newfs_msdos.c revision 223945
1/* 2 * Copyright (c) 1998 Robert Nordier 3 * All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 6 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 7 * are met: 8 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 9 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 10 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in 12 * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the 13 * distribution. 14 * 15 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS 16 * OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 17 * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 18 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY 19 * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 20 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE 21 * GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS 22 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER 23 * IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR 24 * OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN 25 * IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 26 */ 27 28#ifndef lint 29static const char rcsid[] = 30 "$FreeBSD: head/sbin/newfs_msdos/newfs_msdos.c 223945 2011-07-12 09:03:38Z ae $"; 31#endif /* not lint */ 32 33#include <sys/param.h> 34#include <sys/fdcio.h> 35#include <sys/disk.h> 36#include <sys/disklabel.h> 37#include <sys/mount.h> 38#include <sys/stat.h> 39#include <sys/time.h> 40 41#include <ctype.h> 42#include <err.h> 43#include <errno.h> 44#include <fcntl.h> 45#include <inttypes.h> 46#include <paths.h> 47#include <signal.h> 48#include <stdio.h> 49#include <stdlib.h> 50#include <string.h> 51#include <time.h> 52#include <unistd.h> 53 54#define MAXU16 0xffff /* maximum unsigned 16-bit quantity */ 55#define BPN 4 /* bits per nibble */ 56#define NPB 2 /* nibbles per byte */ 57 58#define DOSMAGIC 0xaa55 /* DOS magic number */ 59#define MINBPS 512 /* minimum bytes per sector */ 60#define MAXSPC 128 /* maximum sectors per cluster */ 61#define MAXNFT 16 /* maximum number of FATs */ 62#define DEFBLK 4096 /* default block size */ 63#define DEFBLK16 2048 /* default block size FAT16 */ 64#define DEFRDE 512 /* default root directory entries */ 65#define RESFTE 2 /* reserved FAT entries */ 66#define MINCLS12 1U /* minimum FAT12 clusters */ 67#define MINCLS16 0x1000U /* minimum FAT16 clusters */ 68#define MINCLS32 2U /* minimum FAT32 clusters */ 69#define MAXCLS12 0xfedU /* maximum FAT12 clusters */ 70#define MAXCLS16 0xfff5U /* maximum FAT16 clusters */ 71#define MAXCLS32 0xffffff5U /* maximum FAT32 clusters */ 72 73#define mincls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MINCLS12 : \ 74 (fat) == 16 ? MINCLS16 : \ 75 MINCLS32) 76 77#define maxcls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MAXCLS12 : \ 78 (fat) == 16 ? MAXCLS16 : \ 79 MAXCLS32) 80 81#define mk1(p, x) \ 82 (p) = (u_int8_t)(x) 83 84#define mk2(p, x) \ 85 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \ 86 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010) 87 88#define mk4(p, x) \ 89 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \ 90 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010), \ 91 (p)[2] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 020), \ 92 (p)[3] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 030) 93 94#define argto1(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xff, msg) 95#define argto2(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xffff, msg) 96#define argto4(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xffffffff, msg) 97#define argtox(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, UINT_MAX, msg) 98 99struct bs { 100 u_int8_t bsJump[3]; /* bootstrap entry point */ 101 u_int8_t bsOemName[8]; /* OEM name and version */ 102}; 103 104struct bsbpb { 105 u_int8_t bpbBytesPerSec[2]; /* bytes per sector */ 106 u_int8_t bpbSecPerClust; /* sectors per cluster */ 107 u_int8_t bpbResSectors[2]; /* reserved sectors */ 108 u_int8_t bpbFATs; /* number of FATs */ 109 u_int8_t bpbRootDirEnts[2]; /* root directory entries */ 110 u_int8_t bpbSectors[2]; /* total sectors */ 111 u_int8_t bpbMedia; /* media descriptor */ 112 u_int8_t bpbFATsecs[2]; /* sectors per FAT */ 113 u_int8_t bpbSecPerTrack[2]; /* sectors per track */ 114 u_int8_t bpbHeads[2]; /* drive heads */ 115 u_int8_t bpbHiddenSecs[4]; /* hidden sectors */ 116 u_int8_t bpbHugeSectors[4]; /* big total sectors */ 117}; 118 119struct bsxbpb { 120 u_int8_t bpbBigFATsecs[4]; /* big sectors per FAT */ 121 u_int8_t bpbExtFlags[2]; /* FAT control flags */ 122 u_int8_t bpbFSVers[2]; /* file system version */ 123 u_int8_t bpbRootClust[4]; /* root directory start cluster */ 124 u_int8_t bpbFSInfo[2]; /* file system info sector */ 125 u_int8_t bpbBackup[2]; /* backup boot sector */ 126 u_int8_t bpbReserved[12]; /* reserved */ 127}; 128 129struct bsx { 130 u_int8_t exDriveNumber; /* drive number */ 131 u_int8_t exReserved1; /* reserved */ 132 u_int8_t exBootSignature; /* extended boot signature */ 133 u_int8_t exVolumeID[4]; /* volume ID number */ 134 u_int8_t exVolumeLabel[11]; /* volume label */ 135 u_int8_t exFileSysType[8]; /* file system type */ 136}; 137 138struct de { 139 u_int8_t deName[11]; /* name and extension */ 140 u_int8_t deAttributes; /* attributes */ 141 u_int8_t rsvd[10]; /* reserved */ 142 u_int8_t deMTime[2]; /* creation time */ 143 u_int8_t deMDate[2]; /* creation date */ 144 u_int8_t deStartCluster[2]; /* starting cluster */ 145 u_int8_t deFileSize[4]; /* size */ 146}; 147 148struct bpb { 149 u_int bpbBytesPerSec; /* bytes per sector */ 150 u_int bpbSecPerClust; /* sectors per cluster */ 151 u_int bpbResSectors; /* reserved sectors */ 152 u_int bpbFATs; /* number of FATs */ 153 u_int bpbRootDirEnts; /* root directory entries */ 154 u_int bpbSectors; /* total sectors */ 155 u_int bpbMedia; /* media descriptor */ 156 u_int bpbFATsecs; /* sectors per FAT */ 157 u_int bpbSecPerTrack; /* sectors per track */ 158 u_int bpbHeads; /* drive heads */ 159 u_int bpbHiddenSecs; /* hidden sectors */ 160 u_int bpbHugeSectors; /* big total sectors */ 161 u_int bpbBigFATsecs; /* big sectors per FAT */ 162 u_int bpbRootClust; /* root directory start cluster */ 163 u_int bpbFSInfo; /* file system info sector */ 164 u_int bpbBackup; /* backup boot sector */ 165}; 166 167#define BPBGAP 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 168 169#define INIT(a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j) \ 170 { .bpbBytesPerSec = a, .bpbSecPerClust = b, .bpbResSectors = c, .bpbFATs = d, .bpbRootDirEnts = e, \ 171 .bpbSectors = f, .bpbMedia = g, .bpbFATsecs = h, .bpbSecPerTrack = i, .bpbHeads = j, } 172static struct { 173 const char *name; 174 struct bpb bpb; 175} const stdfmt[] = { 176 {"160", INIT(512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 320, 0xfe, 1, 8, 1)}, 177 {"180", INIT(512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 360, 0xfc, 2, 9, 1)}, 178 {"320", INIT(512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 640, 0xff, 1, 8, 2)}, 179 {"360", INIT(512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 720, 0xfd, 2, 9, 2)}, 180 {"640", INIT(512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1280, 0xfb, 2, 8, 2)}, 181 {"720", INIT(512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1440, 0xf9, 3, 9, 2)}, 182 {"1200", INIT(512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2400, 0xf9, 7, 15, 2)}, 183 {"1232", INIT(1024,1, 1, 2, 192, 1232, 0xfe, 2, 8, 2)}, 184 {"1440", INIT(512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2880, 0xf0, 9, 18, 2)}, 185 {"2880", INIT(512, 2, 1, 2, 240, 5760, 0xf0, 9, 36, 2)} 186}; 187 188static const u_int8_t bootcode[] = { 189 0xfa, /* cli */ 190 0x31, 0xc0, /* xor ax,ax */ 191 0x8e, 0xd0, /* mov ss,ax */ 192 0xbc, 0x00, 0x7c, /* mov sp,7c00h */ 193 0xfb, /* sti */ 194 0x8e, 0xd8, /* mov ds,ax */ 195 0xe8, 0x00, 0x00, /* call $ + 3 */ 196 0x5e, /* pop si */ 197 0x83, 0xc6, 0x19, /* add si,+19h */ 198 0xbb, 0x07, 0x00, /* mov bx,0007h */ 199 0xfc, /* cld */ 200 0xac, /* lodsb */ 201 0x84, 0xc0, /* test al,al */ 202 0x74, 0x06, /* jz $ + 8 */ 203 0xb4, 0x0e, /* mov ah,0eh */ 204 0xcd, 0x10, /* int 10h */ 205 0xeb, 0xf5, /* jmp $ - 9 */ 206 0x30, 0xe4, /* xor ah,ah */ 207 0xcd, 0x16, /* int 16h */ 208 0xcd, 0x19, /* int 19h */ 209 0x0d, 0x0a, 210 'N', 'o', 'n', '-', 's', 'y', 's', 't', 211 'e', 'm', ' ', 'd', 'i', 's', 'k', 212 0x0d, 0x0a, 213 'P', 'r', 'e', 's', 's', ' ', 'a', 'n', 214 'y', ' ', 'k', 'e', 'y', ' ', 't', 'o', 215 ' ', 'r', 'e', 'b', 'o', 'o', 't', 216 0x0d, 0x0a, 217 0 218}; 219 220static volatile sig_atomic_t got_siginfo; 221static void infohandler(int); 222 223static void check_mounted(const char *, mode_t); 224static void getstdfmt(const char *, struct bpb *); 225static void getdiskinfo(int, const char *, const char *, int, 226 struct bpb *); 227static void print_bpb(struct bpb *); 228static u_int ckgeom(const char *, u_int, const char *); 229static u_int argtou(const char *, u_int, u_int, const char *); 230static off_t argtooff(const char *, const char *); 231static int oklabel(const char *); 232static void mklabel(u_int8_t *, const char *); 233static void setstr(u_int8_t *, const char *, size_t); 234static void usage(void); 235 236/* 237 * Construct a FAT12, FAT16, or FAT32 file system. 238 */ 239int 240main(int argc, char *argv[]) 241{ 242 static const char opts[] = "@:NB:C:F:I:L:O:S:a:b:c:e:f:h:i:k:m:n:o:r:s:u:"; 243 const char *opt_B = NULL, *opt_L = NULL, *opt_O = NULL, *opt_f = NULL; 244 u_int opt_F = 0, opt_I = 0, opt_S = 0, opt_a = 0, opt_b = 0, opt_c = 0; 245 u_int opt_e = 0, opt_h = 0, opt_i = 0, opt_k = 0, opt_m = 0, opt_n = 0; 246 u_int opt_o = 0, opt_r = 0, opt_s = 0, opt_u = 0; 247 int opt_N = 0; 248 int Iflag = 0, mflag = 0, oflag = 0; 249 char buf[MAXPATHLEN]; 250 struct sigaction si_sa; 251 struct stat sb; 252 struct timeval tv; 253 struct bpb bpb; 254 struct tm *tm; 255 struct bs *bs; 256 struct bsbpb *bsbpb; 257 struct bsxbpb *bsxbpb; 258 struct bsx *bsx; 259 struct de *de; 260 u_int8_t *img; 261 const char *fname, *dtype, *bname; 262 ssize_t n; 263 time_t now; 264 u_int fat, bss, rds, cls, dir, lsn, x, x1, x2; 265 int ch, fd, fd1; 266 off_t opt_create = 0, opt_ofs = 0; 267 268 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, opts)) != -1) 269 switch (ch) { 270 case '@': 271 opt_ofs = argtooff(optarg, "offset"); 272 break; 273 case 'N': 274 opt_N = 1; 275 break; 276 case 'B': 277 opt_B = optarg; 278 break; 279 case 'C': 280 opt_create = argtooff(optarg, "create size"); 281 break; 282 case 'F': 283 if (strcmp(optarg, "12") && 284 strcmp(optarg, "16") && 285 strcmp(optarg, "32")) 286 errx(1, "%s: bad FAT type", optarg); 287 opt_F = atoi(optarg); 288 break; 289 case 'I': 290 opt_I = argto4(optarg, 0, "volume ID"); 291 Iflag = 1; 292 break; 293 case 'L': 294 if (!oklabel(optarg)) 295 errx(1, "%s: bad volume label", optarg); 296 opt_L = optarg; 297 break; 298 case 'O': 299 if (strlen(optarg) > 8) 300 errx(1, "%s: bad OEM string", optarg); 301 opt_O = optarg; 302 break; 303 case 'S': 304 opt_S = argto2(optarg, 1, "bytes/sector"); 305 break; 306 case 'a': 307 opt_a = argto4(optarg, 1, "sectors/FAT"); 308 break; 309 case 'b': 310 opt_b = argtox(optarg, 1, "block size"); 311 opt_c = 0; 312 break; 313 case 'c': 314 opt_c = argto1(optarg, 1, "sectors/cluster"); 315 opt_b = 0; 316 break; 317 case 'e': 318 opt_e = argto2(optarg, 1, "directory entries"); 319 break; 320 case 'f': 321 opt_f = optarg; 322 break; 323 case 'h': 324 opt_h = argto2(optarg, 1, "drive heads"); 325 break; 326 case 'i': 327 opt_i = argto2(optarg, 1, "info sector"); 328 break; 329 case 'k': 330 opt_k = argto2(optarg, 1, "backup sector"); 331 break; 332 case 'm': 333 opt_m = argto1(optarg, 0, "media descriptor"); 334 mflag = 1; 335 break; 336 case 'n': 337 opt_n = argto1(optarg, 1, "number of FATs"); 338 break; 339 case 'o': 340 opt_o = argto4(optarg, 0, "hidden sectors"); 341 oflag = 1; 342 break; 343 case 'r': 344 opt_r = argto2(optarg, 1, "reserved sectors"); 345 break; 346 case 's': 347 opt_s = argto4(optarg, 1, "file system size"); 348 break; 349 case 'u': 350 opt_u = argto2(optarg, 1, "sectors/track"); 351 break; 352 default: 353 usage(); 354 } 355 argc -= optind; 356 argv += optind; 357 if (argc < 1 || argc > 2) 358 usage(); 359 fname = *argv++; 360 if (!opt_create && !strchr(fname, '/')) { 361 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, fname); 362 if (!(fname = strdup(buf))) 363 err(1, NULL); 364 } 365 dtype = *argv; 366 if (opt_create) { 367 if (opt_N) 368 errx(1, "create (-C) is incompatible with -N"); 369 fd = open(fname, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644); 370 if (fd == -1) 371 errx(1, "failed to create %s", fname); 372 if (ftruncate(fd, opt_create)) 373 errx(1, "failed to initialize %jd bytes", (intmax_t)opt_create); 374 } else if ((fd = open(fname, opt_N ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR)) == -1) 375 err(1, "%s", fname); 376 if (fstat(fd, &sb)) 377 err(1, "%s", fname); 378 if (opt_create) { 379 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode)) 380 warnx("warning, %s is not a regular file", fname); 381 } else { 382 if (!S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode)) 383 warnx("warning, %s is not a character device", fname); 384 } 385 if (!opt_N) 386 check_mounted(fname, sb.st_mode); 387 if (opt_ofs && opt_ofs != lseek(fd, opt_ofs, SEEK_SET)) 388 errx(1, "cannot seek to %jd", (intmax_t)opt_ofs); 389 memset(&bpb, 0, sizeof(bpb)); 390 if (opt_f) { 391 getstdfmt(opt_f, &bpb); 392 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = bpb.bpbSectors; 393 bpb.bpbSectors = 0; 394 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = bpb.bpbFATsecs; 395 bpb.bpbFATsecs = 0; 396 } 397 if (opt_h) 398 bpb.bpbHeads = opt_h; 399 if (opt_u) 400 bpb.bpbSecPerTrack = opt_u; 401 if (opt_S) 402 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec = opt_S; 403 if (opt_s) 404 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = opt_s; 405 if (oflag) 406 bpb.bpbHiddenSecs = opt_o; 407 if (!(opt_f || (opt_h && opt_u && opt_S && opt_s && oflag))) { 408 off_t delta; 409 getdiskinfo(fd, fname, dtype, oflag, &bpb); 410 bpb.bpbHugeSectors -= (opt_ofs / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 411 delta = bpb.bpbHugeSectors % bpb.bpbSecPerTrack; 412 if (delta != 0) { 413 warnx("trim %d sectors to adjust to a multiple of %d", 414 (int)delta, bpb.bpbSecPerTrack); 415 bpb.bpbHugeSectors -= delta; 416 } 417 if (bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 0) { /* set defaults */ 418 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= 6000) /* about 3MB -> 512 bytes */ 419 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 1; 420 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<17)) /* 64M -> 4k */ 421 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 8; 422 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<19)) /* 256M -> 8k */ 423 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 16; 424 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<21)) /* 1G -> 16k */ 425 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 32; 426 else 427 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 64; /* otherwise 32k */ 428 } 429 } 430 if (!powerof2(bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) 431 errx(1, "bytes/sector (%u) is not a power of 2", bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 432 if (bpb.bpbBytesPerSec < MINBPS) 433 errx(1, "bytes/sector (%u) is too small; minimum is %u", 434 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec, MINBPS); 435 if (!(fat = opt_F)) { 436 if (opt_f) 437 fat = 12; 438 else if (!opt_e && (opt_i || opt_k)) 439 fat = 32; 440 } 441 if ((fat == 32 && opt_e) || (fat != 32 && (opt_i || opt_k))) 442 errx(1, "-%c is not a legal FAT%s option", 443 fat == 32 ? 'e' : opt_i ? 'i' : 'k', 444 fat == 32 ? "32" : "12/16"); 445 if (opt_f && fat == 32) 446 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = 0; 447 if (opt_b) { 448 if (!powerof2(opt_b)) 449 errx(1, "block size (%u) is not a power of 2", opt_b); 450 if (opt_b < bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) 451 errx(1, "block size (%u) is too small; minimum is %u", 452 opt_b, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 453 if (opt_b > bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXSPC) 454 errx(1, "block size (%u) is too large; maximum is %u", 455 opt_b, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXSPC); 456 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = opt_b / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec; 457 } 458 if (opt_c) { 459 if (!powerof2(opt_c)) 460 errx(1, "sectors/cluster (%u) is not a power of 2", opt_c); 461 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = opt_c; 462 } 463 if (opt_r) 464 bpb.bpbResSectors = opt_r; 465 if (opt_n) { 466 if (opt_n > MAXNFT) 467 errx(1, "number of FATs (%u) is too large; maximum is %u", 468 opt_n, MAXNFT); 469 bpb.bpbFATs = opt_n; 470 } 471 if (opt_e) 472 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = opt_e; 473 if (mflag) { 474 if (opt_m < 0xf0) 475 errx(1, "illegal media descriptor (%#x)", opt_m); 476 bpb.bpbMedia = opt_m; 477 } 478 if (opt_a) 479 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = opt_a; 480 if (opt_i) 481 bpb.bpbFSInfo = opt_i; 482 if (opt_k) 483 bpb.bpbBackup = opt_k; 484 bss = 1; 485 bname = NULL; 486 fd1 = -1; 487 if (opt_B) { 488 bname = opt_B; 489 if (!strchr(bname, '/')) { 490 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/boot/%s", bname); 491 if (!(bname = strdup(buf))) 492 err(1, NULL); 493 } 494 if ((fd1 = open(bname, O_RDONLY)) == -1 || fstat(fd1, &sb)) 495 err(1, "%s", bname); 496 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode) || sb.st_size % bpb.bpbBytesPerSec || 497 sb.st_size < bpb.bpbBytesPerSec || sb.st_size > bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXU16) 498 errx(1, "%s: inappropriate file type or format", bname); 499 bss = sb.st_size / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec; 500 } 501 if (!bpb.bpbFATs) 502 bpb.bpbFATs = 2; 503 if (!fat) { 504 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors < (bpb.bpbResSectors ? bpb.bpbResSectors : bss) + 505 howmany((RESFTE + (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1)) * 506 ((bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? 16 : 12) / BPN), bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB) * 507 bpb.bpbFATs + 508 howmany(bpb.bpbRootDirEnts ? bpb.bpbRootDirEnts : DEFRDE, 509 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)) + 510 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1) * 511 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust : howmany(DEFBLK, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec))) 512 fat = 12; 513 else if (bpb.bpbRootDirEnts || bpb.bpbHugeSectors < 514 (bpb.bpbResSectors ? bpb.bpbResSectors : bss) + 515 howmany((RESFTE + MAXCLS16) * 2, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) * bpb.bpbFATs + 516 howmany(DEFRDE, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)) + 517 (MAXCLS16 + 1) * 518 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust : howmany(8192, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec))) 519 fat = 16; 520 else 521 fat = 32; 522 } 523 x = bss; 524 if (fat == 32) { 525 if (!bpb.bpbFSInfo) { 526 if (x == MAXU16 || x == bpb.bpbBackup) 527 errx(1, "no room for info sector"); 528 bpb.bpbFSInfo = x; 529 } 530 if (bpb.bpbFSInfo != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bpbFSInfo) 531 x = bpb.bpbFSInfo + 1; 532 if (!bpb.bpbBackup) { 533 if (x == MAXU16) 534 errx(1, "no room for backup sector"); 535 bpb.bpbBackup = x; 536 } else if (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && bpb.bpbBackup == bpb.bpbFSInfo) 537 errx(1, "backup sector would overwrite info sector"); 538 if (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bpbBackup) 539 x = bpb.bpbBackup + 1; 540 } 541 if (!bpb.bpbResSectors) 542 bpb.bpbResSectors = fat == 32 ? MAX(x, MAX(16384 / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec, 4)) : x; 543 else if (bpb.bpbResSectors < x) 544 errx(1, "too few reserved sectors (need %d have %d)", x, bpb.bpbResSectors); 545 if (fat != 32 && !bpb.bpbRootDirEnts) 546 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = DEFRDE; 547 rds = howmany(bpb.bpbRootDirEnts, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)); 548 if (!bpb.bpbSecPerClust) 549 for (bpb.bpbSecPerClust = howmany(fat == 16 ? DEFBLK16 : DEFBLK, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 550 bpb.bpbSecPerClust < MAXSPC && 551 bpb.bpbResSectors + 552 howmany((RESFTE + maxcls(fat)) * (fat / BPN), 553 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB) * bpb.bpbFATs + 554 rds + 555 (u_int64_t)(maxcls(fat) + 1) * bpb.bpbSecPerClust <= bpb.bpbHugeSectors; 556 bpb.bpbSecPerClust <<= 1); 557 if (fat != 32 && bpb.bpbBigFATsecs > MAXU16) 558 errx(1, "too many sectors/FAT for FAT12/16"); 559 x1 = bpb.bpbResSectors + rds; 560 x = bpb.bpbBigFATsecs ? bpb.bpbBigFATsecs : 1; 561 if (x1 + (u_int64_t)x * bpb.bpbFATs > bpb.bpbHugeSectors) 562 errx(1, "meta data exceeds file system size"); 563 x1 += x * bpb.bpbFATs; 564 x = (u_int64_t)(bpb.bpbHugeSectors - x1) * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB / 565 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB + fat / BPN * bpb.bpbFATs); 566 x2 = howmany((RESFTE + MIN(x, maxcls(fat))) * (fat / BPN), 567 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB); 568 if (!bpb.bpbBigFATsecs) { 569 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = x2; 570 x1 += (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs - 1) * bpb.bpbFATs; 571 } 572 cls = (bpb.bpbHugeSectors - x1) / bpb.bpbSecPerClust; 573 x = (u_int64_t)bpb.bpbBigFATsecs * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB / (fat / BPN) - RESFTE; 574 if (cls > x) 575 cls = x; 576 if (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs < x2) 577 warnx("warning: sectors/FAT limits file system to %u clusters", 578 cls); 579 if (cls < mincls(fat)) 580 errx(1, "%u clusters too few clusters for FAT%u, need %u", cls, fat, 581 mincls(fat)); 582 if (cls > maxcls(fat)) { 583 cls = maxcls(fat); 584 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = x1 + (cls + 1) * bpb.bpbSecPerClust - 1; 585 warnx("warning: FAT type limits file system to %u sectors", 586 bpb.bpbHugeSectors); 587 } 588 printf("%s: %u sector%s in %u FAT%u cluster%s " 589 "(%u bytes/cluster)\n", fname, cls * bpb.bpbSecPerClust, 590 cls * bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 1 ? "" : "s", cls, fat, 591 cls == 1 ? "" : "s", bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * bpb.bpbSecPerClust); 592 if (!bpb.bpbMedia) 593 bpb.bpbMedia = !bpb.bpbHiddenSecs ? 0xf0 : 0xf8; 594 if (fat == 32) 595 bpb.bpbRootClust = RESFTE; 596 if (bpb.bpbHiddenSecs + bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= MAXU16) { 597 bpb.bpbSectors = bpb.bpbHugeSectors; 598 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = 0; 599 } 600 if (fat != 32) { 601 bpb.bpbFATsecs = bpb.bpbBigFATsecs; 602 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = 0; 603 } 604 print_bpb(&bpb); 605 if (!opt_N) { 606 gettimeofday(&tv, NULL); 607 now = tv.tv_sec; 608 tm = localtime(&now); 609 if (!(img = malloc(bpb.bpbBytesPerSec))) 610 err(1, NULL); 611 dir = bpb.bpbResSectors + (bpb.bpbFATsecs ? bpb.bpbFATsecs : bpb.bpbBigFATsecs) * bpb.bpbFATs; 612 memset(&si_sa, 0, sizeof(si_sa)); 613 si_sa.sa_handler = infohandler; 614 if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, 0) == -1) 615 err(1, "sigaction SIGINFO"); 616 for (lsn = 0; lsn < dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust : rds); lsn++) { 617 if (got_siginfo) { 618 fprintf(stderr,"%s: writing sector %u of %u (%u%%)\n", 619 fname, lsn, 620 (dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust: rds)), 621 (lsn * 100) / (dir + 622 (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust: rds))); 623 got_siginfo = 0; 624 } 625 x = lsn; 626 if (opt_B && 627 fat == 32 && bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && 628 bss <= bpb.bpbBackup && x >= bpb.bpbBackup) { 629 x -= bpb.bpbBackup; 630 if (!x && lseek(fd1, opt_ofs, SEEK_SET)) 631 err(1, "%s", bname); 632 } 633 if (opt_B && x < bss) { 634 if ((n = read(fd1, img, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) == -1) 635 err(1, "%s", bname); 636 if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) 637 errx(1, "%s: can't read sector %u", bname, x); 638 } else 639 memset(img, 0, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 640 if (!lsn || 641 (fat == 32 && bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && lsn == bpb.bpbBackup)) { 642 x1 = sizeof(struct bs); 643 bsbpb = (struct bsbpb *)(img + x1); 644 mk2(bsbpb->bpbBytesPerSec, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 645 mk1(bsbpb->bpbSecPerClust, bpb.bpbSecPerClust); 646 mk2(bsbpb->bpbResSectors, bpb.bpbResSectors); 647 mk1(bsbpb->bpbFATs, bpb.bpbFATs); 648 mk2(bsbpb->bpbRootDirEnts, bpb.bpbRootDirEnts); 649 mk2(bsbpb->bpbSectors, bpb.bpbSectors); 650 mk1(bsbpb->bpbMedia, bpb.bpbMedia); 651 mk2(bsbpb->bpbFATsecs, bpb.bpbFATsecs); 652 mk2(bsbpb->bpbSecPerTrack, bpb.bpbSecPerTrack); 653 mk2(bsbpb->bpbHeads, bpb.bpbHeads); 654 mk4(bsbpb->bpbHiddenSecs, bpb.bpbHiddenSecs); 655 mk4(bsbpb->bpbHugeSectors, bpb.bpbHugeSectors); 656 x1 += sizeof(struct bsbpb); 657 if (fat == 32) { 658 bsxbpb = (struct bsxbpb *)(img + x1); 659 mk4(bsxbpb->bpbBigFATsecs, bpb.bpbBigFATsecs); 660 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbExtFlags, 0); 661 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbFSVers, 0); 662 mk4(bsxbpb->bpbRootClust, bpb.bpbRootClust); 663 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbFSInfo, bpb.bpbFSInfo); 664 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbBackup, bpb.bpbBackup); 665 x1 += sizeof(struct bsxbpb); 666 } 667 bsx = (struct bsx *)(img + x1); 668 mk1(bsx->exBootSignature, 0x29); 669 if (Iflag) 670 x = opt_I; 671 else 672 x = (((u_int)(1 + tm->tm_mon) << 8 | 673 (u_int)tm->tm_mday) + 674 ((u_int)tm->tm_sec << 8 | 675 (u_int)(tv.tv_usec / 10))) << 16 | 676 ((u_int)(1900 + tm->tm_year) + 677 ((u_int)tm->tm_hour << 8 | 678 (u_int)tm->tm_min)); 679 mk4(bsx->exVolumeID, x); 680 mklabel(bsx->exVolumeLabel, opt_L ? opt_L : "NO_NAME"); 681 sprintf(buf, "FAT%u", fat); 682 setstr(bsx->exFileSysType, buf, sizeof(bsx->exFileSysType)); 683 if (!opt_B) { 684 x1 += sizeof(struct bsx); 685 bs = (struct bs *)img; 686 mk1(bs->bsJump[0], 0xeb); 687 mk1(bs->bsJump[1], x1 - 2); 688 mk1(bs->bsJump[2], 0x90); 689 setstr(bs->bsOemName, opt_O ? opt_O : "BSD4.4 ", 690 sizeof(bs->bsOemName)); 691 memcpy(img + x1, bootcode, sizeof(bootcode)); 692 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC); 693 } 694 } else if (fat == 32 && bpb.bpbFSInfo != MAXU16 && 695 (lsn == bpb.bpbFSInfo || 696 (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && 697 lsn == bpb.bpbBackup + bpb.bpbFSInfo))) { 698 mk4(img, 0x41615252); 699 mk4(img + MINBPS - 28, 0x61417272); 700 mk4(img + MINBPS - 24, 0xffffffff); 701 mk4(img + MINBPS - 20, bpb.bpbRootClust); 702 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC); 703 } else if (lsn >= bpb.bpbResSectors && lsn < dir && 704 !((lsn - bpb.bpbResSectors) % 705 (bpb.bpbFATsecs ? bpb.bpbFATsecs : bpb.bpbBigFATsecs))) { 706 mk1(img[0], bpb.bpbMedia); 707 for (x = 1; x < fat * (fat == 32 ? 3 : 2) / 8; x++) 708 mk1(img[x], fat == 32 && x % 4 == 3 ? 0x0f : 0xff); 709 } else if (lsn == dir && opt_L) { 710 de = (struct de *)img; 711 mklabel(de->deName, opt_L); 712 mk1(de->deAttributes, 050); 713 x = (u_int)tm->tm_hour << 11 | 714 (u_int)tm->tm_min << 5 | 715 (u_int)tm->tm_sec >> 1; 716 mk2(de->deMTime, x); 717 x = (u_int)(tm->tm_year - 80) << 9 | 718 (u_int)(tm->tm_mon + 1) << 5 | 719 (u_int)tm->tm_mday; 720 mk2(de->deMDate, x); 721 } 722 if ((n = write(fd, img, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) == -1) 723 err(1, "%s", fname); 724 if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) 725 errx(1, "%s: can't write sector %u", fname, lsn); 726 } 727 } 728 return 0; 729} 730 731/* 732 * Exit with error if file system is mounted. 733 */ 734static void 735check_mounted(const char *fname, mode_t mode) 736{ 737 struct statfs *mp; 738 const char *s1, *s2; 739 size_t len; 740 int n, r; 741 742 if (!(n = getmntinfo(&mp, MNT_NOWAIT))) 743 err(1, "getmntinfo"); 744 len = strlen(_PATH_DEV); 745 s1 = fname; 746 if (!strncmp(s1, _PATH_DEV, len)) 747 s1 += len; 748 r = S_ISCHR(mode) && s1 != fname && *s1 == 'r'; 749 for (; n--; mp++) { 750 s2 = mp->f_mntfromname; 751 if (!strncmp(s2, _PATH_DEV, len)) 752 s2 += len; 753 if ((r && s2 != mp->f_mntfromname && !strcmp(s1 + 1, s2)) || 754 !strcmp(s1, s2)) 755 errx(1, "%s is mounted on %s", fname, mp->f_mntonname); 756 } 757} 758 759/* 760 * Get a standard format. 761 */ 762static void 763getstdfmt(const char *fmt, struct bpb *bpb) 764{ 765 u_int x, i; 766 767 x = sizeof(stdfmt) / sizeof(stdfmt[0]); 768 for (i = 0; i < x && strcmp(fmt, stdfmt[i].name); i++); 769 if (i == x) 770 errx(1, "%s: unknown standard format", fmt); 771 *bpb = stdfmt[i].bpb; 772} 773 774/* 775 * Get disk slice, partition, and geometry information. 776 */ 777static void 778getdiskinfo(int fd, const char *fname, const char *dtype, __unused int oflag, 779 struct bpb *bpb) 780{ 781 struct disklabel *lp, dlp; 782 struct fd_type type; 783 off_t ms, hs = 0; 784 785 lp = NULL; 786 787 /* If the user specified a disk type, try to use that */ 788 if (dtype != NULL) { 789 lp = getdiskbyname(dtype); 790 } 791 792 /* Maybe it's a floppy drive */ 793 if (lp == NULL) { 794 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGMEDIASIZE, &ms) == -1) { 795 struct stat st; 796 797 if (fstat(fd, &st)) 798 err(1, "Cannot get disk size"); 799 /* create a fake geometry for a file image */ 800 ms = st.st_size; 801 dlp.d_secsize = 512; 802 dlp.d_nsectors = 63; 803 dlp.d_ntracks = 255; 804 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize; 805 lp = &dlp; 806 } else if (ioctl(fd, FD_GTYPE, &type) != -1) { 807 dlp.d_secsize = 128 << type.secsize; 808 dlp.d_nsectors = type.sectrac; 809 dlp.d_ntracks = type.heads; 810 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize; 811 lp = &dlp; 812 } 813 } 814 815 /* Maybe it's a fixed drive */ 816 if (lp == NULL) { 817 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec) 818 dlp.d_secsize = bpb->bpbBytesPerSec; 819 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGDINFO, &dlp) == -1) { 820 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGSECTORSIZE, &dlp.d_secsize) == -1) 821 errx(1, "Cannot get sector size, %s", strerror(errno)); 822 823 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize; 824 825 if (bpb->bpbSecPerTrack == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGFWSECTORS, &dlp.d_nsectors) == -1) { 826 warnx("Cannot get number of sectors per track, %s", strerror(errno)); 827 dlp.d_nsectors = 63; 828 } 829 if (bpb->bpbHeads == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGFWHEADS, &dlp.d_ntracks) == -1) { 830 warnx("Cannot get number of heads, %s", strerror(errno)); 831 if (dlp.d_secperunit <= 63*1*1024) 832 dlp.d_ntracks = 1; 833 else if (dlp.d_secperunit <= 63*16*1024) 834 dlp.d_ntracks = 16; 835 else 836 dlp.d_ntracks = 255; 837 } 838 } 839 840 hs = (ms / dlp.d_secsize) - dlp.d_secperunit; 841 lp = &dlp; 842 } 843 844 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec == 0) 845 bpb->bpbBytesPerSec = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_secsize, "bytes/sector"); 846 if (bpb->bpbSecPerTrack == 0) 847 bpb->bpbSecPerTrack = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_nsectors, "sectors/track"); 848 if (bpb->bpbHeads == 0) 849 bpb->bpbHeads = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_ntracks, "drive heads"); 850 if (bpb->bpbHugeSectors == 0) 851 bpb->bpbHugeSectors = lp->d_secperunit; 852 if (bpb->bpbHiddenSecs == 0) 853 bpb->bpbHiddenSecs = hs; 854} 855 856/* 857 * Print out BPB values. 858 */ 859static void 860print_bpb(struct bpb *bpb) 861{ 862 printf("BytesPerSec=%u SecPerClust=%u ResSectors=%u FATs=%u", bpb->bpbBytesPerSec, bpb->bpbSecPerClust, bpb->bpbResSectors, 863 bpb->bpbFATs); 864 if (bpb->bpbRootDirEnts) 865 printf(" RootDirEnts=%u", bpb->bpbRootDirEnts); 866 if (bpb->bpbSectors) 867 printf(" Sectors=%u", bpb->bpbSectors); 868 printf(" Media=%#x", bpb->bpbMedia); 869 if (bpb->bpbFATsecs) 870 printf(" FATsecs=%u", bpb->bpbFATsecs); 871 printf(" SecPerTrack=%u Heads=%u HiddenSecs=%u", bpb->bpbSecPerTrack, bpb->bpbHeads, bpb->bpbHiddenSecs); 872 if (bpb->bpbHugeSectors) 873 printf(" HugeSectors=%u", bpb->bpbHugeSectors); 874 if (!bpb->bpbFATsecs) { 875 printf(" FATsecs=%u RootCluster=%u", bpb->bpbBigFATsecs, bpb->bpbRootClust); 876 printf(" FSInfo="); 877 printf(bpb->bpbFSInfo == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bpbFSInfo); 878 printf(" Backup="); 879 printf(bpb->bpbBackup == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bpbBackup); 880 } 881 printf("\n"); 882} 883 884/* 885 * Check a disk geometry value. 886 */ 887static u_int 888ckgeom(const char *fname, u_int val, const char *msg) 889{ 890 if (!val) 891 errx(1, "%s: no default %s", fname, msg); 892 if (val > MAXU16) 893 errx(1, "%s: illegal %s %d", fname, msg, val); 894 return val; 895} 896 897/* 898 * Convert and check a numeric option argument. 899 */ 900static u_int 901argtou(const char *arg, u_int lo, u_int hi, const char *msg) 902{ 903 char *s; 904 u_long x; 905 906 errno = 0; 907 x = strtoul(arg, &s, 0); 908 if (errno || !*arg || *s || x < lo || x > hi) 909 errx(1, "%s: bad %s", arg, msg); 910 return x; 911} 912 913/* 914 * Same for off_t, with optional skmgpP suffix 915 */ 916static off_t 917argtooff(const char *arg, const char *msg) 918{ 919 char *s; 920 off_t x; 921 922 x = strtoll(arg, &s, 0); 923 /* allow at most one extra char */ 924 if (errno || x < 0 || (s[0] && s[1]) ) 925 errx(1, "%s: bad %s", arg, msg); 926 if (*s) { /* the extra char is the multiplier */ 927 switch (*s) { 928 default: 929 errx(1, "%s: bad %s", arg, msg); 930 /* notreached */ 931 932 case 's': /* sector */ 933 case 'S': 934 x <<= 9; /* times 512 */ 935 break; 936 937 case 'k': /* kilobyte */ 938 case 'K': 939 x <<= 10; /* times 1024 */ 940 break; 941 942 case 'm': /* megabyte */ 943 case 'M': 944 x <<= 20; /* times 1024*1024 */ 945 break; 946 947 case 'g': /* gigabyte */ 948 case 'G': 949 x <<= 30; /* times 1024*1024*1024 */ 950 break; 951 952 case 'p': /* partition start */ 953 case 'P': /* partition start */ 954 case 'l': /* partition length */ 955 case 'L': /* partition length */ 956 errx(1, "%s: not supported yet %s", arg, msg); 957 /* notreached */ 958 } 959 } 960 return x; 961} 962 963/* 964 * Check a volume label. 965 */ 966static int 967oklabel(const char *src) 968{ 969 int c, i; 970 971 for (i = 0; i <= 11; i++) { 972 c = (u_char)*src++; 973 if (c < ' ' + !i || strchr("\"*+,./:;<=>?[\\]|", c)) 974 break; 975 } 976 return i && !c; 977} 978 979/* 980 * Make a volume label. 981 */ 982static void 983mklabel(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src) 984{ 985 int c, i; 986 987 for (i = 0; i < 11; i++) { 988 c = *src ? toupper(*src++) : ' '; 989 *dest++ = !i && c == '\xe5' ? 5 : c; 990 } 991} 992 993/* 994 * Copy string, padding with spaces. 995 */ 996static void 997setstr(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src, size_t len) 998{ 999 while (len--) 1000 *dest++ = *src ? *src++ : ' '; 1001} 1002 1003/* 1004 * Print usage message. 1005 */ 1006static void 1007usage(void) 1008{ 1009 fprintf(stderr, 1010 "usage: newfs_msdos [ -options ] special [disktype]\n" 1011 "where the options are:\n" 1012 "\t-@ create file system at specified offset\n" 1013 "\t-B get bootstrap from file\n" 1014 "\t-C create image file with specified size\n" 1015 "\t-F FAT type (12, 16, or 32)\n" 1016 "\t-I volume ID\n" 1017 "\t-L volume label\n" 1018 "\t-N don't create file system: just print out parameters\n" 1019 "\t-O OEM string\n" 1020 "\t-S bytes/sector\n" 1021 "\t-a sectors/FAT\n" 1022 "\t-b block size\n" 1023 "\t-c sectors/cluster\n" 1024 "\t-e root directory entries\n" 1025 "\t-f standard format\n" 1026 "\t-h drive heads\n" 1027 "\t-i file system info sector\n" 1028 "\t-k backup boot sector\n" 1029 "\t-m media descriptor\n" 1030 "\t-n number of FATs\n" 1031 "\t-o hidden sectors\n" 1032 "\t-r reserved sectors\n" 1033 "\t-s file system size (sectors)\n" 1034 "\t-u sectors/track\n"); 1035 exit(1); 1036} 1037 1038static void 1039infohandler(int sig __unused) 1040{ 1041 1042 got_siginfo = 1; 1043} 1044