newfs.c revision 77420
1230479Snetchild/* 2230479Snetchild * Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994 3230479Snetchild * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 4230479Snetchild * 5230479Snetchild * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 6230479Snetchild * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 7230479Snetchild * are met: 8230479Snetchild * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 9230479Snetchild * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 10230479Snetchild * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 11230479Snetchild * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 12230479Snetchild * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 13230479Snetchild * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 14230479Snetchild * must display the following acknowledgement: 15230479Snetchild * This product includes software developed by the University of 16230479Snetchild * California, Berkeley and its contributors. 17230479Snetchild * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 18230479Snetchild * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 19230479Snetchild * without specific prior written permission. 20230479Snetchild * 21230479Snetchild * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 22 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 23 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 24 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 25 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 26 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 27 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 28 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 29 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 30 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 31 * SUCH DAMAGE. 32 */ 33 34#ifndef lint 35static const char copyright[] = 36"@(#) Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994\n\ 37 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n"; 38#endif /* not lint */ 39 40#ifndef lint 41#if 0 42static char sccsid[] = "@(#)newfs.c 8.13 (Berkeley) 5/1/95"; 43#endif 44static const char rcsid[] = 45 "$FreeBSD: head/sbin/newfs/newfs.c 77420 2001-05-29 19:40:39Z phk $"; 46#endif /* not lint */ 47 48/* 49 * newfs: friendly front end to mkfs 50 */ 51#include <sys/param.h> 52#include <sys/stat.h> 53#include <sys/disklabel.h> 54#include <sys/file.h> 55#include <sys/mount.h> 56 57#include <ufs/ufs/dir.h> 58#include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h> 59#include <ufs/ffs/fs.h> 60#include <ufs/ufs/ufsmount.h> 61 62#include <ctype.h> 63#include <err.h> 64#include <errno.h> 65#include <paths.h> 66#include <stdio.h> 67#include <stdlib.h> 68#include <string.h> 69#include <syslog.h> 70#include <unistd.h> 71 72#if __STDC__ 73#include <stdarg.h> 74#else 75#include <varargs.h> 76#endif 77 78#include "mntopts.h" 79 80struct mntopt mopts[] = { 81 MOPT_STDOPTS, 82 MOPT_ASYNC, 83 { NULL }, 84}; 85 86#if __STDC__ 87void fatal(const char *fmt, ...); 88#else 89void fatal(); 90#endif 91 92#define COMPAT /* allow non-labeled disks */ 93 94/* 95 * The following two constants set the default block and fragment sizes. 96 * Both constants must be a power of 2 and meet the following constraints: 97 * MINBSIZE <= DESBLKSIZE <= MAXBSIZE 98 * sectorsize <= DESFRAGSIZE <= DESBLKSIZE 99 * DESBLKSIZE / DESFRAGSIZE <= 8 100 */ 101#define DFL_FRAGSIZE 1024 102#define DFL_BLKSIZE 8192 103 104/* 105 * Cylinder groups may have up to many cylinders. The actual 106 * number used depends upon how much information can be stored 107 * on a single cylinder. The default is to use 22 cylinders 108 * per group, which seems to be the largest value allowed given 109 * all the other default values. 110 */ 111#define DESCPG 22 /* desired fs_cpg */ 112 113/* 114 * Once upon a time... 115 * ROTDELAY gives the minimum number of milliseconds to initiate 116 * another disk transfer on the same cylinder. It is used in 117 * determining the rotationally optimal layout for disk blocks 118 * within a file; the default of fs_rotdelay is 4ms. 119 * 120 * ...but now we make this 0 to disable the rotdelay delay because 121 * modern drives with read/write-behind achieve higher performance 122 * without the delay. 123 */ 124#define ROTDELAY 0 125 126/* 127 * MAXBLKPG determines the maximum number of data blocks which are 128 * placed in a single cylinder group. The default is one indirect 129 * block worth of data blocks. 130 */ 131#define MAXBLKPG(bsize) ((bsize) / sizeof(daddr_t)) 132 133/* 134 * Each file system has a number of inodes statically allocated. 135 * We allocate one inode slot per NFPI fragments, expecting this 136 * to be far more than we will ever need. 137 */ 138#define NFPI 4 139 140/* 141 * Once upon a time... 142 * For each cylinder we keep track of the availability of blocks at different 143 * rotational positions, so that we can lay out the data to be picked 144 * up with minimum rotational latency. NRPOS is the default number of 145 * rotational positions that we distinguish. With NRPOS of 8 the resolution 146 * of our summary information is 2ms for a typical 3600 rpm drive. 147 * 148 * ...but now we make this 1 (which essentially disables the rotational 149 * position table because modern drives with read-ahead and write-behind do 150 * better without the rotational position table. 151 */ 152#define NRPOS 1 /* number distinct rotational positions */ 153 154/* 155 * About the same time as the above, we knew what went where on the disks. 156 * no longer so, so kill the code which finds the different platters too... 157 * We do this by saying one head, with a lot of sectors on it. 158 * The number of sectors are used to determine the size of a cyl-group. 159 * Kirk suggested one or two meg per "cylinder" so we say two. 160 */ 161#define NTRACKS 1 /* number of heads */ 162#define NSECTORS 4096 /* number of sectors */ 163 164int Nflag; /* run without writing file system */ 165int Oflag; /* format as an 4.3BSD file system */ 166int Uflag; /* enable soft updates for file system */ 167int fssize; /* file system size */ 168int ntracks = NTRACKS; /* # tracks/cylinder */ 169int nsectors = NSECTORS; /* # sectors/track */ 170int nphyssectors; /* # sectors/track including spares */ 171int secpercyl; /* sectors per cylinder */ 172int trackspares = -1; /* spare sectors per track */ 173int cylspares = -1; /* spare sectors per cylinder */ 174int sectorsize; /* bytes/sector */ 175int realsectorsize; /* bytes/sector in hardware */ 176int rpm; /* revolutions/minute of drive */ 177int interleave; /* hardware sector interleave */ 178int trackskew = -1; /* sector 0 skew, per track */ 179int headswitch; /* head switch time, usec */ 180int trackseek; /* track-to-track seek, usec */ 181int fsize = 0; /* fragment size */ 182int bsize = 0; /* block size */ 183int cpg = DESCPG; /* cylinders/cylinder group */ 184int cpgflg; /* cylinders/cylinder group flag was given */ 185int minfree = MINFREE; /* free space threshold */ 186int opt = DEFAULTOPT; /* optimization preference (space or time) */ 187int density; /* number of bytes per inode */ 188int maxcontig = 0; /* max contiguous blocks to allocate */ 189int rotdelay = ROTDELAY; /* rotational delay between blocks */ 190int maxbpg; /* maximum blocks per file in a cyl group */ 191int nrpos = NRPOS; /* # of distinguished rotational positions */ 192int avgfilesize = AVFILESIZ;/* expected average file size */ 193int avgfilesperdir = AFPDIR;/* expected number of files per directory */ 194int bbsize = BBSIZE; /* boot block size */ 195int sbsize = SBSIZE; /* superblock size */ 196int mntflags = MNT_ASYNC; /* flags to be passed to mount */ 197int t_or_u_flag = 0; /* user has specified -t or -u */ 198u_long memleft; /* virtual memory available */ 199caddr_t membase; /* start address of memory based filesystem */ 200char *filename; 201#ifdef COMPAT 202char *disktype; 203int unlabeled; 204#endif 205 206char device[MAXPATHLEN]; 207char *progname; 208 209extern void mkfs __P((struct partition *, char *, int, int)); 210static void usage __P((void)); 211static void rewritelabel __P((char *s, int fd, register struct disklabel *lp)); 212 213int 214main(argc, argv) 215 int argc; 216 char *argv[]; 217{ 218 register int ch; 219 register struct partition *pp; 220 register struct disklabel *lp; 221 struct disklabel *getdisklabel(); 222 struct partition oldpartition; 223 struct stat st; 224 struct statfs *mp; 225 int fsi, fso, len, n, vflag; 226 char *cp, *s1, *s2, *special, *opstring; 227 228 vflag = 0; 229 if ((progname = strrchr(*argv, '/'))) 230 ++progname; 231 else 232 progname = *argv; 233 234 opstring = "NOS:T:Ua:b:c:d:e:f:g:h:i:k:l:m:n:o:p:r:s:t:u:vx:"; 235 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, opstring)) != -1) 236 switch (ch) { 237 case 'N': 238 Nflag = 1; 239 break; 240 case 'O': 241 Oflag = 1; 242 break; 243 case 'S': 244 if ((sectorsize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 245 fatal("%s: bad sector size", optarg); 246 break; 247#ifdef COMPAT 248 case 'T': 249 disktype = optarg; 250 break; 251#endif 252 case 'F': 253 filename = optarg; 254 break; 255 case 'U': 256 Uflag = 1; 257 break; 258 case 'a': 259 if ((maxcontig = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 260 fatal("%s: bad maximum contiguous blocks", 261 optarg); 262 break; 263 case 'b': 264 if ((bsize = atoi(optarg)) < MINBSIZE) 265 fatal("%s: bad block size", optarg); 266 break; 267 case 'c': 268 if ((cpg = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 269 fatal("%s: bad cylinders/group", optarg); 270 cpgflg++; 271 break; 272 case 'd': 273 if ((rotdelay = atoi(optarg)) < 0) 274 fatal("%s: bad rotational delay", optarg); 275 break; 276 case 'e': 277 if ((maxbpg = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 278 fatal("%s: bad blocks per file in a cylinder group", 279 optarg); 280 break; 281 case 'f': 282 if ((fsize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 283 fatal("%s: bad fragment size", optarg); 284 break; 285 case 'g': 286 if ((avgfilesize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 287 fatal("%s: bad average file size", optarg); 288 break; 289 case 'h': 290 if ((avgfilesperdir = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 291 fatal("%s: bad average files per dir", optarg); 292 break; 293 case 'i': 294 if ((density = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 295 fatal("%s: bad bytes per inode", optarg); 296 break; 297 case 'k': 298 if ((trackskew = atoi(optarg)) < 0) 299 fatal("%s: bad track skew", optarg); 300 break; 301 case 'l': 302 if ((interleave = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 303 fatal("%s: bad interleave", optarg); 304 break; 305 case 'm': 306 if ((minfree = atoi(optarg)) < 0 || minfree > 99) 307 fatal("%s: bad free space %%", optarg); 308 break; 309 case 'n': 310 if ((nrpos = atoi(optarg)) < 0) 311 fatal("%s: bad rotational layout count", 312 optarg); 313 if (nrpos == 0) 314 nrpos = 1; 315 break; 316 case 'o': 317 if (strcmp(optarg, "space") == 0) 318 opt = FS_OPTSPACE; 319 else if (strcmp(optarg, "time") == 0) 320 opt = FS_OPTTIME; 321 else 322 fatal("%s: unknown optimization preference: use `space' or `time'", optarg); 323 break; 324 case 'p': 325 if ((trackspares = atoi(optarg)) < 0) 326 fatal("%s: bad spare sectors per track", 327 optarg); 328 break; 329 case 'r': 330 if ((rpm = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 331 fatal("%s: bad revolutions/minute", optarg); 332 break; 333 case 's': 334 if ((fssize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 335 fatal("%s: bad file system size", optarg); 336 break; 337 case 't': 338 t_or_u_flag++; 339 if ((ntracks = atoi(optarg)) < 0) 340 fatal("%s: bad total tracks", optarg); 341 break; 342 case 'u': 343 t_or_u_flag++; 344 if ((nsectors = atoi(optarg)) < 0) 345 fatal("%s: bad sectors/track", optarg); 346 break; 347 case 'v': 348 vflag = 1; 349 break; 350 case 'x': 351 if ((cylspares = atoi(optarg)) < 0) 352 fatal("%s: bad spare sectors per cylinder", 353 optarg); 354 break; 355 case '?': 356 default: 357 usage(); 358 } 359 argc -= optind; 360 argv += optind; 361 362 if (argc != 2 && argc != 1) 363 usage(); 364 365 special = argv[0]; 366 cp = strrchr(special, '/'); 367 if (cp == 0) { 368 /* 369 * No path prefix; try /dev/%s. 370 */ 371 (void)snprintf(device, sizeof(device), "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, special); 372 special = device; 373 } 374 if (Nflag) { 375 fso = -1; 376 } else { 377 fso = open(special, O_WRONLY); 378 if (fso < 0) 379 fatal("%s: %s", special, strerror(errno)); 380 381 /* Bail if target special is mounted */ 382 n = getmntinfo(&mp, MNT_NOWAIT); 383 if (n == 0) 384 fatal("%s: getmntinfo: %s", special, strerror(errno)); 385 386 len = sizeof(_PATH_DEV) - 1; 387 s1 = special; 388 if (strncmp(_PATH_DEV, s1, len) == 0) 389 s1 += len; 390 391 while (--n >= 0) { 392 s2 = mp->f_mntfromname; 393 if (strncmp(_PATH_DEV, s2, len) == 0) { 394 s2 += len - 1; 395 *s2 = 'r'; 396 } 397 if (strcmp(s1, s2) == 0 || strcmp(s1, &s2[1]) == 0) 398 fatal("%s is mounted on %s", 399 special, mp->f_mntonname); 400 ++mp; 401 } 402 } 403 fsi = open(special, O_RDONLY); 404 if (fsi < 0) 405 fatal("%s: %s", special, strerror(errno)); 406 if (fstat(fsi, &st) < 0) 407 fatal("%s: %s", special, strerror(errno)); 408 if ((st.st_mode & S_IFMT) != S_IFCHR) 409 printf("%s: %s: not a character-special device\n", 410 progname, special); 411 cp = strchr(argv[0], '\0'); 412 if (cp == argv[0]) 413 fatal("null special file name"); 414 cp--; 415 if (!vflag && (*cp < 'a' || *cp > 'h') && !isdigit(*cp)) 416 fatal("%s: can't figure out file system partition", 417 argv[0]); 418#ifdef COMPAT 419 if (disktype == NULL) 420 disktype = argv[1]; 421#endif 422 lp = getdisklabel(special, fsi); 423 if (vflag || isdigit(*cp)) 424 pp = &lp->d_partitions[0]; 425 else 426 pp = &lp->d_partitions[*cp - 'a']; 427 if (pp->p_size == 0) 428 fatal("%s: `%c' partition is unavailable", 429 argv[0], *cp); 430 if (pp->p_fstype == FS_BOOT) 431 fatal("%s: `%c' partition overlaps boot program", 432 argv[0], *cp); 433 if (fssize == 0) 434 fssize = pp->p_size; 435 if (fssize > pp->p_size) 436 fatal("%s: maximum file system size on the `%c' partition is %d", 437 argv[0], *cp, pp->p_size); 438 if (rpm == 0) { 439 rpm = lp->d_rpm; 440 if (rpm <= 0) 441 rpm = 3600; 442 } 443 if (ntracks == 0) { 444 ntracks = lp->d_ntracks; 445 if (ntracks <= 0) 446 fatal("%s: no default #tracks", argv[0]); 447 } 448 if (nsectors == 0) { 449 nsectors = lp->d_nsectors; 450 if (nsectors <= 0) 451 fatal("%s: no default #sectors/track", argv[0]); 452 } 453 if (sectorsize == 0) { 454 sectorsize = lp->d_secsize; 455 if (sectorsize <= 0) 456 fatal("%s: no default sector size", argv[0]); 457 } 458 if (trackskew == -1) { 459 trackskew = lp->d_trackskew; 460 if (trackskew < 0) 461 trackskew = 0; 462 } 463 if (interleave == 0) { 464 interleave = lp->d_interleave; 465 if (interleave <= 0) 466 interleave = 1; 467 } 468 if (fsize == 0) { 469 fsize = pp->p_fsize; 470 if (fsize <= 0) 471 fsize = MAX(DFL_FRAGSIZE, lp->d_secsize); 472 } 473 if (bsize == 0) { 474 bsize = pp->p_frag * pp->p_fsize; 475 if (bsize <= 0) 476 bsize = MIN(DFL_BLKSIZE, 8 * fsize); 477 } 478 /* 479 * Maxcontig sets the default for the maximum number of blocks 480 * that may be allocated sequentially. With filesystem clustering 481 * it is possible to allocate contiguous blocks up to the maximum 482 * transfer size permitted by the controller or buffering. 483 */ 484 if (maxcontig == 0) 485 maxcontig = MAX(1, MAXPHYS / bsize - 1); 486 if (density == 0) 487 density = NFPI * fsize; 488 if (minfree < MINFREE && opt != FS_OPTSPACE) { 489 fprintf(stderr, "Warning: changing optimization to space "); 490 fprintf(stderr, "because minfree is less than %d%%\n", MINFREE); 491 opt = FS_OPTSPACE; 492 } 493 if (trackspares == -1) { 494 trackspares = lp->d_sparespertrack; 495 if (trackspares < 0) 496 trackspares = 0; 497 } 498 nphyssectors = nsectors + trackspares; 499 if (cylspares == -1) { 500 cylspares = lp->d_sparespercyl; 501 if (cylspares < 0) 502 cylspares = 0; 503 } 504 secpercyl = nsectors * ntracks - cylspares; 505 /* 506 * Only complain if -t or -u have been specified; the default 507 * case (4096 sectors per cylinder) is intended to disagree 508 * with the disklabel. 509 */ 510 if (t_or_u_flag && secpercyl != lp->d_secpercyl) 511 fprintf(stderr, "%s (%d) %s (%lu)\n", 512 "Warning: calculated sectors per cylinder", secpercyl, 513 "disagrees with disk label", (u_long)lp->d_secpercyl); 514 if (maxbpg == 0) 515 maxbpg = MAXBLKPG(bsize); 516 headswitch = lp->d_headswitch; 517 trackseek = lp->d_trkseek; 518#ifdef notdef /* label may be 0 if faked up by kernel */ 519 bbsize = lp->d_bbsize; 520 sbsize = lp->d_sbsize; 521#endif 522 oldpartition = *pp; 523#ifdef tahoe 524 realsectorsize = sectorsize; 525 if (sectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) { /* XXX */ 526 int secperblk = DEV_BSIZE / sectorsize; 527 528 sectorsize = DEV_BSIZE; 529 nsectors /= secperblk; 530 nphyssectors /= secperblk; 531 secpercyl /= secperblk; 532 fssize /= secperblk; 533 pp->p_size /= secperblk; 534 } 535#else 536 realsectorsize = sectorsize; 537 if (sectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) { /* XXX */ 538 int secperblk = sectorsize / DEV_BSIZE; 539 540 sectorsize = DEV_BSIZE; 541 nsectors *= secperblk; 542 nphyssectors *= secperblk; 543 secpercyl *= secperblk; 544 fssize *= secperblk; 545 pp->p_size *= secperblk; 546 } 547#endif 548 mkfs(pp, special, fsi, fso); 549#ifdef tahoe 550 if (realsectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) 551 pp->p_size *= DEV_BSIZE / realsectorsize; 552#else 553 if (realsectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) 554 pp->p_size /= realsectorsize /DEV_BSIZE; 555#endif 556 if (!Nflag && bcmp(pp, &oldpartition, sizeof(oldpartition))) 557 rewritelabel(special, fso, lp); 558 if (!Nflag) 559 close(fso); 560 close(fsi); 561 exit(0); 562} 563 564#ifdef COMPAT 565char lmsg[] = "%s: can't read disk label; disk type must be specified"; 566#else 567char lmsg[] = "%s: can't read disk label"; 568#endif 569 570struct disklabel * 571getdisklabel(s, fd) 572 char *s; 573 int fd; 574{ 575 static struct disklabel lab; 576 577 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGDINFO, (char *)&lab) < 0) { 578#ifdef COMPAT 579 if (disktype) { 580 struct disklabel *lp, *getdiskbyname(); 581 582 unlabeled++; 583 lp = getdiskbyname(disktype); 584 if (lp == NULL) 585 fatal("%s: unknown disk type", disktype); 586 return (lp); 587 } 588#endif 589 warn("ioctl (GDINFO)"); 590 fatal(lmsg, s); 591 } 592 return (&lab); 593} 594 595void 596rewritelabel(s, fd, lp) 597 char *s; 598 int fd; 599 register struct disklabel *lp; 600{ 601#ifdef COMPAT 602 if (unlabeled) 603 return; 604#endif 605 lp->d_checksum = 0; 606 lp->d_checksum = dkcksum(lp); 607 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCWDINFO, (char *)lp) < 0) { 608 warn("ioctl (WDINFO)"); 609 fatal("%s: can't rewrite disk label", s); 610 } 611} 612 613/*VARARGS*/ 614void 615#if __STDC__ 616fatal(const char *fmt, ...) 617#else 618fatal(fmt, va_alist) 619 char *fmt; 620 va_dcl 621#endif 622{ 623 va_list ap; 624 625#if __STDC__ 626 va_start(ap, fmt); 627#else 628 va_start(ap); 629#endif 630 if (fcntl(STDERR_FILENO, F_GETFL) < 0) { 631 openlog(progname, LOG_CONS, LOG_DAEMON); 632 vsyslog(LOG_ERR, fmt, ap); 633 closelog(); 634 } else { 635 vwarnx(fmt, ap); 636 } 637 va_end(ap); 638 exit(1); 639 /*NOTREACHED*/ 640} 641 642static void 643usage() 644{ 645 fprintf(stderr, 646 "usage: %s [ -fsoptions ] special-device%s\n", 647 progname, 648#ifdef COMPAT 649 " [device-type]"); 650#else 651 ""); 652#endif 653 fprintf(stderr, "where fsoptions are:\n"); 654 fprintf(stderr, 655 "\t-N do not create file system, just print out parameters\n"); 656 fprintf(stderr, "\t-O create a 4.3BSD format filesystem\n"); 657 fprintf(stderr, "\t-S sector size\n"); 658#ifdef COMPAT 659 fprintf(stderr, "\t-T disktype\n"); 660#endif 661 fprintf(stderr, "\t-U enable soft updates\n"); 662 fprintf(stderr, "\t-a maximum contiguous blocks\n"); 663 fprintf(stderr, "\t-b block size\n"); 664 fprintf(stderr, "\t-c cylinders/group\n"); 665 fprintf(stderr, "\t-d rotational delay between contiguous blocks\n"); 666 fprintf(stderr, "\t-e maximum blocks per file in a cylinder group\n"); 667 fprintf(stderr, "\t-f frag size\n"); 668 fprintf(stderr, "\t-g average file size\n"); 669 fprintf(stderr, "\t-h average files per directory\n"); 670 fprintf(stderr, "\t-i number of bytes per inode\n"); 671 fprintf(stderr, "\t-k sector 0 skew, per track\n"); 672 fprintf(stderr, "\t-l hardware sector interleave\n"); 673 fprintf(stderr, "\t-m minimum free space %%\n"); 674 fprintf(stderr, "\t-n number of distinguished rotational positions\n"); 675 fprintf(stderr, "\t-o optimization preference (`space' or `time')\n"); 676 fprintf(stderr, "\t-p spare sectors per track\n"); 677 fprintf(stderr, "\t-s file system size (sectors)\n"); 678 fprintf(stderr, "\t-r revolutions/minute\n"); 679 fprintf(stderr, "\t-t tracks/cylinder\n"); 680 fprintf(stderr, "\t-u sectors/track\n"); 681 fprintf(stderr, 682 "\t-v do not attempt to determine partition name from device name\n"); 683 fprintf(stderr, "\t-x spare sectors per cylinder\n"); 684 exit(1); 685} 686