UPDATING revision 277808
1Updating Information for FreeBSD current users
2
3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4See end of file for further details.  For commonly done items, please see the
5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file.  These instructions assume that you
6basically know what you are doing.  If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
7handbook:
8
9    http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html
10
11Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12/usr/ports/UPDATING.  Please read that file before running portupgrade.
13
14NOTE: FreeBSD has switched from gcc to clang. If you have trouble bootstrapping
15from older versions of FreeBSD, try WITHOUT_CLANG to bootstrap to the tip of
16stable/10, and then rebuild without this option. The bootstrap process from
17older version of current is a bit fragile.
18
1920150127:	p5	FreeBSD-SA-15:02.kmem
20			FreeBSD-SA-15:03.sctp
21
22	Fix SCTP SCTP_SS_VALUE kernel memory corruption and disclosure
23	vulnerability.  [SA-15:02]
24
25	Fix SCTP stream reset vulnerability.  [SA-15:03]
26
2720150114:	p4	FreeBSD-SA-15:01.openssl
28	Fix multiple vulnerabilities in OpenSSL.  [SA-15:01]
29
3020141223:	p3	FreeBSD-SA-14:31.ntp
31			FreeBSD-EN-14:13.freebsd-update
32
33	Fix multiple vulnerabilities in NTP suite.  [SA-14:31]
34	Fix directory deletion issue in freebsd-update.	 [EN-14:13]
35
3620141217:	p2	FreeBSD-SA-14:30.unbound
37	Fix unbound remote denial of service vulnerability.
38
3920141210:	p1	FreeBSD-SA-14:27.stdio
40			FreeBSD-SA-14:28.file
41
42	Fix buffer overflow in stdio. [SA-14:27]
43
44	Fix multiple vulnerabilities in file(1) and libmagic(3).
45	[SA-14:28]
46
4720140904:
48	The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
49	using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all of physical memory. This
50	will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
51	initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
52	1.12.4_8 or newer.
53
5420140831:
55	The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
56	1 respectively to match the upstream numbers.  They were out of
57	sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
58	upstream versions were not respected.  These libraries are private
59	and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
60	non-issue.  However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
61	programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
62	"make installworld".
63
64	Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
65	/usr/libexec/.  Already-built shell test programs will keep the
66	path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
67	is run.
68
69	If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
70	tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
71	This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
72	binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
73	be removed during a clean upgrade.
74
7520140814:
76	The ixgbe tunables now match their sysctl counterparts, for example:
77	hw.ixgbe.enable_aim => hw.ix.enable_aim
78	Anyone using ixgbe tunables should ensure they update /boot/loader.conf.
79
8020140801:
81	The NFSv4.1 server committed by r269398 changes the internal
82	function call interfaces used between the NFS and krpc modules.
83	As such, __FreeBSD_version was bumped.
84
8520140729:
86	The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
87	issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
88	address ranges.  If you use the local_unbound service, run
89	"service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
90	configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
91	new configuration.
92
9320140717:
94	It is no longer necessary to include the dwarf version in your DEBUG
95	options in your kernel config file. The bug that required it to be
96	placed in the config file has bene fixed. DEBUG should now just
97	contain -g. The build system will automatically update things
98	to do the right thing.
99
10020140715:
101	Several ABI breaking changes were merged to CTL and new iSCSI code.
102	All CTL and iSCSI-related tools, such as ctladm, ctld, iscsid and
103	iscsictl need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
104
10520140708:
106	The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
107	WITHOUT_VT.  (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
108	which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
109
11020140608:
111	On i386 and amd64 systems, the onifconsole flag is now set by default
112	in /etc/ttys for ttyu0. This causes ttyu0 to be automatically enabled
113	as a login TTY if it is set in the bootloader as an active kernel
114	console. No changes in behavior should result otherwise. To revert to
115	the previous behavior, set ttyu0 to "off" in /etc/ttys.
116
11720140512:
118	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
119
12020140321:
121	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
122
12320140306:
124	If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
125	instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
126	Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
127	NO_CLEAN builds.  This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
128	intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
129	  # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
130
13120140303:
132	OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
133	capability mode support.  Please note that enabling the feature in
134	kernel is still highly recommended.
135
13620140227:
137	OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
138	the default privilege separation method.  This requires Capsicum
139	capability mode support in kernel.
140
14120140216:
142	The nve(4) driver for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters has
143	been deprecated and will not be part of FreeBSD 11.0 and later
144	releases.  If you use this driver, please consider switching to
145	the nfe(4) driver instead.
146
14720140120:
148	10.0-RELEASE.
149
15020131216:
151	The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
152	has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
153	than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
154	In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
155	enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
156	be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
157	The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
158	big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
159	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1000701.
160
16120131108:
162	The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
163	has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS.  If you were
164	using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
165	should change your settings to use the latter.
166
16720131031:
168	The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
169	NetBSD.  The output is generally the same, but may vary
170	slightly.  If you found you need identical output adding
171	"-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick.  For the
172	time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
173
17420131014:
175	libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
176	This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
177	1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
178	delete-old-libs":
179	  # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
180	  or
181	  # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
182
18320131010:
184	The rc.d/jail script has been updated to support jail(8)
185	configuration file.  The "jail_<jname>_*" rc.conf(5) variables
186	for per-jail configuration are automatically converted to
187	/var/run/jail.<jname>.conf before the jail(8) utility is invoked.
188	This is transparently backward compatible.  See below about some
189	incompatibilities and rc.conf(5) manual page for more details.
190
191	These variables are now deprecated in favor of jail(8) configuration
192	file.  One can use "rc.d/jail config <jname>" command to generate
193	a jail(8) configuration file in /var/run/jail.<jname>.conf without
194	running the jail(8) utility.   The default pathname of the
195	configuration file is /etc/jail.conf and can be specified by
196	using $jail_conf or $jail_<jname>_conf variables.
197
198	Please note that jail_devfs_ruleset accepts an integer at
199	this moment.  Please consider to rewrite the ruleset name
200	with an integer.
201
20220130930:
203	BIND has been removed from the base system.  If all you need
204	is a local resolver, simply enable and start the local_unbound
205	service instead.  Otherwise, several versions of BIND are
206	available in the ports tree.   The dns/bind99 port is one example.
207
208	With this change, nslookup(1) and dig(1) are no longer in the base
209	system.  Users should instead use host(1) and drill(1) which are
210	in the base system.  Alternatively, nslookup and dig can
211	be obtained by installing the dns/bind-tools port.
212
21320130916:
214	With the addition of unbound(8), a new unbound user is now
215	required during installworld.  "mergemaster -p" can be used to
216	add the user prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
217
21820130911:
219	OpenSSH is now built with DNSSEC support, and will by default
220	silently trust signed SSHFP records.  This can be controlled with
221	the VerifyHostKeyDNS client configuration setting.  DNSSEC support
222	can be disabled entirely with the WITHOUT_LDNS option in src.conf.
223
22420130906:
225	The GNU Compiler Collection and C++ standard library (libstdc++)
226	are no longer built by default on platforms where clang is the system
227	compiler.  You can enable them with the WITH_GCC and WITH_GNUCXX
228	options in src.conf.  
229
23020130905:
231	The PROCDESC kernel option is now part of the GENERIC kernel
232	configuration and is required for the rwhod(8) to work.
233	If you are using custom kernel configuration, you should include
234	'options PROCDESC'.
235
23620130905:
237	The API and ABI related to the Capsicum framework was modified
238	in backward incompatible way. The userland libraries and programs
239	have to be recompiled to work with the new kernel. This includes the
240	following libraries and programs, but the whole buildworld is
241	advised: libc, libprocstat, dhclient, tcpdump, hastd, hastctl,
242	kdump, procstat, rwho, rwhod, uniq.
243
24420130903:
245	AES-NI intrinsic support has been added to gcc.  The AES-NI module
246	has been updated to use this support.  A new gcc is required to build
247	the aesni module on both i386 and amd64.
248
24920130821:
250	The PADLOCK_RNG and RDRAND_RNG kernel options are now devices.
251	Thus "device padlock_rng" and "device rdrand_rng" should be
252	used instead of "options PADLOCK_RNG" & "options RDRAND_RNG".
253
25420130813:
255	WITH_ICONV has been split into two feature sets.  WITH_ICONV now
256	enables just the iconv* functionality and is now on by default.
257	WITH_LIBICONV_COMPAT enables the libiconv api and link time
258	compatability.  Set WITHOUT_ICONV to build the old way.
259	If you have been using WITH_ICONV before, you will very likely
260	need to turn on WITH_LIBICONV_COMPAT.
261
26220130806:
263	INVARIANTS option now enables DEBUG for code with OpenSolaris and
264	Illumos origin, including ZFS.  If you have INVARIANTS in your
265	kernel configuration, then there is no need to set DEBUG or ZFS_DEBUG
266	explicitly.
267	DEBUG used to enable witness(9) tracking of OpenSolaris (mostly ZFS)
268	locks if WITNESS option was set.  Because that generated a lot of
269	witness(9) reports and all of them were believed to be false
270	positives, this is no longer done.  New option OPENSOLARIS_WITNESS
271	can be used to achieve the previous behavior.
272
27320130806:
274	Timer values in IPv6 data structures now use time_uptime instead
275	of time_second.  Although this is not a user-visible functional
276	change, userland utilities which directly use them---ndp(8),
277	rtadvd(8), and rtsold(8) in the base system---need to be updated
278	to r253970 or later.
279
28020130802:
281	find -delete can now delete the pathnames given as arguments,
282	instead of only files found below them or if the pathname did
283	not contain any slashes. Formerly, the following error message
284	would result:
285
286	find: -delete: <path>: relative path potentially not safe
287
288	Deleting the pathnames given as arguments can be prevented
289	without error messages using -mindepth 1 or by changing
290	directory and passing "." as argument to find. This works in the
291	old as well as the new version of find.
292
29320130726:
294	Behavior of devfs rules path matching has been changed.
295	Pattern is now always matched against fully qualified devfs
296	path and slash characters must be explicitly matched by
297	slashes in pattern (FNM_PATHNAME). Rulesets involving devfs
298	subdirectories must be reviewed.
299
30020130716:
301	The default ARM ABI has changed to the ARM EABI. The old ABI is
302	incompatible with the ARM EABI and all programs and modules will
303	need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
304
305	To keep using the old ABI ensure the WITHOUT_ARM_EABI knob is set.
306
307	NOTE: Support for the old ABI will be removed in the future and
308	users are advised to upgrade.
309
31020130709:
311	pkg_install has been disconnected from the build if you really need it
312	you should add WITH_PKGTOOLS in your src.conf(5).
313
31420130709:
315	Most of network statistics structures were changed to be able
316	keep 64-bits counters. Thus all tools, that work with networking
317	statistics, must be rebuilt (netstat(1), bsnmpd(1), etc.)
318
31920130629:
320	Fix targets that run multiple make's to use && rather than ;
321	so that subsequent steps depend on success of previous.
322
323	NOTE: if building 'universe' with -j* on stable/8 or stable/9
324	it would be better to start the build using bmake, to avoid
325	overloading the machine.
326
32720130618:
328	Fix a bug that allowed a tracing process (e.g. gdb) to write
329	to a memory-mapped file in the traced process's address space
330	even if neither the traced process nor the tracing process had
331	write access to that file.
332
33320130615:
334	CVS has been removed from the base system.  An exact copy
335	of the code is available from the devel/cvs port.
336
33720130613:
338	Some people report the following error after the switch to bmake:
339
340		make: illegal option -- J
341		usage: make [-BPSXeiknpqrstv] [-C directory] [-D variable]
342			...
343		*** [buildworld] Error code 2
344
345	this likely due to an old instance of make in
346	${MAKEPATH} (${MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX}${.CURDIR}/make.${MACHINE})
347	which src/Makefile will use that blindly, if it exists, so if
348	you see the above error:
349
350		rm -rf `make -V MAKEPATH`
351
352	should resolve it.
353
35420130516:
355	Use bmake by default.
356	Whereas before one could choose to build with bmake via
357	-DWITH_BMAKE one must now use -DWITHOUT_BMAKE to use the old
358	make. The goal is to remove these knobs for 10-RELEASE.
359
360	It is worth noting that bmake (like gmake) treats the command
361	line as the unit of failure, rather than statements within the
362	command line.  Thus '(cd some/where && dosomething)' is safer
363	than 'cd some/where; dosomething'. The '()' allows consistent
364	behavior in parallel build.
365
36620130429:
367        Fix a bug that allows NFS clients to issue READDIR on files.
368
36920130426:
370	The WITHOUT_IDEA option has been removed because
371	the IDEA patent expired.
372
37320130426:
374	The sysctl which controls TRIM support under ZFS has been renamed
375	from vfs.zfs.trim_disable -> vfs.zfs.trim.enabled and has been
376	enabled by default.
377
37820130425:
379	The mergemaster command now uses the default MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX
380	rather than creating it's own in the temporary directory in
381	order allow access to bootstrapped versions of tools such as
382	install and mtree.  When upgrading from version of FreeBSD where
383	the install command does not support -l, you will need to
384	install a new mergemaster command if mergemaster -p is required.
385	This can be accomplished with the command (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster
386	&& make install).
387
38820130404:
389	Legacy ATA stack, disabled and replaced by new CAM-based one since
390	FreeBSD 9.0, completely removed from the sources.  Kernel modules
391	atadisk and atapi*, user-level tools atacontrol and burncd are
392	removed.  Kernel option `options ATA_CAM` is now permanently enabled
393	and removed.
394
39520130319:
396	SOCK_CLOEXEC and SOCK_NONBLOCK flags have been added to socket(2)
397	and socketpair(2). Software, in particular Kerberos, may
398	automatically detect and use these during building. The resulting
399	binaries will not work on older kernels.
400
40120130308:
402	CTL_DISABLE has also been added to the sparc64 GENERIC (for further
403	information, see the respective 20130304 entry).
404
40520130304:
406	Recent commits to callout(9) changed the size of struct callout,
407	so the KBI is probably heavily disturbed. Also, some functions
408	in callout(9)/sleep(9)/sleepqueue(9)/condvar(9) KPIs were replaced
409	by macros. Every kernel module using it won't load, so rebuild
410	is requested.
411
412	The ctl device has been re-enabled in GENERIC for i386 and amd64,
413	but does not initialize by default (because of the new CTL_DISABLE
414	option) to save memory.  To re-enable it, remove the CTL_DISABLE
415	option from the kernel config file or set kern.cam.ctl.disable=0
416	in /boot/loader.conf.
417
41820130301:
419	The ctl device has been disabled in GENERIC for i386 and amd64.
420	This was done due to the extra memory being allocated at system
421	initialisation time by the ctl driver which was only used if
422	a CAM target device was created.  This makes a FreeBSD system
423	unusable on 128MB or less of RAM.
424
42520130208:
426	A new compression method (lz4) has been merged to -HEAD.  Please
427	refer to zpool-features(7) for more information.
428
429	Please refer to the "ZFS notes" section of this file for information
430	on upgrading boot ZFS pools.
431
43220130129:
433	A BSD-licensed patch(1) variant has been added and is installed
434	as bsdpatch, being the GNU version the default patch.
435	To inverse the logic and use the BSD-licensed one as default,
436	while having the GNU version installed as gnupatch, rebuild
437	and install world with the WITH_BSD_PATCH knob set.
438
43920130121:
440	Due to the use of the new -l option to install(1) during build
441	and install, you must take care not to directly set the INSTALL
442	make variable in your /etc/make.conf, /etc/src.conf, or on the
443	command line.  If you wish to use the -C flag for all installs
444	you may be able to add INSTALL+=-C to /etc/make.conf or
445	/etc/src.conf.
446
44720130118:
448	The install(1) option -M has changed meaning and now takes an
449	argument that is a file or path to append logs to.  In the
450	unlikely event that -M was the last option on the command line
451	and the command line contained at least two files and a target
452	directory the first file will have logs appended to it.  The -M
453	option served little practical purpose in the last decade so its
454	use is expected to be extremely rare.
455
45620121223:
457	After switching to Clang as the default compiler some users of ZFS
458	on i386 systems started to experience stack overflow kernel panics.
459	Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=4' in such configurations.
460
46120121222:
462	GEOM_LABEL now mangles label names read from file system metadata.
463	Mangling affect labels containing spaces, non-printable characters,
464	'%' or '"'. Device names in /etc/fstab and other places may need to
465	be updated.
466
46720121217:
468	By default, only the 10 most recent kernel dumps will be saved.  To
469	restore the previous behaviour (no limit on the number of kernel dumps
470	stored in the dump directory) add the following line to /etc/rc.conf:
471
472		savecore_flags=""
473
47420121201:
475	With the addition of auditdistd(8), a new auditdistd user is now
476	required during installworld.  "mergemaster -p" can be used to
477	add the user prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
478
47920121117:
480	The sin6_scope_id member variable in struct sockaddr_in6 is now
481	filled by the kernel before passing the structure to the userland via
482	sysctl or routing socket.  This means the KAME-specific embedded scope
483	id in sin6_addr.s6_addr[2] is always cleared in userland application.
484	This behavior can be controlled by net.inet6.ip6.deembed_scopeid.
485	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1000025.
486
48720121105:
488	On i386 and amd64 systems WITH_CLANG_IS_CC is now the default.
489	This means that the world and kernel will be compiled with clang
490	and that clang will be installed as /usr/bin/cc, /usr/bin/c++,
491	and /usr/bin/cpp.  To disable this behavior and revert to building
492	with gcc, compile with WITHOUT_CLANG_IS_CC. Really old versions
493	of current may need to bootstrap WITHOUT_CLANG first if the clang
494	build fails (its compatibility window doesn't extend to the 9 stable
495	branch point).
496
49720121102:
498	The IPFIREWALL_FORWARD kernel option has been removed. Its
499	functionality now turned on by default.
500
50120121023:
502	The ZERO_COPY_SOCKET kernel option has been removed and
503	split into SOCKET_SEND_COW and SOCKET_RECV_PFLIP.
504	NB: SOCKET_SEND_COW uses the VM page based copy-on-write
505	mechanism which is not safe and may result in kernel crashes.
506	NB: The SOCKET_RECV_PFLIP mechanism is useless as no current
507	driver supports disposeable external page sized mbuf storage.
508	Proper replacements for both zero-copy mechanisms are under
509	consideration and will eventually lead to complete removal
510	of the two kernel options.
511
51220121023:
513	The IPv4 network stack has been converted to network byte
514	order. The following modules need to be recompiled together
515	with kernel: carp(4), divert(4), gif(4), siftr(4), gre(4),
516	pf(4), ipfw(4), ng_ipfw(4), stf(4).
517
51820121022:
519	Support for non-MPSAFE filesystems was removed from VFS. The
520	VFS_VERSION was bumped, all filesystem modules shall be
521	recompiled.
522
52320121018:
524	All the non-MPSAFE filesystems have been disconnected from
525	the build. The full list includes: codafs, hpfs, ntfs, nwfs,
526	portalfs, smbfs, xfs.
527
52820121016:
529	The interface cloning API and ABI has changed. The following
530	modules need to be recompiled together with kernel:
531	ipfw(4), pfsync(4), pflog(4), usb(4), wlan(4), stf(4),
532	vlan(4), disc(4), edsc(4), if_bridge(4), gif(4), tap(4),
533	faith(4), epair(4), enc(4), tun(4), if_lagg(4), gre(4).
534
53520121015:
536	The sdhci driver was split in two parts: sdhci (generic SD Host
537	Controller logic) and sdhci_pci (actual hardware driver).
538	No kernel config modifications are required, but if you
539	load sdhc as a module you must switch to sdhci_pci instead.
540
54120121014:
542	Import the FUSE kernel and userland support into base system.
543
54420121013:
545	The GNU sort(1) program has been removed since the BSD-licensed
546	sort(1) has been the default for quite some time and no serious
547	problems have been reported.  The corresponding WITH_GNU_SORT
548	knob has also gone.
549
55020121006:
551	The pfil(9) API/ABI for AF_INET family has been changed. Packet
552	filtering modules: pf(4), ipfw(4), ipfilter(4) need to be recompiled
553	with new kernel.
554
55520121001:
556	The net80211(4) ABI has been changed to allow for improved driver
557	PS-POLL and power-save support.  All wireless drivers need to be
558	recompiled to work with the new kernel.
559
56020120913:
561	The random(4) support for the VIA hardware random number
562	generator (`PADLOCK') is no longer enabled unconditionally.
563	Add the padlock_rng device in the custom kernel config if
564	needed.  The GENERIC kernels on i386 and amd64 do include the
565	device, so the change only affects the custom kernel
566	configurations.
567
56820120908:
569	The pf(4) packet filter ABI has been changed. pfctl(8) and
570	snmp_pf module need to be recompiled to work with new kernel.
571
57220120828:
573	A new ZFS feature flag "com.delphix:empty_bpobj" has been merged
574	to -HEAD. Pools that have empty_bpobj in active state can not be
575	imported read-write with ZFS implementations that do not support
576	this feature. For more information read the zpool-features(5)
577	manual page.
578
57920120727:
580	The sparc64 ZFS loader has been changed to no longer try to auto-
581	detect ZFS providers based on diskN aliases but now requires these
582	to be explicitly listed in the OFW boot-device environment variable. 
583
58420120712:
585	The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.1c.  Any binaries requiring
586	libcrypto.so.6 or libssl.so.6 must be recompiled.  Also, there are
587	configuration changes.  Make sure to merge /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf.
588
58920120712:
590	The following sysctls and tunables have been renamed for consistency
591	with other variables:
592	  kern.cam.da.da_send_ordered   -> kern.cam.da.send_ordered
593	  kern.cam.ada.ada_send_ordered -> kern.cam.ada.send_ordered
594
59520120628:
596	The sort utility has been replaced with BSD sort.  For now, GNU sort
597	is also available as "gnusort" or the default can be set back to
598	GNU sort by setting WITH_GNU_SORT.  In this case, BSD sort will be
599	installed as "bsdsort".
600
60120120611:
602	A new version of ZFS (pool version 5000) has been merged to -HEAD.
603	Starting with this version the old system of ZFS pool versioning
604	is superseded by "feature flags". This concept enables forward
605	compatibility against certain future changes in functionality of ZFS
606	pools. The first read-only compatible "feature flag" for ZFS pools
607	is named "com.delphix:async_destroy". For more information
608	read the new zpool-features(5) manual page.
609	Please refer to the "ZFS notes" section of this file for information
610	on upgrading boot ZFS pools.
611
61220120417:
613	The malloc(3) implementation embedded in libc now uses sources imported
614	as contrib/jemalloc.  The most disruptive API change is to
615	/etc/malloc.conf.  If your system has an old-style /etc/malloc.conf,
616	delete it prior to installworld, and optionally re-create it using the
617	new format after rebooting.  See malloc.conf(5) for details
618	(specifically the TUNING section and the "opt.*" entries in the MALLCTL
619	NAMESPACE section).
620
62120120328:
622	Big-endian MIPS TARGET_ARCH values no longer end in "eb".  mips64eb
623	is now spelled mips64.  mipsn32eb is now spelled mipsn32.  mipseb is
624	now spelled mips.  This is to aid compatibility with third-party
625	software that expects this naming scheme in uname(3).  Little-endian
626	settings are unchanged. If you are updating a big-endian mips64 machine
627	from before this change, you may need to set MACHINE_ARCH=mips64 in
628	your environment before the new build system will recognize your machine.
629
63020120306:
631	Disable by default the option VFS_ALLOW_NONMPSAFE for all supported
632	platforms.
633
63420120229:
635	Now unix domain sockets behave "as expected" on	nullfs(5). Previously
636	nullfs(5) did not pass through all behaviours to the underlying layer,
637	as a result if we bound to a socket on the lower layer we could connect
638	only to the lower path; if we bound to the upper layer we could connect
639	only to	the upper path. The new behavior is one can connect to both the
640	lower and the upper paths regardless what layer path one binds to.
641
64220120211:
643	The getifaddrs upgrade path broken with 20111215 has been restored.
644	If you have upgraded in between 20111215 and 20120209 you need to
645	recompile libc again with your kernel.  You still need to recompile
646	world to be able to configure CARP but this restriction already
647	comes from 20111215.
648
64920120114:
650	The set_rcvar() function has been removed from /etc/rc.subr.  All
651	base and ports rc.d scripts have been updated, so if you have a
652	port installed with a script in /usr/local/etc/rc.d you can either
653	hand-edit the rcvar= line, or reinstall the port.
654
655	An easy way to handle the mass-update of /etc/rc.d:
656	rm /etc/rc.d/* && mergemaster -i
657
65820120109:
659	panic(9) now stops other CPUs in the SMP systems, disables interrupts
660	on the current CPU and prevents other threads from running.
661	This behavior can be reverted using the kern.stop_scheduler_on_panic
662	tunable/sysctl.
663	The new behavior can be incompatible with kern.sync_on_panic.
664
66520111215:
666	The carp(4) facility has been changed significantly. Configuration
667	of the CARP protocol via ifconfig(8) has changed, as well as format
668	of CARP events submitted to devd(8) has changed. See manual pages
669	for more information. The arpbalance feature of carp(4) is currently
670	not supported anymore.
671
672	Size of struct in_aliasreq, struct in6_aliasreq has changed. User
673	utilities using SIOCAIFADDR, SIOCAIFADDR_IN6, e.g. ifconfig(8),
674	need to be recompiled.
675
67620111122:
677	The acpi_wmi(4) status device /dev/wmistat has been renamed to
678	/dev/wmistat0.
679
68020111108:
681	The option VFS_ALLOW_NONMPSAFE option has been added in order to
682	explicitely support non-MPSAFE filesystems.
683	It is on by default for all supported platform at this present
684	time.
685
68620111101:
687	The broken amd(4) driver has been replaced with esp(4) in the amd64,
688	i386 and pc98 GENERIC kernel configuration files.
689
69020110930:
691	sysinstall has been removed
692
69320110923:
694	The stable/9 branch created in subversion.  This corresponds to the
695	RELENG_9 branch in CVS.
696
69720110913:
698	This commit modifies vfs_register() so that it uses a hash
699	calculation to set vfc_typenum, which is enabled by default.
700	The first time a system is booted after this change, the
701	vfc_typenum values will change for all file systems. The
702	main effect of this is a change to the NFS server file handles
703	for file systems that use vfc_typenum in their fsid, such as ZFS.
704	It will, however, prevent vfc_typenum from changing when file
705	systems are loaded in a different order for subsequent reboots.
706	To disable this, you can set vfs.typenumhash=0 in /boot/loader.conf
707	until you are ready to remount all NFS clients after a reboot.
708
70920110828:
710	Bump the shared library version numbers for libraries that
711	do not use symbol versioning, have changed the ABI compared
712	to stable/8 and which shared library version was not bumped.
713	Done as part of 9.0-RELEASE cycle.
714
71520110815:
716	During the merge of Capsicum features, the fget(9) KPI was modified.
717	This may require the rebuilding of out-of-tree device drivers --
718	issues have been reported specifically with the nVidia device driver.
719	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 900041.
720
721	Also, there is a period between 20110811 and 20110814 where the
722	special devices /dev/{stdin,stdout,stderr} did not work correctly.
723	Building world from a kernel during that window may not work.
724
72520110628:
726	The packet filter (pf) code has been updated to OpenBSD 4.5.
727	You need to update userland tools to be in sync with kernel.
728	This update breaks backward compatibility with earlier pfsync(4)
729	versions.  Care must be taken when updating redundant firewall setups.
730
73120110608:
732	The following sysctls and tunables are retired on x86 platforms:
733		machdep.hlt_cpus
734		machdep.hlt_logical_cpus
735	The following sysctl is retired:
736		machdep.hyperthreading_allowed
737	The sysctls were supposed to provide a way to dynamically offline and
738	online selected CPUs on x86 platforms, but the implementation has not
739	been reliable especially with SCHED_ULE scheduler.
740	machdep.hyperthreading_allowed tunable is still available to ignore
741	hyperthreading CPUs at OS level.
742	Individual CPUs can be disabled using hint.lapic.X.disabled tunable,
743	where X is an APIC ID of a CPU.  Be advised, though, that disabling
744	CPUs in non-uniform fashion will result in non-uniform topology and
745	may lead to sub-optimal system performance with SCHED_ULE, which is
746	a default scheduler.
747
74820110607:
749	cpumask_t type is retired and cpuset_t is used in order to describe
750	a mask of CPUs.
751
75220110531:
753	Changes to ifconfig(8) for dynamic address family detection mandate
754	that you are running a kernel of 20110525 or later.  Make sure to
755	follow the update procedure to boot a new kernel before installing
756	world.
757
75820110513:
759	Support for sun4v architecture is officially dropped
760
76120110503:
762	Several KPI breaking changes have been committed to the mii(4) layer,
763	the PHY drivers and consequently some Ethernet drivers using mii(4).
764	This means that miibus.ko and the modules of the affected Ethernet
765	drivers need to be recompiled.
766
767	Note to kernel developers: Given that the OUI bit reversion problem
768	was fixed as part of these changes all mii(4) commits related to OUIs,
769	i.e. to sys/dev/mii/miidevs, PHY driver probing and vendor specific
770	handling, no longer can be merged verbatim to stable/8 and previous
771	branches.
772
77320110430:
774	Users of the Atheros AR71xx SoC code now need to add 'device ar71xx_pci'
775	into their kernel configurations along with 'device pci'.
776
77720110427:
778	The default NFS client is now the new NFS client, so fstype "newnfs"
779	is now "nfs" and the regular/old NFS client is now fstype "oldnfs".
780	Although mounts via fstype "nfs" will usually work without userland
781	changes, it is recommended that the mount(8) and mount_nfs(8)
782	commands be rebuilt from sources and that a link to mount_nfs called
783	mount_oldnfs be created. The new client is compiled into the
784	kernel with "options NFSCL" and this is needed for diskless root
785	file systems. The GENERIC kernel configs have been changed to use
786	NFSCL and NFSD (the new server) instead of NFSCLIENT and NFSSERVER.
787	To use the regular/old client, you can "mount -t oldnfs ...". For
788	a diskless root file system, you must also include a line like:
789	
790	vfs.root.mountfrom="oldnfs:"
791
792	in the boot/loader.conf on the root fs on the NFS server to make
793	a diskless root fs use the old client.
794
79520110424:
796	The GENERIC kernels for all architectures now default to the new
797	CAM-based ATA stack. It means that all legacy ATA drivers were
798	removed and replaced by respective CAM drivers. If you are using
799	ATA device names in /etc/fstab or other places, make sure to update
800	them respectively (adX -> adaY, acdX -> cdY, afdX -> daY, astX -> saY,
801	where 'Y's are the sequential numbers starting from zero for each type
802	in order of detection, unless configured otherwise with tunables,
803	see cam(4)). There will be symbolic links created in /dev/ to map
804	old adX devices to the respective adaY. They should provide basic
805	compatibility for file systems mounting in most cases, but they do
806	not support old user-level APIs and do not have respective providers
807	in GEOM. Consider using updated management tools with new device names.
808
809	It is possible to load devices ahci, ata, siis and mvs as modules,
810	but option ATA_CAM should remain in kernel configuration to make ata
811	module work as CAM driver supporting legacy ATA controllers. Device ata
812	still can be used in modular fashion (atacore + ...). Modules atadisk
813	and atapi* are not used and won't affect operation in ATA_CAM mode.
814	Note that to use CAM-based ATA kernel should include CAM devices
815	scbus, pass, da (or explicitly ada), cd and optionally others. All of
816	them are parts of the cam module.
817
818	ataraid(4) functionality is now supported by the RAID GEOM class.
819	To use it you can load geom_raid kernel module and use graid(8) tool
820	for management. Instead of /dev/arX device names, use /dev/raid/rX.
821
822	No kernel config options or code have been removed, so if a problem
823	arises, please report it and optionally revert to the old ATA stack.
824	In order to do it you can remove from the kernel config:
825	    options        ATA_CAM
826	    device         ahci
827	    device         mvs
828	    device         siis
829	, and instead add back:
830	    device         atadisk         # ATA disk drives
831	    device         ataraid         # ATA RAID drives
832	    device         atapicd         # ATAPI CDROM drives
833	    device         atapifd         # ATAPI floppy drives
834	    device         atapist         # ATAPI tape drives
835
83620110423:
837	The default NFS server has been changed to the new server, which
838	was referred to as the experimental server. If you need to switch
839	back to the old NFS server, you must now put the "-o" option on
840	both the mountd and nfsd commands. This can be done using the
841	mountd_flags and nfs_server_flags rc.conf variables until an
842	update to the rc scripts is committed, which is coming soon.
843
84420110418:
845	The GNU Objective-C runtime library (libobjc), and other Objective-C
846	related components have been removed from the base system.  If you
847	require an Objective-C library, please use one of the available ports.
848
84920110331:
850	ath(4) has been split into bus- and device- modules. if_ath contains
851	the HAL, the TX rate control and the network device code. if_ath_pci
852	contains the PCI bus glue. For Atheros MIPS embedded systems, if_ath_ahb
853	contains the AHB glue. Users need to load both if_ath_pci and if_ath
854	in order to use ath on everything else.
855
856	TO REPEAT: if_ath_ahb is not needed for normal users. Normal users only
857	need to load if_ath and if_ath_pci for ath(4) operation.
858
85920110314:
860	As part of the replacement of sysinstall, the process of building
861	release media has changed significantly. For details, please re-read
862	release(7), which has been updated to reflect the new build process.
863
86420110218:
865	GNU binutils 2.17.50 (as of 2007-07-03) has been merged to -HEAD.  This
866	is the last available version under GPLv2.  It brings a number of new
867	features, such as support for newer x86 CPU's (with SSE-3, SSSE-3, SSE
868	4.1 and SSE 4.2), better support for powerpc64, a number of new
869	directives, and lots of other small improvements.  See the ChangeLog
870	file in contrib/binutils for the full details.
871
87220110218:
873	IPsec's HMAC_SHA256-512 support has been fixed to be RFC4868
874	compliant, and will now use half of hash for authentication.
875	This will break interoperability with all stacks (including all
876	actual FreeBSD versions) who implement
877	draft-ietf-ipsec-ciph-sha-256-00 (they use 96 bits of hash for
878	authentication).
879	The only workaround with such peers is to use another HMAC
880	algorithm for IPsec ("phase 2") authentication.
881
88220110207:
883	Remove the uio_yield prototype and symbol.  This function has
884	been misnamed since it was introduced and should not be
885	globally exposed with this name.  The equivalent functionality
886	is now available using kern_yield(curthread->td_user_pri).
887	The function remains undocumented.
888
88920110112:
890	A SYSCTL_[ADD_]UQUAD was added for unsigned uint64_t pointers,
891	symmetric with the existing SYSCTL_[ADD_]QUAD.  Type checking
892	for scalar sysctls is defined but disabled.  Code that needs
893	UQUAD to pass the type checking that must compile on older
894	systems where the define is not present can check against
895	__FreeBSD_version >= 900030.
896
897	The system dialog(1) has been replaced with a new version previously
898	in ports as devel/cdialog. dialog(1) is mostly command-line compatible
899	with the previous version, but the libdialog associated with it has
900	a largely incompatible API. As such, the original version of libdialog
901	will be kept temporarily as libodialog, until its base system consumers
902	are replaced or updated. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900030.
903
90420110103:
905	If you are trying to run make universe on a -stable system, and you get
906	the following warning:
907	"Makefile", line 356: "Target architecture for i386/conf/GENERIC 
908	unknown.  config(8) likely too old."
909	or something similar to it, then you must upgrade your -stable system
910	to 8.2-Release or newer (really, any time after r210146 7/15/2010 in
911	stable/8) or build the config from the latest stable/8 branch and
912	install it on your system.
913
914	Prior to this date, building a current universe on 8-stable system from
915	between 7/15/2010 and 1/2/2011 would result in a weird shell parsing
916	error in the first kernel build phase.  A new config on those old 
917	systems will fix that problem for older versions of -current.
918
91920101228:
920	The TCP stack has been modified to allow Khelp modules to interact with
921	it via helper hook points and store per-connection data in the TCP
922	control block. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900029. User space tools that
923	rely on the size of struct tcpcb in tcp_var.h (e.g. sockstat) need to
924	be recompiled.
925
92620101114:
927	Generic IEEE 802.3 annex 31B full duplex flow control support has been
928	added to mii(4) and bge(4), bce(4), msk(4), nfe(4) and stge(4) along
929	with brgphy(4), e1000phy(4) as well as ip1000phy() have been converted
930	to take advantage of it instead of using custom implementations.  This
931	means that these drivers now no longer unconditionally advertise
932	support for flow control but only do so if flow control is a selected
933	media option.  This was implemented in the generic support that way in
934	order to allow flow control to be switched on and off via ifconfig(8)
935	with the PHY specific default to typically off in order to protect
936	from unwanted effects.  Consequently, if you used flow control with
937	one of the above mentioned drivers you now need to explicitly enable
938	it, for example via:
939		ifconfig bge0 media auto mediaopt flowcontrol
940
941	Along with the above mentioned changes generic support for setting
942	1000baseT master mode also has been added and brgphy(4), ciphy(4),
943	e1000phy(4) as well as ip1000phy(4) have been converted to take
944	advantage of it.  This means that these drivers now no longer take the
945	link0 parameter for selecting master mode but the master media option
946	has to be used instead, for example like in the following:
947		ifconfig bge0 media 1000baseT mediaopt full-duplex,master
948
949	Selection of master mode now is also available with all other PHY
950	drivers supporting 1000baseT.
951
95220101111:
953	The TCP stack has received a significant update to add support for
954	modularised congestion control and generally improve the clarity of
955	congestion control decisions. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900025. User
956	space tools that rely on the size of struct tcpcb in tcp_var.h (e.g.
957	sockstat) need to be recompiled.
958
95920101002:
960	The man(1) utility has been replaced by a new version that no longer
961	uses /etc/manpath.config. Please consult man.conf(5) for how to
962	migrate local entries to the new format.
963
96420100928:
965	The copyright strings printed by login(1) and sshd(8) at the time of a
966	new connection have been removed to follow other operating systems and
967	upstream sshd.
968
96920100915:
970	A workaround for a fixed ld bug has been removed in kernel code,
971	so make sure that your system ld is built from sources after
972	revision 210245 from 2010-07-19 (r211583 if building head kernel
973	on stable/8, r211584 for stable/7; both from 2010-08-21).
974	A symptom of incorrect ld version is different addresses for
975	set_pcpu section and __start_set_pcpu symbol in kernel and/or modules.
976
97720100913:
978	The $ipv6_prefer variable in rc.conf(5) has been split into
979	$ip6addrctl_policy and $ipv6_activate_all_interfaces.
980
981	The $ip6addrctl_policy is a variable to choose a pre-defined
982	address selection policy set by ip6addrctl(8).  A value
983	"ipv4_prefer", "ipv6_prefer" or "AUTO" can be specified.  The
984	default is "AUTO".
985
986	The $ipv6_activate_all_interfaces specifies whether IFDISABLED
987	flag (see an entry of 20090926) is set on an interface with no
988	corresponding $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 line.  The default is "NO" for
989	security reason.  If you want IPv6 link-local address on all
990	interfaces by default, set this to "YES".
991
992	The old ipv6_prefer="YES" is equivalent to
993	ipv6_activate_all_interfaces="YES" and
994	ip6addrctl_policy="ipv6_prefer".
995
99620100913:
997	DTrace has grown support for userland tracing. Due to this, DTrace is
998	now i386 and amd64 only.
999	dtruss(1) is now installed by default on those systems and a new
1000	kernel module is needed for userland tracing: fasttrap.
1001	No changes to your kernel config file are necessary to enable
1002	userland tracing, but you might consider adding 'STRIP=' and
1003	'CFLAGS+=-fno-omit-frame-pointer' to your make.conf if you want
1004	to have informative userland stack traces in DTrace (ustack).
1005
100620100725:
1007	The acpi_aiboost(4) driver has been removed in favor of the new
1008	aibs(4) driver. You should update your kernel configuration file.
1009
101020100722:
1011	BSD grep has been imported to the base system and it is built by
1012	default.  It is completely BSD licensed, highly GNU-compatible, uses
1013	less memory than its GNU counterpart and has a small codebase.
1014	However, it is slower than its GNU counterpart, which is mostly
1015	noticeable for larger searches, for smaller ones it is measurable
1016	but not significant.  The reason is complex, the most important factor
1017	is that we lack a modern and efficient regex library and GNU
1018	overcomes this by optimizing the searches internally.  Future work
1019	on improving the regex performance is planned, for the meantime,
1020	users that need better performance, can build GNU grep instead by
1021	setting the WITH_GNU_GREP knob.
1022
102320100713:
1024	Due to the import of powerpc64 support, all existing powerpc kernel
1025	configuration files must be updated with a machine directive like this:
1026	    machine powerpc powerpc
1027
1028	In addition, an updated config(8) is required to build powerpc kernels
1029	after this change.
1030
103120100713:
1032	A new version of ZFS (version 15) has been merged to -HEAD.
1033	This version uses a python library for the following subcommands:
1034	zfs allow, zfs unallow, zfs groupspace, zfs userspace.
1035	For full functionality of these commands the following port must
1036	be installed: sysutils/py-zfs
1037
103820100429:
1039	'vm_page's are now hashed by physical address to an array of mutexes.
1040	Currently this is only used to serialize access to hold_count. Over 
1041	time the page queue mutex will be peeled away. This changes the size
1042	of pmap on every architecture. And requires all callers of vm_page_hold
1043	and vm_page_unhold to be updated. 
1044 
104520100402:
1046	WITH_CTF can now be specified in src.conf (not recommended, there
1047	are some problems with static executables), make.conf (would also
1048	affect ports which do not use GNU make and do not override the
1049	compile targets) or in the kernel config (via "makeoptions
1050	WITH_CTF=yes").
1051	When WITH_CTF was specified there before this was silently ignored,
1052	so make sure that WITH_CTF is not used in places which could lead
1053	to unwanted behavior.
1054
105520100311:
1056	The kernel option COMPAT_IA32 has been replaced with COMPAT_FREEBSD32
1057	to allow 32-bit compatibility on non-x86 platforms. All kernel
1058	configurations on amd64 and ia64 platforms using these options must
1059	be modified accordingly.
1060
106120100113:
1062	The utmp user accounting database has been replaced with utmpx,
1063	the user accounting interface standardized by POSIX.
1064	Unfortunately the semantics of utmp and utmpx don't match,
1065	making it practically impossible to support both interfaces.
1066	The user accounting database is used by tools like finger(1),
1067	last(1), talk(1), w(1) and ac(8).
1068
1069	All applications in the base system use utmpx.  This means only
1070	local binaries (e.g. from the ports tree) may still use these
1071	utmp database files.  These applications must be rebuilt to make
1072	use of utmpx.
1073
1074	After the system has been upgraded, it is safe to remove the old
1075	log files (/var/run/utmp, /var/log/lastlog and /var/log/wtmp*),
1076	assuming their contents is of no importance anymore.  Old wtmp
1077	databases can only be used by last(1) and ac(8) after they have
1078	been converted to the new format using wtmpcvt(1).
1079
108020100108:
1081	Introduce the kernel thread "deadlock resolver" (which can be enabled
1082	via the DEADLKRES option, see NOTES for more details) and the
1083	sleepq_type() function for sleepqueues.
1084
108520091202:
1086	The rc.firewall and rc.firewall6 were unified, and
1087	rc.firewall6 and rc.d/ip6fw were removed.
1088	According to the removal of rc.d/ip6fw, ipv6_firewall_* rc
1089	variables are obsoleted.  Instead, the following new rc
1090	variables are added to rc.d/ipfw:
1091
1092		firewall_client_net_ipv6, firewall_simple_iif_ipv6,
1093		firewall_simple_inet_ipv6, firewall_simple_oif_ipv6,
1094		firewall_simple_onet_ipv6, firewall_trusted_ipv6
1095
1096	The meanings correspond to the relevant IPv4 variables.
1097
109820091125:
1099	8.0-RELEASE.
1100
110120091113:
1102	The default terminal emulation for syscons(4) has been changed
1103	from cons25 to xterm on all platforms except pc98.  This means
1104	that the /etc/ttys file needs to be updated to ensure correct
1105	operation of applications on the console.
1106
1107	The terminal emulation style can be toggled per window by using
1108	vidcontrol(1)'s -T flag.  The TEKEN_CONS25 kernel configuration
1109	options can be used to change the compile-time default back to
1110	cons25.
1111
1112	To prevent graphical artifacts, make sure the TERM environment
1113	variable is set to match the terminal emulation that is being
1114	performed by syscons(4).
1115
111620091109:
1117	The layout of the structure ieee80211req_scan_result has changed.
1118	Applications that require wireless scan results (e.g. ifconfig(8))
1119	from net80211 need to be recompiled.
1120
1121	Applications such as wpa_supplicant(8) may require a full world
1122	build without using NO_CLEAN in order to get synchronized with the
1123	new structure.
1124
112520091025:
1126	The iwn(4) driver has been updated to support the 5000 and 5150 series.
1127	There's one kernel module for each firmware. Adding "device iwnfw"
1128	to the kernel configuration file means including all three firmware
1129	images inside the kernel. If you want to include just the one for
1130	your wireless card, use the devices iwn4965fw, iwn5000fw or
1131	iwn5150fw.
1132
113320090926:
1134	The rc.d/network_ipv6, IPv6 configuration script has been integrated
1135	into rc.d/netif.  The changes are the following:
1136
1137	1. To use IPv6, simply define $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 like $ifconfig_IF
1138	   for IPv4.  For aliases, $ifconfig_IF_aliasN should be used.
1139	   Note that both variables need the "inet6" keyword at the head.
1140
1141	   Do not set $ipv6_network_interfaces manually if you do not
1142	   understand what you are doing.  It is not needed in most cases. 
1143
1144	   $ipv6_ifconfig_IF and $ipv6_ifconfig_IF_aliasN still work, but
1145	   they are obsolete.
1146
1147	2. $ipv6_enable is obsolete.  Use $ipv6_prefer and
1148	   "inet6 accept_rtadv" keyword in ifconfig(8) instead.
1149
1150	   If you define $ipv6_enable=YES, it means $ipv6_prefer=YES and
1151	   all configured interfaces have "inet6 accept_rtadv" in the
1152	   $ifconfig_IF_ipv6.  These are for backward compatibility.
1153
1154	3. A new variable $ipv6_prefer has been added.  If NO, IPv6
1155	   functionality of interfaces with no corresponding
1156	   $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 is disabled by using "inet6 ifdisabled" flag,
1157	   and the default address selection policy of ip6addrctl(8) 
1158	   is the IPv4-preferred one (see rc.d/ip6addrctl for more details).
1159	   Note that if you want to configure IPv6 functionality on the
1160	   disabled interfaces after boot, first you need to clear the flag by
1161	   using ifconfig(8) like:
1162
1163		ifconfig em0 inet6 -ifdisabled
1164
1165	   If YES, the default address selection policy is set as
1166	   IPv6-preferred.
1167
1168	   The default value of $ipv6_prefer is NO.
1169
1170	4. If your system need to receive Router Advertisement messages,
1171	   define "inet6 accept_rtadv" in $ifconfig_IF_ipv6.  The rc(8)
1172	   scripts automatically invoke rtsol(8) when the interface becomes
1173	   UP.  The Router Advertisement messages are used for SLAAC
1174	   (State-Less Address AutoConfiguration).
1175
117620090922:
1177	802.11s D3.03 support was committed. This is incompatible with the
1178	previous code, which was based on D3.0.
1179
118020090912:
1181	A sysctl variable net.inet6.ip6.accept_rtadv now sets the default value
1182	of a per-interface flag ND6_IFF_ACCEPT_RTADV, not a global knob to
1183	control whether accepting Router Advertisement messages or not.
1184	Also, a per-interface flag ND6_IFF_AUTO_LINKLOCAL has been added and
1185	a sysctl variable net.inet6.ip6.auto_linklocal is its default value.
1186	The ifconfig(8) utility now supports these flags.
1187
118820090910:
1189	ZFS snapshots are now mounted with MNT_IGNORE flag. Use -v option for
1190	mount(8) and -a option for df(1) to see them.
1191
119220090825:
1193	The old tunable hw.bus.devctl_disable has been superseded by
1194	hw.bus.devctl_queue.  hw.bus.devctl_disable=1 in loader.conf should be
1195	replaced by hw.bus.devctl_queue=0.  The default for this new tunable
1196	is 1000.
1197
119820090813:
1199	Remove the option STOP_NMI.  The default action is now to use NMI only
1200	for KDB via the newly introduced function stop_cpus_hard() and
1201	maintain stop_cpus() to just use a normal IPI_STOP on ia32 and amd64.
1202
120320090803:
1204	The stable/8 branch created in subversion.  This corresponds to the
1205	RELENG_8 branch in CVS.
1206
120720090719:
1208	Bump the shared library version numbers for all libraries that do not
1209	use symbol versioning as part of the 8.0-RELEASE cycle.  Bump
1210	__FreeBSD_version to 800105.
1211
121220090714:
1213	Due to changes in the implementation of virtual network stack support,
1214	all network-related kernel modules must be recompiled.  As this change
1215	breaks the ABI, bump __FreeBSD_version to 800104.
1216
121720090713:
1218	The TOE interface to the TCP syncache has been modified to remove
1219	struct tcpopt (<netinet/tcp_var.h>) from the ABI of the network stack.
1220	The cxgb driver is the only TOE consumer affected by this change, and
1221	needs to be recompiled along with the kernel. As this change breaks
1222	the ABI, bump __FreeBSD_version to 800103.
1223
122420090712: 
1225	Padding has been added to struct tcpcb, sackhint and tcpstat in
1226	<netinet/tcp_var.h> to facilitate future MFCs and bug fixes whilst
1227	maintaining the ABI. However, this change breaks the ABI, so bump
1228	__FreeBSD_version to 800102. User space tools that rely on the size of
1229	any of these structs (e.g. sockstat) need to be recompiled.
1230
123120090630:
1232	The NFS_LEGACYRPC option has been removed along with the old kernel
1233	RPC implementation that this option selected. Kernel configurations
1234	may need to be adjusted.
1235
123620090629:
1237	The network interface device nodes at /dev/net/<interface> have been
1238	removed.  All ioctl operations can be performed the normal way using
1239	routing sockets.  The kqueue functionality can generally be replaced
1240	with routing sockets.
1241
124220090628:
1243	The documentation from the FreeBSD Documentation Project (Handbook,
1244	FAQ, etc.) is now installed via packages by sysinstall(8) and under
1245	the /usr/local/share/doc/freebsd directory instead of /usr/share/doc.
1246
124720090624:
1248	The ABI of various structures related to the SYSV IPC API have been
1249	changed.  As a result, the COMPAT_FREEBSD[456] and COMPAT_43 kernel
1250	options now all require COMPAT_FREEBSD7.  Bump __FreeBSD_version to
1251	800100.
1252
125320090622:
1254	Layout of struct vnet has changed as routing related variables were
1255	moved to their own Vimage module. Modules need to be recompiled.  Bump
1256	__FreeBSD_version to 800099.
1257
125820090619:
1259	NGROUPS_MAX and NGROUPS have been increased from 16 to 1023 and 1024
1260	respectively.  As long as no more than 16 groups per process are used,
1261	no changes should be visible.  When more than 16 groups are used, old
1262	binaries may fail if they call getgroups() or getgrouplist() with
1263	statically sized storage.  Recompiling will work around this, but
1264	applications should be modified to use dynamically allocated storage
1265	for group arrays as POSIX.1-2008 does not cap an implementation's
1266	number of supported groups at NGROUPS_MAX+1 as previous versions did.
1267
1268	NFS and portalfs mounts may also be affected as the list of groups is
1269	truncated to 16.  Users of NFS who use more than 16 groups, should
1270	take care that negative group permissions are not used on the exported
1271	file systems as they will not be reliable unless a GSSAPI based
1272	authentication method is used.
1273
127420090616: 
1275	The compiling option ADAPTIVE_LOCKMGRS has been introduced.  This
1276	option compiles in the support for adaptive spinning for lockmgrs
1277	which want to enable it.  The lockinit() function now accepts the flag
1278	LK_ADAPTIVE in order to make the lock object subject to adaptive
1279	spinning when both held in write and read mode.
1280
128120090613:
1282	The layout of the structure returned by IEEE80211_IOC_STA_INFO has
1283	changed.  User applications that use this ioctl need to be rebuilt.
1284
128520090611:
1286	The layout of struct thread has changed.  Kernel and modules need to
1287	be rebuilt.
1288
128920090608:
1290	The layout of structs ifnet, domain, protosw and vnet_net has changed.
1291	Kernel modules need to be rebuilt.  Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800097.
1292
129320090602:
1294	window(1) has been removed from the base system. It can now be
1295	installed from ports. The port is called misc/window.
1296
129720090601:
1298	The way we are storing and accessing `routing table' entries has
1299	changed. Programs reading the FIB, like netstat, need to be
1300	re-compiled.
1301
130220090601:
1303	A new netisr implementation has been added for FreeBSD 8.  Network
1304	file system modules, such as igmp, ipdivert, and others, should be
1305	rebuilt.
1306	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800096.
1307
130820090530:
1309	Remove the tunable/sysctl debug.mpsafevfs as its initial purpose is no
1310	more valid.
1311
131220090530:
1313	Add VOP_ACCESSX(9).  File system modules need to be rebuilt.
1314	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800094.
1315
131620090529:
1317	Add mnt_xflag field to 'struct mount'.  File system modules need to be
1318	rebuilt.
1319	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800093.
1320
132120090528:
1322	The compiling option ADAPTIVE_SX has been retired while it has been
1323	introduced the option NO_ADAPTIVE_SX which handles the reversed logic.
1324	The KPI for sx_init_flags() changes as accepting flags:
1325	SX_ADAPTIVESPIN flag has been retired while the SX_NOADAPTIVE flag has
1326	been introduced in order to handle the reversed logic.
1327	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800092.
1328
132920090527:
1330	Add support for hierarchical jails.  Remove global securelevel.
1331	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800091.
1332
133320090523:
1334	The layout of struct vnet_net has changed, therefore modules
1335	need to be rebuilt.
1336	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800090.
1337
133820090523:
1339	The newly imported zic(8) produces a new format in the output. Please
1340	run tzsetup(8) to install the newly created data to /etc/localtime.
1341
134220090520:
1343	The sysctl tree for the usb stack has renamed from hw.usb2.* to
1344	hw.usb.* and is now consistent again with previous releases.
1345
134620090520:
1347	802.11 monitor mode support was revised and driver api's were changed.
1348	Drivers dependent on net80211 now support DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO instead
1349	of DLT_IEEE802_11.  No user-visible data structures were changed but
1350	applications that use DLT_IEEE802_11 may require changes.
1351	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800088.
1352
135320090430:
1354	The layout of the following structs has changed: sysctl_oid,
1355	socket, ifnet, inpcbinfo, tcpcb, syncache_head, vnet_inet,
1356	vnet_inet6 and vnet_ipfw.  Most modules need to be rebuild or
1357	panics may be experienced.  World rebuild is required for
1358	correctly checking networking state from userland.
1359	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800085.
1360
136120090429:
1362	MLDv2 and Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) have been merged
1363	to the IPv6 stack. VIMAGE hooks are in but not yet used.
1364	The implementation of SSM within FreeBSD's IPv6 stack closely
1365	follows the IPv4 implementation.
1366
1367	For kernel developers:
1368
1369	* The most important changes are that the ip6_output() and
1370	  ip6_input() paths no longer take the IN6_MULTI_LOCK,
1371	  and this lock has been downgraded to a non-recursive mutex.
1372
1373	* As with the changes to the IPv4 stack to support SSM, filtering
1374	  of inbound multicast traffic must now be performed by transport
1375	  protocols within the IPv6 stack. This does not apply to TCP and
1376	  SCTP, however, it does apply to UDP in IPv6 and raw IPv6.
1377
1378	* The KPIs used by IPv6 multicast are similar to those used by
1379	  the IPv4 stack, with the following differences:
1380	   * im6o_mc_filter() is analogous to imo_multicast_filter().
1381	   * The legacy KAME entry points in6_joingroup and in6_leavegroup()
1382	     are shimmed to in6_mc_join() and in6_mc_leave() respectively.
1383	   * IN6_LOOKUP_MULTI() has been deprecated and removed.
1384	   * IPv6 relies on MLD for the DAD mechanism. KAME's internal KPIs
1385	     for MLDv1 have an additional 'timer' argument which is used to
1386	     jitter the initial membership report for the solicited-node
1387	     multicast membership on-link.
1388	   * This is not strictly needed for MLDv2, which already jitters
1389	     its report transmissions.  However, the 'timer' argument is
1390	     preserved in case MLDv1 is active on the interface.
1391
1392	* The KAME linked-list based IPv6 membership implementation has
1393	  been refactored to use a vector similar to that used by the IPv4
1394	  stack.
1395	  Code which maintains a list of its own multicast memberships
1396	  internally, e.g. carp, has been updated to reflect the new
1397	  semantics.
1398
1399	* There is a known Lock Order Reversal (LOR) due to in6_setscope()
1400	  acquiring the IF_AFDATA_LOCK and being called within ip6_output().
1401	  Whilst MLDv2 tries to avoid this otherwise benign LOR, it is an
1402	  implementation constraint which needs to be addressed in HEAD.
1403
1404	For application developers:
1405
1406	* The changes are broadly similar to those made for the IPv4
1407	  stack.
1408
1409	* The use of IPv4 and IPv6 multicast socket options on the same
1410	  socket, using mapped addresses, HAS NOT been tested or supported.
1411
1412	* There are a number of issues with the implementation of various
1413	  IPv6 multicast APIs which need to be resolved in the API surface
1414	  before the implementation is fully compatible with KAME userland
1415	  use, and these are mostly to do with interface index treatment.
1416
1417	* The literature available discusses the use of either the delta / ASM
1418	  API with setsockopt(2)/getsockopt(2), or the full-state / ASM API
1419	  using setsourcefilter(3)/getsourcefilter(3). For more information
1420	  please refer to RFC 3768, 'Socket Interface Extensions for
1421	  Multicast Source Filters'.
1422
1423	* Applications which use the published RFC 3678 APIs should be fine.
1424
1425	For systems administrators:
1426
1427	* The mtest(8) utility has been refactored to support IPv6, in
1428	  addition to IPv4. Interface addresses are no longer accepted
1429	  as arguments, their names must be used instead. The utility
1430	  will map the interface name to its first IPv4 address as
1431	  returned by getifaddrs(3).
1432
1433	* The ifmcstat(8) utility has also been updated to print the MLDv2
1434	  endpoint state and source filter lists via sysctl(3).
1435
1436	* The net.inet6.ip6.mcast.loop sysctl may be tuned to 0 to disable
1437	  loopback of IPv6 multicast datagrams by default; it defaults to 1
1438	  to preserve the existing behaviour. Disabling multicast loopback is
1439	  recommended for optimal system performance.
1440
1441	* The IPv6 MROUTING code has been changed to examine this sysctl
1442	  instead of attempting to perform a group lookup before looping
1443	  back forwarded datagrams.
1444
1445	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800084.
1446
144720090422:
1448	Implement low-level Bluetooth HCI API.
1449	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800083.
1450
145120090419:
1452	The layout of struct malloc_type, used by modules to register new
1453	memory allocation types, has changed.  Most modules will need to
1454	be rebuilt or panics may be experienced.
1455	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800081.
1456
145720090415:
1458	Anticipate overflowing inp_flags - add inp_flags2.
1459	This changes most offsets in inpcb, so checking v4 connection
1460	state will require a world rebuild.
1461	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800080.
1462
146320090415:
1464	Add an llentry to struct route and struct route_in6. Modules
1465	embedding a struct route will need to be recompiled.
1466	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800079.
1467
146820090414:
1469	The size of rt_metrics_lite and by extension rtentry has changed.
1470	Networking administration apps will need to be recompiled.
1471	The route command now supports show as an alias for get, weighting
1472	of routes, sticky and nostick flags to alter the behavior of stateful
1473	load balancing.
1474	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800078.
1475
147620090408:
1477	Do not use Giant for kbdmux(4) locking. This is wrong and
1478	apparently causing more problems than it solves. This will
1479	re-open the issue where interrupt handlers may race with
1480	kbdmux(4) in polling mode. Typical symptoms include (but
1481	not limited to) duplicated and/or missing characters when
1482	low level console functions (such as gets) are used while
1483	interrupts are enabled (for example geli password prompt,
1484	mountroot prompt etc.). Disabling kbdmux(4) may help.
1485
148620090407:
1487	The size of structs vnet_net, vnet_inet and vnet_ipfw has changed;
1488	kernel modules referencing any of the above need to be recompiled.
1489	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800075.
1490
149120090320:
1492	GEOM_PART has become the default partition slicer for storage devices,
1493	replacing GEOM_MBR, GEOM_BSD, GEOM_PC98 and GEOM_GPT slicers. It
1494	introduces some changes:
1495
1496	MSDOS/EBR: the devices created from MSDOS extended partition entries
1497	(EBR) can be named differently than with GEOM_MBR and are now symlinks
1498	to devices with offset-based names. fstabs may need to be modified.
1499
1500	BSD: the "geometry does not match label" warning is harmless in most
1501	cases but it points to problems in file system misalignment with
1502	disk geometry. The "c" partition is now implicit, covers the whole
1503	top-level drive and cannot be (mis)used by users.
1504
1505	General: Kernel dumps are now not allowed to be written to devices
1506	whose partition types indicate they are meant to be used for file
1507	systems (or, in case of MSDOS partitions, as something else than
1508	the "386BSD" type).
1509
1510	Most of these changes date approximately from 200812.
1511
151220090319:
1513	The uscanner(4) driver has been removed from the kernel. This follows
1514	Linux removing theirs in 2.6 and making libusb the default interface
1515	(supported by sane).
1516
151720090319:
1518	The multicast forwarding code has been cleaned up. netstat(1)
1519	only relies on KVM now for printing bandwidth upcall meters.
1520	The IPv4 and IPv6 modules are split into ip_mroute_mod and
1521	ip6_mroute_mod respectively. The config(5) options for statically
1522	compiling this code remain the same, i.e. 'options MROUTING'.
1523
152420090315:
1525	Support for the IFF_NEEDSGIANT network interface flag has been
1526	removed, which means that non-MPSAFE network device drivers are no
1527	longer supported.  In particular, if_ar, if_sr, and network device
1528	drivers from the old (legacy) USB stack can no longer be built or
1529	used.
1530
153120090313:
1532	POSIX.1 Native Language Support (NLS) has been enabled in libc and
1533	a bunch of new language catalog files have also been added.
1534	This means that some common libc messages are now localized and
1535	they depend on the LC_MESSAGES environmental variable.
1536
153720090313:
1538	The k8temp(4) driver has been renamed to amdtemp(4) since
1539	support for Family 10 and Family 11 CPU families was added.
1540
154120090309:
1542	IGMPv3 and Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) have been merged
1543	to the IPv4 stack. VIMAGE hooks are in but not yet used.
1544
1545	For kernel developers, the most important changes are that the
1546	ip_output() and ip_input() paths no longer take the IN_MULTI_LOCK(),
1547	and this lock has been downgraded to a non-recursive mutex.
1548
1549	Transport protocols (UDP, Raw IP) are now responsible for filtering
1550	inbound multicast traffic according to group membership and source
1551	filters. The imo_multicast_filter() KPI exists for this purpose.
1552	Transports which do not use multicast (SCTP, TCP) already reject
1553	multicast by default. Forwarding and receive performance may improve
1554	as a mutex acquisition is no longer needed in the ip_input()
1555	low-level input path.  in_addmulti() and in_delmulti() are shimmed
1556	to new KPIs which exist to support SSM in-kernel.
1557
1558	For application developers, it is recommended that loopback of
1559	multicast datagrams be disabled for best performance, as this
1560	will still cause the lock to be taken for each looped-back
1561	datagram transmission. The net.inet.ip.mcast.loop sysctl may
1562	be tuned to 0 to disable loopback by default; it defaults to 1
1563	to preserve the existing behaviour.
1564
1565	For systems administrators, to obtain best performance with
1566	multicast reception and multiple groups, it is always recommended
1567	that a card with a suitably precise hash filter is used. Hash
1568	collisions will still result in the lock being taken within the
1569	transport protocol input path to check group membership.
1570
1571	If deploying FreeBSD in an environment with IGMP snooping switches,
1572	it is recommended that the net.inet.igmp.sendlocal sysctl remain
1573	enabled; this forces 224.0.0.0/24 group membership to be announced
1574	via IGMP.
1575
1576	The size of 'struct igmpstat' has changed; netstat needs to be
1577	recompiled to reflect this.
1578	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800070.
1579
158020090309:
1581	libusb20.so.1 is now installed as libusb.so.1 and the ports system
1582	updated to use it. This requires a buildworld/installworld in order to
1583	update the library and dependencies (usbconfig, etc). Its advisable to
1584	rebuild all ports which uses libusb. More specific directions are given
1585	in the ports collection UPDATING file. Any /etc/libmap.conf entries for
1586	libusb are no longer required and can be removed.
1587
158820090302:
1589	A workaround is committed to allow the creation of System V shared
1590	memory segment of size > 2 GB on the 64-bit architectures.
1591	Due to a limitation of the existing ABI, the shm_segsz member
1592	of the struct shmid_ds, returned by shmctl(IPC_STAT) call is
1593	wrong for large segments. Note that limits must be explicitly
1594	raised to allow such segments to be created.
1595
159620090301:
1597	The layout of struct ifnet has changed, requiring a rebuild of all
1598	network device driver modules.
1599
160020090227:
1601	The /dev handling for the new USB stack has changed, a
1602	buildworld/installworld is required for libusb20.
1603
160420090223:
1605	The new USB2 stack has now been permanently moved in and all kernel and
1606	module names reverted to their previous values (eg, usb, ehci, ohci,
1607	ums, ...).  The old usb stack can be compiled in by prefixing the name
1608	with the letter 'o', the old usb modules have been removed.
1609	Updating entry 20090216 for xorg and 20090215 for libmap may still
1610	apply.
1611
161220090217:
1613	The rc.conf(5) option if_up_delay has been renamed to
1614	defaultroute_delay to better reflect its purpose. If you have
1615	customized this setting in /etc/rc.conf you need to update it to
1616	use the new name.
1617
161820090216:
1619	xorg 7.4 wants to configure its input devices via hald which does not
1620	yet work with USB2. If the keyboard/mouse does not work in xorg then
1621	add
1622		Option "AllowEmptyInput" "off"
1623	to your ServerLayout section.  This will cause X to use the configured
1624	kbd and mouse sections from your xorg.conf.
1625
162620090215:
1627	The GENERIC kernels for all architectures now default to the new USB2
1628	stack. No kernel config options or code have been removed so if a
1629	problem arises please report it and optionally revert to the old USB
1630	stack. If you are loading USB kernel modules or have a custom kernel
1631	that includes GENERIC then ensure that usb names are also changed over,
1632	eg uftdi -> usb2_serial_ftdi.
1633
1634	Older programs linked against the ports libusb 0.1 need to be
1635	redirected to the new stack's libusb20.  /etc/libmap.conf can
1636	be used for this:
1637		# Map old usb library to new one for usb2 stack
1638		libusb-0.1.so.8	libusb20.so.1
1639
164020090209:
1641	All USB ethernet devices now attach as interfaces under the name ueN
1642	(eg. ue0). This is to provide a predictable name as vendors often
1643	change usb chipsets in a product without notice.
1644
164520090203:
1646	The ichsmb(4) driver has been changed to require SMBus slave
1647	addresses be left-justified (xxxxxxx0b) rather than right-justified.
1648	All of the other SMBus controller drivers require left-justified
1649	slave addresses, so this change makes all the drivers provide the
1650	same interface.
1651
165220090201:
1653	INET6 statistics (struct ip6stat) was updated.
1654	netstat(1) needs to be recompiled.
1655
165620090119:
1657	NTFS has been removed from GENERIC kernel on amd64 to match
1658	GENERIC on i386. Should not cause any issues since mount_ntfs(8)
1659	will load ntfs.ko module automatically when NTFS support is
1660	actually needed, unless ntfs.ko is not installed or security
1661	level prohibits loading kernel modules. If either is the case,
1662	"options NTFS" has to be added into kernel config.
1663
166420090115:
1665	TCP Appropriate Byte Counting (RFC 3465) support added to kernel.
1666	New field in struct tcpcb breaks ABI, so bump __FreeBSD_version to
1667	800061. User space tools that rely on the size of struct tcpcb in
1668	tcp_var.h (e.g. sockstat) need to be recompiled.
1669
167020081225:
1671	ng_tty(4) module updated to match the new TTY subsystem.
1672	Due to API change, user-level applications must be updated.
1673	New API support added to mpd5 CVS and expected to be present
1674	in next mpd5.3 release.
1675
167620081219:
1677	With __FreeBSD_version 800060 the makefs tool is part of
1678	the base system (it was a port).
1679
168020081216:
1681	The afdata and ifnet locks have been changed from mutexes to
1682	rwlocks, network modules will need to be re-compiled.
1683
168420081214:
1685	__FreeBSD_version 800059 incorporates the new arp-v2 rewrite.
1686	RTF_CLONING, RTF_LLINFO and RTF_WASCLONED flags are eliminated.
1687	The new code reduced struct rtentry{} by 16 bytes on 32-bit
1688	architecture and 40 bytes on 64-bit architecture. The userland
1689	applications "arp" and "ndp" have been updated accordingly.
1690	The output from "netstat -r" shows only routing entries and
1691	none of the L2 information.
1692
169320081130:
1694	__FreeBSD_version 800057 marks the switchover from the
1695	binary ath hal to source code. Users must add the line:
1696
1697	options	AH_SUPPORT_AR5416
1698
1699	to their kernel config files when specifying:
1700
1701	device	ath_hal
1702
1703	The ath_hal module no longer exists; the code is now compiled
1704	together with the driver in the ath module.  It is now
1705	possible to tailor chip support (i.e. reduce the set of chips
1706	and thereby the code size); consult ath_hal(4) for details.
1707
170820081121:
1709	__FreeBSD_version 800054 adds memory barriers to
1710	<machine/atomic.h>, new interfaces to ifnet to facilitate
1711	multiple hardware transmit queues for cards that support
1712	them, and a lock-less ring-buffer implementation to
1713	enable drivers to more efficiently manage queueing of
1714	packets.
1715
171620081117:
1717	A new version of ZFS (version 13) has been merged to -HEAD.
1718	This version has zpool attribute "listsnapshots" off by
1719	default, which means "zfs list" does not show snapshots,
1720	and is the same as Solaris behavior.
1721
172220081028:
1723	dummynet(4) ABI has changed. ipfw(8) needs to be recompiled.
1724
172520081009:
1726	The uhci, ohci, ehci and slhci USB Host controller drivers have
1727	been put into separate modules. If you load the usb module
1728	separately through loader.conf you will need to load the
1729	appropriate *hci module as well. E.g. for a UHCI-based USB 2.0
1730	controller add the following to loader.conf:
1731
1732		uhci_load="YES"
1733		ehci_load="YES"
1734
173520081009:
1736	The ABI used by the PMC toolset has changed.  Please keep
1737	userland (libpmc(3)) and the kernel module (hwpmc(4)) in
1738	sync.
1739
174020081009:
1741	atapci kernel module now includes only generic PCI ATA
1742	driver. AHCI driver moved to ataahci kernel module.
1743	All vendor-specific code moved into separate kernel modules:
1744	ataacard, ataacerlabs, ataadaptec, ataamd, ataati, atacenatek,
1745	atacypress, atacyrix, atahighpoint, ataintel, ataite, atajmicron,
1746	atamarvell, atamicron, atanational, atanetcell, atanvidia,
1747	atapromise, ataserverworks, atasiliconimage, atasis, atavia
1748
174920080820:
1750	The TTY subsystem of the kernel has been replaced by a new
1751	implementation, which provides better scalability and an
1752	improved driver model. Most common drivers have been migrated to
1753	the new TTY subsystem, while others have not. The following
1754	drivers have not yet been ported to the new TTY layer:
1755
1756	PCI/ISA:
1757		cy, digi, rc, rp, sio
1758
1759	USB:
1760		ubser, ucycom
1761
1762	Line disciplines:
1763		ng_h4, ng_tty, ppp, sl, snp
1764
1765	Adding these drivers to your kernel configuration file shall
1766	cause compilation to fail.
1767
176820080818:
1769	ntpd has been upgraded to 4.2.4p5.
1770
177120080801:
1772	OpenSSH has been upgraded to 5.1p1.
1773
1774	For many years, FreeBSD's version of OpenSSH preferred DSA
1775	over RSA for host and user authentication keys.  With this
1776	upgrade, we've switched to the vendor's default of RSA over
1777	DSA.  This may cause upgraded clients to warn about unknown
1778	host keys even for previously known hosts.  Users should
1779	follow the usual procedure for verifying host keys before
1780	accepting the RSA key.
1781
1782	This can be circumvented by setting the "HostKeyAlgorithms"
1783	option to "ssh-dss,ssh-rsa" in ~/.ssh/config or on the ssh
1784	command line.
1785
1786	Please note that the sequence of keys offered for
1787	authentication has been changed as well.  You may want to
1788	specify IdentityFile in a different order to revert this
1789	behavior.
1790
179120080713:
1792	The sio(4) driver has been removed from the i386 and amd64
1793	kernel configuration files. This means uart(4) is now the
1794	default serial port driver on those platforms as well.
1795
1796	To prevent collisions with the sio(4) driver, the uart(4) driver
1797	uses different names for its device nodes. This means the
1798	onboard serial port will now most likely be called "ttyu0"
1799	instead of "ttyd0". You may need to reconfigure applications to
1800	use the new device names.
1801
1802	When using the serial port as a boot console, be sure to update
1803	/boot/device.hints and /etc/ttys before booting the new kernel.
1804	If you forget to do so, you can still manually specify the hints
1805	at the loader prompt:
1806
1807		set hint.uart.0.at="isa"
1808		set hint.uart.0.port="0x3F8"
1809		set hint.uart.0.flags="0x10"
1810		set hint.uart.0.irq="4"
1811		boot -s
1812
181320080609:
1814	The gpt(8) utility has been removed. Use gpart(8) to partition
1815	disks instead.
1816
181720080603:
1818	The version that Linuxulator emulates was changed from 2.4.2
1819	to 2.6.16. If you experience any problems with Linux binaries
1820	please try to set sysctl compat.linux.osrelease to 2.4.2 and
1821	if it fixes the problem contact emulation mailing list.
1822
182320080525:
1824	ISDN4BSD (I4B) was removed from the src tree. You may need to
1825	update a your kernel configuration and remove relevant entries.
1826
182720080509:
1828	I have checked in code to support multiple routing tables.
1829	See the man pages setfib(1) and setfib(2).
1830	This is a hopefully backwards compatible version,
1831	but to make use of it you need to compile your kernel
1832	with options ROUTETABLES=2 (or more up to 16).
1833
183420080420:
1835	The 802.11 wireless support was redone to enable multi-bss
1836	operation on devices that are capable.  The underlying device
1837	is no longer used directly but instead wlanX devices are
1838	cloned with ifconfig.  This requires changes to rc.conf files.
1839	For example, change:
1840		ifconfig_ath0="WPA DHCP"
1841	to
1842		wlans_ath0=wlan0
1843		ifconfig_wlan0="WPA DHCP"
1844	see rc.conf(5) for more details.  In addition, mergemaster of
1845	/etc/rc.d is highly recommended.  Simultaneous update of userland
1846	and kernel wouldn't hurt either.
1847
1848	As part of the multi-bss changes the wlan_scan_ap and wlan_scan_sta
1849	modules were merged into the base wlan module.  All references
1850	to these modules (e.g. in kernel config files) must be removed.
1851
185220080408:
1853	psm(4) has gained write(2) support in native operation level.
1854	Arbitrary commands can be written to /dev/psm%d and status can
1855	be read back from it.  Therefore, an application is responsible
1856	for status validation and error recovery.  It is a no-op in
1857	other operation levels.
1858
185920080312:
1860	Support for KSE threading has been removed from the kernel.  To
1861	run legacy applications linked against KSE libmap.conf may
1862	be used.  The following libmap.conf may be used to ensure
1863	compatibility with any prior release:
1864
1865	libpthread.so.1 libthr.so.1
1866	libpthread.so.2 libthr.so.2
1867	libkse.so.3 libthr.so.3
1868
186920080301:
1870	The layout of struct vmspace has changed. This affects libkvm
1871	and any executables that link against libkvm and use the
1872	kvm_getprocs() function. In particular, but not exclusively,
1873	it affects ps(1), fstat(1), pkill(1), systat(1), top(1) and w(1).
1874	The effects are minimal, but it's advisable to upgrade world
1875	nonetheless.
1876
187720080229:
1878	The latest em driver no longer has support in it for the
1879	82575 adapter, this is now moved to the igb driver. The
1880	split was done to make new features that are incompatible
1881	with older hardware easier to do.
1882
188320080220:
1884	The new geom_lvm(4) geom class has been renamed to geom_linux_lvm(4),
1885	likewise the kernel option is now GEOM_LINUX_LVM.
1886
188720080211:
1888	The default NFS mount mode has changed from UDP to TCP for
1889	increased reliability.  If you rely on (insecurely) NFS
1890	mounting across a firewall you may need to update your
1891	firewall rules.
1892
189320080208:
1894	Belatedly note the addition of m_collapse for compacting
1895	mbuf chains.
1896
189720080126:
1898	The fts(3) structures have been changed to use adequate
1899	integer types for their members and so to be able to cope
1900	with huge file trees.  The old fts(3) ABI is preserved
1901	through symbol versioning in libc, so third-party binaries
1902	using fts(3) should still work, although they will not take
1903	advantage of the extended types.  At the same time, some
1904	third-party software might fail to build after this change
1905	due to unportable assumptions made in its source code about
1906	fts(3) structure members.  Such software should be fixed
1907	by its vendor or, in the worst case, in the ports tree.
1908	FreeBSD_version 800015 marks this change for the unlikely
1909	case that a portable fix is impossible.
1910
191120080123:
1912	To upgrade to -current after this date, you must be running
1913	FreeBSD not older than 6.0-RELEASE.  Upgrading to -current
1914	from 5.x now requires a stop over at RELENG_6 or RELENG_7 systems.
1915
191620071128:
1917	The ADAPTIVE_GIANT kernel option has been retired because its
1918	functionality is the default now.
1919
192020071118:
1921	The AT keyboard emulation of sunkbd(4) has been turned on
1922	by default. In order to make the special symbols of the Sun
1923	keyboards driven by sunkbd(4) work under X these now have
1924	to be configured the same way as Sun USB keyboards driven
1925	by ukbd(4) (which also does AT keyboard emulation), f.e.:
1926
1927	Option	"XkbLayout" "us"
1928	Option	"XkbRules" "xorg"
1929	Option	"XkbSymbols" "pc(pc105)+sun_vndr/usb(sun_usb)+us"
1930
193120071024:
1932	It has been decided that it is desirable to provide ABI
1933	backwards compatibility to the FreeBSD 4/5/6 versions of the
1934	PCIOCGETCONF, PCIOCREAD and PCIOCWRITE IOCTLs, which was
1935	broken with the introduction of PCI domain support (see the
1936	20070930 entry). Unfortunately, this required the ABI of
1937	PCIOCGETCONF to be broken again in order to be able to
1938	provide backwards compatibility to the old version of that
1939	IOCTL. Thus consumers of PCIOCGETCONF have to be recompiled
1940	again. As for prominent ports this affects neither pciutils
1941	nor xorg-server this time, the hal port needs to be rebuilt
1942	however.
1943
194420071020:
1945	The misnamed kthread_create() and friends have been renamed
1946	to kproc_create() etc. Many of the callers already
1947	used kproc_start()..
1948	I will return kthread_create() and friends in a while
1949	with implementations that actually create threads, not procs.
1950	Renaming corresponds with version 800002.
1951
195220071010:
1953	RELENG_7 branched.
1954
1955COMMON ITEMS:
1956
1957	General Notes
1958	-------------
1959	Avoid using make -j when upgrading.  While generally safe, there are
1960	sometimes problems using -j to upgrade.  If your upgrade fails with
1961	-j, please try again without -j.  From time to time in the past there
1962	have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or installworld.  This
1963	is especially true when upgrading between "distant" versions (eg one
1964	that cross a major release boundary or several minor releases, or when
1965	several months have passed on the -current branch).
1966
1967	Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
1968	poisoning.  This can happen because the make utility reads its
1969	environment when searching for values for global variables.  To run
1970	your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
1971	commands with 'env -i '.  See the env(1) manual page for more details.
1972
1973	When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best
1974	to upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first,
1975	then do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade
1976	path, and has the highest probability of being successful.  Please try
1977	this approach before reporting problems with a major version upgrade.
1978
1979	When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
1980	installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
1981	around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
1982	starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
1983
1984	ZFS notes
1985	---------
1986	When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
1987	these two steps:
1988
1989	1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
1990	(this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
1991
1992	2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
1993
1994	The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the first
1995	partition (freebsd-boot) of a GPT partitioned drive ad0:
1996	"gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ad0"
1997
1998	Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
1999
2000	To build a kernel
2001	-----------------
2002	If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
2003	a few days old), you should follow this procedure.  It is the most
2004	failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
2005
2006	make kernel-toolchain
2007	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2008	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2009
2010	To test a kernel once
2011	---------------------
2012	If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
2013	if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
2014	debugging information) run
2015	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
2016	nextboot -k testkernel
2017
2018	To just build a kernel when you know that it won't mess you up
2019	--------------------------------------------------------------
2020	This assumes you are already running a CURRENT system.  Replace
2021	${arch} with the architecture of your machine (e.g. "i386",
2022	"arm", "amd64", "ia64", "pc98", "sparc64", "powerpc", "mips", etc).
2023
2024	cd src/sys/${arch}/conf
2025	config KERNEL_NAME_HERE
2026	cd ../compile/KERNEL_NAME_HERE
2027	make depend
2028	make
2029	make install
2030
2031	If this fails, go to the "To build a kernel" section.
2032
2033	To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
2034	-----------------------------------------------------------
2035	# Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
2036	# is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
2037
2038	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2039	make buildworld
2040	make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2041							[1]
2042	<reboot in single user>				[3]
2043	mergemaster -p					[5]
2044	make installworld
2045	mergemaster -i					[4]
2046	make delete-old					[6]
2047	<reboot>
2048
2049	To cross-install current onto a separate partition
2050	--------------------------------------------------
2051	# In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
2052	# current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories.   A partition
2053	# holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
2054	# size.
2055
2056	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2057	<boot into -stable>
2058	make buildworld
2059	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2060	<maybe newfs current's root partition>
2061	<mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
2062	make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
2063	make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
2064	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
2065	cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab 		   # if newfs'd
2066	<edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
2067	<reboot into current>
2068	<do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
2069	<maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
2070	<reboot>
2071
2072
2073	To upgrade in-place from stable to current
2074	----------------------------------------------
2075	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2076	make buildworld					[9]
2077	make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE		[8]
2078							[1]
2079	<reboot in single user>				[3]
2080	mergemaster -p					[5]
2081	make installworld
2082	mergemaster -i					[4]
2083	make delete-old					[6]
2084	<reboot>
2085
2086	Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2087	tweaks to various things you need.  At this point in the life
2088	cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2089	to cope.  The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2090	the UPDATING entries.
2091
2092	Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2093	freebsd-current@freebsd.org.  Make sure that before you update
2094	your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2095	messages there.  If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2096	much fewer pitfalls.
2097
2098	[1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you
2099	should disable them at this point so they don't crash your
2100	system on reboot.
2101
2102	[3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2103		fsck -p
2104		mount -u /
2105		mount -a
2106		cd src
2107		adjkerntz -i		# if CMOS is wall time
2108	Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that
2109	you boot into single user mode to do the installworld.
2110
2111	[4] Note: This step is non-optional.  Failure to do this step
2112	can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2113	system.  Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2114	that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2115	as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2116	for potential gotchas.  The -U option is also useful to consider.
2117	See mergemaster(8) for more information.
2118
2119	[5] Usually this step is a noop.  However, from time to time
2120	you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2121	step.  It never hurts to do it all the time.  You may need to
2122	install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
2123	install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
2124	from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
2125
2126	[6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2127	can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2128	sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2129
2130	[8] In order to have a kernel that can run the 4.x binaries needed to
2131	do an installworld, you must include the COMPAT_FREEBSD4 option in
2132	your kernel.  Failure to do so may leave you with a system that is
2133	hard to boot to recover. A similar kernel option COMPAT_FREEBSD5 is
2134	required to run the 5.x binaries on more recent kernels.  And so on
2135	for COMPAT_FREEBSD6 and COMPAT_FREEBSD7.
2136
2137	Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2138	last time you updated your kernel config file.
2139
2140	[9] When checking out sources, you must include the -P flag to have
2141	cvs prune empty directories.
2142
2143	If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2144	"?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2145	override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2146
2147	MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2148	not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf.  buildworld will
2149	warn if it is improperly defined.
2150FORMAT:
2151
2152This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2153breakages in tracking -current.  It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2154list of such breakages, and only contains entries since October 10, 2007.
2155If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2156to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2157
2158Copyright information:
2159
2160Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh.  All Rights Reserved.
2161
2162Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2163modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2164document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2165
2166THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2167IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2168WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2169DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2170INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2171(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2172SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2173HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2174STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2175IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2176POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2177
2178Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of
2179this document.
2180
2181$FreeBSD: releng/10.1/UPDATING 277808 2015-01-27 19:37:02Z delphij $
2182