dd.c revision 51212
1/*- 2 * Copyright (c) 1991, 1993, 1994 3 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by 6 * Keith Muller of the University of California, San Diego and Lance 7 * Visser of Convex Computer Corporation. 8 * 9 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 10 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 11 * are met: 12 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 13 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 14 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 15 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 16 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 17 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 18 * must display the following acknowledgement: 19 * This product includes software developed by the University of 20 * California, Berkeley and its contributors. 21 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 22 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 23 * without specific prior written permission. 24 * 25 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 26 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 27 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 28 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 29 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 30 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 31 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 32 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 33 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 34 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 35 * SUCH DAMAGE. 36 */ 37 38#ifndef lint 39static char const copyright[] = 40"@(#) Copyright (c) 1991, 1993, 1994\n\ 41 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n"; 42#endif /* not lint */ 43 44#ifndef lint 45#if 0 46static char sccsid[] = "@(#)dd.c 8.5 (Berkeley) 4/2/94"; 47#endif 48static const char rcsid[] = 49 "$FreeBSD: head/bin/dd/dd.c 51212 1999-09-12 18:56:12Z green $"; 50#endif /* not lint */ 51 52#include <sys/param.h> 53#include <sys/stat.h> 54#include <sys/conf.h> 55#include <sys/diskslice.h> 56#include <sys/filio.h> 57#include <sys/mtio.h> 58 59#include <ctype.h> 60#include <err.h> 61#include <errno.h> 62#include <fcntl.h> 63#include <locale.h> 64#include <stdio.h> 65#include <stdlib.h> 66#include <string.h> 67#include <unistd.h> 68 69#include "dd.h" 70#include "extern.h" 71 72static void dd_close __P((void)); 73static void dd_in __P((void)); 74static void getfdtype __P((IO *)); 75static void setup __P((void)); 76 77IO in, out; /* input/output state */ 78STAT st; /* statistics */ 79void (*cfunc) __P((void)); /* conversion function */ 80quad_t cpy_cnt; /* # of blocks to copy */ 81off_t pending = 0; /* pending seek if sparse */ 82u_int ddflags; /* conversion options */ 83size_t cbsz; /* conversion block size */ 84quad_t files_cnt = 1; /* # of files to copy */ 85const u_char *ctab; /* conversion table */ 86 87int 88main(argc, argv) 89 int argc; 90 char *argv[]; 91{ 92 (void)setlocale(LC_CTYPE, ""); 93 jcl(argv); 94 setup(); 95 96 (void)signal(SIGINFO, summaryx); 97 (void)signal(SIGINT, terminate); 98 99 atexit(summary); 100 101 while (files_cnt--) 102 dd_in(); 103 104 dd_close(); 105 exit(0); 106} 107 108static void 109setup() 110{ 111 u_int cnt; 112 struct timeval tv; 113 114 if (in.name == NULL) { 115 in.name = "stdin"; 116 in.fd = STDIN_FILENO; 117 } else { 118 in.fd = open(in.name, O_RDONLY, 0); 119 if (in.fd == -1) 120 err(1, "%s", in.name); 121 } 122 123 getfdtype(&in); 124 125 if (files_cnt > 1 && !(in.flags & ISTAPE)) 126 errx(1, "files is not supported for non-tape devices"); 127 128 if (out.name == NULL) { 129 /* No way to check for read access here. */ 130 out.fd = STDOUT_FILENO; 131 out.name = "stdout"; 132 } else { 133#define OFLAGS \ 134 (O_CREAT | (ddflags & (C_SEEK | C_NOTRUNC) ? 0 : O_TRUNC)) 135 out.fd = open(out.name, O_RDWR | OFLAGS, DEFFILEMODE); 136 /* 137 * May not have read access, so try again with write only. 138 * Without read we may have a problem if output also does 139 * not support seeks. 140 */ 141 if (out.fd == -1) { 142 out.fd = open(out.name, O_WRONLY | OFLAGS, DEFFILEMODE); 143 out.flags |= NOREAD; 144 } 145 if (out.fd == -1) 146 err(1, "%s", out.name); 147 } 148 149 getfdtype(&out); 150 151 /* 152 * Allocate space for the input and output buffers. If not doing 153 * record oriented I/O, only need a single buffer. 154 */ 155 if (!(ddflags & (C_BLOCK|C_UNBLOCK))) { 156 if ((in.db = malloc(out.dbsz + in.dbsz - 1)) == NULL) 157 err(1, "input buffer"); 158 out.db = in.db; 159 } else if ((in.db = malloc(MAX(in.dbsz, cbsz) + cbsz)) == NULL || 160 (out.db = malloc(out.dbsz + cbsz)) == NULL) 161 err(1, "output buffer"); 162 in.dbp = in.db; 163 out.dbp = out.db; 164 165 /* Position the input/output streams. */ 166 if (in.offset) 167 pos_in(); 168 if (out.offset) 169 pos_out(); 170 171 /* 172 * Truncate the output file; ignore errors because it fails on some 173 * kinds of output files, tapes, for example. 174 */ 175 if ((ddflags & (C_OF | C_SEEK | C_NOTRUNC)) == (C_OF | C_SEEK)) 176 (void)ftruncate(out.fd, out.offset * out.dbsz); 177 178 /* 179 * If converting case at the same time as another conversion, build a 180 * table that does both at once. If just converting case, use the 181 * built-in tables. 182 */ 183 if (ddflags & (C_LCASE|C_UCASE)) { 184 if (ddflags & (C_ASCII|C_EBCDIC)) { 185 if (ddflags & C_LCASE) { 186 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt) 187 casetab[cnt] = tolower(ctab[cnt]); 188 } else { 189 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt) 190 casetab[cnt] = toupper(ctab[cnt]); 191 } 192 } else { 193 if (ddflags & C_LCASE) { 194 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt) 195 casetab[cnt] = tolower(cnt); 196 } else { 197 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt) 198 casetab[cnt] = toupper(cnt); 199 } 200 } 201 ctab = casetab; 202 } 203 204 (void)gettimeofday(&tv, (struct timezone *)NULL); 205 st.start = tv.tv_sec + tv.tv_usec * 1e-6; 206} 207 208static void 209getfdtype(io) 210 IO *io; 211{ 212 struct stat sb; 213 int type; 214 215 if (fstat(io->fd, &sb) == -1) 216 err(1, "%s", io->name); 217 if (S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode) || S_ISBLK(sb.st_mode)) { 218 if (ioctl(io->fd, FIODTYPE, &type) == -1) { 219 warn("%s", io->name); 220 if (S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode)) 221 io->flags |= ISCHR; 222 } else { 223 if (type & D_TAPE) 224 io->flags |= ISTAPE; 225 else if (type & (D_DISK | D_MEM)) 226 io->flags |= ISSEEK; 227 if (S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode) && (type & D_TAPE) == 0) 228 io->flags |= ISCHR; 229 } 230 } else if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode)) 231 io->flags |= ISPIPE; 232} 233 234static void 235dd_in() 236{ 237 ssize_t n; 238 239 for (;;) { 240 if (cpy_cnt && (st.in_full + st.in_part) >= cpy_cnt) 241 return; 242 243 /* 244 * Zero the buffer first if sync; if doing block operations, 245 * use spaces. 246 */ 247 if (ddflags & C_SYNC) { 248 if (ddflags & (C_BLOCK|C_UNBLOCK)) 249 memset(in.dbp, ' ', in.dbsz); 250 else 251 memset(in.dbp, 0, in.dbsz); 252 } 253 254 n = read(in.fd, in.dbp, in.dbsz); 255 if (n == 0) { 256 in.dbrcnt = 0; 257 return; 258 } 259 260 /* Read error. */ 261 if (n == -1) { 262 /* 263 * If noerror not specified, die. POSIX requires that 264 * the warning message be followed by an I/O display. 265 */ 266 if (!(ddflags & C_NOERROR)) 267 err(1, "%s", in.name); 268 warn("%s", in.name); 269 summary(); 270 271 /* 272 * If it's not a tape drive or a pipe, seek past the 273 * error. If your OS doesn't do the right thing for 274 * raw disks this section should be modified to re-read 275 * in sector size chunks. 276 */ 277 if (!(in.flags & (ISPIPE|ISTAPE)) && 278 lseek(in.fd, (off_t)in.dbsz, SEEK_CUR)) 279 warn("%s", in.name); 280 281 /* If sync not specified, omit block and continue. */ 282 if (!(ddflags & C_SYNC)) 283 continue; 284 285 /* Read errors count as full blocks. */ 286 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = in.dbsz; 287 ++st.in_full; 288 289 /* Handle full input blocks. */ 290 } else if (n == in.dbsz) { 291 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = n; 292 ++st.in_full; 293 294 /* Handle partial input blocks. */ 295 } else { 296 /* If sync, use the entire block. */ 297 if (ddflags & C_SYNC) 298 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = in.dbsz; 299 else 300 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = n; 301 ++st.in_part; 302 } 303 304 /* 305 * POSIX states that if bs is set and no other conversions 306 * than noerror, notrunc or sync are specified, the block 307 * is output without buffering as it is read. 308 */ 309 if (ddflags & C_BS) { 310 out.dbcnt = in.dbcnt; 311 dd_out(1); 312 in.dbcnt = 0; 313 continue; 314 } 315 316 if (ddflags & C_SWAB) { 317 if ((n = in.dbrcnt) & 1) { 318 ++st.swab; 319 --n; 320 } 321 swab(in.dbp, in.dbp, n); 322 } 323 324 in.dbp += in.dbrcnt; 325 (*cfunc)(); 326 } 327} 328 329/* 330 * Clea nup any remaining I/O and flush output. If necessary, the output file 331 * is truncated. 332 */ 333static void 334dd_close() 335{ 336 if (cfunc == def) 337 def_close(); 338 else if (cfunc == block) 339 block_close(); 340 else if (cfunc == unblock) 341 unblock_close(); 342 if (ddflags & C_OSYNC && out.dbcnt && out.dbcnt < out.dbsz) { 343 if (ddflags & (C_BLOCK|C_UNBLOCK)) 344 memset(out.dbp, ' ', out.dbsz - out.dbcnt); 345 else 346 memset(out.dbp, 0, out.dbsz - out.dbcnt); 347 out.dbcnt = out.dbsz; 348 } 349 if (out.dbcnt || pending) 350 dd_out(1); 351} 352 353void 354dd_out(force) 355 int force; 356{ 357 u_char *outp; 358 size_t cnt, i, n; 359 ssize_t nw; 360 static int warned; 361 int sparse; 362 363 /* 364 * Write one or more blocks out. The common case is writing a full 365 * output block in a single write; increment the full block stats. 366 * Otherwise, we're into partial block writes. If a partial write, 367 * and it's a character device, just warn. If a tape device, quit. 368 * 369 * The partial writes represent two cases. 1: Where the input block 370 * was less than expected so the output block was less than expected. 371 * 2: Where the input block was the right size but we were forced to 372 * write the block in multiple chunks. The original versions of dd(1) 373 * never wrote a block in more than a single write, so the latter case 374 * never happened. 375 * 376 * One special case is if we're forced to do the write -- in that case 377 * we play games with the buffer size, and it's usually a partial write. 378 */ 379 outp = out.db; 380 for (n = force ? out.dbcnt : out.dbsz;; n = out.dbsz) { 381 for (cnt = n;; cnt -= nw) { 382 sparse = 0; 383 if (ddflags & C_SPARSE) { 384 sparse = 1; /* Is buffer sparse? */ 385 for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++) 386 if (outp[i] != 0) { 387 sparse = 0; 388 break; 389 } 390 } 391 if (sparse && !force) { 392 pending += cnt; 393 nw = cnt; 394 } else { 395 if (pending != 0) { 396 if (force) 397 pending--; 398 if (lseek(out.fd, pending, SEEK_CUR) == 399 -1) 400 err(2, "%s: seek error creating sparse file", 401 out.name); 402 if (force) 403 write(out.fd, outp, 1); 404 pending = 0; 405 } 406 if (cnt) 407 nw = write(out.fd, outp, cnt); 408 else 409 return; 410 } 411 412 if (nw <= 0) { 413 if (nw == 0) 414 errx(1, "%s: end of device", out.name); 415 if (errno != EINTR) 416 err(1, "%s", out.name); 417 nw = 0; 418 } 419 outp += nw; 420 st.bytes += nw; 421 if (nw == n) { 422 if (n != out.dbsz) 423 ++st.out_part; 424 else 425 ++st.out_full; 426 break; 427 } 428 ++st.out_part; 429 if (nw == cnt) 430 break; 431 if (out.flags & ISCHR && !warned) { 432 warned = 1; 433 warnx("%s: short write on character device", 434 out.name); 435 } 436 if (out.flags & ISTAPE) 437 errx(1, "%s: short write on tape device", out.name); 438 } 439 if ((out.dbcnt -= n) < out.dbsz) 440 break; 441 } 442 443 /* Reassemble the output block. */ 444 if (out.dbcnt) 445 (void)memmove(out.db, out.dbp - out.dbcnt, out.dbcnt); 446 out.dbp = out.db + out.dbcnt; 447} 448