGS;
		oid[3] = kp->ki_pid;
		bufsz = buflen;
		i = sysctl(oid, 4, buf, &bufsz, 0, 0);
		if (i == 0 && bufsz > 0) {
			i = 0;
			p = buf;
			do {
				bufp[i++] = p;
				p += strlen(p) + 1;
				if (i >= argc) {
					argc += argc;
					bufp = realloc(bufp,
					    sizeof(char *) * argc);
				}
			} while (p < buf + bufsz);
			bufp[i++] = 0;
			return (bufp);
		}
	}
	if (kp->ki_flag & P_SYSTEM)
		return (NULL);
	return (kvm_doargv(kd, kp, nchr, ps_str_a));
}

char **
kvm_getenvv(kvm_t *kd, const struct kinfo_proc *kp, int nchr)
{
	return (kvm_doargv(kd, kp, nchr, ps_str_e));
}

/*
 * Read from user space.  The user context is given by p.
 */
ssize_t
kvm_uread(kvm_t *kd, const struct kinfo_proc *kp, u_long uva, char *buf,
	size_t len)
{
	char *cp;
	char procfile[MAXPATHLEN];
	ssize_t amount;
	int fd;

	if (!ISALIVE(kd)) {
		_kvm_err(kd, kd->program,
		    "cannot read user space from dead kernel");
		return (0);
	}

	sprintf(procfile, "/proc/%d/mem", kp->ki_pid);
	fd = open(procfile, O_RDONLY, 0);
	if (fd < 0) {
		_kvm_err(kd, kd->program, "cannot open %s", procfile);
		return (0);
	}

	cp = buf;
	while (len > 0) {
		errno = 0;
		if (lseek(fd, (off_t)uva, 0) == -1 && errno != 0) {
			_kvm_err(kd, kd->program, "invalid address (%lx) in %s",
			    uva, procfile);
			break;
		}
		amount = read(fd, cp, len);
		if (amount < 0) {
			_kvm_syserr(kd, kd->program, "error reading %s",
			    procfile);
			break;
		}
		if (amount == 0) {
			_kvm_err(kd, kd->program, "EOF reading %s", procfile);
			break;
		}
		cp += amount;
		uva += amount;
		len -= amount;
	}

	close(fd);
	return ((ssize_t)(cp - buf));
}