xref: /freebsd-10.0-release/sbin/newfs/newfs.c

/*
 * Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994
 *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
 *    must display the following acknowledgement:
 *	This product includes software developed by the University of
 *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
 *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
 *    without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

#ifndef lint
static const char copyright[] =
"@(#) Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994\n\
	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
#endif /* not lint */

#ifndef lint
#if 0
static char sccsid[] = "@(#)newfs.c	8.13 (Berkeley) 5/1/95";
#endif
static const char rcsid[] =
  "$FreeBSD: head/sbin/newfs/newfs.c 92711 2002-03-19 17:20:02Z iedowse $";
#endif /* not lint */

/*
 * newfs: friendly front end to mkfs
 */
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/disklabel.h>
#include <sys/file.h>
#include <sys/mount.h>

#include <ufs/ufs/dir.h>
#include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h>
#include <ufs/ffs/fs.h>
#include <ufs/ufs/ufsmount.h>

#include <ctype.h>
#include <err.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <paths.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <syslog.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#include <stdarg.h>

void	fatal(const char *fmt, ...) __printflike(1, 2);

#define	COMPAT			/* allow non-labeled disks */

/*
 * The following two constants set the default block and fragment sizes.
 * Both constants must be a power of 2 and meet the following constraints:
 *	MINBSIZE <= DESBLKSIZE <= MAXBSIZE
 *	sectorsize <= DESFRAGSIZE <= DESBLKSIZE
 *	DESBLKSIZE / DESFRAGSIZE <= 8
 */
#define	DFL_FRAGSIZE	2048
#define	DFL_BLKSIZE	16384

/*
 * Cylinder groups may have up to many cylinders. The actual
 * number used depends upon how much information can be stored
 * on a single cylinder. The default is to use as many as possible
 * cylinders per group.
 */
#define	DESCPG		65536	/* desired fs_cpg ("infinity") */

/*
 * Once upon a time...
 *    ROTDELAY gives the minimum number of milliseconds to initiate
 *    another disk transfer on the same cylinder. It is used in
 *    determining the rotationally optimal layout for disk blocks
 *    within a file; the default of fs_rotdelay is 4ms.
 *
 * ...but now we make this 0 to disable the rotdelay delay because
 * modern drives with read/write-behind achieve higher performance
 * without the delay.
 */
#define ROTDELAY	0

/*
 * MAXBLKPG determines the maximum number of data blocks which are
 * placed in a single cylinder group. The default is one indirect
 * block worth of data blocks.
 */
#define MAXBLKPG(bsize)	((bsize) / sizeof(daddr_t))

/*
 * Each file system has a number of inodes statically allocated.
 * We allocate one inode slot per NFPI fragments, expecting this
 * to be far more than we will ever need.
 */
#define	NFPI		4

/*
 * Once upon a time...
 *    For each cylinder we keep track of the availability of blocks at different
 *    rotational positions, so that we can lay out the data to be picked
 *    up with minimum rotational latency.  NRPOS is the default number of
 *    rotational positions that we distinguish.  With NRPOS of 8 the resolution
 *    of our summary information is 2ms for a typical 3600 rpm drive.
 *
 * ...but now we make this 1 (which essentially disables the rotational
 * position table because modern drives with read-ahead and write-behind do
 * better without the rotational position table.
 */
#define	NRPOS		1	/* number distinct rotational positions */

/*
 * About the same time as the above, we knew what went where on the disks.
 * no longer so, so kill the code which finds the different platters too...
 * We do this by saying one head, with a lot of sectors on it.
 * The number of sectors are used to determine the size of a cyl-group.
 * Kirk suggested one or two meg per "cylinder" so we say two.
 */
#define NTRACKS		1	/* number of heads */
#define NSECTORS	4096	/* number of sectors */

int	Nflag;			/* run without writing file system */
int	Oflag;			/* format as an 4.3BSD file system */
int	Uflag;			/* enable soft updates for file system */
int	fssize;			/* file system size */
int	ntracks = NTRACKS;	/* # tracks/cylinder */
int	nsectors = NSECTORS;	/* # sectors/track */
int	nphyssectors;		/* # sectors/track including spares */
int	secpercyl;		/* sectors per cylinder */
int	trackspares = -1;	/* spare sectors per track */
int	cylspares = -1;		/* spare sectors per cylinder */
int	sectorsize;		/* bytes/sector */
int	realsectorsize;		/* bytes/sector in hardware */
int	rpm;			/* revolutions/minute of drive */
int	interleave;		/* hardware sector interleave */
int	trackskew = -1;		/* sector 0 skew, per track */
int	headswitch;		/* head switch time, usec */
int	trackseek;		/* track-to-track seek, usec */
int	fsize = 0;		/* fragment size */
int	bsize = 0;		/* block size */
int	cpg = DESCPG;		/* cylinders/cylinder group */
int	cpgflg;			/* cylinders/cylinder group flag was given */
int	minfree = MINFREE;	/* free space threshold */
int	opt = DEFAULTOPT;	/* optimization preference (space or time) */
int	density;		/* number of bytes per inode */
int	maxcontig = 0;		/* max contiguous blocks to allocate */
int	rotdelay = ROTDELAY;	/* rotational delay between blocks */
int	maxbpg;			/* maximum blocks per file in a cyl group */
int	nrpos = NRPOS;		/* # of distinguished rotational positions */
int	avgfilesize = AVFILESIZ;/* expected average file size */
int	avgfilesperdir = AFPDIR;/* expected number of files per directory */
int	bbsize = BBSIZE;	/* boot block size */
int	sbsize = SBSIZE;	/* superblock size */
int	t_or_u_flag = 0;	/* user has specified -t or -u */
#ifdef COMPAT
char	*disktype;
int	unlabeled;
#endif

char	device[MAXPATHLEN];
char	*progname;

extern void mkfs (struct partition *, char *, int, int);
static void rewritelabel (char *s, int fd, register struct disklabel *lp);
static void usage (void);

int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	struct partition *pp;
	struct disklabel *lp;
	struct disklabel *getdisklabel();
	struct partition oldpartition;
	struct stat st;
	struct statfs *mp;
	char *cp, *s1, *s2, *special, *opstring;
	int ch, fsi, fso, len, n, vflag;

	vflag = 0;
	if ((progname = strrchr(*argv, '/')))
		++progname;
	else
		progname = *argv;

	opstring = "NOS:T:Ua:b:c:d:e:f:g:h:i:k:l:m:n:o:p:r:s:t:u:vx:";
	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, opstring)) != -1)
		switch (ch) {
		case 'N':
			Nflag = 1;
			break;
		case 'O':
			Oflag = 1;
			break;
		case 'S':
			if ((sectorsize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
				fatal("%s: bad sector size", optarg);
			break;
#ifdef COMPAT
		case 'T':
			disktype = optarg;
			break;
#endif
		case 'U':
			Uflag = 1;
			break;
		case 'a':
			if ((maxcontig = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
				fatal("%s: bad maximum contiguous blocks",
				    optarg);
			break;
		case 'b':
			if ((bsize = atoi(optarg)) < MINBSIZE)
				fatal("%s: bad block size", optarg);
			break;
		case 'c':
			if ((cpg = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
				fatal("%s: bad cylinders/group", optarg);
			cpgflg++;
			break;
		case 'd':
			if ((rotdelay = atoi(optarg)) < 0)
				fatal("%s: bad rotational delay", optarg);
			break;
		case 'e':
			if ((maxbpg = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
		fatal("%s: bad blocks per file in a cylinder group",
				    optarg);
			break;
		case 'f':
			if ((fsize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
				fatal("%s: bad fragment size", optarg);
			break;
		case 'g':
			if ((avgfilesize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
				fatal("%s: bad average file size", optarg);
			break;
		case 'h':
			if ((avgfilesperdir = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
				fatal("%s: bad average files per dir", optarg);
			break;
		case 'i':
			if ((density = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
				fatal("%s: bad bytes per inode", optarg);
			break;
		case 'k':
			if ((trackskew = atoi(optarg)) < 0)
				fatal("%s: bad track skew", optarg);
			break;
		case 'l':
			if ((interleave = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
				fatal("%s: bad interleave", optarg);
			break;
		case 'm':
			if ((minfree = atoi(optarg)) < 0 || minfree > 99)
				fatal("%s: bad free space %%", optarg);
			break;
		case 'n':
			if ((nrpos = atoi(optarg)) < 0)
				fatal("%s: bad rotational layout count",
				    optarg);
			if (nrpos == 0)
				nrpos = 1;
			break;
		case 'o':
			if (strcmp(optarg, "space") == 0)
				opt = FS_OPTSPACE;
			else if (strcmp(optarg, "time") == 0)
				opt = FS_OPTTIME;
			else
				fatal(
		"%s: unknown optimization preference: use `space' or `time'",
				    optarg);
			break;
		case 'p':
			if ((trackspares = atoi(optarg)) < 0)
				fatal("%s: bad spare sectors per track",
				    optarg);
			break;
		case 'r':
			if ((rpm = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
				fatal("%s: bad revolutions/minute", optarg);
			break;
		case 's':
			if ((fssize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
				fatal("%s: bad file system size", optarg);
			break;
		case 't':
			t_or_u_flag++;
			if ((ntracks = atoi(optarg)) < 0)
				fatal("%s: bad total tracks", optarg);
			break;
		case 'u':
			t_or_u_flag++;
			if ((nsectors = atoi(optarg)) < 0)
				fatal("%s: bad sectors/track", optarg);
			break;
		case 'v':
			vflag = 1;
			break;
		case 'x':
			if ((cylspares = atoi(optarg)) < 0)
				fatal("%s: bad spare sectors per cylinder",
				    optarg);
			break;
		case '?':
		default:
			usage();
		}
	argc -= optind;
	argv += optind;

	if (argc != 2 && argc != 1)
		usage();

	special = argv[0];
	cp = strrchr(special, '/');
	if (cp == 0) {
		/*
		 * No path prefix; try prefixing _PATH_DEV.
		 */
		snprintf(device, sizeof(device), "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, special);
		special = device;
	}
	if (Nflag)
		fso = -1;
	else {
		fso = open(special, O_WRONLY);
		if (fso < 0)
			fatal("%s: %s", special, strerror(errno));

		/* Bail if target special is mounted */
		n = getmntinfo(&mp, MNT_NOWAIT);
		if (n == 0)
			fatal("%s: getmntinfo: %s", special, strerror(errno));

		len = sizeof(_PATH_DEV) - 1;
		s1 = special;
		if (strncmp(_PATH_DEV, s1, len) == 0)
			s1 += len;

		while (--n >= 0) {
			s2 = mp->f_mntfromname;
			if (strncmp(_PATH_DEV, s2, len) == 0) {
				s2 += len - 1;
				*s2 = 'r';
			}
			if (strcmp(s1, s2) == 0 || strcmp(s1, &s2[1]) == 0)
				fatal("%s is mounted on %s",
				    special, mp->f_mntonname);
			++mp;
		}
	}
	fsi = open(special, O_RDONLY);
	if (fsi < 0)
		fatal("%s: %s", special, strerror(errno));
	if (fstat(fsi, &st) < 0)
		fatal("%s: %s", special, strerror(errno));
	if ((st.st_mode & S_IFMT) != S_IFCHR)
		printf("%s: %s: not a character-special device\n",
		    progname, special);
	cp = strchr(argv[0], '\0');
	if (cp == argv[0])
		fatal("null special file name");
	cp--;
	if (!vflag && (*cp < 'a' || *cp > 'h') && !isdigit(*cp))
		fatal("%s: can't figure out file system partition",
		    argv[0]);
#ifdef COMPAT
	if (disktype == NULL)
		disktype = argv[1];
#endif
	lp = getdisklabel(special, fsi);
	if (vflag || isdigit(*cp))
		pp = &lp->d_partitions[0];
	else
		pp = &lp->d_partitions[*cp - 'a'];
	if (pp->p_size == 0)
		fatal("%s: `%c' partition is unavailable",
		    argv[0], *cp);
	if (pp->p_fstype == FS_BOOT)
		fatal("%s: `%c' partition overlaps boot program",
		    argv[0], *cp);
	if (fssize == 0)
		fssize = pp->p_size;
	if (fssize > pp->p_size)
		fatal(
		    "%s: maximum file system size on the `%c' partition is %d",
		    argv[0], *cp, pp->p_size);
	if (rpm == 0) {
		rpm = lp->d_rpm;
		if (rpm <= 0)
			rpm = 3600;
	}
	if (ntracks == 0) {
		ntracks = lp->d_ntracks;
		if (ntracks <= 0)
			fatal("%s: no default #tracks", argv[0]);
	}
	if (nsectors == 0) {
		nsectors = lp->d_nsectors;
		if (nsectors <= 0)
			fatal("%s: no default #sectors/track", argv[0]);
	}
	if (sectorsize == 0) {
		sectorsize = lp->d_secsize;
		if (sectorsize <= 0)
			fatal("%s: no default sector size", argv[0]);
	}
	if (trackskew == -1) {
		trackskew = lp->d_trackskew;
		if (trackskew < 0)
			trackskew = 0;
	}
	if (interleave == 0) {
		interleave = lp->d_interleave;
		if (interleave <= 0)
			interleave = 1;
	}
	if (fsize == 0) {
		fsize = pp->p_fsize;
		if (fsize <= 0)
			fsize = MAX(DFL_FRAGSIZE, lp->d_secsize);
	}
	if (bsize == 0) {
		bsize = pp->p_frag * pp->p_fsize;
		if (bsize <= 0)
			bsize = MIN(DFL_BLKSIZE, 8 * fsize);
	}
	/*
	 * Maxcontig sets the default for the maximum number of blocks
	 * that may be allocated sequentially. With filesystem clustering
	 * it is possible to allocate contiguous blocks up to the maximum
	 * transfer size permitted by the controller or buffering.
	 */
	if (maxcontig == 0)
		maxcontig = MAX(1, MAXPHYS / bsize - 1);
	if (density == 0)
		density = NFPI * fsize;
	if (minfree < MINFREE && opt != FS_OPTSPACE) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Warning: changing optimization to space ");
		fprintf(stderr, "because minfree is less than %d%%\n", MINFREE);
		opt = FS_OPTSPACE;
	}
	if (trackspares == -1) {
		trackspares = lp->d_sparespertrack;
		if (trackspares < 0)
			trackspares = 0;
	}
	nphyssectors = nsectors + trackspares;
	if (cylspares == -1) {
		cylspares = lp->d_sparespercyl;
		if (cylspares < 0)
			cylspares = 0;
	}
	secpercyl = nsectors * ntracks - cylspares;
	/*
	 * Only complain if -t or -u have been specified; the default
	 * case (4096 sectors per cylinder) is intended to disagree
	 * with the disklabel.
	 */
	if (t_or_u_flag && secpercyl != lp->d_secpercyl)
		fprintf(stderr, "%s (%d) %s (%lu)\n",
		    "Warning: calculated sectors per cylinder", secpercyl,
		    "disagrees with disk label", (u_long)lp->d_secpercyl);
	if (maxbpg == 0)
		maxbpg = MAXBLKPG(bsize);
	headswitch = lp->d_headswitch;
	trackseek = lp->d_trkseek;
#ifdef notdef /* label may be 0 if faked up by kernel */
	bbsize = lp->d_bbsize;
	sbsize = lp->d_sbsize;
#endif
	oldpartition = *pp;
	realsectorsize = sectorsize;
	if (sectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) {		/* XXX */
		int secperblk = sectorsize / DEV_BSIZE;

		sectorsize = DEV_BSIZE;
		nsectors *= secperblk;
		nphyssectors *= secperblk;
		secpercyl *= secperblk;
		fssize *= secperblk;
		pp->p_size *= secperblk;
	}
	mkfs(pp, special, fsi, fso);
	if (realsectorsize != DEV_BSIZE)
		pp->p_size /= realsectorsize /DEV_BSIZE;
	if (!Nflag && bcmp(pp, &oldpartition, sizeof(oldpartition)))
		rewritelabel(special, fso, lp);
	if (!Nflag)
		close(fso);
	close(fsi);
	exit(0);
}

#ifdef COMPAT
const char lmsg[] = "%s: can't read disk label; disk type must be specified";
#else
const char lmsg[] = "%s: can't read disk label";
#endif

struct disklabel *
getdisklabel(char *s, int fd)
{
	static struct disklabel lab;

	if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGDINFO, (char *)&lab) < 0) {
#ifdef COMPAT
		if (disktype) {
			struct disklabel *lp, *getdiskbyname();

			unlabeled++;
			lp = getdiskbyname(disktype);
			if (lp == NULL)
				fatal("%s: unknown disk type", disktype);
			return (lp);
		}
#endif
		warn("ioctl (GDINFO)");
		fatal(lmsg, s);
	}
	return (&lab);
}

void
rewritelabel(char *s, int fd, struct disklabel *lp)
{
#ifdef COMPAT
	if (unlabeled)
		return;
#endif
	lp->d_checksum = 0;
	lp->d_checksum = dkcksum(lp);
	if (ioctl(fd, DIOCWDINFO, (char *)lp) < 0) {
		warn("ioctl (WDINFO)");
		fatal("%s: can't rewrite disk label", s);
	}
}

/*VARARGS*/
void
fatal(const char *fmt, ...)
{
	va_list ap;

	va_start(ap, fmt);
	if (fcntl(STDERR_FILENO, F_GETFL) < 0) {
		openlog(progname, LOG_CONS, LOG_DAEMON);
		vsyslog(LOG_ERR, fmt, ap);
		closelog();
	} else
		vwarnx(fmt, ap);
	va_end(ap);
	exit(1);
	/*NOTREACHED*/
}

static void
usage()
{
	fprintf(stderr,
	    "usage: %s [ -fsoptions ] special-device%s\n",
	    progname,
#ifdef COMPAT
	    " [device-type]");
#else
	    "");
#endif
	fprintf(stderr, "where fsoptions are:\n");
	fprintf(stderr,
	    "\t-N do not create file system, just print out parameters\n");
	fprintf(stderr, "\t-O create a 4.3BSD format filesystem\n");
	fprintf(stderr, "\t-S sector size\n");
#ifdef COMPAT
	fprintf(stderr, "\t-T disktype\n");
#endif
	fprintf(stderr, "\t-U enable soft updates\n");
	fprintf(stderr, "\t-a maximum contiguous blocks\n");
	fprintf(stderr, "\t-b block size\n");
	fprintf(stderr, "\t-c cylinders/group\n");
	fprintf(stderr, "\t-d rotational delay between contiguous blocks\n");
	fprintf(stderr, "\t-e maximum blocks per file in a cylinder group\n");
	fprintf(stderr, "\t-f frag size\n");
	fprintf(stderr, "\t-g average file size\n");
	fprintf(stderr, "\t-h average files per directory\n");
	fprintf(stderr, "\t-i number of bytes per inode\n");
	fprintf(stderr, "\t-k sector 0 skew, per track\n");
	fprintf(stderr, "\t-l hardware sector interleave\n");
	fprintf(stderr, "\t-m minimum free space %%\n");
	fprintf(stderr, "\t-n number of distinguished rotational positions\n");
	fprintf(stderr, "\t-o optimization preference (`space' or `time')\n");
	fprintf(stderr, "\t-p spare sectors per track\n");
	fprintf(stderr, "\t-s file system size (sectors)\n");
	fprintf(stderr, "\t-r revolutions/minute\n");
	fprintf(stderr, "\t-t tracks/cylinder\n");
	fprintf(stderr, "\t-u sectors/track\n");
	fprintf(stderr,
        "\t-v do not attempt to determine partition name from device name\n");
	fprintf(stderr, "\t-x spare sectors per cylinder\n");
	exit(1);
}