1192886Sedwin# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 2192886Sedwin# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 364499Swollman 4309574Sglebius# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 52742Swollman# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 6309574Sglebius# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 7309574Sglebius# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 82742Swollman 9309574Sglebius# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31): 10309574Sglebius# 11309574Sglebius# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 12158421Swollman# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 13158421Swollman# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 14309574Sglebius# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 152742Swollman# 1686222Swollman# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 1720094Swollman# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 1820094Swollman# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 1920094Swollman# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 20309574Sglebius# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 21309574Sglebius# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 2220094Swollman# 23267477Sedwin# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 24267477Sedwin# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 25267477Sedwin# 26158421Swollman# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 27158421Swollman# entries through 1991, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 2820094Swollman# 2943543Swollman# Other sources occasionally used include: 302742Swollman# 3143543Swollman# Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 3243543Swollman# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), 3343543Swollman# which I found in the UCLA library. 3443543Swollman# 35121098Swollman# William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition 36267477Sedwin# <http://cs.ucla.edu/~eggert/The-Waste-of-Daylight-19th.pdf> 37267477Sedwin# [PDF] (1914-03) 38121098Swollman# 39248307Sedwin# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94 40248307Sedwin# <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. He writes: 41248307Sedwin# "It is requested that corrections and additions to these tables 42248307Sedwin# may be sent to Mr. John Milne, Royal Geographical Society, 43248307Sedwin# Savile Row, London." Nowadays please email them to tz@iana.org. 44248307Sedwin# 45309574Sglebius# Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919. 46309574Sglebius# This Russian-language source was consulted by Vladimir Karpinsky; see 47309574Sglebius# http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-August/021320.html 48309574Sglebius# The full Russian citation is: 49309574Sglebius# ��������������, �������������� ��������������������. ���������� �������� �������������� �� �������������� ���������� 50309574Sglebius# ������������������ ���������������� ������������ ���������������� �������������������� ������ �������� ������������ �� 1-���� 51309574Sglebius# �������� 1919 ��. / ������. 2-�� ������������������������������������ ����������������. - ������������������: 52309574Sglebius# �������������� ������. ������., 1919. 53309574Sglebius# http://resolver.gpntb.ru/purl?docushare/dsweb/Get/Resource-2011/Byalokoz__E.L.__Novyy__schet__vremeni__v__techenie__sutok__izd__2(1).pdf 54309574Sglebius# 55270817Spluknet# Brazil's Divis��o Servi��o da Hora (DSHO), 5643543Swollman# History of Summer Time 57270817Spluknet# <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm> 58270817Spluknet# (1998-09-21, in Portuguese) 5943543Swollman 6043543Swollman# 61257697Sedwin# I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table; 622742Swollman# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 6319878Swollman# Corrections are welcome! 64114173Swollman# std dst 2dst 65114173Swollman# LMT Local Mean Time 66114173Swollman# -4:00 AST ADT Atlantic 67114173Swollman# -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland* 68114173Swollman# -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland* 69114173Swollman# 0:00 GMT BST BDST Greenwich, British Summer 70114173Swollman# 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer 71114173Swollman# 0:00 WET WEST WEMT Western Europe 72114173Swollman# 0:19:32.13 AMT NST Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)* 73114173Swollman# 0:20 NET NEST Netherlands (1937-1940)* 74309574Sglebius# 1:00 BST British Standard (1968-1971) 75114173Swollman# 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe 76114173Swollman# 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)* 77114173Swollman# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe 78309574Sglebius# 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow 792742Swollman 80149514Swollman# From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04), 8114343Swollman# The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy, 829908Swollman# Luxembourg, the Netherlands. 839908Swollman# Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom. 849908Swollman# Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece. 859908Swollman# Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal. 869908Swollman# Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for 879908Swollman# entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8% 889908Swollman# on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous 899908Swollman# referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice. 909908Swollman# Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.) 919908Swollman# ... 9214343Swollman# Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT. 9314343Swollman# I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards. 949908Swollman# ... 959908Swollman# There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules]. 969908Swollman# A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact 979908Swollman# national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the 989908Swollman# different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed 999908Swollman# in the Directive. 1009908Swollman 10119878Swollman 1022742Swollman############################################################################### 1032742Swollman 10443014Swollman# Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire) 1052742Swollman 106149514Swollman# From Peter Ilieve (1994-07-06): 1072742Swollman# 1082742Swollman# On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about 1092742Swollman# historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo 1102742Swollman# and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph 1112742Swollman# of the text said: 1122742Swollman# 113257697Sedwin# 'An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands 11421217Swollman# beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude 1152742Swollman# was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed 1162742Swollman# this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They 1172742Swollman# made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament, 1182742Swollman# but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking 1192742Swollman# along the towpath within a few yards of it.' 1202742Swollman# 1212742Swollman# I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's 122270817Spluknet# position is 51 degrees 28' 30" N, 0 degrees 18' 45" W. The longitude should 1232742Swollman# be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761. 1242742Swollman# 1252742Swollman# [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.] 1262742Swollman 127149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18): 1282742Swollman# 1292742Swollman# Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time. 1302742Swollman# The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time, 1312742Swollman# and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country. 13258787Sru# The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828) 13358787Sru# and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903). 1342742Swollman# The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway 1352742Swollman# in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most 13658787Sru# (though not all) railways used London time. On 1847-09-22 the 1372742Swollman# Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be 13858787Sru# adopted at all stations as soon as the General Post Office permitted it. 13958787Sru# The transition occurred on 12-01 for the L&NW, the Caledonian, 14058787Sru# and presumably other railways; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists many 1412742Swollman# railways as using GMT. By 1855 the vast majority of public 14258787Sru# clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the great clock 14358787Sru# on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands, 1442742Swollman# one for local time and one for GMT). The last major holdout was the legal 1452742Swollman# system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading 1462742Swollman# to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13. 1472742Swollman# The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition 14858787Sru# of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02. 1492742Swollman# 1502742Swollman# In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single 15158787Sru# transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01. We don't know as much 15258787Sru# about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time. 1532742Swollman 154270817Spluknet# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-19): 155270817Spluknet# The ancients had no need for daylight saving, as they kept time 156270817Spluknet# informally or via hours whose length depended on the time of year. 157270817Spluknet# Daylight saving time in its modern sense was invented by the 158270817Spluknet# New Zealand entomologist George Vernon Hudson (1867-1946), 159270817Spluknet# whose day job as a postal clerk led him to value 160270817Spluknet# after-hours daylight in which to pursue his research. 161270817Spluknet# In 1895 he presented a paper to the Wellington Philosophical Society 162270817Spluknet# that proposed a two-hour daylight-saving shift. See: 163270817Spluknet# Hudson GV. On seasonal time-adjustment in countries south of lat. 30 deg. 164270817Spluknet# Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 1895;28:734 165270817Spluknet# http://rsnz.natlib.govt.nz/volume/rsnz_28/rsnz_28_00_006110.html 166270817Spluknet# Although some interest was expressed in New Zealand, his proposal 167270817Spluknet# did not find its way into law and eventually it was almost forgotten. 168270817Spluknet# 169270817Spluknet# In England, DST was independently reinvented by William Willett (1857-1915), 17043543Swollman# a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society 171257697Sedwin# who circulated a pamphlet "The Waste of Daylight" (1907) 17217200Swollman# that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April, 17317200Swollman# and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September. 17417200Swollman# A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times, 17517200Swollman# but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests. 176121098Swollman# Later editions of the pamphlet proposed one-hour summer time, and 177121098Swollman# it was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916. 178121098Swollman# See: Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18). 179121098Swollman# A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in 180136638Swollman# a 45-acre wood near Chislehurst, Kent that was purchased by popular 181121098Swollman# subscription and open to the public. On the south face of the monolith, 182270817Spluknet# designed by G. W. Miller, is the William Willett Memorial Sundial, 183121098Swollman# which is permanently set to Summer Time. 18417200Swollman 185121098Swollman# From Winston Churchill (1934-04-28): 186121098Swollman# It is one of the paradoxes of history that we should owe the boon of 187121098Swollman# summer time, which gives every year to the people of this country 188121098Swollman# between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which 189121098Swollman# plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the 190121098Swollman# foundations of civilization throughout the world. 191309574Sglebius# -- "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly; 192309574Sglebius# republished in Finest Hour (Spring 2002) 1(114):26 193309574Sglebius# http://www.winstonchurchill.org/images/finesthour/Vol.01%20No.114.pdf 194121098Swollman 195309574Sglebius# From Paul Eggert (2015-08-08): 196257697Sedwin# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said "Daylight Saving" 19719878Swollman# when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this 19819878Swollman# term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the 199257697Sedwin# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using "Summer". 200309574Sglebius# The term "Summer Time" was introduced by Herbert Samuel, Home Secretary; see: 201309574Sglebius# Viscount Samuel. Leisure in a Democracy. Cambridge University Press 202309574Sglebius# ISBN 978-1-107-49471-8 (1949, reissued 2015), p 8. 20319878Swollman 20419878Swollman# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19): 2052742Swollman# A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's 2062742Swollman# known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom. 2072742Swollman 2082742Swollman# Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed) 209149514Swollman# From: Jonathan Leffler 2102742Swollman# [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament. 2112742Swollman# If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in 2122742Swollman# politics making a fortune, not computing. 2132742Swollman 214149514Swollman# From Chris Carrier (1996-06-14): 21543014Swollman# I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the 21643014Swollman# acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time. Look for the published 21743014Swollman# time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and 21843014Swollman# if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T." 21943014Swollman 22058787Sru# From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02): 22158787Sru# ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the 22258787Sru# main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516) 22358787Sru# agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945). 2242742Swollman 22575267Swollman# From Joseph S. Myers (2000-10-03): 22667578Swollman# On 18th April 1941, Sir Stephen Tallents of the BBC wrote to Sir 22767578Swollman# Alexander Maxwell of the Home Office asking whether there was any 22867578Swollman# official designation; the reply of the 21st was that there wasn't 22967578Swollman# but he couldn't think of anything better than the "Double British 23067578Swollman# Summer Time" that the BBC had been using informally. 231309574Sglebius# http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/bbc-19410418.png 232309574Sglebius# http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/ho-19410421.png 23358787Sru 23467578Swollman# From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21): 23567578Swollman# [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time 23667578Swollman# which is to be introduced in May.... 23767578Swollman# I cannot think of anything better than "Double British Summer Time" 23867578Swollman# which could not be said to run counter to any official description. 23967578Swollman 24067578Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02): 241257697Sedwin# Howse writes (p 157) 'DBST' too, but 'BDST' seems to have been common 24267578Swollman# and follows the more usual convention of putting the location name first, 243257697Sedwin# so we use 'BDST'. 24467578Swollman 245149514Swollman# Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19) described at length 24658787Sru# the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom. 247149514Swollman# Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating 24858787Sru# and extending this list, which can be found in 249233445Sedwin# http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/ 25058787Sru 251149514Swollman# From Joseph S. Myers (1998-01-06): 25243014Swollman# 25343014Swollman# The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC; 25443014Swollman# see Lord Tanlaw's speech 255309574Sglebius# http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199798/ldhansrd/vo970611/text/70611-10.htm#70611-10_head0 256270817Spluknet# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976). 2572742Swollman 258158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 2592742Swollman# 260158421Swollman# For lack of other data, follow Shanks & Pottenger for Eire in 1940-1948. 2612742Swollman# 262158421Swollman# Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks & Pottenger 263158421Swollman# are incorrect: 26430711Swollman# * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until 2652742Swollman# 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain. 2662742Swollman# Actually, Wales was identical after 1880. 2672742Swollman# * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1. 2682742Swollman# It actually just had one transition. 26930711Swollman# * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II. 2702742Swollman# Actually, it conformed to Britain. 27117200Swollman# * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18. 27217200Swollman# Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time. 27317200Swollman# Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change). 2742742Swollman# 275158421Swollman# Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks & Pottenger: 2762742Swollman# * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT 27730711Swollman# to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to 2782742Swollman# conform with Great Britain. 27958787Sru# S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise. 28058787Sru# 281158421Swollman# The following claim by Shanks & Pottenger is possible though doubtful; 28258787Sru# we'll ignore it for now. 28317200Swollman# * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00. 2842742Swollman# 28517200Swollman# 286158421Swollman# Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than 287158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger. 28886222Swollman# Perhaps this was Dunsink Observatory Time, as Dunsink Observatory 28986222Swollman# (8 km NW of Dublin's center) seemingly was to Dublin as Greenwich was 29086222Swollman# to London. For example: 29186222Swollman# 29286222Swollman# "Timeball on the ballast office is down. Dunsink time." 29386222Swollman# -- James Joyce, Ulysses 2942742Swollman 295309574Sglebius# "Countess Markievicz ... claimed that the [1916] abolition of Dublin Mean Time 296309574Sglebius# was among various actions undertaken by the 'English' government that 297309574Sglebius# would 'put the whole country into the SF (Sinn F��in) camp'. She claimed 298309574Sglebius# Irish 'public feeling (was) outraged by forcing of English time on us'." 299309574Sglebius# -- Parsons M. Dublin lost its time zone - and 25 minutes - after 1916 Rising. 300309574Sglebius# Irish Times 2014-10-27. 301309574Sglebius# http://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/dublin-lost-its-time-zone-and-25-minutes-after-1916-rising-1.1977411 302309574Sglebius 303149514Swollman# From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26): 304270817Spluknet# Irish laws are available online at <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie>. 305270817Spluknet# These include various relating to legal time, for example: 306169811Swollman# 307149514Swollman# ZZA13Y1923.html ZZA12Y1924.html ZZA8Y1925.html ZZSIV20PG1267.html 308169811Swollman# 309149514Swollman# ZZSI71Y1947.html ZZSI128Y1948.html ZZSI23Y1949.html ZZSI41Y1950.html 310149514Swollman# ZZSI27Y1951.html ZZSI73Y1952.html 311169811Swollman# 312149514Swollman# ZZSI11Y1961.html ZZSI232Y1961.html ZZSI182Y1962.html 313149514Swollman# ZZSI167Y1963.html ZZSI257Y1964.html ZZSI198Y1967.html 314149514Swollman# ZZA23Y1968.html ZZA17Y1971.html 315169811Swollman# 316149514Swollman# ZZSI67Y1981.html ZZSI212Y1982.html ZZSI45Y1986.html 317149514Swollman# ZZSI264Y1988.html ZZSI52Y1990.html ZZSI371Y1992.html 318149514Swollman# ZZSI395Y1994.html ZZSI484Y1997.html ZZSI506Y2001.html 319149514Swollman# 320149514Swollman# [These are all relative to the root, e.g., the first is 321149514Swollman# <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/ZZA13Y1923.html>.] 322169811Swollman# 323169811Swollman# (These are those I found, but there could be more. In any case these 324169811Swollman# should allow various updates to the comments in the europe file to cover 325149514Swollman# the laws applicable in Ireland.) 326169811Swollman# 327169811Swollman# (Note that the time in the Republic of Ireland since 1968 has been defined 328169811Swollman# in terms of standard time being GMT+1 with a period of winter time when it 329169811Swollman# is GMT, rather than standard time being GMT with a period of summer time 330149514Swollman# being GMT+1.) 331149514Swollman 33258787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28): 33358787Sru# Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31) 33458787Sru# reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time 33558787Sru# (CT), equivalent to French civil time. 33658787Sru# Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that 33758787Sru# trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door) 33858787Sru# and Frethun run in CT. 33958787Sru# My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities, 34058787Sru# the French concession operators and the British civil authorities, 34158787Sru# and that the time depends on who you're talking to. 34258787Sru# If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason, 34358787Sru# I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST. 34458787Sru# This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST. 34558787Sru 34617200Swollman# From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02): 34717200Swollman# The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94, 348309574Sglebius# which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive No. 94/21/EC. 34917200Swollman# Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate 35017200Swollman# regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of 35117200Swollman# Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is 35217200Swollman# "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST". 35317200Swollman 3542742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 35543014Swollman# Summer Time Act, 1916 3562742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST 3572742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT 35843014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358 3592742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST 3602742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT 36143014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274 3622742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST 3632742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT 36443014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297 3652742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST 3662742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT 36743014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458 3682742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST 36943014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844 3702742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT 37143014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363 3722742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST 3732742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT 37443014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264 3752742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST 37658787SruRule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT 37743014Swollman# The Summer Time Act, 1922 3782742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 3792742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT 38043014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 3812742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1925 1926 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 38243014Swollman# The Summer Time Act, 1925 3832742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 38443014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 3852742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 38643014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 3872742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1931 1932 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 38843014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 3892742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1934 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 39043014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 3912742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 39243014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 3932742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1939 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 39443014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379 39543014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT 39643014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 and No. 1883 39743014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb Sun>=23 2:00s 1:00 BST 39843014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476 39919878SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 4002742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST 40143014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506 40219878SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 40343014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932 4042742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST 40543014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312 40643014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr Mon>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 40743014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST 40843014Swollman# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208 40943014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1945 1946 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 41043014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 41143014Swollman# The Summer Time Act, 1947 4122742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST 41319878SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 BDST 4142742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST 4152742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT 41643014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495) 4172742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST 41843014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1948 only - Oct 31 2:00s 0 GMT 41943014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373) 4202742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST 42143014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1949 only - Oct 30 2:00s 0 GMT 42243014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518) 42343014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430) 42443014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451) 42543014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST 4262742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00s 0 GMT 42743014Swollman# revert to the rules of the Summer Time Act, 1925 42843014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1953 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 42943014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 43043014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 4312742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1955 1956 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 43243014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1957 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 4332742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1958 1959 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 43443014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 43543014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71) 43643014Swollman# Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465) 43743014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81) 4382742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 BST 43943014SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1961 1968 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT 44043014Swollman# Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101) 44143014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201) 44243014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148) 4432742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2:00s 1:00 BST 44443014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117) 44517200SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 2:00s 1:00 BST 44643014Swollman# The British Standard Time Act, 1968 44743014Swollman# (no summer time) 44843014Swollman# The Summer Time Act, 1972 4492742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 4502742SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT 45143014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089) 45243014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673) 45343014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223) 45443014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931) 4559908SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST 4569908SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT 45743014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985) 45843014Swollman# Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729) 45943014Swollman# Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798) 4609908SwollmanRule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT 46143014Swollman# Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982) 46217200Swollman# See EU for rules starting in 1996. 463257697Sedwin# 464257697Sedwin# Use Europe/London for Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man. 4652742Swollman 4662742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 467309574SglebiusZone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 0:00s 46817200Swollman 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 469309574Sglebius 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 4709908Swollman 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 47117200Swollman 0:00 EU GMT/BST 472163302SruLink Europe/London Europe/Jersey 473163302SruLink Europe/London Europe/Guernsey 474163302SruLink Europe/London Europe/Isle_of_Man 475309574Sglebius 476309574Sglebius# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 47786222SwollmanZone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 478309574Sglebius -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 479309574Sglebius -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s 48019878Swollman 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence 481309574Sglebius 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00 482309574Sglebius 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00 483309574Sglebius 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00 484309574Sglebius 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00 485309574Sglebius 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00 48617200Swollman 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27 487309574Sglebius 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 48817200Swollman 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996 48917200Swollman 0:00 EU GMT/IST 4902742Swollman 4912742Swollman############################################################################### 4922742Swollman 493171948Sedwin# Europe 4942742Swollman 49517200Swollman# EU rules are for the European Union, previously known as the EC, EEC, 49617200Swollman# Common Market, etc. 4979908Swollman 4989908Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 49919878SwollmanRule EU 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 S 50017200SwollmanRule EU 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 50117200SwollmanRule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 - 50217200SwollmanRule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 50319878SwollmanRule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S 50417200SwollmanRule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - 50575267Swollman# The most recent directive covers the years starting in 2002. See: 50675267Swollman# Directive 2000/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council 50775267Swollman# of 19 January 2001 on summer-time arrangements. 508309574Sglebius# http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0084:EN:NOT 5099908Swollman 51017200Swollman# W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time. 51119878SwollmanRule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 5122742SwollmanRule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 5132742SwollmanRule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 - 5149908SwollmanRule W-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 51519878SwollmanRule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 5169908SwollmanRule W-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 - 5172742Swollman 51819878Swollman# Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables. 51919878Swollman# From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time. 52019878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S 52119878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 52219878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 52319878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - 52419878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 S 52519878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 - 52619878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S 52719878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 - 528181421SedwinRule C-Eur 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 529158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 53019878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 - 531270817Spluknet# From Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2008-07-13): 532181424Sedwin# 533181424Sedwin# I found what is probably a typo of 2:00 which should perhaps be 2:00s 534181424Sedwin# in the C-Eur rule from tz database version 2008d (this part was 535270817Spluknet# corrected in version 2008d). The circumstantial evidence is simply the 536181424Sedwin# tz database itself, as seen below: 537181424Sedwin# 538181424Sedwin# Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 539181424Sedwin# 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 540181424Sedwin# 541181424Sedwin# Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 542309574Sglebius# 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 543181424Sedwin# 544181424Sedwin# Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 545181424Sedwin# 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 546181424Sedwin# 547181424Sedwin# Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - 548181424Sedwin# Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 549181424Sedwin# Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 550181424Sedwin# 551181424Sedwin# The rule line to be changed is: 552181424Sedwin# 553181424Sedwin# Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 - 554181424Sedwin# 555181424Sedwin# It seems that Paris, Monaco, Rule France, Rule Belgium all agree on 556181424Sedwin# 2:00 standard time, e.g. 3:00 local time. However there are no 557181424Sedwin# countries that use C-Eur rules in September 1945, so the only items 558253009Sedwin# affected are apparently these fictitious zones that translate acronyms 559181424Sedwin# CET and MET: 560181424Sedwin# 561181424Sedwin# Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 562181424Sedwin# Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT 563181424Sedwin# 564181424Sedwin# It this is right then the corrected version would look like: 565181424Sedwin# 566181424Sedwin# Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 567181424Sedwin# 568181424Sedwin# A small step for mankind though 8-) 569181424SedwinRule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 57019878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 57119878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 57219878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - 57319878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 57419878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 57519878SwollmanRule C-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 5762742Swollman 57720094Swollman# E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time. 57820094SwollmanRule E-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 57920094SwollmanRule E-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 58020094SwollmanRule E-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 58120094SwollmanRule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 58220094SwollmanRule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 58320094SwollmanRule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 58420094Swollman 585309574Sglebius 586309574Sglebius# Daylight saving time for Russia and the Soviet Union 587309574Sglebius# 588309574Sglebius# The 1917-1921 decree URLs are from Alexander Belopolsky (2016-08-23). 589309574Sglebius 5902742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 591309574SglebiusRule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time 592309574Sglebius# 593309574Sglebius# Decree No. 142 (1917-12-22) http://istmat.info/node/28137 594309574SglebiusRule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time 595309574Sglebius# 596309574Sglebius# Decree No. 497 (1918-05-30) http://istmat.info/node/30001 597309574SglebiusRule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time 59858787SruRule Russia 1918 only - Sep 16 1:00 1:00 MST 599309574Sglebius# 600309574Sglebius# Decree No. 258 (1919-05-29) http://istmat.info/node/37949 60120094SwollmanRule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST 602309574Sglebius# 603309574SglebiusRule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 0:00u 1:00 MSD 604267477SedwinRule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 MSK 605309574Sglebius# 606309574Sglebius# Decree No. 63 (1921-02-03) http://istmat.info/node/45840 607267477SedwinRule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 MSD 608309574Sglebius# 609309574Sglebius# Decree No. 121 (1921-03-07) http://istmat.info/node/45949 610309574SglebiusRule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 +05 611309574Sglebius# 612267477SedwinRule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 MSD 61320094SwollmanRule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 614309574Sglebius# Act No. 925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24): 61520094SwollmanRule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 61620094SwollmanRule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 617309574Sglebius# Act No. 967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in 618309574Sglebius# Act No. 227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14): 619309574SglebiusRule Russia 1984 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 620309574SglebiusRule Russia 1985 2010 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 62143014Swollman# 622226289SedwinRule Russia 1996 2010 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 623309574Sglebius# As described below, Russia's 2014 change affects Zone data, not Rule data. 6242742Swollman 625309574Sglebius# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07): 626309574Sglebius# Wikipedia and other sources refer to the Act of the Council of 627309574Sglebius# Ministers of the USSR from 1988-01-04 No. 5 and the Act of the 628309574Sglebius# Council of Ministers of the USSR from 1989-03-14 No. 227. 629309574Sglebius# 630309574Sglebius# I did not find full texts of these acts. For the 1989 one we have 631309574Sglebius# title at http://base.garant.ru/70754136/ : 632309574Sglebius# "About change in calculation of time on the territories of 633309574Sglebius# Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR and Estonian SSR, Astrakhan, 634309574Sglebius# Kaliningrad, Kirov, Kuybyshev, Ulyanovsk and Uralsk oblasts". 635309574Sglebius# And http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt appears to 636309574Sglebius# contain quotes from both acts: Since last Sunday of March 1988 rules 637309574Sglebius# of the second time belt are installed in Volgograd and Saratov 638309574Sglebius# oblasts. Since last Sunday of March 1989: 639309574Sglebius# a) Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, Estonian SSR, Kaliningrad oblast: 640309574Sglebius# second time belt rules without extra hour (Moscow-1); 641309574Sglebius# b) Astrakhan, Kirov, Kuybyshev, Ulyanovsk oblasts: second time belt 642309574Sglebius# rules (Moscow time) 643309574Sglebius# c) Uralsk oblast: third time belt rules (Moscow+1). 644309574Sglebius 645309574Sglebius# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-27): 646309574Sglebius# Unamended version of the act of the 647309574Sglebius# Government of the Russian Federation No. 23 from 08.01.1992 648309574Sglebius# http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102014034&rdk=0 649309574Sglebius# says that every year clocks were to be moved forward on last Sunday 650309574Sglebius# of March at 2 hours and moved backwards on last Sunday of September 651309574Sglebius# at 3 hours. It was amended in 1996 to replace September with October. 652309574Sglebius 653223629Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-06-14): 654223629Sedwin# According to Kremlin press service, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev 655223629Sedwin# signed a federal law "On calculation of time" on June 9, 2011. 656223629Sedwin# According to the law Russia is abolishing daylight saving time. 657240457Sedwin# 658240457Sedwin# Medvedev signed a law "On the Calculation of Time" (in russian): 659223629Sedwin# http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583 660240457Sedwin# 661223629Sedwin# Medvedev signed a law on the calculation of the time (in russian): 662223629Sedwin# http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html 663223629Sedwin 664223629Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15): 665223629Sedwin# Take "abolishing daylight saving time" to mean that time is now considered 666223629Sedwin# to be standard. 667223629Sedwin 6682742Swollman# These are for backward compatibility with older versions. 6692742Swollman 6702742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 67119878SwollmanZone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT 67219878SwollmanZone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 67319878SwollmanZone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT 67419878SwollmanZone EET 2:00 EU EE%sT 6752742Swollman 67619878Swollman# Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST 67719878Swollman# for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage. 6782742Swollman 679149514Swollman# From Markus Kuhn (1996-07-12): 68019878Swollman# The official German names ... are 68119878Swollman# 682270817Spluknet# Mitteleurop��ische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00 683270817Spluknet# Mitteleurop��ische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00 68419878Swollman# 685270817Spluknet# as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz ��ber die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG), 68619878Swollman# 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111).... 68719878Swollman# I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution 68819878Swollman# 68919878Swollman# Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) 69019878Swollman# Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit" 69119878Swollman# Postfach 3345 69219878Swollman# D-38023 Braunschweig 69319878Swollman# phone: +49 531 592-0 69419878Swollman# 69519878Swollman# ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB 69619878Swollman# department for time and frequency transmission. He explained that the 69719878Swollman# PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as 69819878Swollman# 69919878Swollman# Central European Time (CET) = UTC+01:00 70019878Swollman# Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00 7012742Swollman 70219878Swollman 7032742Swollman# Albania 7042742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 70519878SwollmanRule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 S 7062742SwollmanRule Albania 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 70719878SwollmanRule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 7082742SwollmanRule Albania 1943 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 - 70919878SwollmanRule Albania 1974 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S 7102742SwollmanRule Albania 1974 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 71119878SwollmanRule Albania 1975 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 7122742SwollmanRule Albania 1975 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 71319878SwollmanRule Albania 1976 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 7142742SwollmanRule Albania 1976 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 71519878SwollmanRule Albania 1977 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S 7162742SwollmanRule Albania 1977 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 71719878SwollmanRule Albania 1978 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 7182742SwollmanRule Albania 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 71919878SwollmanRule Albania 1979 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 S 7202742SwollmanRule Albania 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 72119878SwollmanRule Albania 1980 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 S 7222742SwollmanRule Albania 1980 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 72319878SwollmanRule Albania 1981 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 S 7242742SwollmanRule Albania 1981 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - 72519878SwollmanRule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 7262742SwollmanRule Albania 1982 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 72719878SwollmanRule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S 7282742SwollmanRule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 72919878SwollmanRule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 7302742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 7312742SwollmanZone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914 73219878Swollman 1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16 73330711Swollman 1:00 Albania CE%sT 1984 Jul 73420094Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 7352742Swollman 7362742Swollman# Andorra 7372742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 7382742SwollmanZone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901 7392742Swollman 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30 740309574Sglebius 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00 74119878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 7422742Swollman 7432742Swollman# Austria 744114173Swollman 745248307Sedwin# Milne says Vienna time was 1:05:21. 746248307Sedwin 747158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): Shanks & Pottenger give 1918-06-16 and 748114173Swollman# 1945-11-18, but the Austrian Federal Office of Metrology and 749114173Swollman# Surveying (BEV) gives 1918-09-16 and for Vienna gives the "alleged" 750114173Swollman# date of 1945-04-12 with no time. For the 1980-04-06 transition 751158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger give 02:00, the BEV 00:00. Go with the BEV, 752158421Swollman# and guess 02:00 for 1945-04-12. 753114173Swollman 7542742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 75519878SwollmanRule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 S 7562742SwollmanRule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 - 75719878SwollmanRule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S 7582742SwollmanRule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 75919878SwollmanRule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S 76019878SwollmanRule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 761114173SwollmanRule Austria 1980 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 762114173SwollmanRule Austria 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 7632742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 764248307SedwinZone Europe/Vienna 1:05:21 - LMT 1893 Apr 765114173Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1920 766309574Sglebius 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00s 767309574Sglebius 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s 768309574Sglebius 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Apr 12 2:00s 769114173Swollman 1:00 - CET 1946 77019878Swollman 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981 77119878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 7722742Swollman 7732742Swollman# Belarus 774309574Sglebius# 775309574Sglebius# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-07-02): 776309574Sglebius# http://www.lawbelarus.com/repub/sub30/texf9611.htm 777309574Sglebius# (Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus from 778309574Sglebius# 1992-03-25 No. 157) ... says clocks were to be moved forward at 2:00 779309574Sglebius# on last Sunday of March and backward at 3:00 on last Sunday of September 780309574Sglebius# (the same as previous USSR and contemporary Russian regulations). 781309574Sglebius# 782226289Sedwin# From Yauhen Kharuzhy (2011-09-16): 783226289Sedwin# By latest Belarus government act Europe/Minsk timezone was changed to 784226289Sedwin# GMT+3 without DST (was GMT+2 with DST). 785226289Sedwin# 786226289Sedwin# Sources (Russian language): 787226289Sedwin# http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html 788226289Sedwin# http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/ 789226289Sedwin# http://news.tut.by/society/250578.html 790309574Sglebius# 791309574Sglebius# From Alexander Bokovoy (2014-10-09): 792309574Sglebius# Belarussian government decided against changing to winter time.... 793309574Sglebius# http://eng.belta.by/all_news/society/Belarus-decides-against-adjusting-time-in-Russias-wake_i_76335.html 794309574Sglebius# 7952742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 7962742SwollmanZone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880 797309574Sglebius 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time 7982742Swollman 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 79943014Swollman 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 28 80043014Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 3 80158787Sru 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 802309574Sglebius 3:00 - MSK 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 803309574Sglebius 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 804309574Sglebius 3:00 - +03 8052742Swollman 8062742Swollman# Belgium 80730711Swollman# 80830711Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02): 80930711Swollman# Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from: 81030711Swollman# Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique, 811270817Spluknet# Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe ann��e, 1991 81230711Swollman# (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC), 81330711Swollman# pp 8-9. 81430711Swollman# LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium: 81530711Swollman# Moniteur Belge, Samedi 30 Avril 1892, N.121. 816149514Swollman# Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie for these references. 81730711Swollman# The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium. 81830711Swollman# Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect. 81975267Swollman# 8202742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 82130711SwollmanRule Belgium 1918 only - Mar 9 0:00s 1:00 S 82230711SwollmanRule Belgium 1918 1919 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 82319878SwollmanRule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 82430711SwollmanRule Belgium 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 8252742SwollmanRule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 82630711SwollmanRule Belgium 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 8272742SwollmanRule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - 82819878SwollmanRule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 82930711SwollmanRule Belgium 1922 1927 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 83019878SwollmanRule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 S 83119878SwollmanRule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S 83219878SwollmanRule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S 83343543Swollman# DSH writes that a royal decree of 1926-02-22 specified the Sun following 3rd 83443543Swollman# Sat in Apr (except if it's Easter, in which case it's one Sunday earlier), 83543543Swollman# to Sun following 1st Sat in Oct, and that a royal decree of 1928-09-15 83643543Swollman# changed the transition times to 02:00 GMT. 83719878SwollmanRule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 83819878SwollmanRule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 83919878SwollmanRule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 84030711SwollmanRule Belgium 1928 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - 84119878SwollmanRule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 S 84219878SwollmanRule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 S 84319878SwollmanRule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S 84430711SwollmanRule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S 84519878SwollmanRule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 S 84619878SwollmanRule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S 84719878SwollmanRule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S 84819878SwollmanRule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S 84919878SwollmanRule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 S 85019878SwollmanRule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 S 85119878SwollmanRule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 S 8522742SwollmanRule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 - 85330711SwollmanRule Belgium 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 S 85430711SwollmanRule Belgium 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 - 85519878SwollmanRule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 8562742SwollmanRule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 85719878SwollmanRule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 S 8582742SwollmanRule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 8592742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 86030711SwollmanZone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880 861309574Sglebius 0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 12:00 # Brussels MT 86230711Swollman 0:00 - WET 1914 Nov 8 86330711Swollman 1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00 86430711Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u 86530711Swollman 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 20 2:00s 86630711Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3 86719878Swollman 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 86819878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 8692742Swollman 8702742Swollman# Bosnia and Herzegovina 871257697Sedwin# See Europe/Belgrade. 8722742Swollman 8732742Swollman# Bulgaria 87458787Sru# 875149514Swollman# From Plamen Simenov via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 876309574Sglebius# A document of Government of Bulgaria (No. 94/1997) says: 877270817Spluknet# EET -> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ... 878270817Spluknet# EETDST -> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October 87958787Sru# 8802742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 88119878SwollmanRule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S 8822742SwollmanRule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 883158421SwollmanRule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00 1:00 S 8842742SwollmanRule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 - 8852742SwollmanRule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 - 8862742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 8872742SwollmanZone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880 88819878Swollman 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT? 8892742Swollman 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00 890181424Sedwin 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 891309574Sglebius 1:00 - CET 1945 Apr 2 3:00 8922742Swollman 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00 893309574Sglebius 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 3:00 89420094Swollman 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 89558787Sru 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 89658787Sru 2:00 EU EE%sT 8972742Swollman 8982742Swollman# Croatia 899257697Sedwin# See Europe/Belgrade. 9002742Swollman 901136638Swollman# Cyprus 902257697Sedwin# Please see the 'asia' file for Asia/Nicosia. 903136638Swollman 9042742Swollman# Czech Republic 9052742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 90619878SwollmanRule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S 9072742SwollmanRule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - 90819878SwollmanRule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S 9092742SwollmanRule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 91019878SwollmanRule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S 91119878SwollmanRule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 91219878SwollmanRule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S 9132742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 9142742SwollmanZone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850 915309574Sglebius 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time 916309574Sglebius 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s 91719878Swollman 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979 91819878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 919257697Sedwin# Use Europe/Prague also for Slovakia. 9202742Swollman 921169811Swollman# Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland 922149514Swollman 923270817Spluknet# From Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2005-04-26): 924149514Swollman# http://www.hum.aau.dk/~poe/tid/tine/DanskTid.htm says that the law 925149514Swollman# [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01.... 926149514Swollman# The page http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A18930008330-REGL 927149514Swollman# confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29. 928149514Swollman# 929149514Swollman# The EU treaty with effect from 1973: 930149514Swollman# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19722110030-REGL 931149514Swollman# 932149514Swollman# This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes 933270817Spluknet# in subsequent decrees with the law 934149514Swollman# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19740022330-REGL 935149514Swollman# 936149514Swollman# It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980. I have 937149514Swollman# not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST 938149514Swollman# changes are stated explicitly to be from 1980-04-06 at 02:00 to 939149514Swollman# 1980-09-28 at 02:00. If this is true, this differs slightly from 940149514Swollman# the EU rule in that DST runs to 02:00, not 03:00. We don't know 941149514Swollman# when Denmark began using the EU rule correctly, but we have only 942149514Swollman# confirmation of the 1980-time, so I presume it was correct in 1981: 943149514Swollman# The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning 944149514Swollman# working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which 945149514Swollman# was suspended on that night): 946149514Swollman# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/C19801120554-REGL 947149514Swollman 948270817Spluknet# From Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2005-06-11): 949149514Swollman# The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between 950149514Swollman# Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two. 951149514Swollman 952149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2005-06-11): 953149514Swollman# Hence the "02:00" of the 1980 law refers to standard time, not 954149514Swollman# wall-clock time, and so the EU rules were in effect in 1980. 955149514Swollman 9562742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 95719878SwollmanRule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S 9582742SwollmanRule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 - 95919878SwollmanRule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 96019878SwollmanRule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 9612742SwollmanRule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 - 96219878SwollmanRule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S 9632742SwollmanRule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 - 96419878SwollmanRule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S 9652742SwollmanRule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 - 96619878SwollmanRule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S 9672742SwollmanRule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 - 9682742Swollman# 9692742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 9702742SwollmanZone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890 971149514Swollman 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Jan 1 # Copenhagen MT 972309574Sglebius 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 973309574Sglebius 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 97419878Swollman 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980 97519878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 976309574SglebiusZone Atlantic/Faroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # T��rshavn 9779908Swollman 0:00 - WET 1981 97819878Swollman 0:00 EU WE%sT 97920094Swollman# 980149514Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2004-10-31): 981149514Swollman# During World War II, Germany maintained secret manned weather stations in 982149514Swollman# East Greenland and Franz Josef Land, but we don't know their time zones. 983149514Swollman# My source for this is Wilhelm Dege's book mentioned under Svalbard. 984149514Swollman# 985158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 98620094Swollman# Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01, 98720094Swollman# and left the EU on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU 988270817Spluknet# rules at least through 1984. Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godth��b 98920094Swollman# used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU 99020094Swollman# rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980. 99120094Swollman 992270817Spluknet# From Gwillim Law (2001-06-06), citing 99386222Swollman# <http://www.statkart.no/efs/efshefter/2001/efs5-2001.pdf> (2001-03-15), 99486222Swollman# and with translations corrected by Steffen Thorsen: 99520094Swollman# 99686222Swollman# Greenland has four local times, and the relation to UTC 99786222Swollman# is according to the following time line: 99886222Swollman# 99986222Swollman# The military zone near Thule UTC-4 100086222Swollman# Standard Greenland time UTC-3 100186222Swollman# Scoresbysund UTC-1 100286222Swollman# Danmarkshavn UTC 100386222Swollman# 100486222Swollman# In the military area near Thule and in Danmarkshavn DST will not be 100586222Swollman# introduced. 100686222Swollman 100793799Swollman# From Rives McDow (2001-11-01): 1008114173Swollman# 100993799Swollman# I correspond regularly with the Dansk Polarcenter, and wrote them at 101093799Swollman# the time to clarify the situation in Thule. Unfortunately, I have 101193799Swollman# not heard back from them regarding my recent letter. [But I have 101293799Swollman# info from earlier correspondence.] 101393799Swollman# 101493799Swollman# According to the center, a very small local time zone around Thule 101593799Swollman# Air Base keeps the time according to UTC-4, implementing daylight 101693799Swollman# savings using North America rules, changing the time at 02:00 local time.... 101793799Swollman# 101893799Swollman# The east coast of Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund 101993799Swollman# uses UTC in the same way as in Iceland, year round, with no dst. 102093799Swollman# There are just a few stations on this coast, including the 102193799Swollman# Danmarkshavn ICAO weather station mentioned in your September 29th 102293799Swollman# email. The other stations are two sledge patrol stations in 102393799Swollman# Mestersvig and Daneborg, the air force base at Station Nord, and the 102493799Swollman# DPC research station at Zackenberg. 102593799Swollman# 102693799Swollman# Scoresbysund and two small villages nearby keep time UTC-1 and use 1027270817Spluknet# the same daylight savings time period as in West Greenland (Godth��b). 102893799Swollman# 1029270817Spluknet# The rest of Greenland, including Godth��b (this area, although it 103093799Swollman# includes central Greenland, is known as west Greenland), keeps time 103193799Swollman# UTC-3, with daylight savings methods according to European rules. 103293799Swollman# 103393799Swollman# It is common procedure to use UTC 0 in the wilderness of East and 103493799Swollman# North Greenland, because it is mainly Icelandic aircraft operators 103593799Swollman# maintaining traffic in these areas. However, the official status of 1036270817Spluknet# this area is that it sticks with Godth��b time. This area might be 103793799Swollman# considered a dual time zone in some respects because of this. 103893799Swollman 103993799Swollman# From Rives McDow (2001-11-19): 104093799Swollman# I heard back from someone stationed at Thule; the time change took place 104193799Swollman# there at 2:00 AM. 104293799Swollman 1043158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1044158421Swollman# From 1997 on the CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT; 1045270817Spluknet# the 1995 map as like Godth��b. 1046270817Spluknet# For lack of better info, assume they were like Godth��b before 1996. 104793799Swollman# startkart.no says Thule does not observe DST, but this is clearly an error, 1048158421Swollman# so go with Shanks & Pottenger for Thule transitions until this year. 1049158421Swollman# For 2007 on assume Thule will stay in sync with US DST rules. 1050309574Sglebius 1051309574Sglebius# From J William Piggott (2016-02-20): 1052309574Sglebius# "Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund" is officially named 1053309574Sglebius# "National Park" by Executive Order: 1054309574Sglebius# http://naalakkersuisut.gl/~/media/Nanoq/Files/Attached%20Files/Engelske-tekster/Legislation/Executive%20Order%20National%20Park.rtf 1055309574Sglebius# It is their only National Park. 105686222Swollman# 105720094Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 105893799SwollmanRule Thule 1991 1992 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 105993799SwollmanRule Thule 1991 1992 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S 1060158421SwollmanRule Thule 1993 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1061158421SwollmanRule Thule 1993 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S 1062158421SwollmanRule Thule 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D 1063158421SwollmanRule Thule 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 106420094Swollman# 106520094Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 106686222SwollmanZone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 1067309574Sglebius -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 106886222Swollman -3:00 EU WG%sT 1996 106986222Swollman 0:00 - GMT 1070163302SruZone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit 1071309574Sglebius -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 107219878Swollman -2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29 107320094Swollman -1:00 EU EG%sT 107420094SwollmanZone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk 1075309574Sglebius -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 107620094Swollman -3:00 EU WG%sT 107767578SwollmanZone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base 107820094Swollman -4:00 Thule A%sT 10792742Swollman 10802742Swollman# Estonia 1081309574Sglebius# 1082309574Sglebius# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 1083309574Sglebius# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). 1084309574Sglebius# 1085149514Swollman# From Peter Ilieve (1994-10-15): 10869908Swollman# A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards 10879908Swollman# [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it, 10889908Swollman# a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989.... 108920094Swollman# 1090149514Swollman# From Peter Ilieve (1996-10-28): 109120094Swollman# [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s, 109220094Swollman# but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:] 1093257697Sedwin# "I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different 109420094Swollman# (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules 109520094Swollman# conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia.... 109620094Swollman# A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on 109720094Swollman# human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to 1098257697Sedwin# summer time next spring." 109943543Swollman 1100149514Swollman# From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited: 110143543Swollman# The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law 1102309574Sglebius# http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390 110343543Swollman# refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between 1104270817Spluknet# the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22-27, 120). 110543543Swollman# 110643543Swollman# I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation 110743543Swollman# for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg" 110843543Swollman# (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time). 110943543Swollman 1110270817Spluknet# From The Baltic Times <http://www.baltictimes.com/> (1999-09-09) 111158787Sru# via Steffen Thorsen: 111258787Sru# This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time, 111358787Sru# a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6.... 111458787Sru# But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European 111558787Sru# Union are still unclear. In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory 111658787Sru# for all member states until 2001. Brussels has yet to decide what to do 111775267Swollman# after that. 111858787Sru 111958787Sru# From Mart Oruaas (2000-01-29): 1120309574Sglebius# Regulation No. 301 (1999-10-12) obsoletes previous regulation 1121309574Sglebius# No. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all 112258787Sru# the year round. The regulation is effective 1999-11-01. 112358787Sru 112493799Swollman# From Toomas Soome (2002-02-21): 112593799Swollman# The Estonian government has changed once again timezone politics. 112693799Swollman# Now we are using again EU rules. 112793799Swollman# 1128270817Spluknet# From Urmet J��nes (2002-03-28): 112993799Swollman# The legislative reference is Government decree No. 84 on 2002-02-21. 113093799Swollman 11312742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 11322742SwollmanZone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880 1133309574Sglebius 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time 113419878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul 113519878Swollman 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May 11362742Swollman 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6 113720094Swollman 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15 113819878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22 1139309574Sglebius 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 1140309574Sglebius 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s 114143543Swollman 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 Sep 22 1142309574Sglebius 2:00 EU EE%sT 1999 Oct 31 4:00 114393799Swollman 2:00 - EET 2002 Feb 21 114493799Swollman 2:00 EU EE%sT 11452742Swollman 11462742Swollman# Finland 1147210718Sedwin 1148158421Swollman# From Hannu Strang (1994-09-25 06:03:37 UTC): 11499908Swollman# Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one, 11509908Swollman# and it's supposed to change at 4am... 1151210718Sedwin 1152257697Sedwin# From Janne Snabb (2010-07-15): 11539908Swollman# 1154210718Sedwin# I noticed that the Finland data is not accurate for years 1981 and 1982. 1155210718Sedwin# During these two first trial years the DST adjustment was made one hour 1156210718Sedwin# earlier than in forthcoming years. Starting 1983 the adjustment was made 1157210718Sedwin# according to the central European standards. 11589908Swollman# 1159210718Sedwin# This is documented in Heikki Oja: Aikakirja 2007, published by The Almanac 1160210718Sedwin# Office of University of Helsinki, ISBN 952-10-3221-9, available online (in 1161210718Sedwin# Finnish) at 1162210718Sedwin# http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf 1163210718Sedwin# 1164210718Sedwin# Page 105 (56 in PDF version) has a handy table of all past daylight savings 1165210718Sedwin# transitions. It is easy enough to interpret without Finnish skills. 1166210718Sedwin# 1167210718Sedwin# This is also confirmed by Finnish Broadcasting Company's archive at: 1168210718Sedwin# http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=5&t=&a=3401 1169210718Sedwin# 1170210718Sedwin# The news clip from 1981 says that "the time between 2 and 3 o'clock does not 1171210718Sedwin# exist tonight." 1172210718Sedwin 1173270817Spluknet# From Konstantin Hypp��nen (2014-06-13): 1174270817Spluknet# [Heikki Oja's book Aikakirja 2013] 1175270817Spluknet# http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/images/aikakirja/Aikakirja2013kokonaan.pdf 1176270817Spluknet# pages 104-105, including a scan from a newspaper published on Apr 2 1942 1177270817Spluknet# say that ... [o]n Apr 2 1942, 24 o'clock (which means Apr 3 1942, 1178270817Spluknet# 00:00), clocks were moved one hour forward. The newspaper 1179270817Spluknet# mentions "on the night from Thursday to Friday".... 1180270817Spluknet# On Oct 4 1942, clocks were moved at 1:00 one hour backwards. 1181270817Spluknet# 1182270817Spluknet# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-14): 1183270817Spluknet# Go with Oja over Shanks. 1184270817Spluknet 11852742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1186270817SpluknetRule Finland 1942 only - Apr 2 24:00 1:00 S 1187270817SpluknetRule Finland 1942 only - Oct 4 1:00 0 - 1188210718SedwinRule Finland 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 1189210718SedwinRule Finland 1981 1982 - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - 1190270817Spluknet 1191270817Spluknet# Milne says Helsinki (Helsingfors) time was 1:39:49.2 (official document); 1192270817Spluknet# round to nearest. 1193270817Spluknet 11942742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1195270817SpluknetZone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:49 - LMT 1878 May 31 1196270817Spluknet 1:39:49 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time 1197210718Sedwin 2:00 Finland EE%sT 1983 119819878Swollman 2:00 EU EE%sT 11992742Swollman 1200270817Spluknet# ��land Is 1201136638SwollmanLink Europe/Helsinki Europe/Mariehamn 1202136638Swollman 1203136638Swollman 12042742Swollman# France 120575267Swollman 120675267Swollman# From Ciro Discepolo (2000-12-20): 120719878Swollman# 1208270817Spluknet# Henri Le Corre, R��gimes horaires pour le monde entier, ��ditions 120975267Swollman# Traditionnelles - Paris 2 books, 1993 121075267Swollman# 1211270817Spluknet# Gabriel, Trait�� de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Tr��daniel, 121275267Swollman# Paris, 1991 121375267Swollman# 1214270817Spluknet# Fran��oise Gauquelin, Probl��mes de l'heure r��solus en astrologie, 1215270817Spluknet# Guy Tr��daniel, Paris 1987 121675267Swollman 121775267Swollman 121875267Swollman# 1219257697Sedwin# Shank & Pottenger seem to use '24:00' ambiguously; resolve it with Whitman. 12202742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 122119878SwollmanRule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 122243014SwollmanRule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 122319878SwollmanRule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 122419878SwollmanRule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 122519878SwollmanRule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 122619878SwollmanRule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 12272742SwollmanRule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 122819878SwollmanRule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 12292742SwollmanRule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - 123019878SwollmanRule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 123143543Swollman# DSH writes that a law of 1923-05-24 specified 3rd Sat in Apr at 23:00 to 1st 123243543Swollman# Sat in Oct at 24:00; and that in 1930, because of Easter, the transitions 1233158421Swollman# were Apr 12 and Oct 5. Go with Shanks & Pottenger. 12342742SwollmanRule France 1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 123519878SwollmanRule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 S 123619878SwollmanRule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S 123719878SwollmanRule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S 123819878SwollmanRule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 123919878SwollmanRule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 124019878SwollmanRule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 124119878SwollmanRule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 124219878SwollmanRule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 S 124319878SwollmanRule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 124419878SwollmanRule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S 124519878SwollmanRule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 124619878SwollmanRule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S 124719878SwollmanRule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S 124819878SwollmanRule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 124919878SwollmanRule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S 125019878SwollmanRule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S 125119878SwollmanRule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 12522742SwollmanRule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 125319878SwollmanRule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S 1254158421Swollman# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks & Pottenger 1255158421Swollman# write that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations. 1256270817Spluknet# Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arn��guy, Orthez, 1257270817Spluknet# Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamothe-Montravel, Mar��uil, La 1258270817Spluknet# Rochefoucauld, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Descartes, 125975267Swollman# Loches, Montrichard, Vierzon, Bourges, Moulins, Digoin, 1260270817Spluknet# Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalon-sur-Sa��ne, Arbois, 1261233445Sedwin# Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collonges (Haute-Savoie). 126243014SwollmanRule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 1263158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00, 1264149514Swollman# but go with Denis Excoffier (1997-12-12), 1265270817Spluknet# who quotes the Eph��m��rides astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes 126643014Swollman# as saying 5/10/41 22hUT. 126743014SwollmanRule France 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S 126843014SwollmanRule France 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 2:00 M 126919878SwollmanRule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 S 127043014SwollmanRule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 M 127143014SwollmanRule France 1943 only - Oct 4 3:00 1:00 S 127243014SwollmanRule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 M 127319878SwollmanRule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 S 127443014SwollmanRule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 M 12752742SwollmanRule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - 1276158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger give Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00; 127743014Swollman# go with Excoffier's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT. 127843014SwollmanRule France 1976 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 S 127943014SwollmanRule France 1976 only - Sep 26 1:00 0 - 1280158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman 0:09:05, 128114343Swollman# but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21. 128214343Swollman# Go with Howse. Howse writes that the time in France was officially based 128314343Swollman# on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC. 12842742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 128543014SwollmanZone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 1286309574Sglebius 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Paris MT 1287158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre. 128843014Swollman 0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 23:00 128975267Swollman# Le Corre says Paris stuck with occupied-France time after the liberation; 1290158421Swollman# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 129119878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25 129243014Swollman 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 129319878Swollman 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 129419878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 12952742Swollman 129619878Swollman# Germany 12978049Swollman 1298149514Swollman# From Markus Kuhn (1998-09-29): 129943014Swollman# The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische 130043014Swollman# Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916. 1301114173Swollman# [See tz-link.htm for the URL.] 130243014Swollman 1303270817Spluknet# From J��rg Schilling (2002-10-23): 1304181424Sedwin# In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by 1305309574Sglebius# http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/ 1306270817Spluknet# General [Nikolai] Bersarin. 1307114173Swollman 1308114173Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08): 1309181421Sedwin# http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf 1310114173Swollman# says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20. 1311114173Swollman# However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so 1312309574Sglebius# this was equivalent to UT +03, not +04. 1313114173Swollman 1314114173Swollman 13152742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 131619878SwollmanRule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S 131743014SwollmanRule Germany 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 131843014SwollmanRule Germany 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1319181421Sedwin# http://www.ptb.de/de/org/4/44/441/salt.htm says the following transition 1320181421Sedwin# occurred at 3:00 MEZ, not the 2:00 MEZ given in Shanks & Pottenger. 1321181421Sedwin# Go with the PTB. 1322181421SedwinRule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 3:00s 1:00 S 132343014SwollmanRule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 M 132419878SwollmanRule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S 132519878SwollmanRule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 132619878SwollmanRule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S 1327181421Sedwin 1328181421SedwinRule SovietZone 1945 only - May 24 2:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 1329181421SedwinRule SovietZone 1945 only - Sep 24 3:00 1:00 S 1330181421SedwinRule SovietZone 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - 1331181421Sedwin 13322742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 13332742SwollmanZone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr 1334309574Sglebius 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 24 2:00 1335181421Sedwin 1:00 SovietZone CE%sT 1946 133619878Swollman 1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980 133719878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 13382742Swollman 1339248307Sedwin# From Tobias Conradi (2011-09-12): 1340270817Spluknet# B��singen <http://www.buesingen.de>, surrounded by the Swiss canton 1341248307Sedwin# Schaffhausen, did not start observing DST in 1980 as the rest of DE 1342248307Sedwin# (West Germany at that time) and DD (East Germany at that time) did. 1343248307Sedwin# DD merged into DE, the area is currently covered by code DE in ISO 3166-1, 1344248307Sedwin# which in turn is covered by the zone Europe/Berlin. 1345248307Sedwin# 1346270817Spluknet# Source for the time in B��singen 1980: 1347248307Sedwin# http://www.srf.ch/player/video?id=c012c029-03b7-4c2b-9164-aa5902cd58d3 1348248307Sedwin 1349248307Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-03): 1350309574Sglebius# B��singen and Zurich have shared clocks since 1970. 1351248307Sedwin 1352248307SedwinLink Europe/Zurich Europe/Busingen 1353248307Sedwin 1354138323Swollman# Georgia 1355138323Swollman# Please see the "asia" file for Asia/Tbilisi. 1356138323Swollman# Herodotus (Histories, IV.45) says Georgia north of the Phasis (now Rioni) 1357138323Swollman# is in Europe. Our reference location Tbilisi is in the Asian part. 1358138323Swollman 13592742Swollman# Gibraltar 13602742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1361309574SglebiusZone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 0:00s 1362309574Sglebius 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00 136319878Swollman 1:00 - CET 1982 136419878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 13652742Swollman 13662742Swollman# Greece 13672742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1368158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 136919878SwollmanRule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 S 13702742SwollmanRule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 1371158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 137219878SwollmanRule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 S 1373158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 13742742SwollmanRule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 137519878SwollmanRule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S 13762742SwollmanRule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 1377158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 137819878SwollmanRule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S 13792742SwollmanRule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 - 138019878SwollmanRule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 S 13812742SwollmanRule Greece 1975 only - Nov 26 0:00s 0 - 138219878SwollmanRule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 S 13832742SwollmanRule Greece 1976 only - Oct 10 2:00s 0 - 138419878SwollmanRule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 13852742SwollmanRule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 - 13862742SwollmanRule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 - 138719878SwollmanRule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 S 13882742SwollmanRule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 - 138919878SwollmanRule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 13902742SwollmanRule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 13912742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 13922742SwollmanZone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14 1393309574Sglebius 1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT 139419878Swollman 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30 139519878Swollman 1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4 139619878Swollman 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981 1397158421Swollman # Shanks & Pottenger say it switched to C-Eur in 1981; 139821217Swollman # go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1. 139919878Swollman 2:00 EU EE%sT 14002742Swollman 14012742Swollman# Hungary 1402270817Spluknet# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15): 1403270817Spluknet# Dates for 1916-1945 are taken from: 1404270817Spluknet# Oross A. Jelen a m��lt j��v��je: a ny��ri id��sz��m��t��s Magyarorsz��gon 1916-1945. 1405270817Spluknet# National Archives of Hungary (2012-10-29). 1406270817Spluknet# http://mnl.gov.hu/a_het_dokumentuma/a_nyari_idoszamitas_magyarorszagon_19161945.html 1407270817Spluknet# This source does not always give times, which are taken from Shanks 1408270817Spluknet# & Pottenger (which disagree about the dates). 14092742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 141019878SwollmanRule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 S 1411270817SpluknetRule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - 141219878SwollmanRule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 S 1413270817SpluknetRule Hungary 1919 only - Nov 24 3:00 0 - 141419878SwollmanRule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S 1415270817SpluknetRule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 141619878SwollmanRule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S 14172742SwollmanRule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 141819878SwollmanRule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 S 141919878SwollmanRule Hungary 1950 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 S 14202742SwollmanRule Hungary 1950 only - Oct 23 2:00s 0 - 142119878SwollmanRule Hungary 1954 1955 - May 23 0:00 1:00 S 14222742SwollmanRule Hungary 1954 1955 - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 142319878SwollmanRule Hungary 1956 only - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 14242742SwollmanRule Hungary 1956 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 142519878SwollmanRule Hungary 1957 only - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 S 14262742SwollmanRule Hungary 1957 only - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - 142719878SwollmanRule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 S 14282742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 14292742SwollmanZone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct 143019878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 1431270817Spluknet 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 8 1432181424Sedwin 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 143319878Swollman 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1980 Sep 28 2:00s 143419878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 14352742Swollman 14362742Swollman# Iceland 14372742Swollman# 1438149514Swollman# From Adam David (1993-11-06): 14392742Swollman# The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT. 14402742Swollman# 144119878Swollman# (1993-12-05): 14422742Swollman# This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of 14432742Swollman# Iceland Almanak. 14442742Swollman# 14452742Swollman# From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour 14462742Swollman# behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts 14472742Swollman# of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavik mean solar time which 14482742Swollman# was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT. 14492742Swollman# 14502742Swollman# "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks 14512742Swollman# of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the 14522742Swollman# time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always 14532742Swollman# Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars. 14542742Swollman# 145519878Swollman# (1993-12-10): 14562742Swollman# I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the 14572742Swollman# beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus 14582742Swollman# to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question. 14592742Swollman# the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day 14602742Swollman# (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday. 14612742Swollman# St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style" 14622742Swollman# might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it 146319878Swollman# might mean something else (???). 14642742Swollman# 1465309574Sglebius# From Paul Eggert (2014-11-22): 1466309574Sglebius# The information below is taken from the 1988 Almanak; see 1467309574Sglebius# http://www.almanak.hi.is/klukkan.html 14682742Swollman# 14692742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1470309574SglebiusRule Iceland 1917 1919 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 S 147119878SwollmanRule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 - 1472309574SglebiusRule Iceland 1918 1919 - Nov 16 1:00 0 - 1473309574SglebiusRule Iceland 1921 only - Mar 19 23:00 1:00 S 1474309574SglebiusRule Iceland 1921 only - Jun 23 1:00 0 - 147519878SwollmanRule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 S 1476309574SglebiusRule Iceland 1939 only - Oct 29 2:00 0 - 147719878SwollmanRule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S 1478309574SglebiusRule Iceland 1940 1941 - Nov Sun>=2 1:00s 0 - 1479309574SglebiusRule Iceland 1941 1942 - Mar Sun>=2 1:00s 1:00 S 14802742Swollman# 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter 148119878SwollmanRule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 1482309574SglebiusRule Iceland 1942 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - 14832742Swollman# 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter 148419878SwollmanRule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 1485309574Sglebius# 1949 and 1967 Oct transitions delayed by 1 week 148619878SwollmanRule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 - 148719878SwollmanRule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - 148819878SwollmanRule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 - 14892742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1490309574SglebiusZone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:28 - LMT 1908 1491309574Sglebius -1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s 14922742Swollman 0:00 - GMT 14932742Swollman 14942742Swollman# Italy 149519878Swollman# 149675267Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06): 149775267Swollman# Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893, 149886222Swollman# called Palermo Time (+00:53:28) and Cagliari Time (+00:36:32). 149975267Swollman# During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time. 150075267Swollman# But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff, 150175267Swollman# so record only the time in Rome. 150275267Swollman# 1503309574Sglebius# From Michael Deckers (2016-10-24): 1504309574Sglebius# http://www.ac-ilsestante.it/MERIDIANE/ora_legale quotes a law of 1893-08-10 1505309574Sglebius# ... [translated as] "The preceding dispositions will enter into 1506309574Sglebius# force at the instant at which, according to the time specified in 1507309574Sglebius# the 1st article, the 1st of November 1893 will begin...." 150817200Swollman# 1509309574Sglebius# From Pierpaolo Bernardi (2016-10-20): 1510309574Sglebius# The authoritative source for time in Italy is the national metrological 1511309574Sglebius# institute, which has a summary page of historical DST data at 1512309574Sglebius# http://www.inrim.it/res/tf/ora_legale_i.shtml 1513309574Sglebius# (2016-10-24): 1514309574Sglebius# http://www.renzobaldini.it/le-ore-legali-in-italia/ 1515309574Sglebius# has still different data for 1944. It divides Italy in two, as 1516309574Sglebius# there were effectively two governments at the time, north of Gothic 1517309574Sglebius# Line German controlled territory, official government RSI, and south 1518309574Sglebius# of the Gothic Line, controlled by allied armies. 151917200Swollman# 1520309574Sglebius# From Brian Inglis (2016-10-23): 1521309574Sglebius# Viceregal LEGISLATIVE DECREE. 14 September 1944, no. 219. 1522309574Sglebius# Restoration of Standard Time. (044U0219) (OJ 62 of 30.9.1944) ... 1523309574Sglebius# Given the R. law decreed on 1944-03-29, no. 92, by which standard time is 1524309574Sglebius# advanced to sixty minutes later starting at hour two on 1944-04-02; ... 1525309574Sglebius# Starting at hour three on the date 1944-09-17 standard time will be resumed. 1526309574Sglebius# 1527309574Sglebius# From Paul Eggert (2016-10-27): 1528309574Sglebius# Go with INRiM for DST rules, except as corrected by Inglis for 1944 1529309574Sglebius# for the Kingdom of Italy. This is consistent with Renzo Baldini. 1530309574Sglebius# Model Rome's occupation by using using C-Eur rules from 1943-09-10 1531309574Sglebius# to 1944-06-04; although Rome was an open city during this period, it 1532309574Sglebius# was effectively controlled by Germany. 1533309574Sglebius# 15342742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1535309574SglebiusRule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 24:00 1:00 S 1536309574SglebiusRule Italy 1916 1917 - Sep 30 24:00 0 - 1537309574SglebiusRule Italy 1917 only - Mar 31 24:00 1:00 S 1538309574SglebiusRule Italy 1918 only - Mar 9 24:00 1:00 S 1539309574SglebiusRule Italy 1918 only - Oct 6 24:00 0 - 1540309574SglebiusRule Italy 1919 only - Mar 1 24:00 1:00 S 1541309574SglebiusRule Italy 1919 only - Oct 4 24:00 0 - 1542309574SglebiusRule Italy 1920 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 S 1543309574SglebiusRule Italy 1920 only - Sep 18 24:00 0 - 1544309574SglebiusRule Italy 1940 only - Jun 14 24:00 1:00 S 1545309574SglebiusRule Italy 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 - 1546309574SglebiusRule Italy 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S 1547309574SglebiusRule Italy 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 - 1548309574SglebiusRule Italy 1944 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 1549309574SglebiusRule Italy 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 - 1550309574SglebiusRule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 S 1551309574SglebiusRule Italy 1945 only - Sep 15 1:00 0 - 1552309574SglebiusRule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 S 1553309574SglebiusRule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 - 1554309574SglebiusRule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 S 1555309574SglebiusRule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 - 1556309574SglebiusRule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 S 1557309574SglebiusRule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 - 1558309574SglebiusRule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S 1559309574SglebiusRule Italy 1966 only - Sep 24 24:00 0 - 1560309574SglebiusRule Italy 1967 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00s 0 - 1561309574SglebiusRule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1562309574SglebiusRule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00s 1:00 S 1563309574SglebiusRule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1564309574SglebiusRule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S 1565309574SglebiusRule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1566309574SglebiusRule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1567309574SglebiusRule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 S 1568309574SglebiusRule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1569309574SglebiusRule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00s 1:00 S 1570309574SglebiusRule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1571309574SglebiusRule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1572309574SglebiusRule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 S 1573309574SglebiusRule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S 1574309574SglebiusRule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1575309574SglebiusRule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - 15762742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 15772742SwollmanZone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22 1578309574Sglebius 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Oct 31 23:49:56 # Rome Mean 1579309574Sglebius 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1943 Sep 10 1580309574Sglebius 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jun 4 158119878Swollman 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980 158219878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 15832742Swollman 15849908SwollmanLink Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican 15859908SwollmanLink Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino 15869908Swollman 15872742Swollman# Latvia 158843014Swollman 1589149514Swollman# From Liene Kanepe (1998-09-17): 159043014Swollman 159143014Swollman# I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy 159243014Swollman# of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the 159343014Swollman# correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about 159443014Swollman# changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981.... 159543014Swollman# 1596309574Sglebius# Act No. 35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ... 1597309574Sglebius# according to the Act No. 925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24 159843014Swollman# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning 159943014Swollman# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00) 160043014Swollman# and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00). 160143014Swollman# 1602309574Sglebius# Act No. 592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1984-09-24 ... 1603309574Sglebius# according to the Act No. 967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1984-09-13 160443014Swollman# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning 160543014Swollman# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 160643014Swollman# (GMT 23:00 on the previous day) and 1 hour backward on the last Sunday of 160743014Swollman# September at 03:00 (GMT 23:00 on the previous day). 160843014Swollman# 1609309574Sglebius# Act No. 81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1989-03-22 ... 1610309574Sglebius# according to the Act No. 227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1989-03-14 161143014Swollman# ...: since the last Sunday of March 1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, 161243014Swollman# Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the 161343014Swollman# time of 2nd time zone (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia 161443014Swollman# transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 161543014Swollman# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward. The end of 161643014Swollman# daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03:00 161743014Swollman# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is 161843014Swollman# 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock.... 161943014Swollman# 162043014Swollman# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of 162143014Swollman# 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of 162243014Swollman# daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union. 162343014Swollman 162458787Sru# From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06): 162558787Sru# This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in 162658787Sru# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of 1627309574Sglebius# 29-Feb-2000 (No. 79) <http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm>, 1628270817Spluknet# in Latvian for subscribers only). 162958787Sru 1630270817Spluknet# From RFE/RL Newsline 1631309574Sglebius# http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html 1632270817Spluknet# (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow: 163375267Swollman# The Latvian government on 2 January decided that the country will 163475267Swollman# institute daylight-saving time this spring, LETA reported. 163575267Swollman# Last February the three Baltic states decided not to turn back their 163675267Swollman# clocks one hour in the spring.... 1637309574Sglebius# Minister of Economy Aigars Kalv��tis noted that Latvia had too few 163875267Swollman# daylight hours and thus decided to comply with a draft European 163975267Swollman# Commission directive that provides for instituting daylight-saving 164075267Swollman# time in EU countries between 2002 and 2006. The Latvian government 164175267Swollman# urged Lithuania and Estonia to adopt a similar time policy, but it 164275267Swollman# appears that they will not do so.... 164375267Swollman 164420094Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 164543014SwollmanRule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 164643014SwollmanRule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1647270817Spluknet 1648309574Sglebius# Milne 1899 says Riga was 1:36:28 (Polytechnique House time). 1649309574Sglebius# Byalokoz 1919 says Latvia was 1:36:34. 1650309574Sglebius# Go with Byalokoz. 1651270817Spluknet 16522742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1653309574SglebiusZone Europe/Riga 1:36:34 - LMT 1880 1654309574Sglebius 1:36:34 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 # Riga MT 1655309574Sglebius 1:36:34 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 # Latvian ST 1656309574Sglebius 1:36:34 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00 1657309574Sglebius 1:36:34 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00 1658309574Sglebius 1:36:34 - RMT 1926 May 11 16592742Swollman 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5 166020094Swollman 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul 166143014Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13 1662309574Sglebius 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s 1663309574Sglebius 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s 166443014Swollman 2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21 166558787Sru 2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29 1666121098Swollman 2:00 - EET 2001 Jan 2 166775267Swollman 2:00 EU EE%sT 16682742Swollman 16692742Swollman# Liechtenstein 16702742Swollman 1671257697Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-09): 1672257697Sedwin# Shanks & Pottenger say Vaduz is like Zurich. 1673257697Sedwin 1674257697Sedwin# From Alois Treindl (2013-09-18): 1675257697Sedwin# http://www.eliechtensteinensia.li/LIJ/1978/1938-1978/1941.pdf 1676257697Sedwin# ... confirms on p. 6 that Liechtenstein followed Switzerland in 1941 and 1942. 1677257697Sedwin# I ... translate only the last two paragraphs: 1678257697Sedwin# ... during second world war, in the years 1941 and 1942, Liechtenstein 1679257697Sedwin# introduced daylight saving time, adapting to Switzerland. From 1943 on 1680257697Sedwin# central European time was in force throughout the year. 1681257697Sedwin# From a report of the duke's government to the high council, 1682257697Sedwin# regarding the introduction of a time law, of 31 May 1977. 1683257697Sedwin 1684257697SedwinLink Europe/Zurich Europe/Vaduz 1685257697Sedwin 1686257697Sedwin 16872742Swollman# Lithuania 168858787Sru 1689309574Sglebius# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 1690309574Sglebius# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). 1691309574Sglebius 169258787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 169358787Sru# IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is 169458787Sru# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too. 169558787Sru 1696149514Swollman# From Marius Gedminas (1998-08-07): 169758787Sru# I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone 169858787Sru# (Europe/Vilnius) was changed. 169958787Sru 1700270817Spluknet# From ELTA No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29) <http://www.elta.lt/>, 170158787Sru# via Steffen Thorsen: 170258787Sru# Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours) 170358787Sru# to be valid here starting from October 31, 170458787Sru# as decided by the national government on Wednesday.... 170558787Sru# The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a 170658787Sru# motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was 170775267Swollman# already done by Estonia. 170858787Sru 1709270817Spluknet# From the Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism 1710270817Spluknet# <http://www.tourism.lt/informa/ff.htm> (2000-03-27): 1711270817Spluknet# Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving. 171264499Swollman 1713114173Swollman# From a user via Klaus Marten (2003-02-07): 1714114173Swollman# As a candidate for membership of the European Union, Lithuania will 1715114173Swollman# observe Summer Time in 2003, changing its clocks at the times laid 1716114173Swollman# down in EU Directive 2000/84 of 19.I.01 (i.e. at the same times as its 1717114173Swollman# neighbour Latvia). The text of the Lithuanian government Order of 1718114173Swollman# 7.XI.02 to this effect can be found at 1719114173Swollman# http://www.lrvk.lt/nut/11/n1749.htm 1720114173Swollman 1721114173Swollman 17222742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 17232742SwollmanZone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880 1724309574Sglebius 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time 172519878Swollman 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time 172619878Swollman 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12 17272742Swollman 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9 172819878Swollman 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3 172920094Swollman 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24 173019878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 1731309574Sglebius 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 1732309574Sglebius 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 173343014Swollman 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 1734309574Sglebius 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u 1735309574Sglebius 1:00 EU CE%sT 1999 Oct 31 1:00u 1736114173Swollman 2:00 - EET 2003 Jan 1 1737114173Swollman 2:00 EU EE%sT 17382742Swollman 17392742Swollman# Luxembourg 1740158421Swollman# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; 1741158421Swollman# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 17422742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 174319878SwollmanRule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S 17442742SwollmanRule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 174519878SwollmanRule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S 17462742SwollmanRule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 - 174719878SwollmanRule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 17482742SwollmanRule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - 174919878SwollmanRule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S 17502742SwollmanRule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 - 175119878SwollmanRule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S 17522742SwollmanRule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 - 175319878SwollmanRule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S 17542742SwollmanRule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 - 175519878SwollmanRule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S 17562742SwollmanRule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - 175719878SwollmanRule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S 17582742SwollmanRule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 - 175919878SwollmanRule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S 17602742SwollmanRule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - 176119878SwollmanRule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S 176219878SwollmanRule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S 176319878SwollmanRule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S 176419878SwollmanRule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S 176519878SwollmanRule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S 17662742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 17672742SwollmanZone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun 176819878Swollman 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25 1769309574Sglebius 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s 1770309574Sglebius 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00 1771309574Sglebius 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00 177219878Swollman 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 177319878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 17742742Swollman 17752742Swollman# Macedonia 1776257697Sedwin# See Europe/Belgrade. 17772742Swollman 17782742Swollman# Malta 1779309574Sglebius# 1780309574Sglebius# From Paul Eggert (2016-10-21): 1781309574Sglebius# Assume 1900-1972 was like Rome, overriding Shanks. 1782309574Sglebius# 17832742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 178419878SwollmanRule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S 17852742SwollmanRule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 - 178619878SwollmanRule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S 17872742SwollmanRule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 - 178819878SwollmanRule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S 17892742SwollmanRule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 179019878SwollmanRule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 17912742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1792309574SglebiusZone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 0:00s # Valletta 179319878Swollman 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31 179419878Swollman 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981 179519878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 17962742Swollman 17972742Swollman# Moldova 179875267Swollman 1799309574Sglebius# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07): 1800309574Sglebius# the act of the government of the Republic of Moldova Nr. 132 from 1990-05-04 1801309574Sglebius# http://lex.justice.md/viewdoc.php?action=view&view=doc&id=298782&lang=2 1802309574Sglebius# ... says that since 1990-05-06 on the territory of the Moldavian SSR 1803309574Sglebius# time would be calculated as the standard time of the second time belt 1804309574Sglebius# plus one hour of the "summer" time. To implement that clocks would be 1805309574Sglebius# adjusted one hour backwards at 1990-05-06 2:00. After that "summer" 1806309574Sglebius# time would be cancelled last Sunday of September at 3:00 and 1807309574Sglebius# reintroduced last Sunday of March at 2:00. 1808309574Sglebius 1809158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1810158421Swollman# A previous version of this database followed Shanks & Pottenger, who write 1811158421Swollman# that Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00. 181275267Swollman# However, this is most likely an error, as Moldova declared independence 181375267Swollman# on 1991-08-27 (the 1992-01-19 date is that of a Russian decree). 181475267Swollman# In early 1992 there was large-scale interethnic violence in the area 181575267Swollman# and it's possible that some Russophones continued to observe Moscow time. 1816149514Swollman# But [two people] separately reported via 1817270817Spluknet# Jesper N��rgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau. 181875267Swollman# The Tiraspol entry has therefore been removed for now. 1819226752Sedwin# 1820226752Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-17): 1821226752Sedwin# Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR, also known as 1822226752Sedwin# "Pridnestrovie") has abolished seasonal clock change (no transition 1823226752Sedwin# to the Winter Time). 1824226752Sedwin# 1825226752Sedwin# News (in Russian): 1826226752Sedwin# http://www.kyivpost.ua/russia/news/pridnestrove-otkazalos-ot-perehoda-na-zimnee-vremya-30954.html 1827226752Sedwin# http://www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html 1828226752Sedwin# 1829226752Sedwin# The substance of this change (reinstatement of the Tiraspol entry) 1830226752Sedwin# is from a patch from Petr Machata (2011-10-17) 1831226752Sedwin# 1832226752Sedwin# From Tim Parenti (2011-10-19) 1833226752Sedwin# In addition, being situated at +4651+2938 would give Tiraspol 1834226752Sedwin# a pre-1880 LMT offset of 1:58:32. 1835226752Sedwin# 1836226752Sedwin# (which agrees with the earlier entry that had been removed) 1837226976Sedwin# 1838226976Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-26) 1839226976Sedwin# NO need to divide Moldova into two timezones at this point. 1840226976Sedwin# As of today, Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- Tiraspol reversed its own 1841240457Sedwin# decision to abolish DST this winter. 1842226976Sedwin# Following Moldova and neighboring Ukraine- Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- 1843226976Sedwin# Tiraspol will go back to winter time on October 30, 2011. 1844226976Sedwin# News from Moldova (in russian): 1845226976Sedwin# http://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html 184675267Swollman 1847309574Sglebius# From Roman Tudos (2015-07-02): 1848309574Sglebius# http://lex.justice.md/index.php?action=view&view=doc&lang=1&id=355077 1849309574Sglebius# From Paul Eggert (2015-07-01): 1850309574Sglebius# The abovementioned official link to IGO1445-868/2014 states that 1851309574Sglebius# 2014-10-26's fallback transition occurred at 03:00 local time. Also, 1852309574Sglebius# http://www.trm.md/en/social/la-30-martie-vom-trece-la-ora-de-vara 1853309574Sglebius# says the 2014-03-30 spring-forward transition was at 02:00 local time. 1854309574Sglebius# Guess that since 1997 Moldova has switched one hour before the EU. 1855226976Sedwin 1856309574Sglebius# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1857309574SglebiusRule Moldova 1997 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 1858309574SglebiusRule Moldova 1997 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 - 1859309574Sglebius 18602742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 186158787SruZone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880 186258787Sru 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT 186358787Sru 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 186458787Sru 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15 186558787Sru 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17 186658787Sru 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24 1867309574Sglebius 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 May 6 2:00 186858787Sru 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 186958787Sru 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 187058787Sru# See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules. 1871309574Sglebius 2:00 Moldova EE%sT 18722742Swollman 18732742Swollman# Monaco 1874158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 1875158421Swollman# more precise 0:09:21. 18762742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 18772742SwollmanZone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 1878309574Sglebius 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1879309574Sglebius 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 188019878Swollman 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 188119878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 18822742Swollman 1883163302Sru# Montenegro 1884257697Sedwin# See Europe/Belgrade. 1885163302Sru 18862742Swollman# Netherlands 188786222Swollman 188814343Swollman# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940, 188914343Swollman# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time. 189086222Swollman 189186222Swollman# However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01): 189286222Swollman# Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00 189386222Swollman# Amsterdam mean time) onwards, the whole of the Netherlands (including 189486222Swollman# the Dutch railways) was required by law to observe Amsterdam mean time 189586222Swollman# (19 minutes 32.13 seconds ahead of GMT). This had already been the 189686222Swollman# common practice (except for the railways) for many decades but it was 189786222Swollman# not until 1909 when the Dutch government finally defined this by law. 189886222Swollman# On 1937-07-01 this was changed to 20 minutes (exactly) ahead of GMT and 189986222Swollman# was generally known as Dutch Time ("Nederlandse Tijd"). 190086222Swollman# 190186222Swollman# (2001-04-08): 190286222Swollman# 1892-05-01 was the date when the Dutch railways were by law required to 190386222Swollman# observe GMT while the remainder of the Netherlands adhered to the common 190486222Swollman# practice of following Amsterdam mean time. 190586222Swollman# 190686222Swollman# (2001-04-09): 190786222Swollman# In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the 190886222Swollman# municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe 190986222Swollman# Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was 191086222Swollman# actually followed. 191186222Swollman# 191286222Swollman# From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to 191386222Swollman# observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of 191486222Swollman# Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most 191586222Swollman# places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically 191686222Swollman# adopted Amsterdam mean time. 191786222Swollman# 191886222Swollman# Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety 191986222Swollman# of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it 192086222Swollman# was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe 192186222Swollman# Amsterdam mean time. 192286222Swollman 1923309574Sglebius# The data entries before 1945 are taken from 1924309574Sglebius# http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/wettijd/wettijd.htm 192586222Swollman 19262742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 192775267SwollmanRule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time 192875267SwollmanRule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time 19292742SwollmanRule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST 19302742SwollmanRule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT 19312742SwollmanRule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 193286222SwollmanRule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastMon 2:00s 0 AMT 193375267SwollmanRule Neth 1922 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST 193419878SwollmanRule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT 193575267SwollmanRule Neth 1923 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 193675267SwollmanRule Neth 1924 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST 193775267SwollmanRule Neth 1925 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 193886222Swollman# From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week 193986222Swollman# in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend. 19402742SwollmanRule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST 19412742SwollmanRule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST 19422742SwollmanRule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST 19432742SwollmanRule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST 194419878SwollmanRule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S 194519878SwollmanRule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - 194619878SwollmanRule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S 194719878SwollmanRule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 194875267SwollmanRule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 194986222Swollman# 195086222Swollman# Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13 exactly, but the .13 is omitted 195186222Swollman# below because the current format requires GMTOFF to be an integer. 19522742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 195386222SwollmanZone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835 195486222Swollman 0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1 1955309574Sglebius 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 16 0:00 # Dutch Time 1956309574Sglebius 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 195719878Swollman 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977 195819878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 19592742Swollman 19602742Swollman# Norway 1961158421Swollman# http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks & 1962158421Swollman# Pottenger. 19632742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 196419878SwollmanRule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S 19652742SwollmanRule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 196619878SwollmanRule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 19672742SwollmanRule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - 196819878SwollmanRule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 19692742SwollmanRule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 197019878SwollmanRule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S 19712742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 197286222SwollmanZone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1 197319878Swollman 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00 197419878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 197519878Swollman 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980 197619878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 197743014Swollman 197843014Swollman# Svalbard & Jan Mayen 197986222Swollman 198086222Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (2001-05-01): 198186222Swollman# Although I could not find it explicitly, it seems that Jan Mayen and 198286222Swollman# Svalbard have been using the same time as Norway at least since the 198386222Swollman# time they were declared as parts of Norway. Svalbard was declared 198486222Swollman# as a part of Norway by law of 1925-07-17 no 11, section 4 and Jan 198586222Swollman# Mayen by law of 1930-02-27 no 2, section 2. (From 1986270817Spluknet# <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19250717-011.html> and 1987270817Spluknet# <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19300227-002.html>). The law/regulation 198886222Swollman# for normal/standard time in Norway is from 1894-06-29 no 1 (came 198986222Swollman# into operation on 1895-01-01) and Svalbard/Jan Mayen seem to be a 199086222Swollman# part of this law since 1925/1930. (From 1991270817Spluknet# <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-18940629-001.html>) I have not been 199286222Swollman# able to find if Jan Mayen used a different time zone (e.g. -0100) 1993270817Spluknet# before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabited" since 1921 by 199486222Swollman# Norwegian meteorologists and maybe used the same time as Norway ever 199586222Swollman# since 1921. Svalbard (Arctic/Longyearbyen) has been inhabited since 199686222Swollman# before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere 199786222Swollman# between 1895 and 1925 (inclusive). 199886222Swollman 1999257697Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-04): 200086222Swollman# 200186222Swollman# Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II, 2002138323Swollman# so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Oslo was 200386222Swollman# keeping Berlin time. 200486222Swollman# 200586222Swollman# <http://home.no.net/janmayen/history.htm> says that the meteorologists 200686222Swollman# burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in 200786222Swollman# 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite 2008270817Spluknet# frequent air attacks from Germans. In 1943 the Americans established a 200986222Swollman# radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City". Possibly 2010257697Sedwin# the UT offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that 201186222Swollman# Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules. 201286222Swollman# 201386222Swollman# Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an 201486222Swollman# Allied party that evacuated the civilian population to England (says 201586222Swollman# <http://www.bartleby.com/65/sv/Svalbard.html>). The Svalbard FAQ 201686222Swollman# <http://www.svalbard.com/SvalbardFAQ.html> says that the Germans were 201786222Swollman# expelled on 1942-05-14. However, small parties of Germans did return, 201886222Swollman# and according to Wilhelm Dege's book "War North of 80" (1954) 2019309574Sglebius# http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/departments/UP/1-55238/1-55238-110-2.html 202086222Swollman# the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named 202186222Swollman# Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945. 202286222Swollman# 2023257697Sedwin# All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970, so use Europe/Oslo 2024257697Sedwin# for these regions. 202519878SwollmanLink Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen 20262742Swollman 20272742Swollman# Poland 2028270817Spluknet 2029270817Spluknet# The 1919 dates and times can be found in Tygodnik Urz��dowy nr 1 (1919-03-20), 2030270817Spluknet# <http://www.wbc.poznan.pl/publication/32156> pp 1-2. 2031270817Spluknet 20322742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 20332742SwollmanRule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 203419878SwollmanRule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S 2035158421SwollmanRule Poland 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S 2036158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 20372742SwollmanRule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 2038158421Swollman# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 203919878SwollmanRule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S 20402742SwollmanRule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 2041149514Swollman# For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski, 2042270817Spluknet# Toru�� Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U., 2043309574Sglebius# http://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1 2044270817Spluknet# Thanks to Przemys��aw Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference. 2045149514Swollman# He also gives these further references: 2046149514Swollman# Mon Pol nr 13, poz 162 (1995) <http://www.abc.com.pl/serwis/mp/1995/0162.htm> 2047149514Swollman# Druk nr 2180 (2003) <http://www.senat.gov.pl/k5/dok/sejm/053/2180.pdf> 2048149514SwollmanRule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00s 1:00 S 2049149514SwollmanRule Poland 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 2050149514SwollmanRule Poland 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S 2051149514SwollmanRule Poland 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 2052149514SwollmanRule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 2053149514SwollmanRule Poland 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S 205419878SwollmanRule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 S 20552742SwollmanRule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 205619878SwollmanRule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 S 205719878SwollmanRule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 S 20582742SwollmanRule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 - 205919878SwollmanRule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 S 2060149514SwollmanRule Poland 1961 1964 - May lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 20612742SwollmanRule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 20622742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 20632742SwollmanZone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880 2064309574Sglebius 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time 2065309574Sglebius 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00 206619878Swollman 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun 2067309574Sglebius 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00 206819878Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 2069149514Swollman 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977 2070149514Swollman 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1988 207158787Sru 1:00 EU CE%sT 20722742Swollman 20732742Swollman# Portugal 207420094Swollman# 2075309574Sglebius# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-11), after a heads-up from Stephen Colebourne: 2076309574Sglebius# According to a Portuguese decree (1911-05-26) 2077309574Sglebius# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 2078309574Sglebius# Lisbon was at -0:36:44.68, but switched to GMT on 1912-01-01 at 00:00. 2079309574Sglebius# Round the old offset to -0:36:45. This agrees with Willett but disagrees 2080309574Sglebius# with Shanks, who says the transition occurred on 1911-05-24 at 00:00 for 2081309574Sglebius# Europe/Lisbon, Atlantic/Azores, and Atlantic/Madeira. 2082309574Sglebius# 2083149514Swollman# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro (1992-11-12): 208420094Swollman# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone 208520094Swollman# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC. 208620094Swollman# 2087149514Swollman# Martin Bruckmann (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve 208820094Swollman# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring. 208920094Swollman# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter. 209020094Swollman# 209120094Swollman# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12): 209220094Swollman# IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions 209320094Swollman# at 02:00u, not 01:00u. Assume that these are typos. 209420094Swollman# IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00. 209520094Swollman# IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00. 209620094Swollman# Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal 209720094Swollman# harmonized with the EU), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter. 209820094Swollman# 20992742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 210043543Swollman# DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not 210143543Swollman# done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules. 2102158421Swollman# Go with Shanks & Pottenger. 210319878SwollmanRule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S 2104158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 21052742SwollmanRule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 - 210619878SwollmanRule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 21072742SwollmanRule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - 210819878SwollmanRule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 210919878SwollmanRule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 211019878SwollmanRule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 S 211119878SwollmanRule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 211219878SwollmanRule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S 21132742SwollmanRule Port 1924 only - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - 211419878SwollmanRule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 21152742SwollmanRule Port 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 211619878SwollmanRule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 211719878SwollmanRule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 211819878SwollmanRule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 211919878SwollmanRule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 2120158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 21212742SwollmanRule Port 1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 212219878SwollmanRule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S 212319878SwollmanRule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S 2124158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 21252742SwollmanRule Port 1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2126158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger give 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman. 212719878SwollmanRule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S 212819878SwollmanRule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 2129158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 213019878SwollmanRule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S 213119878SwollmanRule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S 213219878SwollmanRule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 2133158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 21342742SwollmanRule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 213519878SwollmanRule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 S 2136158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman. 21372742SwollmanRule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 - 213819878SwollmanRule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S 213919878SwollmanRule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 S 214043014SwollmanRule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer 214119878SwollmanRule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 S 21422742SwollmanRule Port 1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=24 23:00s 0 - 214343014SwollmanRule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 M 214419878SwollmanRule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 S 214543014SwollmanRule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 M 214619878SwollmanRule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 S 21472742SwollmanRule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 214819878SwollmanRule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 21492742SwollmanRule Port 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 2150158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman. 2151158421Swollman# Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 215219878SwollmanRule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 21532742SwollmanRule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 215419878SwollmanRule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 S 21552742SwollmanRule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 - 215619878SwollmanRule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 S 21572742SwollmanRule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 21582742SwollmanRule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 215919878SwollmanRule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S 216019878SwollmanRule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 216119878SwollmanRule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 2162309574Sglebius# 21632742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2164309574SglebiusZone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:45 - LMT 1884 2165309574Sglebius -0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 # Lisbon Mean Time 2166309574Sglebius 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 2167309574Sglebius 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00 2168309574Sglebius 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 2169309574Sglebius 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 2170309574Sglebius 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u 217119878Swollman 0:00 EU WE%sT 2172309574SglebiusZone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada 2173309574Sglebius -1:54:32 - HMT 1912 Jan 1 # Horta Mean Time 2174309574Sglebius -2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time 2175309574Sglebius -1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 2176309574Sglebius -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 2177309574Sglebius 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u 217820094Swollman -1:00 EU AZO%sT 2179309574SglebiusZone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal 2180309574Sglebius -1:07:36 - FMT 1912 Jan 1 # Funchal Mean Time 2181309574Sglebius -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time 2182309574Sglebius 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 218319878Swollman 0:00 EU WE%sT 21842742Swollman 21852742Swollman# Romania 218658787Sru# 218758787Sru# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07): 2188270817Spluknet# Nine O'clock <http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html> 2189270817Spluknet# (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at 219058787Sru# 04:00 local time in fall 1998. For lack of better info, 219158787Sru# assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997, 219258787Sru# the same year as Bulgaria. 219358787Sru# 21942742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 219519878SwollmanRule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S 21962742SwollmanRule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - 219719878SwollmanRule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S 219819878SwollmanRule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S 21992742SwollmanRule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 220019878SwollmanRule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S 22012742SwollmanRule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 220220094SwollmanRule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S 220320094SwollmanRule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 22042742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 22052742SwollmanZone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct 2206309574Sglebius 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 2207309574Sglebius 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s 220820094Swollman 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 220920094Swollman 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994 221058787Sru 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 221158787Sru 2:00 EU EE%sT 22122742Swollman 2213270817Spluknet 22142742Swollman# Russia 221521217Swollman 2216248307Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-15): 2217309574Sglebius# Based on last Russian Government Decree No. 725 on August 31, 2011 2218248307Sedwin# (Government document 2219248307Sedwin# http://www.government.ru/gov/results/16355/print/ 2220248307Sedwin# in Russian) 2221248307Sedwin# there are few corrections have to be made for some Russian time zones... 2222248307Sedwin# All updated Russian Time Zones were placed in table and translated to English 2223248307Sedwin# by WorldTimeZone.com at the link below: 2224248307Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia36.htm 2225248307Sedwin 2226248307Sedwin# From Sanjeev Gupta (2011-09-27): 2227309574Sglebius# Scans of [Decree No. 23 of January 8, 1992] are available at: 2228248307Sedwin# http://government.consultant.ru/page.aspx?1223966 2229248307Sedwin# They are in Cyrillic letters (presumably Russian). 2230248307Sedwin 2231248307Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09): 2232248307Sedwin# Regarding the instant when clocks in time-zone-shifting parts of Russia 2233248307Sedwin# changed in September 2011: 2234248307Sedwin# 2235248307Sedwin# One source is 2236248307Sedwin# http://government.ru/gov/results/16355/ 2237248307Sedwin# which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Decree of August 31, 2238309574Sglebius# 2011 No. 725" and contains no other dates or "effective date" information. 2239248307Sedwin# 2240248307Sedwin# Another source is 2241248307Sedwin# http://www.rg.ru/2011/09/06/chas-zona-dok.html 2242248307Sedwin# which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Resolution of the 2243248307Sedwin# Government of the Russian Federation on August 31, 2011 N 725" and also 2244248307Sedwin# contains "Date first official publication: September 6, 2011 Posted on: 2245309574Sglebius# in the 'RG' - Federal Issue No. 5573 September 6, 2011" but which 2246248307Sedwin# does not contain any "effective date" information. 2247248307Sedwin# 2248248307Sedwin# Another source is 2249248307Sedwin# http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oymyakonsky_District#cite_note-RuTime-7 2250309574Sglebius# which, in note 8, contains "Resolution No. 725 of August 31, 2011... 2251248307Sedwin# Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication" 2252248307Sedwin# but which does not contain any reference to September 6, 2011. 2253248307Sedwin# 2254248307Sedwin# The Wikipedia article refers to 2255248307Sedwin# http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=118896 2256248307Sedwin# which seems to copy the text of the government.ru page. 2257248307Sedwin# 2258248307Sedwin# Tobias Conradi combines Wikipedia's 2259248307Sedwin# "as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication" 2260270817Spluknet# with www.rg.ru's "Date of first official publication: September 6, 2011" to 2261270817Spluknet# get September 13, 2011 as the cutover date (unusually, a Tuesday, as Tobias 2262270817Spluknet# Conradi notes). 2263248307Sedwin# 2264248307Sedwin# None of the sources indicates a time of day for changing clocks. 2265248307Sedwin# 2266248307Sedwin# Go with 2011-09-13 0:00s. 2267248307Sedwin 2268270817Spluknet# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-01): 2269270817Spluknet# According to the Russian news (ITAR-TASS News Agency) 2270270817Spluknet# http://en.itar-tass.com/russia/738562 2271270817Spluknet# the State Duma has approved ... the draft bill on returning to 2272270817Spluknet# winter time standard and return Russia 11 time zones. The new 2273270817Spluknet# regulations will come into effect on October 26, 2014 at 02:00 ... 2274270817Spluknet# http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/%28Spravka%29?OpenAgent&RN=431985-6&02 2275270817Spluknet# Here is a link where we put together table (based on approved Bill N 2276270817Spluknet# 431985-6) with proposed 11 Russian time zones and corresponding 2277270817Spluknet# areas/cities/administrative centers in the Russian Federation (in English): 2278270817Spluknet# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia65.html 2279270817Spluknet# 2280270817Spluknet# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-22): 2281270817Spluknet# Putin signed the Federal Law 431985-6 ... (in Russian) 2282270817Spluknet# http://itar-tass.com/obschestvo/1333711 2283270817Spluknet# http://www.pravo.gov.ru:8080/page.aspx?111660 2284270817Spluknet# http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/46279 2285270817Spluknet# From October 26, 2014 the new Russian time zone map will looks like this: 2286270817Spluknet# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-map-2014-07.html 2287270817Spluknet 2288158421Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 228920094Swollman# Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991, 2290158421Swollman# are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks & Pottenger, 2291158421Swollman# except we follow Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat 2292158421Swollman# 23:00, not Sun 02:00s. 22932742Swollman# 2294149514Swollman# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29): 229586222Swollman# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow! 229686222Swollman# I do not know why they have decided to make this change; 229786222Swollman# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching 229886222Swollman# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch. 229986222Swollman# 2300149514Swollman# From Andrey A. Chernov (1996-10-04): 2301257697Sedwin# 'MSK' and 'MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with 2302136638Swollman# UNIX-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group).... 230320094Swollman# The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor 230420094Swollman# (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there. 230520094Swollman# 2306149514Swollman# From Chris Carrier (1996-10-30): 230720094Swollman# According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from 230820094Swollman# Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ... 230920094Swollman# still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located. 231020094Swollman# 231175267Swollman# For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from 231275267Swollman# John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07): 2313270817Spluknet# News - often false - is spread by word of mouth. A rumor that it was 231475267Swollman# time to move the clocks back put this whole city out of sync with 2315270817Spluknet# the rest of Russia for two weeks - even soldiers stationed here began 231675267Swollman# enforcing curfew at the wrong time. 231775267Swollman# 231886222Swollman# From Gwillim Law (2001-06-05): 231986222Swollman# There's considerable evidence that Sakhalin Island used to be in 232086222Swollman# UTC+11, and has changed to UTC+10, in this decade. I start with the 232186222Swollman# SSIM, which listed Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in zone RU10 along with Magadan 232286222Swollman# until February 1997, and then in RU9 with Khabarovsk and Vladivostok 232386222Swollman# since September 1997.... Although the Kuril Islands are 232486222Swollman# administratively part of Sakhalin oblast', they appear to have 232586222Swollman# remained on UTC+11 along with Magadan. 2326270817Spluknet 2327270817Spluknet# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): 2328270817Spluknet# The comments detailing the coverage of each Russian zone are meant to assist 2329270817Spluknet# with maintenance only and represent our best guesses as to which regions 2330270817Spluknet# are covered by each zone. They are not meant to be taken as an authoritative 2331270817Spluknet# listing. The region codes listed come from 2332270817Spluknet# http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Federal_subjects_of_Russia&oldid=611810498 2333270817Spluknet# and are used for convenience only; no guarantees are made regarding their 2334270817Spluknet# future stability. ISO 3166-2:RU codes are also listed for first-level 2335270817Spluknet# divisions where available. 2336270817Spluknet 23372742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2338270817Spluknet 2339270817Spluknet 2340270817Spluknet# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 2341270817Spluknet# Europe/Kaliningrad covers... 2342309574Sglebius# 39 RU-KGD Kaliningrad Oblast 2343270817Spluknet 2344309574Sglebius# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2345309574Sglebius# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). 2346309574Sglebius 2347309574Sglebius# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07): 2348309574Sglebius# http://www.rgo.ru/ru/kaliningradskoe-oblastnoe-otdelenie/ob-otdelenii/publikacii/kak-nam-zhilos-bez-letnego-vremeni 2349309574Sglebius# confirms that the 1989 change to Moscow-1 was implemented. 2350309574Sglebius# (The article, though, is misattributed to 1990 while saying that 2351309574Sglebius# summer->winter transition would be done on the 24 of September. But 2352309574Sglebius# 1990-09-24 was Monday, while 1989-09-24 was Sunday as expected.) 2353309574Sglebius# ... 2354309574Sglebius# http://www.kaliningradka.ru/site_pc/cherez/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=40091 2355309574Sglebius# says that Kaliningrad switched to Moscow-1 on 1989-03-26, avoided 2356309574Sglebius# at the last moment switch to Moscow-1 on 1991-03-31, switched to 2357309574Sglebius# Moscow on 1991-11-03, switched to Moscow-1 on 1992-01-19. 2358309574Sglebius 235986222SwollmanZone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr 236020094Swollman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 236158787Sru 2:00 Poland CE%sT 1946 2362309574Sglebius 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 2363309574Sglebius 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2364309574Sglebius 3:00 - +03 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2365270817Spluknet 2:00 - EET 2366270817Spluknet 2367270817Spluknet 2368309574Sglebius# From Paul Eggert (2016-02-21), per Tim Parenti (2014-07-03) and 2369309574Sglebius# Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 2370270817Spluknet# Europe/Moscow covers... 2371309574Sglebius# 01 RU-AD Adygea, Republic of 2372309574Sglebius# 05 RU-DA Dagestan, Republic of 2373309574Sglebius# 06 RU-IN Ingushetia, Republic of 2374309574Sglebius# 07 RU-KB Kabardino-Balkar Republic 2375309574Sglebius# 08 RU-KL Kalmykia, Republic of 2376309574Sglebius# 09 RU-KC Karachay-Cherkess Republic 2377309574Sglebius# 10 RU-KR Karelia, Republic of 2378309574Sglebius# 11 RU-KO Komi Republic 2379309574Sglebius# 12 RU-ME Mari El Republic 2380309574Sglebius# 13 RU-MO Mordovia, Republic of 2381309574Sglebius# 15 RU-SE North Ossetia-Alania, Republic of 2382309574Sglebius# 16 RU-TA Tatarstan, Republic of 2383309574Sglebius# 20 RU-CE Chechen Republic 2384309574Sglebius# 21 RU-CU Chuvash Republic 2385309574Sglebius# 23 RU-KDA Krasnodar Krai 2386309574Sglebius# 26 RU-STA Stavropol Krai 2387309574Sglebius# 29 RU-ARK Arkhangelsk Oblast 2388309574Sglebius# 31 RU-BEL Belgorod Oblast 2389309574Sglebius# 32 RU-BRY Bryansk Oblast 2390309574Sglebius# 33 RU-VLA Vladimir Oblast 2391309574Sglebius# 35 RU-VLG Vologda Oblast 2392309574Sglebius# 36 RU-VOR Voronezh Oblast 2393309574Sglebius# 37 RU-IVA Ivanovo Oblast 2394309574Sglebius# 40 RU-KLU Kaluga Oblast 2395309574Sglebius# 44 RU-KOS Kostroma Oblast 2396309574Sglebius# 46 RU-KRS Kursk Oblast 2397309574Sglebius# 47 RU-LEN Leningrad Oblast 2398309574Sglebius# 48 RU-LIP Lipetsk Oblast 2399309574Sglebius# 50 RU-MOS Moscow Oblast 2400309574Sglebius# 51 RU-MUR Murmansk Oblast 2401309574Sglebius# 52 RU-NIZ Nizhny Novgorod Oblast 2402309574Sglebius# 53 RU-NGR Novgorod Oblast 2403309574Sglebius# 57 RU-ORL Oryol Oblast 2404309574Sglebius# 58 RU-PNZ Penza Oblast 2405309574Sglebius# 60 RU-PSK Pskov Oblast 2406309574Sglebius# 61 RU-ROS Rostov Oblast 2407309574Sglebius# 62 RU-RYA Ryazan Oblast 2408309574Sglebius# 67 RU-SMO Smolensk Oblast 2409309574Sglebius# 68 RU-TAM Tambov Oblast 2410309574Sglebius# 69 RU-TVE Tver Oblast 2411309574Sglebius# 71 RU-TUL Tula Oblast 2412309574Sglebius# 76 RU-YAR Yaroslavl Oblast 2413309574Sglebius# 77 RU-MOW Moscow 2414309574Sglebius# 78 RU-SPE Saint Petersburg 2415309574Sglebius# 83 RU-NEN Nenets Autonomous Okrug 2416270817Spluknet 2417309574Sglebius# From Paul Eggert (2016-08-23): 2418309574Sglebius# The Soviets switched to UT-based time in 1919. Decree No. 59 2419309574Sglebius# (1919-02-08) http://istmat.info/node/35567 established UT-based time 2420309574Sglebius# zones, and Decree No. 147 (1919-03-29) http://istmat.info/node/35854 2421309574Sglebius# specified a transition date of 1919-07-01, apparently at 00:00 UT. 2422309574Sglebius# No doubt only the Soviet-controlled regions switched on that date; 2423309574Sglebius# later transitions to UT-based time in other parts of Russia are 2424309574Sglebius# taken from what appear to be guesses by Shanks. 2425309574Sglebius# (Thanks to Alexander Belopolsky for pointers to the decrees.) 2426309574Sglebius 2427309574Sglebius# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07): 2428309574Sglebius# 11. Regions-violators, 1981-1982. 2429309574Sglebius# Wikipedia refers to 2430309574Sglebius# http://maps.monetonos.ru/maps/raznoe/Old_Maps/Old_Maps/Articles/022/3_1981.html 2431309574Sglebius# http://besp.narod.ru/nauka_1981_3.htm 2432309574Sglebius# 2433309574Sglebius# The second link provides two articles scanned from the Nauka i Zhizn 2434309574Sglebius# magazine No. 3, 1981 and a scan of the short article attributed to 2435309574Sglebius# the Trud newspaper from February 1982. The first link provides the 2436309574Sglebius# same Nauka i Zhizn articles converted to the text form (but misses 2437309574Sglebius# time belt changes map). 2438309574Sglebius# 2439309574Sglebius# The second Nauka i Zhizn article says that in addition to 2440309574Sglebius# introduction of summer time on 1981-04-01 there are some time belt 2441309574Sglebius# border changes on 1981-10-01, mostly affecting Nenets Autonomous 2442309574Sglebius# Okrug, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Yakutia, Magadan Oblast and Chukotka 2443309574Sglebius# according to the provided map (colored one). In addition to that 2444309574Sglebius# "time violators" (regions which were not using rules of the time 2445309574Sglebius# belts in which they were located) would not be moving off the DST on 2446309574Sglebius# 1981-10-01 to restore the decree time usage. (Komi ASSR was 2447309574Sglebius# supposed to repeat that move in October 1982 to account for the 2 2448309574Sglebius# hour difference.) Map depicting "time violators" before 1981-10-01 2449309574Sglebius# is also provided. 2450309574Sglebius# 2451309574Sglebius# The article from Trud says that 1981-10-01 changes caused problems 2452309574Sglebius# and some territories would be moved to pre-1981-10-01 time by not 2453309574Sglebius# moving to summer time on 1982-04-01. Namely: Dagestan, 2454309574Sglebius# Kabardino-Balkar, Kalmyk, Komi, Mari, Mordovian, North Ossetian, 2455309574Sglebius# Tatar, Chechen-Ingush and Chuvash ASSR, Krasnodar and Stavropol 2456309574Sglebius# krais, Arkhangelsk, Vladimir, Vologda, Voronezh, Gorky, Ivanovo, 2457309574Sglebius# Kostroma, Lipetsk, Penza, Rostov, Ryazan, Tambov, Tyumen and 2458309574Sglebius# Yaroslavl oblasts, Nenets and Evenk autonomous okrugs, Khatangsky 2459309574Sglebius# district of Taymyr Autonomous Okrug. As a result Evenk Autonomous 2460309574Sglebius# Okrug and Khatangsky district of Taymyr Autonomous Okrug would end 2461309574Sglebius# up on Moscow+4, Tyumen Oblast on Moscow+2 and the rest on Moscow 2462309574Sglebius# time. 2463309574Sglebius# 2464309574Sglebius# http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt 2465309574Sglebius# attributes the 1982 changes to the Act of the Council of Ministers 2466309574Sglebius# of the USSR No. 126 from 18.02.1982. 1980-925.txt also adds 2467309574Sglebius# Udmurtia to the list of affected territories and lists Khatangsky 2468309574Sglebius# district separately from Taymyr Autonomous Okrug. Probably erroneously. 2469309574Sglebius# 2470309574Sglebius# The affected territories are currently listed under Europe/Moscow, 2471309574Sglebius# Asia/Yekaterinburg and Asia/Krasnoyarsk. 2472309574Sglebius# 2473309574Sglebius# 12. Udmurtia 2474309574Sglebius# The fact that Udmurtia is depicted as a violator in the Nauka i 2475309574Sglebius# Zhizn article hints at Izhevsk being on different time from 2476309574Sglebius# Kuybyshev before 1981-10-01. Udmurtia is not mentioned in the 1989 act. 2477309574Sglebius# http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt 2478309574Sglebius# implies Udmurtia was on Moscow time after 1982-04-01. 2479309574Sglebius# Wikipedia implies Udmurtia being on Moscow+1 until 1991. 2480309574Sglebius# 2481309574Sglebius# ... 2482309574Sglebius# 2483309574Sglebius# All Russian zones are supposed to have by default a -1 change at 2484309574Sglebius# 1991-03-31 2:00 (cancellation of the decree time in the USSR) and a +1 2485309574Sglebius# change at 1992-01-19 2:00 (restoration of the decree time in Russia). 2486309574Sglebius# 2487309574Sglebius# There were some exceptions, though. 2488309574Sglebius# Wikipedia says newspapers listed Astrakhan, Saratov, Kirov, Volgograd, 2489309574Sglebius# Izhevsk, Grozny, Kazan and Samara as such exceptions for the 1992 2490309574Sglebius# change. (Different newspapers providing different lists. And some 2491309574Sglebius# lists found in the internet are quite wild.) 2492309574Sglebius# 2493309574Sglebius# And apparently some exceptions were reverted in the last moment. 2494309574Sglebius# http://www.kaliningradka.ru/site_pc/cherez/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=40091 2495309574Sglebius# says that Kaliningrad decided not to be an exception 2 days before the 2496309574Sglebius# 1991-03-31 switch and one person at 2497309574Sglebius# http://izhevsk.ru/forum_light_message/50/682597-m8369040.html 2498309574Sglebius# says he remembers that Samara opted out of the 1992-01-19 exception 2499309574Sglebius# 2 days before the switch. 2500309574Sglebius# 2501309574Sglebius# 2502309574Sglebius# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2503309574Sglebius# Given the above, we appear to be missing some Zone entries for the 2504309574Sglebius# chaotic early 1980s in Russia. It's not clear what these entries 2505309574Sglebius# should be. For now, sweep this under the rug and just document the 2506309574Sglebius# time in Moscow. 2507309574Sglebius 2508270817Spluknet# From Vladimir Karpinsky (2014-07-08): 2509270817Spluknet# LMT in Moscow (before Jul 3, 1916) is 2:30:17, that was defined by Moscow 2510270817Spluknet# Observatory (coordinates: 55 deg. 45'29.70", 37 deg. 34'05.30").... 2511270817Spluknet# LMT in Moscow since Jul 3, 1916 is 2:31:01 as a result of new standard. 2512309574Sglebius# (The info is from the book by Byalokoz ... p. 18.) 2513309574Sglebius# The time in St. Petersburg as capital of Russia was defined by 2514309574Sglebius# Pulkov observatory, near St. Petersburg. In 1916 LMT Moscow 2515270817Spluknet# was synchronized with LMT St. Petersburg (+30 minutes), (Pulkov observatory 2516270817Spluknet# coordinates: 59 deg. 46'18.70", 30 deg. 19'40.70") so 30 deg. 19'40.70" > 2517270817Spluknet# 2h01m18.7s = 2:01:19. LMT Moscow = LMT St.Petersburg + 30m 2:01:19 + 0:30 = 2518270817Spluknet# 2:31:19 ... 251986222Swollman# 2520270817Spluknet# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08): 2521270817Spluknet# Milne does not list Moscow, but suggests that its time might be listed in 2522270817Spluknet# R��sum��s mensuels et annuels des observations m��t��orologiques (1895). 2523270817Spluknet# Presumably this is OCLC 85825704, a journal published with parallel text in 2524270817Spluknet# Russian and French. This source has not been located; go with Karpinsky. 2525270817Spluknet 2526270817SpluknetZone Europe/Moscow 2:30:17 - LMT 1880 2527270817Spluknet 2:30:17 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time 2528309574Sglebius 2:31:19 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 0:00u 2529267477Sedwin 3:00 Russia %s 1921 Oct 253020094Swollman 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct 25312742Swollman 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 2532309574Sglebius 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2533309574Sglebius 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2534309574Sglebius 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2535309574Sglebius 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2536270817Spluknet 3:00 - MSK 2537270817Spluknet 2538270817Spluknet 2539270817Spluknet# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 2540270817Spluknet# Europe/Simferopol covers... 2541270817Spluknet# ** **** Crimea, Republic of 2542270817Spluknet# ** **** Sevastopol 2543270817Spluknet 2544270817SpluknetZone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880 2545270817Spluknet 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T 2546270817Spluknet 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 2547270817Spluknet 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov 2548270817Spluknet 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13 2549270817Spluknet 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 2550309574Sglebius 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 2551270817Spluknet 2:00 - EET 1992 2552270817Spluknet# Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997. 255386222Swollman# 2554270817Spluknet# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 2555270817Spluknet# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched 2556270817Spluknet# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections. 2557270817Spluknet# Shanks (1999) says "date of change uncertain", but implies that it happened 2558270817Spluknet# sometime between the 1994 DST switches. Shanks & Pottenger simply say 2559270817Spluknet# 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right. For now, guess it 2560270817Spluknet# changed in May. 2561270817Spluknet 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May 2562270817Spluknet# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev. 2563309574Sglebius 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 0:00s 2564309574Sglebius 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s 2565270817Spluknet# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST. 2566270817Spluknet# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks. 2567270817Spluknet 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997 2568309574Sglebius 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u 2569270817Spluknet# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-03-17): 2570270817Spluknet# time change at 2:00 (2am) on March 30, 2014 2571270817Spluknet# http://vz.ru/news/2014/3/17/677464.html 2572270817Spluknet# From Paul Eggert (2014-03-30): 2573270817Spluknet# Simferopol and Sevastopol reportedly changed their central town clocks 2574270817Spluknet# late the previous day, but this appears to have been ceremonial 2575270817Spluknet# and the discrepancies are small enough to not worry about. 2576309574Sglebius 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 2:00 2577309574Sglebius 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2578270817Spluknet 3:00 - MSK 2579270817Spluknet 2580270817Spluknet 2581309574Sglebius# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2582309574Sglebius# Europe/Astrakhan covers: 2583309574Sglebius# 30 RU-AST Astrakhan Oblast 2584309574Sglebius# 2585309574Sglebius# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). 2586270817Spluknet 2587309574Sglebius# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-01-12): 2588309574Sglebius# On February 10, 2016 Astrakhan Oblast got approval by the Federation 2589309574Sglebius# Council to change its time zone to UTC+4 (from current UTC+3 Moscow time).... 2590309574Sglebius# This Federal Law shall enter into force on 27 March 2016 at 02:00. 2591309574Sglebius# From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09): 2592309574Sglebius# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201602150056 2593270817Spluknet 2594309574SglebiusZone Europe/Astrakhan 3:12:12 - LMT 1924 May 2595309574Sglebius 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 2596309574Sglebius 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 2597309574Sglebius 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2598309574Sglebius 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 2599309574Sglebius 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2600309574Sglebius 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2601309574Sglebius 3:00 - +03 2016 Mar 27 2:00s 2602309574Sglebius 4:00 - +04 2603309574Sglebius 2604309574Sglebius# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2605309574Sglebius# Europe/Volgograd covers: 2606309574Sglebius# 34 RU-VGG Volgograd Oblast 2607309574Sglebius# 64 RU-SAR Saratov Oblast 2608309574Sglebius# The 1988 transition is from USSR act No. 5 (1988-01-04). 2609309574Sglebius 2610163302SruZone Europe/Volgograd 2:57:40 - LMT 1920 Jan 3 2611309574Sglebius 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 2612309574Sglebius 4:00 - +04 1961 Nov 11 2613309574Sglebius 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1988 Mar 27 2:00s 2614309574Sglebius 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2615309574Sglebius 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 2616309574Sglebius 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2617309574Sglebius 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2618309574Sglebius 3:00 - +03 2619270817Spluknet 2620309574Sglebius# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2621309574Sglebius# Europe/Kirov covers: 2622309574Sglebius# 43 RU-KIR Kirov Oblast 2623309574Sglebius# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). 2624309574Sglebius# 2625309574SglebiusZone Europe/Kirov 3:18:48 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0:00u 2626309574Sglebius 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 2627309574Sglebius 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 2628309574Sglebius 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2629309574Sglebius 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 2630309574Sglebius 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2631309574Sglebius 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2632309574Sglebius 3:00 - +03 2633270817Spluknet 2634270817Spluknet# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 2635270817Spluknet# Europe/Samara covers... 2636309574Sglebius# 18 RU-UD Udmurt Republic 2637309574Sglebius# 63 RU-SAM Samara Oblast 2638270817Spluknet 2639309574Sglebius# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2640309574Sglebius# Byalokoz 1919 says Samara was 3:20:20. 2641309574Sglebius# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). 2642206219Sedwin 2643309574SglebiusZone Europe/Samara 3:20:20 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0:00u 2644309574Sglebius 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 2645309574Sglebius 4:00 - +04 1935 Jan 27 2646309574Sglebius 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 2647309574Sglebius 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2648309574Sglebius 2:00 Russia +02/+03 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 2649309574Sglebius 3:00 - +03 1991 Oct 20 3:00 2650309574Sglebius 4:00 Russia +04/+05 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 2651309574Sglebius 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2652309574Sglebius 4:00 - +04 2653270817Spluknet 2654309574Sglebius# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2655309574Sglebius# Europe/Ulyanovsk covers: 2656309574Sglebius# 73 RU-ULY Ulyanovsk Oblast 2657309574Sglebius 2658309574Sglebius# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). 2659309574Sglebius 2660309574Sglebius# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-02-17): 2661309574Sglebius# Ulyanovsk ... on their way to change time zones by March 27, 2016 at 2am. 2662309574Sglebius# Ulyanovsk Oblast ... from MSK to MSK+1 (UTC+3 to UTC+4) ... 2663309574Sglebius# 920582-6 ... 02/17/2016 The State Duma passed the bill in the first reading. 2664309574Sglebius# From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09): 2665309574Sglebius# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090051 2666309574Sglebius 2667309574SglebiusZone Europe/Ulyanovsk 3:13:36 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0:00u 2668309574Sglebius 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 2669309574Sglebius 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 2670309574Sglebius 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2671309574Sglebius 2:00 Russia +02/+03 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2672309574Sglebius 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2673309574Sglebius 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2674309574Sglebius 3:00 - +03 2016 Mar 27 2:00s 2675309574Sglebius 4:00 - +04 2676309574Sglebius 2677270817Spluknet# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 2678270817Spluknet# Asia/Yekaterinburg covers... 2679309574Sglebius# 02 RU-BA Bashkortostan, Republic of 2680309574Sglebius# 90 RU-PER Perm Krai 2681309574Sglebius# 45 RU-KGN Kurgan Oblast 2682309574Sglebius# 56 RU-ORE Orenburg Oblast 2683309574Sglebius# 66 RU-SVE Sverdlovsk Oblast 2684309574Sglebius# 72 RU-TYU Tyumen Oblast 2685309574Sglebius# 74 RU-CHE Chelyabinsk Oblast 2686309574Sglebius# 86 RU-KHM Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra 2687309574Sglebius# 89 RU-YAN Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug 268886222Swollman# 2689270817Spluknet# Note: Effective 2005-12-01, (59) Perm Oblast and (81) Komi-Permyak 2690270817Spluknet# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (90, RU-PER) Perm Krai. 2691270817Spluknet 2692309574Sglebius# Milne says Yekaterinburg was 4:02:32.9; round to nearest. 2693309574Sglebius# Byalokoz 1919 says its provincial time was based on Perm, at 3:45:05. 2694309574Sglebius# Assume it switched on 1916-07-03, the time of the new standard. 2695309574Sglebius# The 1919 and 1930 transitions are from Shanks. 2696270817Spluknet 2697309574SglebiusZone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:33 - LMT 1916 Jul 3 2698309574Sglebius 3:45:05 - PMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00 2699309574Sglebius 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 2700309574Sglebius 5:00 Russia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2701309574Sglebius 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2702309574Sglebius 5:00 Russia +05/+06 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2703309574Sglebius 6:00 - +06 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2704309574Sglebius 5:00 - +05 2705270817Spluknet 2706270817Spluknet 2707270817Spluknet# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 2708270817Spluknet# Asia/Omsk covers... 2709309574Sglebius# 55 RU-OMS Omsk Oblast 2710270817Spluknet 2711309574Sglebius# Byalokoz 1919 says Omsk was 4:53:30. 2712270817Spluknet 2713309574SglebiusZone Asia/Omsk 4:53:30 - LMT 1919 Nov 14 2714309574Sglebius 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21 2715309574Sglebius 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2716309574Sglebius 5:00 Russia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2717309574Sglebius 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2718309574Sglebius 7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2719309574Sglebius 6:00 - +06 2720270817Spluknet 2721309574Sglebius# From Paul Eggert (2016-02-22): 2722309574Sglebius# Asia/Barnaul covers: 2723309574Sglebius# 04 RU-AL Altai Republic 2724309574Sglebius# 22 RU-ALT Altai Krai 2725270817Spluknet 2726309574Sglebius# Data before 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger. 2727270817Spluknet 2728309574Sglebius# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07): 2729309574Sglebius# Letter of Bank of Russia from 1995-05-25 2730309574Sglebius# http://www.bestpravo.ru/rossijskoje/lj-akty/y3a.htm 2731309574Sglebius# suggests that Altai Republic transitioned to Moscow+3 on 2732309574Sglebius# 1995-05-28. 2733309574Sglebius# 2734309574Sglebius# http://regnum.ru/news/society/1957270.html 2735309574Sglebius# has some historical data for Altai Krai: 2736309574Sglebius# before 1957: west part on UTC+6, east on UTC+7 2737309574Sglebius# after 1957: UTC+7 2738309574Sglebius# since 1995: UTC+6 2739309574Sglebius# http://barnaul.rusplt.ru/index/pochemu_altajskij_kraj_okazalsja_v_neprivychnom_chasovom_pojase-17648.html 2740309574Sglebius# confirms that and provides more details including 1995-05-28 transition date. 2741198825Sedwin 2742309574Sglebius# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-02-17): 2743309574Sglebius# Altai Krai and Altai Republic on their way to change time zones 2744309574Sglebius# by March 27, 2016 at 2am.... 2745309574Sglebius# Altai Republic / Gorno-Altaysk MSK+3 to MSK+4 (UTC+6 to UTC+7) ... 2746309574Sglebius# Altai Krai / Barnaul MSK+3 to MSK+4 (UTC+6 to UTC+7) 2747309574Sglebius# From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09): 2748309574Sglebius# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090043 2749309574Sglebius# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090038 2750270817Spluknet 2751309574SglebiusZone Asia/Barnaul 5:35:00 - LMT 1919 Dec 10 2752309574Sglebius 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21 2753309574Sglebius 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2754309574Sglebius 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2755309574Sglebius 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1995 May 28 2756309574Sglebius 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2757309574Sglebius 7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2758309574Sglebius 6:00 - +06 2016 Mar 27 2:00s 2759309574Sglebius 7:00 - +07 2760309574Sglebius 2761309574Sglebius# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2762309574Sglebius# Asia/Novosibirsk covers: 2763309574Sglebius# 54 RU-NVS Novosibirsk Oblast 2764309574Sglebius 2765309574Sglebius# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-05-30): 2766309574Sglebius# http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/(Spravka)?OpenAgent&RN=1085784-6 2767309574Sglebius# moves Novosibirsk oblast from UTC+6 to UTC+7. 2768309574Sglebius# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-07-04): 2769309574Sglebius# The law was signed yesterday and published today on 2770309574Sglebius# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201607040064 2771309574Sglebius 2772309574SglebiusZone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00 2773309574Sglebius 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21 2774309574Sglebius 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2775309574Sglebius 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2776309574Sglebius 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P. 2777309574Sglebius 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2778309574Sglebius 7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2779309574Sglebius 6:00 - +06 2016 Jul 24 2:00s 2780309574Sglebius 7:00 - +07 2781309574Sglebius 2782309574Sglebius# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2783309574Sglebius# Asia/Tomsk covers: 2784309574Sglebius# 70 RU-TOM Tomsk Oblast 2785309574Sglebius 2786309574Sglebius# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-24): 2787309574Sglebius# Byalokoz listed Tomsk at 5:39:51. 2788309574Sglebius 2789309574Sglebius# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29): 2790309574Sglebius# Tomsk is still 4 hours ahead of Moscow. 2791309574Sglebius 2792309574Sglebius# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-19): 2793309574Sglebius# http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102075743 2794309574Sglebius# (fifth time belt being UTC+5+1(decree time) 2795309574Sglebius# / UTC+5+1(decree time)+1(summer time)) ... 2796309574Sglebius# Note that time belts (numbered from 2 (Moscow) to 12 according to their 2797309574Sglebius# GMT/UTC offset and having too many exceptions like regions formally 2798309574Sglebius# belonging to one belt but using time from another) were replaced 2799309574Sglebius# with time zones in 2011 with different numbering (there was a 2800309574Sglebius# 2-hour gap between second and third zones in 2011-2014). 2801309574Sglebius 2802309574Sglebius# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-04-12): 2803309574Sglebius# http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/(SpravkaNew)?OpenAgent&RN=1006865-6 2804309574Sglebius# This bill was approved in the first reading today. It moves Tomsk oblast 2805309574Sglebius# from UTC+6 to UTC+7 and is supposed to come into effect on 2016-05-29 at 2806309574Sglebius# 2:00. The bill needs to be approved in the second and the third readings by 2807309574Sglebius# the State Duma, approved by the Federation Council, signed by the President 2808309574Sglebius# and published to become a law. Minor changes in the text are to be expected 2809309574Sglebius# before the second reading (references need to be updated to account for the 2810309574Sglebius# recent changes). 2811309574Sglebius# 2812309574Sglebius# Judging by the ultra-short one-day amendments period, recent similar laws, 2813309574Sglebius# the State Duma schedule and the Federation Council schedule 2814309574Sglebius# http://www.duma.gov.ru/legislative/planning/day-shedule/por_vesna_2016/ 2815309574Sglebius# http://council.gov.ru/activity/meetings/schedule/63303 2816309574Sglebius# I speculate that the final text of the bill will be proposed tomorrow, the 2817309574Sglebius# bill will be approved in the second and the third readings on Friday, 2818309574Sglebius# approved by the Federation Council on 2016-04-20, signed by the President and 2819309574Sglebius# published as a law around 2016-04-26. 2820309574Sglebius 2821309574Sglebius# From Matt Johnson (2016-04-26): 2822309574Sglebius# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201604260048 2823309574Sglebius 2824309574SglebiusZone Asia/Tomsk 5:39:51 - LMT 1919 Dec 22 2825309574Sglebius 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21 2826309574Sglebius 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2827309574Sglebius 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2828309574Sglebius 7:00 Russia +07/+08 2002 May 1 3:00 2829309574Sglebius 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2830309574Sglebius 7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2831309574Sglebius 6:00 - +06 2016 May 29 2:00s 2832309574Sglebius 7:00 - +07 2833309574Sglebius 2834309574Sglebius 2835270817Spluknet# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 2836270817Spluknet# Asia/Novokuznetsk covers... 2837309574Sglebius# 42 RU-KEM Kemerovo Oblast 2838270817Spluknet 2839198825Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-10-13): 2840198825Sedwin# Kemerovo oblast' (Kemerovo region) in Russia will change current time zone on 2841198825Sedwin# March 28, 2010: 2842198825Sedwin# from current Russia Zone 6 - Krasnoyarsk Time Zone (KRA) UTC +0700 2843198825Sedwin# to Russia Zone 5 - Novosibirsk Time Zone (NOV) UTC +0600 284486222Swollman# 2845309574Sglebius# This is according to Government of Russia decree No. 740, on September 2846198825Sedwin# 14, 2009 "Application in the territory of the Kemerovo region the Fifth 2847198825Sedwin# time zone." ("Russia Zone 5" or old "USSR Zone 5" is GMT +0600) 2848198825Sedwin# 2849198825Sedwin# Russian Government web site (Russian language) 2850198825Sedwin# http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archive/2009/09/14/991633.htm 2851198825Sedwin# or Russian-English translation by WorldTimeZone.com with reference 2852198825Sedwin# map to local region and new Russia Time Zone map after March 28, 2010 2853198825Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html 2854198825Sedwin# 2855198825Sedwin# Thus, when Russia will switch to DST on the night of March 28, 2010 2856198825Sedwin# Kemerovo region (Kemerovo oblast') will not change the clock. 2857198825Sedwin 2858270817Spluknet# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02): 2859270817Spluknet# The Kemerovo region will remain at UTC+7 through the 2014-10-26 change, thus 2860270817Spluknet# realigning itself with KRAT. 2861270817Spluknet 2862309574SglebiusZone Asia/Novokuznetsk 5:48:48 - LMT 1924 May 1 2863309574Sglebius 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21 2864309574Sglebius 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2865309574Sglebius 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2866309574Sglebius 7:00 Russia +07/+08 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 2867309574Sglebius 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2868309574Sglebius 7:00 - +07 2869198825Sedwin 2870270817Spluknet# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 2871270817Spluknet# Asia/Krasnoyarsk covers... 2872309574Sglebius# 17 RU-TY Tuva Republic 2873309574Sglebius# 19 RU-KK Khakassia, Republic of 2874309574Sglebius# 24 RU-KYA Krasnoyarsk Krai 2875198825Sedwin# 2876270817Spluknet# Note: Effective 2007-01-01, (88) Evenk Autonomous Okrug and (84) Taymyr 2877270817Spluknet# Autonomous Okrug were merged into (24, RU-KYA) Krasnoyarsk Krai. 2878270817Spluknet 2879309574Sglebius# Byalokoz 1919 says Krasnoyarsk was 6:11:26. 2880270817Spluknet 2881309574SglebiusZone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:26 - LMT 1920 Jan 6 2882309574Sglebius 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21 2883309574Sglebius 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2884309574Sglebius 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2885309574Sglebius 7:00 Russia +07/+08 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2886309574Sglebius 8:00 - +08 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2887309574Sglebius 7:00 - +07 2888270817Spluknet 2889309574Sglebius 2890270817Spluknet# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 2891270817Spluknet# Asia/Irkutsk covers... 2892309574Sglebius# 03 RU-BU Buryatia, Republic of 2893309574Sglebius# 38 RU-IRK Irkutsk Oblast 289486222Swollman# 2895270817Spluknet# Note: Effective 2008-01-01, (85) Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug was 2896270817Spluknet# merged into (38, RU-IRK) Irkutsk Oblast. 2897270817Spluknet 2898309574Sglebius# Milne 1899 says Irkutsk was 6:57:15. 2899309574Sglebius# Byalokoz 1919 says Irkutsk was 6:57:05. 2900309574Sglebius# Go with Byalokoz. 2901270817Spluknet 2902309574SglebiusZone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:05 - LMT 1880 2903309574Sglebius 6:57:05 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time 2904309574Sglebius 7:00 - +07 1930 Jun 21 2905309574Sglebius 8:00 Russia +08/+09 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2906309574Sglebius 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2907309574Sglebius 8:00 Russia +08/+09 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2908309574Sglebius 9:00 - +09 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2909309574Sglebius 8:00 - +08 2910270817Spluknet 2911270817Spluknet 2912270817Spluknet# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): 2913270817Spluknet# Asia/Chita covers... 2914309574Sglebius# 92 RU-ZAB Zabaykalsky Krai 291586222Swollman# 2916270817Spluknet# Note: Effective 2008-03-01, (75) Chita Oblast and (80) Agin-Buryat 2917270817Spluknet# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (92, RU-ZAB) Zabaykalsky Krai. 2918200835Sedwin 2919309574Sglebius# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-01-02): 2920309574Sglebius# [The] time zone in the Trans-Baikal Territory (Zabaykalsky Krai) - 2921309574Sglebius# Asia/Chita [is changing] from UTC+8 to UTC+9. Effective date will 2922309574Sglebius# be March 27, 2016 at 2:00am.... 2923309574Sglebius# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201512300107 2924309574Sglebius 2925270817SpluknetZone Asia/Chita 7:33:52 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 2926309574Sglebius 8:00 - +08 1930 Jun 21 2927309574Sglebius 9:00 Russia +09/+10 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2928309574Sglebius 8:00 Russia +08/+09 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2929309574Sglebius 9:00 Russia +09/+10 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2930309574Sglebius 10:00 - +10 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2931309574Sglebius 8:00 - +08 2016 Mar 27 2:00 2932309574Sglebius 9:00 - +09 2933200835Sedwin 2934200835Sedwin 2935270817Spluknet# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): 2936270817Spluknet# Asia/Yakutsk covers... 2937309574Sglebius# 28 RU-AMU Amur Oblast 2938270817Spluknet# 2939270817Spluknet# ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: 2940270817Spluknet# 14-02 **** Aldansky District 2941270817Spluknet# 14-04 **** Amginsky District 2942270817Spluknet# 14-05 **** Anabarsky District 2943270817Spluknet# 14-06 **** Bulunsky District 2944270817Spluknet# 14-07 **** Verkhnevilyuysky District 2945270817Spluknet# 14-10 **** Vilyuysky District 2946270817Spluknet# 14-11 **** Gorny District 2947270817Spluknet# 14-12 **** Zhigansky District 2948270817Spluknet# 14-13 **** Kobyaysky District 2949270817Spluknet# 14-14 **** Lensky District 2950270817Spluknet# 14-15 **** Megino-Kangalassky District 2951270817Spluknet# 14-16 **** Mirninsky District 2952270817Spluknet# 14-18 **** Namsky District 2953270817Spluknet# 14-19 **** Neryungrinsky District 2954270817Spluknet# 14-21 **** Nyurbinsky District 2955270817Spluknet# 14-23 **** Olenyoksky District 2956270817Spluknet# 14-24 **** Olyokminsky District 2957270817Spluknet# 14-26 **** Suntarsky District 2958270817Spluknet# 14-27 **** Tattinsky District 2959270817Spluknet# 14-29 **** Ust-Aldansky District 2960270817Spluknet# 14-32 **** Khangalassky District 2961270817Spluknet# 14-33 **** Churapchinsky District 2962270817Spluknet# 14-34 **** Eveno-Bytantaysky National District 2963270817Spluknet 2964270817Spluknet# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 2965270817Spluknet# Our commentary seems to have lost mention of (14-19) Neryungrinsky District. 2966270817Spluknet# Since the surrounding districts of Sakha are all YAKT, assume this is, too. 2967270817Spluknet# Also assume its history has been the same as the rest of Asia/Yakutsk. 2968270817Spluknet 2969309574Sglebius# Byalokoz 1919 says Yakutsk was 8:38:58. 2970270817Spluknet 2971309574SglebiusZone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:58 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 2972309574Sglebius 8:00 - +08 1930 Jun 21 2973309574Sglebius 9:00 Russia +09/+10 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2974309574Sglebius 8:00 Russia +08/+09 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2975309574Sglebius 9:00 Russia +09/+10 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2976309574Sglebius 10:00 - +10 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2977309574Sglebius 9:00 - +09 2978270817Spluknet 2979309574Sglebius 2980270817Spluknet# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): 2981270817Spluknet# Asia/Vladivostok covers... 2982309574Sglebius# 25 RU-PRI Primorsky Krai 2983309574Sglebius# 27 RU-KHA Khabarovsk Krai 2984309574Sglebius# 79 RU-YEV Jewish Autonomous Oblast 298586222Swollman# 2986270817Spluknet# ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: 2987270817Spluknet# 14-09 **** Verkhoyansky District 2988270817Spluknet# 14-31 **** Ust-Yansky District 2989200835Sedwin 2990309574Sglebius# Milne 1899 says Vladivostok was 8:47:33.5. 2991309574Sglebius# Byalokoz 1919 says Vladivostok was 8:47:31. 2992309574Sglebius# Go with Byalokoz. 2993270817Spluknet 2994309574SglebiusZone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:31 - LMT 1922 Nov 15 2995309574Sglebius 9:00 - +09 1930 Jun 21 2996309574Sglebius 10:00 Russia +10/+11 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2997309574Sglebius 9:00 Russia +09/+10 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2998309574Sglebius 10:00 Russia +10/+11 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2999309574Sglebius 11:00 - +11 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3000309574Sglebius 10:00 - +10 3001248307Sedwin 3002270817Spluknet 3003270817Spluknet# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 3004270817Spluknet# Asia/Khandyga covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: 3005270817Spluknet# 14-28 **** Tomponsky District 3006270817Spluknet# 14-30 **** Ust-Maysky District 3007270817Spluknet 3008248307Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09): 3009248307Sedwin# Tomponskij and Ust'-Majskij switched from Vladivostok time to Yakutsk time 3010248307Sedwin# in 2011. 3011270817Spluknet 3012248307Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2012-11-25): 3013248307Sedwin# Shanks and Pottenger (2003) has Khandyga on Yakutsk time. 3014248307Sedwin# Make a wild guess that it switched to Vladivostok time in 2004. 3015248307Sedwin# This transition is no doubt wrong, but we have no better info. 3016270817Spluknet 3017248307SedwinZone Asia/Khandyga 9:02:13 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 3018309574Sglebius 8:00 - +08 1930 Jun 21 3019309574Sglebius 9:00 Russia +09/+10 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3020309574Sglebius 8:00 Russia +08/+09 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3021309574Sglebius 9:00 Russia +09/+10 2004 3022309574Sglebius 10:00 Russia +10/+11 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3023309574Sglebius 11:00 - +11 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725? 3024309574Sglebius 10:00 - +10 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3025309574Sglebius 9:00 - +09 3026248307Sedwin 3027270817Spluknet 3028270817Spluknet# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 3029270817Spluknet# Asia/Sakhalin covers... 3030309574Sglebius# 65 RU-SAK Sakhalin Oblast 3031270817Spluknet# ...with the exception of: 3032270817Spluknet# 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands) 3033270817Spluknet 3034309574Sglebius# From Matt Johnson (2016-02-22): 3035309574Sglebius# Asia/Sakhalin is moving (in entirety) from UTC+10 to UTC+11 ... 3036309574Sglebius# (2016-03-09): 3037309574Sglebius# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090044 3038309574Sglebius 3039270817Spluknet# The Zone name should be Asia/Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long. 304086222SwollmanZone Asia/Sakhalin 9:30:48 - LMT 1905 Aug 23 3041309574Sglebius 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 25 3042309574Sglebius 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T 3043309574Sglebius 10:00 Russia +10/+11 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3044309574Sglebius 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s 3045309574Sglebius 10:00 Russia +10/+11 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3046309574Sglebius 11:00 - +11 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3047309574Sglebius 10:00 - +10 2016 Mar 27 2:00s 3048309574Sglebius 11:00 - +11 3049200835Sedwin 3050270817Spluknet 3051270817Spluknet# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): 3052270817Spluknet# Asia/Magadan covers... 3053309574Sglebius# 49 RU-MAG Magadan Oblast 3054270817Spluknet 3055270817Spluknet# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02): 3056270817Spluknet# Magadan Oblast is moving from UTC+12 to UTC+10 on 2014-10-26; however, 3057270817Spluknet# several districts of Sakha Republic as well as Severo-Kurilsky District of 3058270817Spluknet# the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands), represented 3059270817Spluknet# until now by Asia/Magadan, will instead move to UTC+11. These regions will 3060270817Spluknet# need their own zone. 3061270817Spluknet 3062309574Sglebius# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-03-27): 3063309574Sglebius# ... draft bill 948300-6 to change its time zone from UTC+10 to UTC+11 ... 3064309574Sglebius# will take ... effect ... on April 24, 2016 at 2 o'clock 3065309574Sglebius# 3066309574Sglebius# From Matt Johnson (2016-04-05): 3067309574Sglebius# ... signed by the President today ... 3068309574Sglebius# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201604050038 3069309574Sglebius 30702742SwollmanZone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 3071309574Sglebius 10:00 - +10 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time 3072309574Sglebius 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3073309574Sglebius 10:00 Russia +10/+11 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3074309574Sglebius 11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3075309574Sglebius 12:00 - +12 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3076309574Sglebius 10:00 - +10 2016 Apr 24 2:00s 3077309574Sglebius 11:00 - +11 3078248307Sedwin 3079270817Spluknet 3080270817Spluknet# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): 3081270817Spluknet# Asia/Srednekolymsk covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: 3082270817Spluknet# 14-01 **** Abyysky District 3083270817Spluknet# 14-03 **** Allaikhovsky District 3084270817Spluknet# 14-08 **** Verkhnekolymsky District 3085270817Spluknet# 14-17 **** Momsky District 3086270817Spluknet# 14-20 **** Nizhnekolymsky District 3087270817Spluknet# 14-25 **** Srednekolymsky District 3088270817Spluknet# 3089270817Spluknet# ...and parts of (65, RU-SAK) Sakhalin Oblast: 3090270817Spluknet# 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands) 3091270817Spluknet 3092270817Spluknet# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02): 3093270817Spluknet# Oymyakonsky District of Sakha Republic (represented by Ust-Nera), along with 3094270817Spluknet# most of Sakhalin Oblast (represented by Sakhalin) will be moving to UTC+10 on 3095270817Spluknet# 2014-10-26 to stay aligned with VLAT/SAKT; however, Severo-Kurilsky District 3096270817Spluknet# of the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands, represented by 3097270817Spluknet# Severo-Kurilsk) will remain on UTC+11. 3098270817Spluknet 3099270817Spluknet# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): 3100270817Spluknet# Assume North Kuril Islands have history like Magadan before 2011-03-27. 3101270817Spluknet# There is a decent chance this is wrong, in which case a new zone 3102270817Spluknet# Asia/Severo-Kurilsk would become necessary. 3103270817Spluknet# 3104270817Spluknet# Srednekolymsk and Zyryanka are the most populous places amongst these 3105270817Spluknet# districts, but have very similar populations. In fact, Wikipedia currently 3106270817Spluknet# lists them both as having 3528 people, exactly 1668 males and 1860 females 3107270817Spluknet# each! (Yikes!) 3108270817Spluknet# http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Srednekolymsky_District&oldid=603435276 3109270817Spluknet# http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Verkhnekolymsky_District&oldid=594378493 3110270817Spluknet# Assume this is a mistake, albeit an amusing one. 3111270817Spluknet# 3112270817Spluknet# Looking at censuses, the populations of the two municipalities seem to have 3113270817Spluknet# fluctuated recently. Zyryanka was more populous than Srednekolymsk in the 3114270817Spluknet# 1989 and 2002 censuses, but Srednekolymsk was more populous in the most 3115270817Spluknet# recent (2010) census, 3525 to 3170. (See pages 195 and 197 of 3116270817Spluknet# http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/Documents/Vol1/pub-01-05.pdf 3117270817Spluknet# in Russian.) In addition, Srednekolymsk appears to be a much older 3118270817Spluknet# settlement and the population of Zyryanka seems to be declining. 3119270817Spluknet# Go with Srednekolymsk. 3120270817Spluknet 3121270817SpluknetZone Asia/Srednekolymsk 10:14:52 - LMT 1924 May 2 3122309574Sglebius 10:00 - +10 1930 Jun 21 3123309574Sglebius 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3124309574Sglebius 10:00 Russia +10/+11 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3125309574Sglebius 11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3126309574Sglebius 12:00 - +12 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3127309574Sglebius 11:00 - +11 3128270817Spluknet 3129270817Spluknet 3130270817Spluknet# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 3131270817Spluknet# Asia/Ust-Nera covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: 3132270817Spluknet# 14-22 **** Oymyakonsky District 3133270817Spluknet 3134248307Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09): 3135270817Spluknet# Ojmyakonskij [and the Kuril Islands] switched from 3136248307Sedwin# Magadan time to Vladivostok time in 2011. 3137270817Spluknet# 3138270817Spluknet# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02): 3139270817Spluknet# It's unlikely that any of the Kuril Islands were involved in such a switch, 3140270817Spluknet# as the South and Middle Kurils have been on UTC+11 (SAKT) with the rest of 3141270817Spluknet# Sakhalin Oblast since at least 2011-09, and the North Kurils have been on 3142270817Spluknet# UTC+12 since at least then, too. 3143270817Spluknet 3144248307SedwinZone Asia/Ust-Nera 9:32:54 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 3145309574Sglebius 8:00 - +08 1930 Jun 21 3146309574Sglebius 9:00 Russia +09/+10 1981 Apr 1 3147309574Sglebius 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3148309574Sglebius 10:00 Russia +10/+11 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3149309574Sglebius 11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3150309574Sglebius 12:00 - +12 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725? 3151309574Sglebius 11:00 - +11 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3152309574Sglebius 10:00 - +10 3153248307Sedwin 3154270817Spluknet 3155270817Spluknet# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 3156270817Spluknet# Asia/Kamchatka covers... 3157309574Sglebius# 91 RU-KAM Kamchatka Krai 315886222Swollman# 3159270817Spluknet# Note: Effective 2007-07-01, (41) Kamchatka Oblast and (82) Koryak 3160270817Spluknet# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (91, RU-KAM) Kamchatka Krai. 3161270817Spluknet 3162270817Spluknet# The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski or perhaps 3163270817Spluknet# Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, but these are too long. 316458787SruZone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10 3165309574Sglebius 11:00 - +11 1930 Jun 21 3166309574Sglebius 12:00 Russia +12/+13 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3167309574Sglebius 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3168309574Sglebius 12:00 Russia +12/+13 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 3169309574Sglebius 11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3170309574Sglebius 12:00 - +12 3171270817Spluknet 3172270817Spluknet 3173270817Spluknet# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 3174270817Spluknet# Asia/Anadyr covers... 3175309574Sglebius# 87 RU-CHU Chukotka Autonomous Okrug 3176270817Spluknet 31772742SwollmanZone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2 3178309574Sglebius 12:00 - +12 1930 Jun 21 3179309574Sglebius 13:00 Russia +13/+14 1982 Apr 1 0:00s 3180309574Sglebius 12:00 Russia +12/+13 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3181309574Sglebius 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3182309574Sglebius 12:00 Russia +12/+13 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 3183309574Sglebius 11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3184309574Sglebius 12:00 - +12 31852742Swollman 3186270817Spluknet 3187257697Sedwin# San Marino 3188257697Sedwin# See Europe/Rome. 3189257697Sedwin 3190163302Sru# Serbia 3191114173Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3192114173SwollmanZone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 3193114173Swollman 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 3194181424Sedwin 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 3195309574Sglebius 1:00 - CET 1945 May 8 2:00s 3196114173Swollman 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 3197270817Spluknet# Metod Ko��elj reports that the legal date of 3198114173Swollman# transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time. 3199270817Spluknet# Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Ko��elj. 3200114173Swollman 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 3201114173Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 3202114173SwollmanLink Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia 3203163302SruLink Europe/Belgrade Europe/Podgorica # Montenegro 3204114173SwollmanLink Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina 3205114173SwollmanLink Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # Macedonia 3206114173SwollmanLink Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia 3207114173Swollman 320814343Swollman# Slovakia 320914343SwollmanLink Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava 32109908Swollman 32112742Swollman# Slovenia 3212257697Sedwin# See Europe/Belgrade. 32132742Swollman 32142742Swollman# Spain 32152742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 3216158421Swollman# For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1; 3217158421Swollman# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 321819878SwollmanRule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 S 32192742SwollmanRule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 - 322019878SwollmanRule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 322119878SwollmanRule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S 3222158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 322319878SwollmanRule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S 3224158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 32252742SwollmanRule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 - 322619878SwollmanRule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 3227158421Swollman# Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 32282742SwollmanRule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 322919878SwollmanRule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 323019878SwollmanRule Spain 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 323119878SwollmanRule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 3232158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13; 3233158421Swollman# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 323419878SwollmanRule Spain 1937 only - May 22 23:00s 1:00 S 32352742SwollmanRule Spain 1937 1939 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 323619878SwollmanRule Spain 1938 only - Mar 22 23:00s 1:00 S 323719878SwollmanRule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 323819878SwollmanRule Spain 1940 only - Mar 16 23:00s 1:00 S 3239158421Swollman# Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 324043014SwollmanRule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer 324119878SwollmanRule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 22:00s 1:00 S 324243014SwollmanRule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 22:00s 2:00 M 324319878SwollmanRule Spain 1943 only - Oct 3 22:00s 1:00 S 324419878SwollmanRule Spain 1944 only - Oct 10 22:00s 1:00 S 324519878SwollmanRule Spain 1945 only - Sep 30 1:00 1:00 S 324614343SwollmanRule Spain 1946 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 324719878SwollmanRule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S 32482742SwollmanRule Spain 1949 only - Sep 30 1:00 0 - 324919878SwollmanRule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S 32502742SwollmanRule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 - 325119878SwollmanRule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 S 32522742SwollmanRule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 325319878SwollmanRule Spain 1977 1978 - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S 32542742SwollmanRule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 325519878Swollman# The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978. 325619878SwollmanRule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S 325719878SwollmanRule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 325819878SwollmanRule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S 325919878SwollmanRule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 326019878SwollmanRule SpainAfrica 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 326119878SwollmanRule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 326219878SwollmanRule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 326319878SwollmanRule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 326419878SwollmanRule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 32652742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3266158421SwollmanZone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 0:00s 326719878Swollman 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1946 Sep 30 326819878Swollman 1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979 326919878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 327019878SwollmanZone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1901 327119878Swollman 0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00 327219878Swollman 0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00 327319878Swollman 0:00 - WET 1924 327419878Swollman 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929 3275309574Sglebius 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 327619878Swollman 1:00 - CET 1986 327719878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 32782742SwollmanZone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C. 3279309574Sglebius -1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries T 3280309574Sglebius 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s 3281309574Sglebius 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 1:00u 328219878Swollman 0:00 EU WE%sT 328320094Swollman# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u. 328420094Swollman# Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU. 32852742Swollman 328619878Swollman# Sweden 328786222Swollman 3288158421Swollman# From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger: 328986222Swollman# 3290270817Spluknet# The law "Svensk f��rfattningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879: 329186222Swollman# From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all 329286222Swollman# places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at 329386222Swollman# three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the 329486222Swollman# meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31. 329586222Swollman# 329686222Swollman# The observatory at that time had the meridian 18 degrees 03' 30" 329786222Swollman# eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time. Less 12 minutes gives the 329886222Swollman# national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT.... 329986222Swollman# 330086222Swollman# About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk 3301270817Spluknet# f��rfattningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning 330286222Swollman# of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at 330386222Swollman# the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English 330486222Swollman# observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west 330586222Swollman# from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 330686222Swollman# 1899-06-16. In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time 330786222Swollman# in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT. 330886222Swollman# 3309270817Spluknet# 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk f��rfattningssamling 1916, no 124") states 331086222Swollman# that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is 331186222Swollman# pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00.... 331286222Swollman# Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later". 331386222Swollman# 331486222Swollman# The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish 331586222Swollman# Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are 331686222Swollman# not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available 331786222Swollman# in Swedish): <http://www.riksdagen.se/english/work/sfst.asp> (type 331886222Swollman# "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click 3319270817Spluknet# the S��k-button). 332086222Swollman# 332186222Swollman# (2001-05-13): 332286222Swollman# 332386222Swollman# I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00 332486222Swollman# summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show 332586222Swollman# 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time. The article also reports that some 332686222Swollman# people thought the switch to standard time would take place already 332786222Swollman# at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another 332886222Swollman# hour before the event took place. 332986222Swollman# 333086222Swollman# Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left. 333186222Swollman 33322742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 333386222SwollmanZone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1 3334309574Sglebius 1:00:14 - SET 1900 Jan 1 # Swedish Time 333586222Swollman 1:00 - CET 1916 May 14 23:00 3336309574Sglebius 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Oct 1 1:00 333719878Swollman 1:00 - CET 1980 333819878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 33392742Swollman 33402742Swollman# Switzerland 334158787Sru# From Howse: 33422742Swollman# By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace 33432742Swollman# and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep 3344270817Spluknet# mean time in preference to apparent time - Geneva from 1780 .... 33452742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 3346257697Sedwin# From Whitman (who writes "Midnight?"): 3347187588Sedwin# Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S 3348187588Sedwin# Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 - 3349158421Swollman# From Shanks & Pottenger: 3350187588Sedwin# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 3351187588Sedwin# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 3352187588Sedwin 3353187588Sedwin# From Alois Treindl (2008-12-17): 3354187588Sedwin# I have researched the DST usage in Switzerland during the 1940ies. 3355187588Sedwin# 3356187588Sedwin# As I wrote in an earlier message, I suspected the current tzdata values 3357187588Sedwin# to be wrong. This is now verified. 3358187588Sedwin# 3359187588Sedwin# I have found copies of the original ruling by the Swiss Federal 3360270817Spluknet# government, in 'Eidgen��ssische Gesetzessammlung 1941 and 1942' (Swiss 3361187588Sedwin# federal law collection)... 3362187588Sedwin# 3363187588Sedwin# DST began on Monday 5 May 1941, 1:00 am by shifting the clocks to 2:00 am 3364187588Sedwin# DST ended on Monday 6 Oct 1941, 2:00 am by shifting the clocks to 1:00 am. 3365187588Sedwin# 3366187588Sedwin# DST began on Monday, 4 May 1942 at 01:00 am 3367187588Sedwin# DST ended on Monday, 5 Oct 1942 at 02:00 am 3368187588Sedwin# 3369187588Sedwin# There was no DST in 1940, I have checked the law collection carefully. 3370187588Sedwin# It is also indicated by the fact that the 1942 entry in the law 3371187588Sedwin# collection points back to 1941 as a reference, but no reference to any 3372187588Sedwin# other years are made. 3373187588Sedwin# 3374187588Sedwin# Newspaper articles I have read in the archives on 6 May 1941 reported 3375187588Sedwin# about the introduction of DST (Sommerzeit in German) during the previous 3376187588Sedwin# night as an absolute novelty, because this was the first time that such 3377187588Sedwin# a thing had happened in Switzerland. 3378187588Sedwin# 3379270817Spluknet# I have also checked 1916, because one book source (Gabriel, Trait�� de 3380187588Sedwin# l'heure dans le monde) claims that Switzerland had DST in 1916. This is 3381187588Sedwin# false, no official document could be found. Probably Gabriel got misled 3382187588Sedwin# by references to Germany, which introduced DST in 1916 for the first time. 3383187588Sedwin# 3384187588Sedwin# The tzdata rules for Switzerland must be changed to: 3385187588Sedwin# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S 3386187588Sedwin# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 - 3387187588Sedwin# 3388187588Sedwin# The 1940 rules must be deleted. 3389187588Sedwin# 3390187588Sedwin# One further detail for Switzerland, which is probably out of scope for 3391257697Sedwin# most users of tzdata: The [Europe/Zurich zone] ... 3392187588Sedwin# describes all of Switzerland correctly, with the exception of 3393270817Spluknet# the Canton de Gen��ve (Geneva, Genf). Between 1848 and 1894 Geneva did not 3394187588Sedwin# follow Bern Mean Time but kept its own local mean time. 3395187588Sedwin# To represent this, an extra zone would be needed. 3396257697Sedwin# 3397257697Sedwin# From Alois Treindl (2013-09-11): 3398257697Sedwin# The Federal regulations say 3399257697Sedwin# http://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20071096/index.html 3400270817Spluknet# ... the meridian for Bern mean time ... is 7 degrees 26' 22.50". 3401257697Sedwin# Expressed in time, it is 0h29m45.5s. 3402187588Sedwin 3403257697Sedwin# From Pierre-Yves Berger (2013-09-11): 3404270817Spluknet# the "Circulaire du conseil f��d��ral" (December 11 1893) 3405309574Sglebius# http://www.amtsdruckschriften.bar.admin.ch/viewOrigDoc.do?id=10071353 3406257697Sedwin# clearly states that the [1894-06-01] change should be done at midnight 3407257697Sedwin# but if no one is present after 11 at night, could be postponed until one 3408257697Sedwin# hour before the beginning of service. 3409257697Sedwin 3410257697Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-11): 3411257697Sedwin# Round BMT to the nearest even second, 0:29:46. 3412257697Sedwin# 3413257697Sedwin# We can find no reliable source for Shanks's assertion that all of Switzerland 3414257697Sedwin# except Geneva switched to Bern Mean Time at 00:00 on 1848-09-12. This book: 3415257697Sedwin# 3416270817Spluknet# Jakob Messerli. Gleichm��ssig, p��nktlich, schnell. Zeiteinteilung und 3417257697Sedwin# Zeitgebrauch in der Schweiz im 19. Jahrhundert. Chronos, Zurich 1995, 3418257697Sedwin# ISBN 3-905311-68-2, OCLC 717570797. 3419257697Sedwin# 3420257697Sedwin# suggests that the transition was more gradual, and that the Swiss did not 3421257697Sedwin# agree about civil time during the transition. The timekeeping it gives the 3422257697Sedwin# most detail for is postal and telegraph time: here, federal legislation (the 3423270817Spluknet# "Bundesgesetz ��ber die Erstellung von elektrischen Telegraphen") passed on 3424257697Sedwin# 1851-11-23, and an official implementation notice was published 1853-07-16 3425257697Sedwin# (Bundesblatt 1853, Bd. II, S. 859). On p 72 Messerli writes that in 3426257697Sedwin# practice since July 1853 Bernese time was used in "all postal and telegraph 3427257697Sedwin# offices in Switzerland from Geneva to St. Gallen and Basel to Chiasso" 3428257697Sedwin# (Google translation). For now, model this transition as occurring on 3429257697Sedwin# 1853-07-16, though it probably occurred at some other date in Zurich, and 3430257697Sedwin# legal civil time probably changed at still some other transition date. 3431257697Sedwin 3432187588Sedwin# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 3433187588SedwinRule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S 3434187588SedwinRule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 - 34352742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3436257697SedwinZone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1853 Jul 16 # See above comment. 3437309574Sglebius 0:29:46 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time 343819878Swollman 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981 343919878Swollman 1:00 EU CE%sT 34402742Swollman 34412742Swollman# Turkey 3442169811Swollman 3443309574Sglebius# From K��van�� Yazan (2016-09-25): 3444309574Sglebius# 1) For 1986-2006, DST started at 01:00 local and ended at 02:00 local, with 3445309574Sglebius# no exceptions. 3446309574Sglebius# 2) 1994's lastSun was overridden with Mar 20 ... 3447309574Sglebius# Here are official papers: 3448309574Sglebius# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19032.pdf - page 2 for 1986 3449309574Sglebius# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19400.pdf - page 4 for 1987 3450309574Sglebius# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19752.pdf - page 15 for 1988 3451309574Sglebius# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/20102.pdf - page 6 for 1989 3452309574Sglebius# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/20464.pdf - page 1 for 1990 - 1992 3453309574Sglebius# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/21531.pdf - page 15 for 1993 - 1995 3454309574Sglebius# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/21879.pdf - page 1 for overriding 1994 3455309574Sglebius# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/22588.pdf - page 1 for 1996, 1997 3456309574Sglebius# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/23286.pdf - page 10 for 1998 - 2000 3457309574Sglebius# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2001/03/20010324.htm#2 - for 2001 3458309574Sglebius# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2002/03/20020316.htm#2 - for 2002-2006 3459309574Sglebius# From Paul Eggert (2016-09-25): 3460309574Sglebius# Prefer the above sources to Shanks & Pottenger for time stamps after 1985. 3461169811Swollman 3462169811Swollman# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-09): 3463169811Swollman# Starting 2007 though, it seems that they are adopting EU's 1:00 UTC 3464169811Swollman# start/end time, according to the following page (2007-03-07): 3465169811Swollman# http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/402029.asp 3466169811Swollman# The official document is located here - it is in Turkish...: 3467169811Swollman# http://rega.basbakanlik.gov.tr/eskiler/2007/03/20070307-7.htm 3468169811Swollman# I was able to locate the following seemingly official document 3469169811Swollman# (on a non-government server though) describing dates between 2002 and 2006: 3470169811Swollman# http://www.alomaliye.com/bkk_2002_3769.htm 3471169811Swollman 3472270817Spluknet# From G��kdeniz Karada�� (2011-03-10): 3473219687Sedwin# According to the articles linked below, Turkey will change into summer 3474219687Sedwin# time zone (GMT+3) on March 28, 2011 at 3:00 a.m. instead of March 27. 3475219687Sedwin# This change is due to a nationwide exam on 27th. 3476219687Sedwin# http://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872 3477219687Sedwin# Turkish: 3478219687Sedwin# http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/17230464.asp?gid=373 3479183066Sedwin 3480263046Sedwin# From Faruk Pasin (2014-02-14): 3481263046Sedwin# The DST for Turkey has been changed for this year because of the 3482263046Sedwin# Turkish Local election.... 3483263046Sedwin# http://www.sabah.com.tr/Ekonomi/2014/02/12/yaz-saatinde-onemli-degisiklik 3484263046Sedwin# ... so Turkey will move clocks forward one hour on March 31 at 3:00 a.m. 3485270817Spluknet# From Randal L. Schwartz (2014-04-15): 3486270817Spluknet# Having landed on a flight from the states to Istanbul (via AMS) on March 31, 3487270817Spluknet# I can tell you that NOBODY (even the airlines) respected this timezone DST 3488270817Spluknet# change delay. Maybe the word just didn't get out in time. 3489270817Spluknet# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-15): 3490270817Spluknet# The press reported massive confusion, as election officials obeyed the rule 3491270817Spluknet# change but cell phones (and airline baggage systems) did not. See: 3492270817Spluknet# Kostidis M. Eventful elections in Turkey. Balkan News Agency 3493270817Spluknet# http://www.balkaneu.com/eventful-elections-turkey/ 2014-03-30. 3494270817Spluknet# I guess the best we can do is document the official time. 3495263046Sedwin 3496309574Sglebius# From Fatih (2015-09-29): 3497309574Sglebius# It's officially announced now by the Ministry of Energy. 3498309574Sglebius# Turkey delays winter time to 8th of November 04:00 3499309574Sglebius# http://www.aa.com.tr/tr/turkiye/yaz-saati-uygulamasi-8-kasimda-sona-erecek/362217 3500309574Sglebius# 3501309574Sglebius# From BBC News (2015-10-25): 3502309574Sglebius# Confused Turks are asking "what's the time?" after automatic clocks defied a 3503309574Sglebius# government decision ... "For the next two weeks #Turkey is on EEST... Erdogan 3504309574Sglebius# Engineered Standard Time," said Twitter user @aysekarahasan. 3505309574Sglebius# http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34631326 3506309574Sglebius 3507309574Sglebius# From Burak AYDIN (2016-09-08): 3508309574Sglebius# Turkey will stay in Daylight Saving Time even in winter.... 3509309574Sglebius# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2016/09/20160908-2.pdf 3510309574Sglebius# 3511309574Sglebius# From Paul Eggert (2016-09-07): 3512309574Sglebius# The change is permanent, so this is the new standard time in Turkey. 3513309574Sglebius# It takes effect today, which is not much notice. 3514309574Sglebius 35152742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 351619878SwollmanRule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 35172742SwollmanRule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 351819878SwollmanRule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S 35192742SwollmanRule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - 352019878SwollmanRule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 35212742SwollmanRule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 352219878SwollmanRule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 35232742SwollmanRule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 3524158421Swollman# Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925; 3525158421Swollman# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 352619878SwollmanRule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S 35272742SwollmanRule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 352819878SwollmanRule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 352919878SwollmanRule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 S 35302742SwollmanRule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 - 353119878SwollmanRule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S 35322742SwollmanRule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 353319878SwollmanRule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 3534158421Swollman# Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1; 3535158421Swollman# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 35362742SwollmanRule Turkey 1942 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 353719878SwollmanRule Turkey 1945 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 S 35382742SwollmanRule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 353919878SwollmanRule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 35402742SwollmanRule Turkey 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 354119878SwollmanRule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 35422742SwollmanRule Turkey 1947 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - 354319878SwollmanRule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S 354419878SwollmanRule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 S 354519878SwollmanRule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S 35462742SwollmanRule Turkey 1951 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 354719878SwollmanRule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 35482742SwollmanRule Turkey 1962 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 354919878SwollmanRule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 35502742SwollmanRule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 355119878SwollmanRule Turkey 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S 35522742SwollmanRule Turkey 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - 355319878SwollmanRule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 S 35542742SwollmanRule Turkey 1973 only - Nov 4 3:00 0 - 355519878SwollmanRule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 35562742SwollmanRule Turkey 1974 only - Nov 3 5:00 0 - 355719878SwollmanRule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S 35582742SwollmanRule Turkey 1975 1976 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 355919878SwollmanRule Turkey 1976 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 356019878SwollmanRule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 35612742SwollmanRule Turkey 1977 only - Oct 16 0:00 0 - 356219878SwollmanRule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 S 35632742SwollmanRule Turkey 1979 1982 - Oct Mon>=11 0:00 0 - 356419878SwollmanRule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 S 356519878SwollmanRule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 S 35662742SwollmanRule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 356719878SwollmanRule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 S 35682742SwollmanRule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 3569309574SglebiusRule Turkey 1986 1993 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 3570309574SglebiusRule Turkey 1986 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 3571309574SglebiusRule Turkey 1994 only - Mar 20 1:00s 1:00 S 3572309574SglebiusRule Turkey 1995 2006 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 3573169811SwollmanRule Turkey 1996 2006 - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 - 35742742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 35752742SwollmanZone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880 357619878Swollman 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time? 357719878Swollman 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15 3578309574Sglebius 3:00 Turkey +03/+04 1985 Apr 20 3579169811Swollman 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 2007 3580309574Sglebius 2:00 EU EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 1:00u 3581309574Sglebius 2:00 - EET 2011 Mar 28 1:00u 3582309574Sglebius 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 1:00u 3583309574Sglebius 2:00 - EET 2014 Mar 31 1:00u 3584309574Sglebius 2:00 EU EE%sT 2015 Oct 25 1:00u 3585309574Sglebius 2:00 1:00 EEST 2015 Nov 8 1:00u 3586309574Sglebius 2:00 EU EE%sT 2016 Sep 7 3587309574Sglebius 3:00 - +03 35882742SwollmanLink Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents. 35892742Swollman 35902742Swollman# Ukraine 3591114173Swollman# 3592253009Sedwin# From Igor Karpov, who works for the Ukrainian Ministry of Justice, 3593114173Swollman# via Garrett Wollman (2003-01-27): 3594253009Sedwin# BTW, I've found the official document on this matter. It's government 3595309574Sglebius# regulations No. 509, May 13, 1996. In my poor translation it says: 3596114173Swollman# "Time in Ukraine is set to second timezone (Kiev time). Each last Sunday 3597114173Swollman# of March at 3am the time is changing to 4am and each last Sunday of 3598114173Swollman# October the time at 4am is changing to 3am" 3599114173Swollman 3600226289Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-20): 3601226289Sedwin# On September 20, 2011 the deputies of the Verkhovna Rada agreed to 3602226289Sedwin# abolish the transfer clock to winter time. 3603226289Sedwin# 3604309574Sglebius# Bill No. 8330 of MP from the Party of Regions Oleg Nadoshi got 3605226289Sedwin# approval from 266 deputies. 3606226289Sedwin# 3607270817Spluknet# Ukraine abolishes transfer back to the winter time (in Russian) 3608226289Sedwin# http://news.mail.ru/politics/6861560/ 3609226289Sedwin# 3610226289Sedwin# The Ukrainians will no longer change the clock (in Russian) 3611226289Sedwin# http://www.segodnya.ua/news/14290482.html 3612226289Sedwin# 3613226289Sedwin# Deputies cancelled the winter time (in Russian) 3614226289Sedwin# http://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2011/09/20/6600616/ 3615226752Sedwin# 3616226752Sedwin# From Philip Pizzey (2011-10-18): 3617226752Sedwin# Today my Ukrainian colleagues have informed me that the 3618226752Sedwin# Ukrainian parliament have decided that they will go to winter 3619226752Sedwin# time this year after all. 3620226752Sedwin# 3621226752Sedwin# From Udo Schwedt (2011-10-18): 3622253009Sedwin# As far as I understand, the recent change to the Ukrainian time zone 3623226752Sedwin# (Europe/Kiev) to introduce permanent daylight saving time (similar 3624226752Sedwin# to Russia) was reverted today: 3625226752Sedwin# http://portal.rada.gov.ua/rada/control/en/publish/article/info_left?art_id=287324&cat_id=105995 3626226752Sedwin# 3627226752Sedwin# Also reported by Alexander Bokovoy (2011-10-18) who also noted: 3628226752Sedwin# The law documents themselves are at 3629226752Sedwin# http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb_n/webproc4_1?id=&pf3511=41484 3630226289Sedwin 3631263046Sedwin# From Vladimir in Moscow via Alois Treindl re Kiev time 1991/2 (2014-02-28): 3632263046Sedwin# First in Ukraine they changed Time zone from UTC+3 to UTC+2 with DST: 3633263046Sedwin# 03 25 1990 02:00 -03.00 1 Time Zone 3 with DST 3634263046Sedwin# 07 01 1990 02:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST 3635263046Sedwin# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 18.06.1990, No. 134. 3636263046Sedwin# http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/T001500.html 3637263046Sedwin# 3638263046Sedwin# They did not end DST in September, 1990 (according to the law, 3639263046Sedwin# "summer time" was still in action): 3640263046Sedwin# 09 30 1990 03:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST 3641263046Sedwin# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 21.09.1990, No. 272. 3642263046Sedwin# http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/KP900272.html 3643263046Sedwin# 3644263046Sedwin# Again no change in March, 1991 ("summer time" in action): 3645263046Sedwin# 03 31 1991 02:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST 3646263046Sedwin# 3647263046Sedwin# DST ended in September 1991 ("summer time" ended): 3648263046Sedwin# 09 29 1991 03:00 -02.00 0 Time Zone 2, no DST 3649263046Sedwin# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 25.09.1991, No. 225. 3650263046Sedwin# http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_21/pg_iwgdoc.htm 3651263046Sedwin# This is an answer. 3652263046Sedwin# 3653263046Sedwin# Since 1992 they had normal DST procedure: 3654263046Sedwin# 03 29 1992 02:00 -02.00 1 DST started 3655263046Sedwin# 09 27 1992 03:00 -02.00 0 DST ended 3656263046Sedwin# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 20.03.1992, No. 139. 3657263046Sedwin# http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_8u/pg_grcasa.htm 3658226752Sedwin 36592742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 366058787Sru# Most of Ukraine since 1970 has been like Kiev. 3661171948Sedwin# "Kyiv" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but 3662171948Sedwin# "Kiev" is more common in English. 36632742SwollmanZone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880 366458787Sru 2:02:04 - KMT 1924 May 2 # Kiev Mean Time 36652742Swollman 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 366658787Sru 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 20 366758787Sru 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Nov 6 3668309574Sglebius 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 Jul 1 2:00 3669309574Sglebius 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 3:00 367058787Sru 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 3671226752Sedwin 2:00 EU EE%sT 367258787Sru# Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991. 3673270817Spluknet# "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Rusyn/Ukrainian pronunciation, but 3674171948Sedwin# "Uzhgorod" is more common in English. 367558787SruZone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct 367658787Sru 1:00 - CET 1940 367758787Sru 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 367858787Sru 1:00 1:00 CEST 1944 Oct 26 367958787Sru 1:00 - CET 1945 Jun 29 368058787Sru 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 3681309574Sglebius 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 3682309574Sglebius 1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00 368358787Sru 2:00 - EET 1992 368458787Sru 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 3685226752Sedwin 2:00 EU EE%sT 368658787Sru# Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991. 3687171948Sedwin# "Zaporizhia" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but 3688171948Sedwin# "Zaporozh'ye" is more common in English. Use the common English 3689171948Sedwin# spelling, except omit the apostrophe as it is not allowed in 3690171948Sedwin# portable Posix file names. 369158787SruZone Europe/Zaporozhye 2:20:40 - LMT 1880 369258787Sru 2:20 - CUT 1924 May 2 # Central Ukraine T 369358787Sru 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 369458787Sru 3:00 - MSK 1941 Aug 25 369558787Sru 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Oct 25 3696309574Sglebius 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00 369758787Sru 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 3698226752Sedwin 2:00 EU EE%sT 36992742Swollman 3700257697Sedwin# Vatican City 3701257697Sedwin# See Europe/Rome. 3702257697Sedwin 37032742Swollman############################################################################### 37042742Swollman 37052742Swollman# One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from 37062742Swollman# the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986. 37072742Swollman# The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else. 37082742Swollman# 37092742Swollman# According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but 37102742Swollman# uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules. 37112742Swollman# Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at 37122742Swollman# 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey 37132742Swollman# switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time 37142742Swollman# and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST) 37152742Swollman 37162742Swollman# ... 37172742Swollman# Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100 3718149514Swollman# From: Tom Hofmann 37192742Swollman# ... 37202742Swollman# 37212742Swollman# ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when 3722309574Sglebius# most European countries started DST. Before that year, only 37232742Swollman# a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according 37242742Swollman# to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on 37252742Swollman# 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following 37262742Swollman# years... 37272742Swollman# But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions 37282742Swollman# than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST 37292742Swollman# one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep 3730270817Spluknet# lastSun' in 1981 - I don't know how they handle now. 37312742Swollman# 37322742Swollman# Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the 37332742Swollman# Soviet Union (as far as I know). 37342742Swollman# 37352742Swollman# Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG, 37362742Swollman# 4002 Basle, Switzerland 3737149514Swollman# ... 37382742Swollman 37392742Swollman# ... 37402742Swollman# Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100 3741149514Swollman# From: Dik T. Winter 37422742Swollman# ... 37432742Swollman# 37442742Swollman# The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct. 37452742Swollman# After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information 37462742Swollman# about DST in Europe. I was able to find all from about 1969. 37472742Swollman# 37482742Swollman# ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on 37492742Swollman# first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September... 37502742Swollman# In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that 37512742Swollman# the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March. And from 1982 37522742Swollman# the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in 37532742Swollman# the Sov[i]et Union. In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch 37542742Swollman# dates... 37552742Swollman# 37562742Swollman# It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g. 37572742Swollman# Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST... 37582742Swollman# Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not 37592742Swollman# all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations 37602742Swollman# occurred, though not since 1982 I believe. Another note: it is always 37612742Swollman# assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the 37622742Swollman# case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours 37632742Swollman# in advance of normal time. 37642742Swollman# 37652742Swollman# ... 37662742Swollman# dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland 3767149514Swollman# ... 37682742Swollman 376919878Swollman# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): 37702742Swollman# ... 37712742Swollman# Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates). 37722742Swollman# Since 1978. Change at midnight. 37732742Swollman# ... 37742742Swollman# Monaco: has same DST as France. 37752742Swollman# ... 3776