vmstat.c revision 184646
1/*
2 * Copyright (c) 1980, 1986, 1991, 1993
3 *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
4 *
5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7 * are met:
8 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
14 *    must display the following acknowledgement:
15 *	This product includes software developed by the University of
16 *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
17 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
18 *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
19 *    without specific prior written permission.
20 *
21 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
22 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
23 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
24 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
25 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
26 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
27 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
28 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
29 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
30 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
31 * SUCH DAMAGE.
32 */
33
34#ifndef lint
35static const char copyright[] =
36"@(#) Copyright (c) 1980, 1986, 1991, 1993\n\
37	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
38#endif /* not lint */
39
40#if 0
41#ifndef lint
42static char sccsid[] = "@(#)vmstat.c	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93";
43#endif /* not lint */
44#endif
45
46#include <sys/cdefs.h>
47__FBSDID("$FreeBSD: head/usr.bin/vmstat/vmstat.c 184646 2008-11-04 18:20:54Z keramida $");
48
49#include <sys/param.h>
50#include <sys/time.h>
51#include <sys/proc.h>
52#include <sys/uio.h>
53#include <sys/namei.h>
54#include <sys/malloc.h>
55#include <sys/signal.h>
56#include <sys/fcntl.h>
57#include <sys/ioctl.h>
58#include <sys/resource.h>
59#include <sys/sysctl.h>
60#include <sys/vmmeter.h>
61
62#include <vm/vm_param.h>
63
64#include <ctype.h>
65#include <devstat.h>
66#include <err.h>
67#include <errno.h>
68#include <kvm.h>
69#include <limits.h>
70#include <memstat.h>
71#include <nlist.h>
72#include <paths.h>
73#include <stdio.h>
74#include <stdlib.h>
75#include <string.h>
76#include <sysexits.h>
77#include <time.h>
78#include <unistd.h>
79#include <libutil.h>
80
81static char da[] = "da";
82
83static struct nlist namelist[] = {
84#define X_SUM		0
85	{ "_cnt" },
86#define	X_BOOTTIME	1
87	{ "_boottime" },
88#define X_HZ		2
89	{ "_hz" },
90#define X_STATHZ	3
91	{ "_stathz" },
92#define X_NCHSTATS	4
93	{ "_nchstats" },
94#define	X_INTRNAMES	5
95	{ "_intrnames" },
96#define	X_EINTRNAMES	6
97	{ "_eintrnames" },
98#define	X_INTRCNT	7
99	{ "_intrcnt" },
100#define	X_EINTRCNT	8
101	{ "_eintrcnt" },
102#define	X_KMEMSTATS	9
103	{ "_kmemstatistics" },
104#define	X_KMEMZONES	10
105	{ "_kmemzones" },
106#ifdef notyet
107#define	X_DEFICIT	XXX
108	{ "_deficit" },
109#define X_REC		XXX
110	{ "_rectime" },
111#define X_PGIN		XXX
112	{ "_pgintime" },
113#define	X_XSTATS	XXX
114	{ "_xstats" },
115#define X_END		XXX
116#else
117#define X_END		11
118#endif
119	{ "" },
120};
121
122static struct statinfo cur, last;
123static int num_devices, maxshowdevs;
124static long generation;
125static struct device_selection *dev_select;
126static int num_selected;
127static struct devstat_match *matches;
128static int num_matches = 0;
129static int num_devices_specified, num_selections;
130static long select_generation;
131static char **specified_devices;
132static devstat_select_mode select_mode;
133
134static struct	vmmeter sum, osum;
135
136#define	VMSTAT_DEFAULT_LINES	20	/* Default number of `winlines'. */
137volatile sig_atomic_t wresized;		/* Tty resized, when non-zero. */
138static int winlines = VMSTAT_DEFAULT_LINES; /* Current number of tty rows. */
139
140static int	aflag;
141static int	nflag;
142static int	Pflag;
143static int	hflag;
144
145static kvm_t   *kd;
146
147#define	FORKSTAT	0x01
148#define	INTRSTAT	0x02
149#define	MEMSTAT		0x04
150#define	SUMSTAT		0x08
151#define	TIMESTAT	0x10
152#define	VMSTAT		0x20
153#define ZMEMSTAT	0x40
154
155static void	cpustats(void);
156static void	pcpustats(int, u_long, int);
157static void	devstats(void);
158static void	doforkst(void);
159static void	dointr(void);
160static void	dosum(void);
161static void	dovmstat(unsigned int, int);
162static void	domemstat_malloc(void);
163static void	domemstat_zone(void);
164static void	kread(int, void *, size_t);
165static void	kreado(int, void *, size_t, size_t);
166static char    *kgetstr(const char *);
167static void	needhdr(int);
168static void	needresize(int);
169static void	doresize(void);
170static void	printhdr(int, u_long);
171static void	usage(void);
172
173static long	pct(long, long);
174static long	getuptime(void);
175
176static char   **getdrivedata(char **);
177
178int
179main(int argc, char *argv[])
180{
181	int c, todo;
182	unsigned int interval;
183	int reps;
184	char *memf, *nlistf;
185	char errbuf[_POSIX2_LINE_MAX];
186
187	memf = nlistf = NULL;
188	interval = reps = todo = 0;
189	maxshowdevs = 2;
190	hflag = isatty(1);
191	while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "ac:fhHiM:mN:n:Pp:stw:z")) != -1) {
192		switch (c) {
193		case 'a':
194			aflag++;
195			break;
196		case 'c':
197			reps = atoi(optarg);
198			break;
199		case 'P':
200			Pflag++;
201			break;
202		case 'f':
203			todo |= FORKSTAT;
204			break;
205		case 'h':
206			hflag = 1;
207			break;
208		case 'H':
209			hflag = 0;
210			break;
211		case 'i':
212			todo |= INTRSTAT;
213			break;
214		case 'M':
215			memf = optarg;
216			break;
217		case 'm':
218			todo |= MEMSTAT;
219			break;
220		case 'N':
221			nlistf = optarg;
222			break;
223		case 'n':
224			nflag = 1;
225			maxshowdevs = atoi(optarg);
226			if (maxshowdevs < 0)
227				errx(1, "number of devices %d is < 0",
228				     maxshowdevs);
229			break;
230		case 'p':
231			if (devstat_buildmatch(optarg, &matches, &num_matches) != 0)
232				errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
233			break;
234		case 's':
235			todo |= SUMSTAT;
236			break;
237		case 't':
238#ifdef notyet
239			todo |= TIMESTAT;
240#else
241			errx(EX_USAGE, "sorry, -t is not (re)implemented yet");
242#endif
243			break;
244		case 'w':
245			interval = atoi(optarg);
246			break;
247		case 'z':
248			todo |= ZMEMSTAT;
249			break;
250		case '?':
251		default:
252			usage();
253		}
254	}
255	argc -= optind;
256	argv += optind;
257
258	if (todo == 0)
259		todo = VMSTAT;
260
261	if (memf != NULL) {
262		kd = kvm_openfiles(nlistf, memf, NULL, O_RDONLY, errbuf);
263		if (kd == NULL)
264			errx(1, "kvm_openfiles: %s", errbuf);
265	}
266
267	if (kd != NULL && (c = kvm_nlist(kd, namelist)) != 0) {
268		if (c > 0) {
269			warnx("undefined symbols:");
270			for (c = 0;
271			     c < (int)(sizeof(namelist)/sizeof(namelist[0]));
272			     c++)
273				if (namelist[c].n_type == 0)
274					(void)fprintf(stderr, " %s",
275					    namelist[c].n_name);
276			(void)fputc('\n', stderr);
277		} else
278			warnx("kvm_nlist: %s", kvm_geterr(kd));
279		exit(1);
280	}
281	if (kd && Pflag)
282		errx(1, "Cannot use -P with crash dumps");
283
284	if (todo & VMSTAT) {
285		/*
286		 * Make sure that the userland devstat version matches the
287		 * kernel devstat version.  If not, exit and print a
288		 * message informing the user of his mistake.
289		 */
290		if (devstat_checkversion(NULL) < 0)
291			errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
292
293
294		argv = getdrivedata(argv);
295	}
296
297#define	BACKWARD_COMPATIBILITY
298#ifdef	BACKWARD_COMPATIBILITY
299	if (*argv) {
300		interval = atoi(*argv);
301		if (*++argv)
302			reps = atoi(*argv);
303	}
304#endif
305
306	if (interval) {
307		if (!reps)
308			reps = -1;
309	} else if (reps)
310		interval = 1;
311
312	if (todo & FORKSTAT)
313		doforkst();
314	if (todo & MEMSTAT)
315		domemstat_malloc();
316	if (todo & ZMEMSTAT)
317		domemstat_zone();
318	if (todo & SUMSTAT)
319		dosum();
320#ifdef notyet
321	if (todo & TIMESTAT)
322		dotimes();
323#endif
324	if (todo & INTRSTAT)
325		dointr();
326	if (todo & VMSTAT)
327		dovmstat(interval, reps);
328	exit(0);
329}
330
331static int
332mysysctl(const char *name, void *oldp, size_t *oldlenp,
333    void *newp, size_t newlen)
334{
335	int error;
336
337	error = sysctlbyname(name, oldp, oldlenp, newp, newlen);
338	if (error != 0 && errno != ENOMEM)
339		err(1, "sysctl(%s)", name);
340	return (error);
341}
342
343static char **
344getdrivedata(char **argv)
345{
346	if ((num_devices = devstat_getnumdevs(NULL)) < 0)
347		errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
348
349	cur.dinfo = (struct devinfo *)malloc(sizeof(struct devinfo));
350	last.dinfo = (struct devinfo *)malloc(sizeof(struct devinfo));
351	bzero(cur.dinfo, sizeof(struct devinfo));
352	bzero(last.dinfo, sizeof(struct devinfo));
353
354	if (devstat_getdevs(NULL, &cur) == -1)
355		errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
356
357	num_devices = cur.dinfo->numdevs;
358	generation = cur.dinfo->generation;
359
360	specified_devices = (char **)malloc(sizeof(char *));
361	for (num_devices_specified = 0; *argv; ++argv) {
362		if (isdigit(**argv))
363			break;
364		num_devices_specified++;
365		specified_devices = (char **)realloc(specified_devices,
366						     sizeof(char *) *
367						     num_devices_specified);
368		specified_devices[num_devices_specified - 1] = *argv;
369	}
370	dev_select = NULL;
371
372	if (nflag == 0 && maxshowdevs < num_devices_specified)
373			maxshowdevs = num_devices_specified;
374
375	/*
376	 * People are generally only interested in disk statistics when
377	 * they're running vmstat.  So, that's what we're going to give
378	 * them if they don't specify anything by default.  We'll also give
379	 * them any other random devices in the system so that we get to
380	 * maxshowdevs devices, if that many devices exist.  If the user
381	 * specifies devices on the command line, either through a pattern
382	 * match or by naming them explicitly, we will give the user only
383	 * those devices.
384	 */
385	if ((num_devices_specified == 0) && (num_matches == 0)) {
386		if (devstat_buildmatch(da, &matches, &num_matches) != 0)
387			errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
388
389		select_mode = DS_SELECT_ADD;
390	} else
391		select_mode = DS_SELECT_ONLY;
392
393	/*
394	 * At this point, selectdevs will almost surely indicate that the
395	 * device list has changed, so we don't look for return values of 0
396	 * or 1.  If we get back -1, though, there is an error.
397	 */
398	if (devstat_selectdevs(&dev_select, &num_selected, &num_selections,
399		       &select_generation, generation, cur.dinfo->devices,
400		       num_devices, matches, num_matches, specified_devices,
401		       num_devices_specified, select_mode,
402		       maxshowdevs, 0) == -1)
403		errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
404
405	return(argv);
406}
407
408static long
409getuptime(void)
410{
411	struct timespec sp;
412	time_t uptime;
413
414	(void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &sp);
415	uptime = sp.tv_sec;
416	if (uptime <= 0 || uptime > 60*60*24*365*10)
417		errx(1, "time makes no sense; namelist must be wrong");
418
419	return(uptime);
420}
421
422static void
423fill_vmmeter(struct vmmeter *vmmp)
424{
425	if (kd != NULL) {
426		kread(X_SUM, vmmp, sizeof(*vmmp));
427	} else {
428		size_t size = sizeof(unsigned int);
429#define GET_VM_STATS(cat, name) \
430	mysysctl("vm.stats." #cat "." #name, &vmmp->name, &size, NULL, 0)
431		/* sys */
432		GET_VM_STATS(sys, v_swtch);
433		GET_VM_STATS(sys, v_trap);
434		GET_VM_STATS(sys, v_syscall);
435		GET_VM_STATS(sys, v_intr);
436		GET_VM_STATS(sys, v_soft);
437
438		/* vm */
439		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_vm_faults);
440		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_cow_faults);
441		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_cow_optim);
442		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_zfod);
443		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_ozfod);
444		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_swapin);
445		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_swapout);
446		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_swappgsin);
447		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_swappgsout);
448		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_vnodein);
449		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_vnodeout);
450		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_vnodepgsin);
451		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_vnodepgsout);
452		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_intrans);
453		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_reactivated);
454		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_pdwakeups);
455		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_pdpages);
456		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_tcached);
457		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_dfree);
458		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_pfree);
459		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_tfree);
460		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_page_size);
461		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_page_count);
462		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_free_reserved);
463		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_free_target);
464		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_free_min);
465		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_free_count);
466		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_wire_count);
467		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_active_count);
468		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_inactive_target);
469		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_inactive_count);
470		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_cache_count);
471		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_cache_min);
472		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_cache_max);
473		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_pageout_free_min);
474		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_interrupt_free_min);
475		/*GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_free_severe);*/
476		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_forks);
477		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_vforks);
478		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_rforks);
479		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_kthreads);
480		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_forkpages);
481		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_vforkpages);
482		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_rforkpages);
483		GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_kthreadpages);
484#undef GET_VM_STATS
485	}
486}
487
488static void
489fill_vmtotal(struct vmtotal *vmtp)
490{
491	if (kd != NULL) {
492		/* XXX fill vmtp */
493		errx(1, "not implemented");
494	} else {
495		size_t size = sizeof(*vmtp);
496		mysysctl("vm.vmtotal", vmtp, &size, NULL, 0);
497		if (size != sizeof(*vmtp))
498			errx(1, "vm.total size mismatch");
499	}
500}
501
502/* Determine how many cpu columns, and what index they are in kern.cp_times */
503static int
504getcpuinfo(u_long *maskp, int *maxidp)
505{
506	int maxcpu;
507	int maxid;
508	int ncpus;
509	int i, j;
510	int empty;
511	size_t size;
512	long *times;
513	u_long mask;
514
515	if (kd != NULL)
516		errx(1, "not implemented");
517	mask = 0;
518	ncpus = 0;
519	size = sizeof(maxcpu);
520	mysysctl("kern.smp.maxcpus", &maxcpu, &size, NULL, 0);
521	if (size != sizeof(maxcpu))
522		errx(1, "sysctl kern.smp.maxcpus");
523	size = sizeof(long) * maxcpu * CPUSTATES;
524	times = malloc(size);
525	if (times == NULL)
526		err(1, "malloc %zd bytes", size);
527	mysysctl("kern.cp_times", times, &size, NULL, 0);
528	maxid = (size / CPUSTATES / sizeof(long)) - 1;
529	for (i = 0; i <= maxid; i++) {
530		empty = 1;
531		for (j = 0; empty && j < CPUSTATES; j++) {
532			if (times[i * CPUSTATES + j] != 0)
533				empty = 0;
534		}
535		if (!empty) {
536			mask |= (1ul << i);
537			ncpus++;
538		}
539	}
540	if (maskp)
541		*maskp = mask;
542	if (maxidp)
543		*maxidp = maxid;
544	return (ncpus);
545}
546
547
548static void
549prthuman(u_int64_t val, int size)
550{
551	char buf[10];
552	int flags;
553
554	if (size < 5 || size > 9)
555		errx(1, "doofus");
556	flags = HN_B | HN_NOSPACE | HN_DECIMAL;
557	humanize_number(buf, size, val, "", HN_AUTOSCALE, flags);
558	printf("%*s", size, buf);
559}
560
561static int hz, hdrcnt;
562
563static long *cur_cp_times;
564static long *last_cp_times;
565static size_t size_cp_times;
566
567static void
568dovmstat(unsigned int interval, int reps)
569{
570	struct vmtotal total;
571	time_t uptime, halfuptime;
572	struct devinfo *tmp_dinfo;
573	size_t size;
574	int ncpus, maxid;
575	u_long cpumask;
576
577	uptime = getuptime();
578	halfuptime = uptime / 2;
579
580	/*
581	 * If the user stops the program (control-Z) and then resumes it,
582	 * print out the header again.
583	 */
584	(void)signal(SIGCONT, needhdr);
585
586	/*
587	 * If our standard output is a tty, then install a SIGWINCH handler
588	 * and set wresized so that our first iteration through the main
589	 * vmstat loop will peek at the terminal's current rows to find out
590	 * how many lines can fit in a screenful of output.
591	 */
592	if (isatty(fileno(stdout)) != 0) {
593		wresized = 1;
594		(void)signal(SIGWINCH, needresize);
595	} else {
596		wresized = 0;
597		winlines = VMSTAT_DEFAULT_LINES;
598	}
599
600	if (kd != NULL) {
601		if (namelist[X_STATHZ].n_type != 0 &&
602		    namelist[X_STATHZ].n_value != 0)
603			kread(X_STATHZ, &hz, sizeof(hz));
604		if (!hz)
605			kread(X_HZ, &hz, sizeof(hz));
606	} else {
607		struct clockinfo clockrate;
608
609		size = sizeof(clockrate);
610		mysysctl("kern.clockrate", &clockrate, &size, NULL, 0);
611		if (size != sizeof(clockrate))
612			errx(1, "clockrate size mismatch");
613		hz = clockrate.hz;
614	}
615
616	if (Pflag) {
617		ncpus = getcpuinfo(&cpumask, &maxid);
618		size_cp_times = sizeof(long) * (maxid + 1) * CPUSTATES;
619		cur_cp_times = malloc(size_cp_times);
620		last_cp_times = malloc(size_cp_times);
621		bzero(cur_cp_times, size_cp_times);
622		bzero(last_cp_times, size_cp_times);
623	}
624	for (hdrcnt = 1;;) {
625		if (!--hdrcnt)
626			printhdr(ncpus, cpumask);
627		if (kd != NULL) {
628			if (kvm_getcptime(kd, cur.cp_time) < 0)
629				errx(1, "kvm_getcptime: %s", kvm_geterr(kd));
630		} else {
631			size = sizeof(cur.cp_time);
632			mysysctl("kern.cp_time", &cur.cp_time, &size, NULL, 0);
633			if (size != sizeof(cur.cp_time))
634				errx(1, "cp_time size mismatch");
635		}
636		if (Pflag) {
637			size = size_cp_times;
638			mysysctl("kern.cp_times", cur_cp_times, &size, NULL, 0);
639			if (size != size_cp_times)
640				errx(1, "cp_times mismatch");
641		}
642
643		tmp_dinfo = last.dinfo;
644		last.dinfo = cur.dinfo;
645		cur.dinfo = tmp_dinfo;
646		last.snap_time = cur.snap_time;
647
648		/*
649		 * Here what we want to do is refresh our device stats.
650		 * getdevs() returns 1 when the device list has changed.
651		 * If the device list has changed, we want to go through
652		 * the selection process again, in case a device that we
653		 * were previously displaying has gone away.
654		 */
655		switch (devstat_getdevs(NULL, &cur)) {
656		case -1:
657			errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
658			break;
659		case 1: {
660			int retval;
661
662			num_devices = cur.dinfo->numdevs;
663			generation = cur.dinfo->generation;
664
665			retval = devstat_selectdevs(&dev_select, &num_selected,
666					    &num_selections, &select_generation,
667					    generation, cur.dinfo->devices,
668					    num_devices, matches, num_matches,
669					    specified_devices,
670					    num_devices_specified, select_mode,
671					    maxshowdevs, 0);
672			switch (retval) {
673			case -1:
674				errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
675				break;
676			case 1:
677				printhdr(ncpus, cpumask);
678				break;
679			default:
680				break;
681			}
682		}
683		default:
684			break;
685		}
686
687		fill_vmmeter(&sum);
688		fill_vmtotal(&total);
689		(void)printf("%2d %1d %1d",
690		    total.t_rq - 1, total.t_dw + total.t_pw, total.t_sw);
691#define vmstat_pgtok(a) ((a) * (sum.v_page_size >> 10))
692#define	rate(x)	(((x) + halfuptime) / uptime)	/* round */
693		if (hflag) {
694			printf(" ");
695			prthuman(total.t_avm * (u_int64_t)sum.v_page_size, 7);
696			printf(" ");
697			prthuman(total.t_free * (u_int64_t)sum.v_page_size, 6);
698			printf(" ");
699		} else {
700			printf(" %7d ", vmstat_pgtok(total.t_avm));
701			printf(" %6d ", vmstat_pgtok(total.t_free));
702		}
703		(void)printf("%5lu ",
704		    (unsigned long)rate(sum.v_vm_faults - osum.v_vm_faults));
705		(void)printf("%3lu ",
706		    (unsigned long)rate(sum.v_reactivated - osum.v_reactivated));
707		(void)printf("%3lu ",
708		    (unsigned long)rate(sum.v_swapin + sum.v_vnodein -
709		    (osum.v_swapin + osum.v_vnodein)));
710		(void)printf("%3lu ",
711		    (unsigned long)rate(sum.v_swapout + sum.v_vnodeout -
712		    (osum.v_swapout + osum.v_vnodeout)));
713		(void)printf("%5lu ",
714		    (unsigned long)rate(sum.v_tfree - osum.v_tfree));
715		(void)printf("%3lu ",
716		    (unsigned long)rate(sum.v_pdpages - osum.v_pdpages));
717		devstats();
718		(void)printf("%4lu %4lu %4lu",
719		    (unsigned long)rate(sum.v_intr - osum.v_intr),
720		    (unsigned long)rate(sum.v_syscall - osum.v_syscall),
721		    (unsigned long)rate(sum.v_swtch - osum.v_swtch));
722		if (Pflag)
723			pcpustats(ncpus, cpumask, maxid);
724		else
725			cpustats();
726		(void)printf("\n");
727		(void)fflush(stdout);
728		if (reps >= 0 && --reps <= 0)
729			break;
730		osum = sum;
731		uptime = interval;
732		/*
733		 * We round upward to avoid losing low-frequency events
734		 * (i.e., >= 1 per interval but < 1 per second).
735		 */
736		if (interval != 1)
737			halfuptime = (uptime + 1) / 2;
738		else
739			halfuptime = 0;
740		(void)sleep(interval);
741	}
742}
743
744static void
745printhdr(int ncpus, u_long cpumask)
746{
747	int i, num_shown;
748
749	num_shown = (num_selected < maxshowdevs) ? num_selected : maxshowdevs;
750	(void)printf(" procs      memory      page%*s", 19, "");
751	if (num_shown > 1)
752		(void)printf(" disks %*s", num_shown * 4 - 7, "");
753	else if (num_shown == 1)
754		(void)printf("disk");
755	(void)printf("   faults         ");
756	if (Pflag) {
757		for (i = 0; i < ncpus; i++) {
758			if (cpumask & (1ul << i))
759				printf("cpu%-2d    ", i);
760		}
761		printf("\n");
762	} else
763		printf("cpu\n");
764	(void)printf(" r b w     avm    fre   flt  re  pi  po    fr  sr ");
765	for (i = 0; i < num_devices; i++)
766		if ((dev_select[i].selected)
767		 && (dev_select[i].selected <= maxshowdevs))
768			(void)printf("%c%c%d ", dev_select[i].device_name[0],
769				     dev_select[i].device_name[1],
770				     dev_select[i].unit_number);
771	(void)printf("  in   sy   cs");
772	if (Pflag) {
773		for (i = 0; i < ncpus; i++)
774			printf(" us sy id");
775		printf("\n");
776	} else
777		printf(" us sy id\n");
778	if (wresized != 0)
779		doresize();
780	hdrcnt = winlines;
781}
782
783/*
784 * Force a header to be prepended to the next output.
785 */
786static void
787needhdr(int dummy __unused)
788{
789
790	hdrcnt = 1;
791}
792
793/*
794 * When the terminal is resized, force an update of the maximum number of rows
795 * printed between each header repetition.  Then force a new header to be
796 * prepended to the next output.
797 */
798void
799needresize(int signo)
800{
801
802	wresized = 1;
803	hdrcnt = 1;
804}
805
806/*
807 * Update the global `winlines' count of terminal rows.
808 */
809void
810doresize(void)
811{
812	int status;
813	struct winsize w;
814
815	for (;;) {
816		status = ioctl(fileno(stdout), TIOCGWINSZ, &w);
817		if (status == -1 && errno == EINTR)
818			continue;
819		else if (status == -1)
820			err(1, "ioctl");
821		if (w.ws_row > 3)
822			winlines = w.ws_row - 3;
823		else
824			winlines = VMSTAT_DEFAULT_LINES;
825		break;
826	}
827
828	/*
829	 * Inhibit doresize() calls until we are rescheduled by SIGWINCH.
830	 */
831	wresized = 0;
832}
833
834#ifdef notyet
835static void
836dotimes(void)
837{
838	unsigned int pgintime, rectime;
839
840	kread(X_REC, &rectime, sizeof(rectime));
841	kread(X_PGIN, &pgintime, sizeof(pgintime));
842	kread(X_SUM, &sum, sizeof(sum));
843	(void)printf("%u reclaims, %u total time (usec)\n",
844	    sum.v_pgrec, rectime);
845	(void)printf("average: %u usec / reclaim\n", rectime / sum.v_pgrec);
846	(void)printf("\n");
847	(void)printf("%u page ins, %u total time (msec)\n",
848	    sum.v_pgin, pgintime / 10);
849	(void)printf("average: %8.1f msec / page in\n",
850	    pgintime / (sum.v_pgin * 10.0));
851}
852#endif
853
854static long
855pct(long top, long bot)
856{
857	long ans;
858
859	if (bot == 0)
860		return(0);
861	ans = (quad_t)top * 100 / bot;
862	return (ans);
863}
864
865#define	PCT(top, bot) pct((long)(top), (long)(bot))
866
867static void
868dosum(void)
869{
870	struct nchstats lnchstats;
871	long nchtotal;
872
873	fill_vmmeter(&sum);
874	(void)printf("%9u cpu context switches\n", sum.v_swtch);
875	(void)printf("%9u device interrupts\n", sum.v_intr);
876	(void)printf("%9u software interrupts\n", sum.v_soft);
877	(void)printf("%9u traps\n", sum.v_trap);
878	(void)printf("%9u system calls\n", sum.v_syscall);
879	(void)printf("%9u kernel threads created\n", sum.v_kthreads);
880	(void)printf("%9u  fork() calls\n", sum.v_forks);
881	(void)printf("%9u vfork() calls\n", sum.v_vforks);
882	(void)printf("%9u rfork() calls\n", sum.v_rforks);
883	(void)printf("%9u swap pager pageins\n", sum.v_swapin);
884	(void)printf("%9u swap pager pages paged in\n", sum.v_swappgsin);
885	(void)printf("%9u swap pager pageouts\n", sum.v_swapout);
886	(void)printf("%9u swap pager pages paged out\n", sum.v_swappgsout);
887	(void)printf("%9u vnode pager pageins\n", sum.v_vnodein);
888	(void)printf("%9u vnode pager pages paged in\n", sum.v_vnodepgsin);
889	(void)printf("%9u vnode pager pageouts\n", sum.v_vnodeout);
890	(void)printf("%9u vnode pager pages paged out\n", sum.v_vnodepgsout);
891	(void)printf("%9u page daemon wakeups\n", sum.v_pdwakeups);
892	(void)printf("%9u pages examined by the page daemon\n", sum.v_pdpages);
893	(void)printf("%9u pages reactivated\n", sum.v_reactivated);
894	(void)printf("%9u copy-on-write faults\n", sum.v_cow_faults);
895	(void)printf("%9u copy-on-write optimized faults\n", sum.v_cow_optim);
896	(void)printf("%9u zero fill pages zeroed\n", sum.v_zfod);
897	(void)printf("%9u zero fill pages prezeroed\n", sum.v_ozfod);
898	(void)printf("%9u intransit blocking page faults\n", sum.v_intrans);
899	(void)printf("%9u total VM faults taken\n", sum.v_vm_faults);
900	(void)printf("%9u pages affected by kernel thread creation\n", sum.v_kthreadpages);
901	(void)printf("%9u pages affected by  fork()\n", sum.v_forkpages);
902	(void)printf("%9u pages affected by vfork()\n", sum.v_vforkpages);
903	(void)printf("%9u pages affected by rfork()\n", sum.v_rforkpages);
904	(void)printf("%9u pages cached\n", sum.v_tcached);
905	(void)printf("%9u pages freed\n", sum.v_tfree);
906	(void)printf("%9u pages freed by daemon\n", sum.v_dfree);
907	(void)printf("%9u pages freed by exiting processes\n", sum.v_pfree);
908	(void)printf("%9u pages active\n", sum.v_active_count);
909	(void)printf("%9u pages inactive\n", sum.v_inactive_count);
910	(void)printf("%9u pages in VM cache\n", sum.v_cache_count);
911	(void)printf("%9u pages wired down\n", sum.v_wire_count);
912	(void)printf("%9u pages free\n", sum.v_free_count);
913	(void)printf("%9u bytes per page\n", sum.v_page_size);
914	if (kd != NULL) {
915		kread(X_NCHSTATS, &lnchstats, sizeof(lnchstats));
916	} else {
917		size_t size = sizeof(lnchstats);
918		mysysctl("vfs.cache.nchstats", &lnchstats, &size, NULL, 0);
919		if (size != sizeof(lnchstats))
920			errx(1, "vfs.cache.nchstats size mismatch");
921	}
922	nchtotal = lnchstats.ncs_goodhits + lnchstats.ncs_neghits +
923	    lnchstats.ncs_badhits + lnchstats.ncs_falsehits +
924	    lnchstats.ncs_miss + lnchstats.ncs_long;
925	(void)printf("%9ld total name lookups\n", nchtotal);
926	(void)printf(
927	    "%9s cache hits (%ld%% pos + %ld%% neg) system %ld%% per-directory\n",
928	    "", PCT(lnchstats.ncs_goodhits, nchtotal),
929	    PCT(lnchstats.ncs_neghits, nchtotal),
930	    PCT(lnchstats.ncs_pass2, nchtotal));
931	(void)printf("%9s deletions %ld%%, falsehits %ld%%, toolong %ld%%\n", "",
932	    PCT(lnchstats.ncs_badhits, nchtotal),
933	    PCT(lnchstats.ncs_falsehits, nchtotal),
934	    PCT(lnchstats.ncs_long, nchtotal));
935}
936
937static void
938doforkst(void)
939{
940	fill_vmmeter(&sum);
941	(void)printf("%u forks, %u pages, average %.2f\n",
942	    sum.v_forks, sum.v_forkpages,
943	    sum.v_forks == 0 ? 0.0 :
944	    (double)sum.v_forkpages / sum.v_forks);
945	(void)printf("%u vforks, %u pages, average %.2f\n",
946	    sum.v_vforks, sum.v_vforkpages,
947	    sum.v_vforks == 0 ? 0.0 :
948	    (double)sum.v_vforkpages / sum.v_vforks);
949	(void)printf("%u rforks, %u pages, average %.2f\n",
950	    sum.v_rforks, sum.v_rforkpages,
951	    sum.v_rforks == 0 ? 0.0 :
952	    (double)sum.v_rforkpages / sum.v_rforks);
953}
954
955static void
956devstats(void)
957{
958	int dn, state;
959	long double transfers_per_second;
960	long double busy_seconds;
961	long tmp;
962
963	for (state = 0; state < CPUSTATES; ++state) {
964		tmp = cur.cp_time[state];
965		cur.cp_time[state] -= last.cp_time[state];
966		last.cp_time[state] = tmp;
967	}
968
969	busy_seconds = cur.snap_time - last.snap_time;
970
971	for (dn = 0; dn < num_devices; dn++) {
972		int di;
973
974		if ((dev_select[dn].selected == 0)
975		 || (dev_select[dn].selected > maxshowdevs))
976			continue;
977
978		di = dev_select[dn].position;
979
980		if (devstat_compute_statistics(&cur.dinfo->devices[di],
981		    &last.dinfo->devices[di], busy_seconds,
982		    DSM_TRANSFERS_PER_SECOND, &transfers_per_second,
983		    DSM_NONE) != 0)
984			errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
985
986		(void)printf("%3.0Lf ", transfers_per_second);
987	}
988}
989
990static void
991percent(double pct, int *over)
992{
993	char buf[10];
994	int l;
995
996	l = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.0f", pct);
997	if (l == 1 && *over) {
998		printf("%s",  buf);
999		(*over)--;
1000	} else
1001		printf("%2s", buf);
1002	if (l > 2)
1003		(*over)++;
1004}
1005
1006static void
1007cpustats(void)
1008{
1009	int state, over;
1010	double lpct, total;
1011
1012	total = 0;
1013	for (state = 0; state < CPUSTATES; ++state)
1014		total += cur.cp_time[state];
1015	if (total)
1016		lpct = 100.0 / total;
1017	else
1018		lpct = 0.0;
1019	over = 0;
1020	printf(" ");
1021	percent((cur.cp_time[CP_USER] + cur.cp_time[CP_NICE]) * lpct, &over);
1022	printf(" ");
1023	percent((cur.cp_time[CP_SYS] + cur.cp_time[CP_INTR]) * lpct, &over);
1024	printf(" ");
1025	percent(cur.cp_time[CP_IDLE] * lpct, &over);
1026}
1027
1028static void
1029pcpustats(int ncpus, u_long cpumask, int maxid)
1030{
1031	int state, i;
1032	double lpct, total;
1033	long tmp;
1034	int over;
1035
1036	/* devstats does this for cp_time */
1037	for (i = 0; i <= maxid; i++) {
1038		if ((cpumask & (1ul << i)) == 0)
1039			continue;
1040		for (state = 0; state < CPUSTATES; ++state) {
1041			tmp = cur_cp_times[i * CPUSTATES + state];
1042			cur_cp_times[i * CPUSTATES + state] -= last_cp_times[i * CPUSTATES + state];
1043			last_cp_times[i * CPUSTATES + state] = tmp;
1044		}
1045	}
1046
1047	over = 0;
1048	for (i = 0; i <= maxid; i++) {
1049		if ((cpumask & (1ul << i)) == 0)
1050			continue;
1051		total = 0;
1052		for (state = 0; state < CPUSTATES; ++state)
1053			total += cur_cp_times[i * CPUSTATES + state];
1054		if (total)
1055			lpct = 100.0 / total;
1056		else
1057			lpct = 0.0;
1058		printf(" ");
1059		percent((cur_cp_times[i * CPUSTATES + CP_USER] +
1060			 cur_cp_times[i * CPUSTATES + CP_NICE]) * lpct, &over);
1061		printf(" ");
1062		percent((cur_cp_times[i * CPUSTATES + CP_SYS] +
1063			 cur_cp_times[i * CPUSTATES + CP_INTR]) * lpct, &over);
1064		printf(" ");
1065		percent(cur_cp_times[i * CPUSTATES + CP_IDLE] * lpct, &over);
1066	}
1067}
1068
1069static void
1070dointr(void)
1071{
1072	unsigned long *intrcnt, uptime;
1073	uint64_t inttotal;
1074	size_t clen, inamlen, intrcntlen, istrnamlen;
1075	unsigned int i, nintr;
1076	char *intrname, *tintrname;
1077
1078	uptime = getuptime();
1079	if (kd != NULL) {
1080		intrcntlen = namelist[X_EINTRCNT].n_value -
1081		    namelist[X_INTRCNT].n_value;
1082		inamlen = namelist[X_EINTRNAMES].n_value -
1083		    namelist[X_INTRNAMES].n_value;
1084		if ((intrcnt = malloc(intrcntlen)) == NULL ||
1085		    (intrname = malloc(inamlen)) == NULL)
1086			err(1, "malloc()");
1087		kread(X_INTRCNT, intrcnt, intrcntlen);
1088		kread(X_INTRNAMES, intrname, inamlen);
1089	} else {
1090		for (intrcnt = NULL, intrcntlen = 1024; ; intrcntlen *= 2) {
1091			if ((intrcnt = reallocf(intrcnt, intrcntlen)) == NULL)
1092				err(1, "reallocf()");
1093			if (mysysctl("hw.intrcnt",
1094			    intrcnt, &intrcntlen, NULL, 0) == 0)
1095				break;
1096		}
1097		for (intrname = NULL, inamlen = 1024; ; inamlen *= 2) {
1098			if ((intrname = reallocf(intrname, inamlen)) == NULL)
1099				err(1, "reallocf()");
1100			if (mysysctl("hw.intrnames",
1101			    intrname, &inamlen, NULL, 0) == 0)
1102				break;
1103		}
1104	}
1105	nintr = intrcntlen / sizeof(unsigned long);
1106	tintrname = intrname;
1107	istrnamlen = strlen("interrupt");
1108	for (i = 0; i < nintr; i++) {
1109		clen = strlen(tintrname);
1110		if (clen > istrnamlen)
1111			istrnamlen = clen;
1112		tintrname += clen + 1;
1113	}
1114	(void)printf("%-*s %20s %10s\n", istrnamlen, "interrupt", "total",
1115	    "rate");
1116	inttotal = 0;
1117	for (i = 0; i < nintr; i++) {
1118		if (intrname[0] != '\0' && (*intrcnt != 0 || aflag))
1119			(void)printf("%-*s %20lu %10lu\n", istrnamlen, intrname,
1120			    *intrcnt, *intrcnt / uptime);
1121		intrname += strlen(intrname) + 1;
1122		inttotal += *intrcnt++;
1123	}
1124	(void)printf("%-*s %20llu %10llu\n", istrnamlen, "Total",
1125	    (long long)inttotal, (long long)(inttotal / uptime));
1126}
1127
1128static void
1129domemstat_malloc(void)
1130{
1131	struct memory_type_list *mtlp;
1132	struct memory_type *mtp;
1133	int error, first, i;
1134
1135	mtlp = memstat_mtl_alloc();
1136	if (mtlp == NULL) {
1137		warn("memstat_mtl_alloc");
1138		return;
1139	}
1140	if (kd == NULL) {
1141		if (memstat_sysctl_malloc(mtlp, 0) < 0) {
1142			warnx("memstat_sysctl_malloc: %s",
1143			    memstat_strerror(memstat_mtl_geterror(mtlp)));
1144			return;
1145		}
1146	} else {
1147		if (memstat_kvm_malloc(mtlp, kd) < 0) {
1148			error = memstat_mtl_geterror(mtlp);
1149			if (error == MEMSTAT_ERROR_KVM)
1150				warnx("memstat_kvm_malloc: %s",
1151				    kvm_geterr(kd));
1152			else
1153				warnx("memstat_kvm_malloc: %s",
1154				    memstat_strerror(error));
1155		}
1156	}
1157	printf("%13s %5s %6s %7s %8s  Size(s)\n", "Type", "InUse", "MemUse",
1158	    "HighUse", "Requests");
1159	for (mtp = memstat_mtl_first(mtlp); mtp != NULL;
1160	    mtp = memstat_mtl_next(mtp)) {
1161		if (memstat_get_numallocs(mtp) == 0 &&
1162		    memstat_get_count(mtp) == 0)
1163			continue;
1164		printf("%13s %5lld %5lldK %7s %8lld  ",
1165		    memstat_get_name(mtp), memstat_get_count(mtp),
1166		    ((int64_t)memstat_get_bytes(mtp) + 1023) / 1024, "-",
1167		    memstat_get_numallocs(mtp));
1168		first = 1;
1169		for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
1170			if (memstat_get_sizemask(mtp) & (1 << i)) {
1171				if (!first)
1172					printf(",");
1173				printf("%d", 1 << (i + 4));
1174				first = 0;
1175			}
1176		}
1177		printf("\n");
1178	}
1179	memstat_mtl_free(mtlp);
1180}
1181
1182static void
1183domemstat_zone(void)
1184{
1185	struct memory_type_list *mtlp;
1186	struct memory_type *mtp;
1187	char name[MEMTYPE_MAXNAME + 1];
1188	int error;
1189
1190	mtlp = memstat_mtl_alloc();
1191	if (mtlp == NULL) {
1192		warn("memstat_mtl_alloc");
1193		return;
1194	}
1195	if (kd == NULL) {
1196		if (memstat_sysctl_uma(mtlp, 0) < 0) {
1197			warnx("memstat_sysctl_uma: %s",
1198			    memstat_strerror(memstat_mtl_geterror(mtlp)));
1199			return;
1200		}
1201	} else {
1202		if (memstat_kvm_uma(mtlp, kd) < 0) {
1203			error = memstat_mtl_geterror(mtlp);
1204			if (error == MEMSTAT_ERROR_KVM)
1205				warnx("memstat_kvm_uma: %s",
1206				    kvm_geterr(kd));
1207			else
1208				warnx("memstat_kvm_uma: %s",
1209				    memstat_strerror(error));
1210		}
1211	}
1212	printf("%-20s %8s  %8s  %8s  %8s  %8s  %8s\n\n", "ITEM", "SIZE",
1213	    "LIMIT", "USED", "FREE", "REQUESTS", "FAILURES");
1214	for (mtp = memstat_mtl_first(mtlp); mtp != NULL;
1215	    mtp = memstat_mtl_next(mtp)) {
1216		strlcpy(name, memstat_get_name(mtp), MEMTYPE_MAXNAME);
1217		strcat(name, ":");
1218		printf("%-20s %8llu, %8llu, %8llu, %8llu, %8llu, %8llu\n", name,
1219		    memstat_get_size(mtp), memstat_get_countlimit(mtp),
1220		    memstat_get_count(mtp), memstat_get_free(mtp),
1221		    memstat_get_numallocs(mtp), memstat_get_failures(mtp));
1222	}
1223	memstat_mtl_free(mtlp);
1224	printf("\n");
1225}
1226
1227/*
1228 * kread reads something from the kernel, given its nlist index.
1229 */
1230static void
1231kreado(int nlx, void *addr, size_t size, size_t offset)
1232{
1233	const char *sym;
1234
1235	if (namelist[nlx].n_type == 0 || namelist[nlx].n_value == 0) {
1236		sym = namelist[nlx].n_name;
1237		if (*sym == '_')
1238			++sym;
1239		errx(1, "symbol %s not defined", sym);
1240	}
1241	if ((size_t)kvm_read(kd, namelist[nlx].n_value + offset, addr,
1242	    size) != size) {
1243		sym = namelist[nlx].n_name;
1244		if (*sym == '_')
1245			++sym;
1246		errx(1, "%s: %s", sym, kvm_geterr(kd));
1247	}
1248}
1249
1250static void
1251kread(int nlx, void *addr, size_t size)
1252{
1253	kreado(nlx, addr, size, 0);
1254}
1255
1256static char *
1257kgetstr(const char *strp)
1258{
1259	int n = 0, size = 1;
1260	char *ret = NULL;
1261
1262	do {
1263		if (size == n + 1) {
1264			ret = realloc(ret, size);
1265			if (ret == NULL)
1266				err(1, "%s: realloc", __func__);
1267			size *= 2;
1268		}
1269		if (kvm_read(kd, (u_long)strp + n, &ret[n], 1) != 1)
1270			errx(1, "%s: %s", __func__, kvm_geterr(kd));
1271	} while (ret[n++] != '\0');
1272	return (ret);
1273}
1274
1275static void
1276usage(void)
1277{
1278	(void)fprintf(stderr, "%s%s",
1279		"usage: vmstat [-afHhimPsz] [-c count] [-M core [-N system]] [-w wait]\n",
1280		"              [-n devs] [-p type,if,pass] [disks]\n");
1281	exit(1);
1282}
1283